The 3 European Bakery Company Panorama - · PDF file• Equipment and Machinery Suppliers...
-
Upload
dinhnguyet -
Category
Documents
-
view
249 -
download
15
Transcript of The 3 European Bakery Company Panorama - · PDF file• Equipment and Machinery Suppliers...
The 3rd edition of the Gira
European Bakery Company Panorama 2006 - 2011 - 2016 - 2021
Bread – Viennoiserie – Patisserie – Savoury Pastry Fresh, Packaged & Bake-off – Industrial & Artisanal
Markets – Players – News – Trends
for 28 European countries + Turkey & Russia
The Whole Bakery Sector at Your Fingertips
13, chemin du Levant F - 01210 Ferney-Voltaire Tel : (33) 4 50 40 24 00 Fax : (33) 4 50 40 24 02
E-mail : [email protected] Web site : www.girafood.com
A multiclient study completed in September 2017, for: • Bakery Companies
• Millers and Bakery Ingredients Manufacturers
• Wholesalers and Importers in the Bakery Chain
• Modern and Specialist Retailers
• Equipment and Machinery Suppliers
• Banks and Investment Funds
1 October 2017 © Gira 2017
2
This Panorama is a focused, one-stop source of all the fundamental industry and market data you need on European
bakery chain, together with informed opinion on what it means.
Through it, you will be able to follow and fully comprehend the major events in the Bakery sector, with perspectives at both pan-
European level and for each of the countries covered.
It is the only pan-European industrial bakery data source on the real industrial bakers (not breakfast cereal & biscuit
manufacturers). It is a user-friendly and very value-for-money source of all the basic information about your sector in Europe.
The Panorama contains an array of relevant corporate, structural and market information that you generally cannot
find elsewhere, and certainly never in one place:
• It covers separately the four major bakery products: Bread, Viennoiserie, Patisserie and Savoury Pastry with key data on all
the markets and the events that are shaping the business
• It concentrates on the bakery industries of Europe and situates each of the main bakery companies in the context of its
major competitors and by technology (fresh, packaged, bake-off).
Whichever of the bakery products and technologies you are active in,
your sector is given full coverage in the Panorama.
Whatever your role in the European bakery supply chain – miller – ingredient manufacturer –
industrial baker – wholesaler – retailer – caterer – equipment supplier or investor –
this Panorama is the unique source of comprehensive, easy-to-access, coherent and comparable
information that you need to manage and plan your business.
What is the Gira European Bakery Panorama?
Unique information & perspective at a low price
HIGHLY OPERATIONAL – all the KEY FACTS at your FINGERTIPS
October 2017 © Gira 2017
What you get
1. PAN-EUROPEAN SYNTHESIS (125 pages) ♦ A unique & comprehensive overview of the European bakery industry
• League tables of the major bakery companies, ranked by group turnover & by main technology
• All the important news and events on the European bakery industries & markets, over the last 5 years
• Bakery markets summary tables: European consumption, distribution & production structure for each bakery product & trends
• Overview of the dynamics which are driving the European bakery industry, & of the strategies of the main players.
2. COUNTRY REPORTS (1'300 pages) ♦ The description of the bakery markets & industry structures
• Market context: consumption trends & historical split according to the product and technology used (fresh, packaged)
• Distribution channels: retail (modern, traditional) & foodservice (commercial, social, bakery chains)
• Production structure breakdown: artisan bakers, modern retailers' in-store scratch baking & industrial bakers (fresh, packaged & bake-off products)
• 2021 trends for all of the above elements & for all bakery products
• All the major events affecting your industry over the last 5 years
• List of the main industrial bakery companies – with their production structure overview.
