‘The Age of Plastics’ - boun.edu.tr
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10/04/2014 1 MACROMOLECULES ‘The Age of Plastics’ Amitav Sanyal Department of Chemistry Bogazici University SCI 102 ‘ The Graduate’ 1967 “I just want to say one word to you – just one word…. plastics.” BIG MOLECULES made by Linking SMALL MOLECULES....REPEATING UNITS MACROMOLECULES a.k.a POLYMERS Chain of Molecules MACROMOLECULES = Large + Molecules POLYMERS = Many + Units Why do we care? Waking up one morning without Polymers i.e. PlasGcs? No Toothbrush ... may be I can live without it! If you are lucky...you may have some clothes on...coMon undergarments! No Cell phone .... No Computer .... i.e. No Internet or Messenger Chat! Transport? ..... Gres, automobile interiors CommunicaGon? ..... fiber opGcs Contact lensesGarmentsUmbrellasBaby DiapersNon S<ck pans Bank Cards & Credit Cards.....!
Transcript of ‘The Age of Plastics’ - boun.edu.tr
10/04/2014
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MACROMOLECULES
‘The Age of Plastics’
Amitav Sanyal Department of Chemistry
Bogazici University
SCI 102
‘ The Graduate’ 1967
“I just want to say one word to you – just one word…. plastics.”
BIG MOLECULES made by Linking SMALL MOLECULES....REPEATING UNITS
MACROMOLECULES
a.k.a POLYMERS
Chain of Molecules
MACROMOLECULES = Large + Molecules POLYMERS = Many + Units
Why do we care? Waking up one morning without Polymers i.e. PlasGcs?
No Toothbrush ... may be I can live without it!
If you are lucky...you may have some clothes on...coMon undergarments!
No Cell phone ....
No Computer .... i.e. No Internet or Messenger Chat!
Transport? ..... Gres, automobile interiors CommunicaGon? ..... fiber opGcs
Contact lenses-‐Garments-‐Umbrellas-‐Baby Diapers-‐Non S<ck pans-‐ Bank Cards & Credit Cards.....!
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DNA
Cellulose
Polymers – All Around Us
Protein Natural Polymers
Rubber
Teflon
Nylon PVC
HDPE
Polymers: All Around Us
SyntheGc Polymers
The Responsibility of Luxury!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_debris
Great Pacific Garbage Patch................ 1.5 times the size of Turkey!
How BIG is the Problem?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pacific_Garbage_Patch
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Why do we care?
Source: Denver Westword: Denver News Blog
http://www.kocaeli.bel.tr/
I care, But What can I do?
3 R’s
Reduce
Reuse!
May be not so easy?
Recycle!
PlasGcs Codes
• 1 – PETE – soI drink boLles • 2 – LDPE – plasNc bags, toys • 3 – PVC – water pipes • 4 – HDPE – milk jugs • 5 – PP – boLle caps • 6 – PS – styrofoam
http://www.lotfi.net/recycle/plastic.html
Thermoplastics can be recycled....................BUT THIS IS NOT AUTOMATIC!
YOU HAVE TO DISPOSE THEM APPROPRIATELY FOR RECYCLING......... RESPONSIBLE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
Is There No Hope?
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www.manavata.org
Plastic bags take between 15 to 1000 years to degrade. Designing eco-friendly, biodegradable plastics!
GOING GREEN... BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS
GOING GREEN... BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS
degradation
Source: Biodegradable Products Institute
Vancouver 2010: The Green Olympics
Feature Photo: chrissatchwell / Photo above: roland
All plastics were made from corn, plates and napkins were edible and made from potatoes
1839 Charles Goodyear improve the properties of natural rubber. Working in Woburn, MA in 1839, Goodyear discovers ‘vulcanization’: addition of sulfur to natural rubber greatly enhances its elasticity and toughness
SEMI-SYNTHETIC POLYMER
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The first synthetic plastic was discovered in 1907 when a Belgian born chemist, Dr. Leo H. Baekeland, reacted phenol and formaldehyde under pressure using hexamethylenetetramine as a catalyst for the reaction. The result was a thermosetting “phenolic” plastic he named Bakelite. the market.
