The Age of Jackson

281825

ELECTORAL VOTE182818241820183218361840

7134View Electoral Vote

1824HOUSE VOTE

99844137Electoral VoteView Popular Vote182818241820183218361840

43%31%13%13%Popular Vote(356,038 Votes)

1828182418201832183618401820

Electoral Vote99.5%Direct Balloting for PresidentState LegislatureVotersPresidential ElectorsPresidentThe Old System Indirect Election(Aristocracy)The New System Direct Election(Democracy)

By 1836, voters in all states except for SouthCarolina were castingdirect ballots for presidential electors.

South Carolina continued to select electors indirectly until 1860.

Which arrangements 5A Man of the PeopleJackson campaigned as a man of the people standing against corrupt bargainers like Adams.

OLD

182818241820183218361840183617073Electoral VoteView Popular VoteView Electoral Vote261311Popular Vote(1,498,678 Votes)

51%37%10%2%

182818241820183218361840184073234Electoral VoteView Popular VoteView Electoral VotePopular Vote(2,411,187 Votes)

47%53%John C. CalhounVice PresidentI see in the fact that Mr. Clay has made the President against the voice of his constituents, and that he has been rewarded by the man elevated by him by the first office in his gift, the most dangerous stab, which the liberty of this country has ever received. I will not be on that side. I am with the people.

A Corrupt Bargain?Jacksonian Democracy

Belief in theCommon Man

Universal [White Male] Suffrage

Popular Campaigning

Which came first???

Jacksonian Democracy?

The 1828 CampaignCandidate-centeredNegative Advertising

Further Reading

Just Plain DirtySectionalismCandidate Promotion

182818241820183218361840

182817883Electoral VoteView Popular VoteView Electoral VotePopular Vote(1,155,350 Votes)

56%44%

Source: White House Historical Association Artist: Louis S. GlanzmanThe Inauguration:Jacksonian Democracy in Action

Jackson-Dickinson Duel (1806)20

Assassination AttemptThe Story: http://www.americanheritage.com/people/articles/web21To the victor belong the spoils

Political Patronage

Government offices given to political supportersThe Spoils System

In memoriam--our civil service as it was, A Political cartoon by Thomas Nast showing statue of Andrew Jackson on pig, which is over "fraud," "bribery," and "spoils," eating "plunder." in Harper's Weekly, 1877 April 28, p. 325.

http://www.youtube.com22The Second Two Party System1790-1816FederalistsRepublicans1816-1824Republicans1828-1852National Republicans WhigsDemocratic Republicans Democrats1223 WHIGSThe 2nd Party SystemDEMOCRATSHenry ClayLeaders Andrew JacksonNationalisticFederalismStates RightsElitistAttitude toward the Common ManDemocraticYESMoral Reform?NOLooseConstitutionSTRICTGov. Involvement OKEconomyLaissez-faireNortheastSectional SupportSouth / WestYESNational BankNOYESInternal ImprovementsNOYESProtective TariffNO

AMERICANSYSTEM24Indian Removal

Trail of TearsCherokee Tribe25Jackson vs. the BankSecond Bank of the United StatesChartered 1816-1836

A Hydra of Corruption

Pet Banks27

The bank is trying to kill me, but I will kill it.-- Andrew Jackson Jacksons Veto Message

Image Credit: http://www.zazzle.com

30Political CartoonWhat does this cartoon say about contemporary opinions of Andrew Jackson?

321832 Presidential Election

JacksonClay

The National Bank was the central issue of the 1832 election.WINNERLOSER33NULLIFICATION1828-1833

35The American System

ClayTHREE PARTS:National BankInternal ImprovementsProtective TariffGOAL:

Economic Self-Sufficiency

36

The Tariff of 1828Highest tariff rates ever passed by Congress

PROTECTIVEIn excess of $$$ necessary to finance the governmentThe Tariff of Abominations

Three Major Industries:

Commerce

Agriculture

ManufacturingWhich industry benefits from a protective tariff?The Tariff of 1828The Tariff of Abominations

House Vote on Tariff of 1828+-New England1623Middle States (Mid-Atlantic)5711West 2910South350Total10594Did the Tariff of 1828 provide for the general welfare?From Article I, Section 8The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties [tariffs], Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States

By this standard, was the Tariff of 1828 constitutional?

NullificationJohn C. CalhounVice PresidentSouth Carolina threatened to nullify the Tariff of 1828 Refused to collect the tariff within the states borders

The South Carolina Exposition [and Protest]

From the Kentucky Resolutionof 1798Resolved, That the several States composing, the United States of America, are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their general government and that whensoever the general government assumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force

JeffersonJacksons Dilemma

States RightsFederal AuthorityA ToastOur Federal Union: It must be preserved.The Union. Next to our liberty, the most dear.

Hayne-Webster DebateDebate in U.S. Senate concerning the constitutionality of Nullification

Daniel Webster (MA):liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!Anti-Nullification

Rhetorical victory for WebsterCongress authorizes Jackson to use force to collect the tariff in SC.

SC calls out militia

The Force Bill1832

Lowered protective rates

South Carolina acceptsThen nullified the Force Bill

CRISIS AVERTEDFor nowThe Compromise Tariffof 1833

The Great CompromiserHenry ClayMartin Van BurenDEMOCRATEighth President(1837-1841)New YorkThe Little MagicianPanic of 1837Panic of 1839

Van BurenElection of 1840Elitist Whigs RegroupTippecanoe and Tyler Too!

William Henry HarrisonThe Log Cabin Campaign

Whigs beat the Democrats at their own game.

Looks like democracy smells like democracy tastes like democracy