3. BAKERY COMPANIES PROFILES (280 pages) ♦ A focused review of each of the 103 major European industrial bakers.
A full-coverage study of the European bakery markets & industry
Scope
Products All bakery products & technologies: products (bread, viennoiserie, patisserie, hot savoury snacks); fresh unpackaged & packaged;
storage forms (fresh, frozen, chilled & ambient); production methods (scratch artisanal & in-store: industrial fresh, bake-off & packaged)
Markets All distribution circuits: modern & traditional retail, foodservice & bakery chains
Countries EU-27 + United Kingdom, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey & Russia
When 2006 – 2011 – 2016 – trends through 2021.
Timing & Cost Timing Completion September 2017.
Cost Full subscription is Euros 12'500 (before any tax) for the whole report. Options are available page 14.
Contact: Anne Fremaux Tel. +33 4 50 40 24 00 e-mail [email protected] 3 October 2017
1. Background and Issues 5
2. Objectives of the Panorama 7
3. Scope and Coverage 8
4. Structure and Contents of the Reports 10
5. Methodology and the Gira Team 13
6. Timing, Price, Reports and Follow-up 14
7. Gira's clients in the Bakery Sector 15
Appendix: some extracts from Panorama 2017 Country Reports & EU Synthesis 16
Contents of this Proposal
4 October 2017 © Gira 2017
1. Background and issues The European bakery markets are enormous and face major challenges
Gira estimates that the EU-27 + UK market for bread, viennoiserie, patisserie
and savoury pastry snacks amounted almost 40 million tons in 2016.
The Panorama presents and comments all the major developments in this
globally mature market, with an assessment of their importance for the future:
• Relative share of fresh unpackaged versus packaged products, which has direct consequences on the industrial bakery structure
• Consumption dynamics creating niche markets: bread vs. other bakery products, basic vs. premium offering, health concerns, on-the-go, green issues etc.
• Strong changes in distribution, with tough competition amongst players:
− Any future for artisan bakeries?
− Increasing baking activities of the discounters, pushing pressure on mainstream retailers
− Huge expansion of bakery chains and coffee-shops
• Any new trends in supply strategy options:
− Back to scratch baking or back to buying fresh finished bakery products?
− Is bake-off at a turning point?
Bakery products consumption by country & by technology
Bakery products consumption by product
Bakery products distribution structure
Bakery products supply structure
5 October 2017 © Gira 2017
The production strategy options are constantly changing – requiring up-to-date insight and information
A standard production breakdown is used as the framework for our overview of the industrial structure and perspectives of each bakery product in each country – as well as for showing their relative importance at European level.
In this context, bakery companies have to adapt to the changing
supply structures, with slightly opposite production strategies.
The study updates information on:
• The various bakery activities of the top 100 bakery groups, with exclusive
breakdown of their activity between: fresh, packaged and bake-off
• The emergent bakery groups and those divesting from bakery operations
• And of course an overview of all consolidations and reorganisations.
As of 2016, industrial supply accounted for over 65% of
total bakery products consumption in Europe,
against 35% for artisanal manufacturers.
But the supply structure varies greatly between countries.