Bakelite was an instant commercial success. It was electrically resistant, chemically stable, heat resistant, rigid, moisture and weather resistant.
It was very widely used for its electrical insulating capability.
Baekeland sold the rights to his invention to the Eastman Kodak Company that first used it for camera bodies
Dr. Leo H. Baekeland
FIRST SYNTHETIC PLASTIC
What is this?
ClassificaGon of Polymers
Natural Polymers SyntheGc Polymers
ThermoplasGc Elastomer Thermoset
Based on Source:
Based on Property:
Polymers: At the Molecular Level
Skeletal Structure Chemical Structure
Skeletal Structure
• Linear – a chain with two ends
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Skeletal Structure
• Branched – have side chains
Skeletal Structure
• Crosslinked – interconnected chains
Chemical Structure
• Homopolymer – only one monomer (repeaNng unit)
-‐ A – A – A – A – A – A – A -‐
Copolymer – more than one monomer
- A – B – B – A – A – B – A -
CC
H
HH
H
SAME AS
SAME ASC
CC
C
CC
CC H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
CHEMICAL SHORTHAND
MONOMERS
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PlasGcs Around You
PhCH3
n
Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph PhPhStyrene
Polystyrene
PlasGcs Around You Monomer Polymer
EthyleneH3C
CH3n
Repeat unitPolyethylene
CH3CH3
nCH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3CH3
PropylenePolypropylene
PhCH3
n
Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph PhPhStyrene
Polystyrene
ClCH3
nCl Cl Cl Cl Cl ClCl
Vinyl ChloridePoly(vinyl chloride)
F2C CF2
TetrafluoroethyleneF3C
F2C
CF2
F2C
CF2
F2C
CF2
F2C
CF2
F2C
CF2
F2C
CF2
CF3n
Poly(tetrafluoroethylene): Teflon
ClassificaGon based on Property
Thermoset: cross-linked polymer that cannot be melted tires Thermoplastic: Meltable plastic plastic bags Elastomers: Polymers that stretch and then return to their original form: often thermoset polymers
rubber bands soles of sport shoes
polyurethanes: seating foams
Plasticizers or dispersants are additives that increase the plasticity or fluidity of the material to which they are added
most commonly phthalates, that give hard plastics like PVC the desired flexibility and durability.
New Car Smell is not the same as the New baby smell!
Connecticut was the first US state to ban bisphenol A from infant formula and baby food containers, as well from any reusable food or beverage container.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisphenol_A
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Discovered in 1965 at DuPont ! 5 Gmes stronger than Steel on equal weight basis
ApplicaGon Areas:
Bullet Proof Vests Racing Cars Race Boats and Canoes Bicycle Tires
POLYMERS ARE LIFESAVERS KEVLAR
N
NH
H
H
H
Cl
Cl
O
O
+
N
N
H
H
O
O
N
N
H
H
- n HCl
KEVLAR
AMIDE BOND
HYDROGEN ATOMS Bound to
ElectronegeNve Atom O, N and F
KEVLAR
Nature’s Choice! ... Robust Bonds.......Bonds in Proteins
INTERCHAIN HYDROGEN BONDING
Hydrogen Boding between Polymer Chains saves lives!
Bioinspired Design... Hydrogen Bonding between Biopolymers is the basis of life!
KEVLAR
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Hydrogen Bonding…. What binds us together! Hydrogen Bonding…. What binds us together!
How can we learn from Nature to design Smart Materials............ ..........................self-healing? ..........................self-cleaning? ........................... ........................... Polymer Design and Applications (Lecture 2) Nanomaterials: Polymers and others.... (Lecture 3)
THANK YOU!
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