The Ageing Brain Project & International Brain Grids
Transcript of The Ageing Brain Project & International Brain Grids
The Ageing Brain Project & International Brain Grids:
Tissue Mechanics as a key to Healthy Lifespan
for a Greying World
Prasun Kumar Roy
Tata Innovation Fellow
Senior Professor, National Brain Research Centre, NCR Delhi
Chief Investigator, India Brain Grid, Ministry of Information Technology
Lifetime prevalence = 22%
•Depression
•Dementia
•Schizophrenia
•Bipolar Disorder
•Stroke & Degeneration••Obsessive disorder
•Alcohol & Drug Use
Pressing Need Today : Critical Social Burden:
Brain Disorders – Global Highest Disease Load: $ 1.5 Trillion/year in 2030
7.34.4
2.41.7
3.71.8
6.43.0
3.61.3
1.80.7
2.50.9
2.30.9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Developed economies
Former Soviet block
India
China
Other SE Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Latin America/ Caribbean
Middle Eastern Crescent
1990
2020
Molecular PET Blood flow, fMRINBRC:
Electrophysiology/EEG Genomics
Brain Function: Large data vol. - Many patients:
Computed Analysis: Global standards: 3D McGill Brain Template
BioInformatics (DNA) OrganoInformatics (TISSUE)
Needed ‘Big Data’: Coordinated effort of Scientists across the Nation:
Novel Popln. Approach to Diagnostic/Therapeutic Trials, Drug Discovery
4D Flows in Tissue: ‘Connectomics’: Electrical Signal, Drugs, Cells, Blood:
Domain Expertise: Elec/Chem./Material Engg., Fluid Dynamics,
Systems Biology, Anatomy
Elements:
The Grid: Dynamic linkage to collect/analyze data
Computed 4D Tissue Biology Platform: Study temporal change
Data Interpretation System: For optimal diagnosis/therapy.
…….. SOME EXAMPLES OF BRAIN GRIDS ……….
European Brain Grid: Neugrid, HBP
UK, France, Italy, Germany, Sweden, Finland, Greece
Child Development (UCL)
Brain Injury (Karolinska)
Dementia (ICRRS Venice)
Epilepsy (CNRC Toulouse)
Autism (MPI, Dresden)
U.S. Brain Grid:
ICBM /ADNI / NIH
Int’l Consortium of Brain Mapping; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
UCLA, Harvard
Partners:
Siemens
Philips
Pfizer
Roche
Allen Brain Institute
Asia-Pacific Brain Grid
China, Singapore, Korea, Japan, Australia
Korean Sub-grid
KERONET
LG Electronics NIST Tsukuba
NBRC AIIMS NIMHANS IPGMER KEM
IIT-D Delhi Bangalore Calcutta Bombay
(Central) (North) (South) (East) (West)
Partner Nodes:
Indian Brain Grid (iBrain) Principal Science Adviser’s Office, GoI
National Knowledge Network NKN Platform (Ministry of I. T.)
Bombay [Marathi]
(KEM/SMC)•
• Calcutta
(IPGMER): Bengali
• Delhi NCR [Hindi language]
AIIMS/NBRC
• Bangalore [Kannada]
(NIMHANS)
Golden Quadrilateral Silicon Quadrilateral
• Tech Standardization
•Stroke Study,
•Ageing Study
•Population study
Phase II: NKN
Global Brain Grid
iBrain: India Brain Grid Platform
Interaccession & Analysis of MRI-PET-EEG-Genomics
Electrophysiology / Psychometry / Blood Flow Data
GLOBAL-BRAIN
Metadata
DB
I-BRAIN:
Brain Images
Indian
Database
DB
NBRC/NKN Delhi: Standard Brain Atlas to Normalize Scans:
Montreal Int’l Brain Template
Standardization of parameters/protocols of all Scanners in 4 Zones
I-BRAIN site-2
B’lore: 3 T Siemens
I-BRAIN site-3
Bombay: 3 T Philips
I-BRAIN site-4
3T Calcutta: G.E.
I-BRAIN site-1
… NCR Delhi: 3 Tesla Philips
Accession of iBrain Node – West Zone
(Bombay: KEM Medical College)
DELHI: AIIMS
GURGAON: GGH
MUMBAI: KEM
MUMBAI: KEM
Accession of iBrain Node – East Zone
Calcutta: IPGMER (W.B. Govt.)
MANESAR: NBRC
BANGALORE: NIMHANS
IPGMER: CALCUTTA
IPGMER - CALCUTTA
Program Initiative
Distortion Analysis of the Brain Tissue as marker for
Alzheimer’s disease & Mild Cognitive Impairment
Left Brain Right Brain
6.0
4.0
2.0
Alzheimer’s Disease : MRI-based Monitoring of Distortion
Cortical Tissue Disturbance
Maximum tissue strain
at Entorhinal region
(Budha et al)
Receiver-Operating Characteristics (ROC curve):
Elastic Responsivity as Classifier:
Differentiating Normal vs. Disease (Mild Cognitive Impairment /
Alzheimer’s Disease)
ROC curve:
Area Under Curve
AUC = 0.9968
Sen
siti
vit
y
1 – Specificity
time
Perirhinal
cortex
Entorhinal
cortex
Hippocam
pus
Drug may work
better here
(pre-MCI)
Rest of TL
Entire
Cortex
Association
Cortex
Drug usually
administered
here (Alz)
Strategy: Early knowledge of Disease Therapeutic InterventionMild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), pre-MCI:
The Window of OpportunityNo Ready Imaging Markers:
(MCI)
Brain Grid: Deliverables & Goals
Indian Normative Database for Brain:
Imaging
Biochemistry & Genetics
Longitudinal Study to Detect Brain Development & Ageing Effects:
In Normality and in Diseases
Clinical Imaging Biomarkers: Drug-resistant Epilepsy
For Early Disease Diagnosis & Grading
Cross-Sectional Study: Himalaya: Hypoxic stress in Low-landers
Mapping Variation across Gender and Different Ethnic Group in India
Monitoring of Drug Response:
At early treatment stage, to reject ineffective drugs
Scope for Industry & Engineering Sector
Human Organism: Unique Dynamics Platform
Big Data :
Making Sense from Global Data Streams
National/Global Problem:
Growth, Ageing, Life-span
Decisions for Policy-Makers
Economic Productivity
Blue Sky Products & Services
Sponsorships:
Cooperation: Training Facilitation:
Infrastructure:
Services:
National Informatics Centre
Services India Ltd.