Th
e l
ea
din
g i
nd
us
tria
l
bak
ers
a
nd
th
eir
ma
in
ac
tivit
ies
The biggest industrial bakers and their bakery activities
6 October 2017 © Gira 2017
Δ 06/11 Δ 11/16 Δ 16/21
(% pa) (% pa) (% pa)
Artisan bakers 95 93 82 79 -0.3% -2.6% -0.7%
Retailers in-store 1 4 5 6 30.8% 6.8% 3.3%
Others* 6 11 13 14 12.1% 3.5% 2.8%
Total artisanal 101 107 99 99 1.1% -1.5% 0.0%
Industrial fresh 83 100 104 111 3.7% 0.9% 1.2%
Bake-off 17 32 47 60 13.0% 8.3% 5.1%
Packaged long life 38 52 58 64 6.6% 2.1% 1.8%
Packaged to bake 7 10 11 13 7.6% 2.8% 3.0%
Total industrial 145 193 221 247 5.9% 2.7% 2.3%
246 301 320 346 4.1% 1.3% 1.6%
*: other retail, bakery chains & foodservice sectors
Source: Gira compilation
2016 2021f
Artisanal
supply
Industrial
Supply
Total
('000 tons baked weight) 2006 2011
Viennoiserie supply structure – Country – 2006, 2011, 2016, 2021(f)
Tables and graphs are
available for each bakery
product in each country
Bakery products supply structure by country - 2016
2. Objectives of the Panorama
Our objective in preparing this third edition of the Panorama was to provide bakery industry operators and other stakeholders
with essential information on the main European bakery companies and their markets:
• Coverage in each Country Report begins by setting the scene, with macro-sectoral forecasts in the framework of
historical consumption by bakery product and by presentation (e.g. fresh unpackaged vs. packaged products etc.) which
immediately provides the market context in which the industrial bakers are operating
• Each bakery product distribution structure is detailed, with emphasize on the main trends (e.g. growth of hard-discount
and bakery chains)
• The markets are segmented in terms of main supply technology (e.g. scratch artisanal vs. bought fresh vs. baked-off,
packaged ambient vs. packaged to bake) for each bakery segment in each country
• There is also a specific section of profiles of each of the 103 leading industrial bakery producers
• We have also updated the “league tables” of all the major European bakery groups. This is highly useful tool, with so
much consolidation, restructuring and cross-border activity taking place.
There is a real need for more information in the bakery sector. It needs to be reliable, up-to-date and affordable:
• Comparable, and in perspective: we have adopted standard product and technology definitions, and units of measure
throughout, with clear indications of what each figure means. This is the only way to ensure international comparability
• Up-to-date: the current 2016 situation with 2021 trends
• Easy to use: each Country Report & each Profile follows the same structure, to simplify comparison and make the Panorama
easy to read and to use
• Of practical use: the information & trends that every operator needs – succinct and operational
• Authoritative: over the last 35 years, Gira has built up a unique databank of comparable bakery company and market
information. This Panorama is the product of just one part of our European and bakery knowledge.
The Panorama provides transparency in an industry which is still clouded by secrecy and reticence to disclose figures… yet which is rapidly becoming more international and ever more concentrated.
7 October 2017 © Gira 2017
3. Scope and Coverage
Gira's bakery products categories
Bread • White bread
• Special bread
• Soft bread
Viennoiserie • French laminated: croissant, pain chocolate
• Danish pastries
• Risen dough: brioches, milk bread
• Fried dough: doughnut, berliner
Patisserie • Cakes, madeleines
• Tarts and pies
• Multi-layered cream pastries
• Chou pastries
• US pastries
Savoury pastry snacks • Puff pastries
• Tarts and pizzas
• Bread based.
And in each Country Report, photos are given of the main
products in each Gira product category, "for the avoidance of
doubt".
Biscuits and cereals are NOT included.
Distribution channels Retail
• Traditional retailers: artisan bakers, confectioners
• Modern retailers: hyper- & supermarkets, hard discount
• Other retail: small grocery stores, petrol stations and
convenience stores
Foodservice
• Commercial restaurants and hotels (HoReCa), fast-food
• Social foodservice: education, health/welfare, workplace
• Bakery and sandwich chains.
Since its first research on European bakery markets in 2001, Gira has been using the same product categories, distribution
channels and production methods in each country, in order to standardise product definitions and thus allow international
comparison.
Consumer products categories (at consumer level)
Fresh products (un-packaged or packaged at the point of sales,
shelf-life 1 day)
Packaged "long-life" products (ambient, packed at industrial
level, branded, shelf-life over 2 days)
Packaged products to bake at home (chilled, frozen or
ambient, branded, need final baking/thawing at home).
8 October 2017 © Gira 2017
Scope and Coverage (2)
Production methods
The different production and supply methods are clearly
identified.
Artisanal production: scratch baking at the point of sales
• Artisan bakers scratch baking
• Modern retail in-store scratch baking
• Other retail and foodservice scratch baking
Industrial production:
• B2C - Packaged long-life ambient
• B2C - Packaged to-bake: ambient, chilled or frozen
• B2B - Fresh finished products: daily delivered to the stores or
restaurants, to be re-sold as fresh
• B2B - Bake-off products: semi-finished products, to be baked at
the point of sales and sold as fresh.
Countries
The Study covers all aspects of bakery products –
consumption, distribution, production, etc. in:
EU-27 Member countries + United Kingdom
Norway, Switzerland
Russia, Turkey.
Industrial bakers
There is a specific section of three to four-pages profiles of each of the 103 leading industrial bakery producers.
The Pan-European Synthesis provides League tables of the major bakery companies, by group turnover and by main technology:
Overall: top 137 companies
Fresh: top 43 companies
Bake-off: top 67 companies
Packaged (long-life & to-bake): top 66 companies.
Time horizon
Historical series: 2006-2011
Current situation: 2016
2021 trends.
9 October 2017 © Gira 2017
4. Structure and Contents of the Report
The Report consists of the following sections:
1. Pan-European Synthesis 125 pages
2. EU-27 Country Reports + UK, NO, CH, TK & RU 1'300 pages
3. Profiles of the top 103 Bakery Companies 280 pages
1. The Pan-European Synthesis
1. Bakery products and bakery companies News – all the major events affecting the European bakery chain since 2012
2. Market context: Summary tables of European consumption, distribution, supply methods and production – including 2021 trends
3. Price graphs: by product and by country
4. Top industrial bakery groups League Tables: ranked by overall turnover and by technology (fresh, packaged, bake-off).
2. Country Reports (about 50 pages each)
1. Highlights • Key figures
• Recent structural developments and outlook
2. Background • Demographics and economy
• Food consumption trends
• Distribution overview
3. Bread • Bread consumption dynamics
• Bread distribution channels – total and fresh
• Bread supply structure – total and fresh
4. Viennoiserie: as above
5. Patisserie: as above
6. Savoury pastry snacks: as above
7. Structure of the industrial bakery sector • Industrial production
• Imports and exports
• Key operators and company events.
Tables and Figures Highlights
• Socio-economic background: 2006-2011-2016-2021f
• Overall food distribution structure: 2006-2011-2016
• Main modern retailers: 2015/2016
• Bakery consumption by product and by technology: 2006-2011-2016-2021f
• Bakery products distribution channels (total and fresh): 2016 & 2021f
• Bakery products production structure (total and fresh): 2016 & 2021f
Tables and figures as below for: bread, viennoiserie, patisserie and
savoury snacks
• Consumption by technology: 2006-2011-2016-2021f
• Distribution channels (total and fresh): 2016 & 2021f
• Production structure: 2006-2011-2016-2021f
• Share of bake-off in fresh bakery products consumption: 2016 & 2021f
Industrial production:
• Industrial bakery products production: 2006-2011-2016-2021f
• Exports, imports and net trade for selected bakery products: 2011/2016
• Top industrial bakery products producers: 2015/2016.
10 October 2017 © Gira 2017
Report structure:
Contents of the Profiles
3. Profiles of all the Major Bakery Companies (3 pages each)
103 of the largest European Bakery companies have been profiled.
Each profile comprises the following elements, where available:
1. Basic information
• Address, website
• Key information 2016 (turnover, structure, ownership, main markets etc.)
2. Brief historical comment
3. Bakery products activities
4. Manufacturing activity
• By type of bakery product and by technology (fresh, packaged, bake-off)
5. Product range and technologies
6. Distribution channels and export activities
7. Financial overview
8. Main recent events
9. Apparent strategy
11 October 2017 © Gira 2017
Report Structure:
The top 103 European companies profiled
There follows the list of companies that have been profiled in this 3rd edition of the Panorama.
Company Country
ABF Grain Products Ltd UK
Ankerbrot AT
Aryzta Bakery CH
Aryzta AG* DE
Aryzta Polska PL
Aryzta Food Solutions IRE
Bachmeier DE
Bakehuset AS NO
Barilla Group IT
Bauli SpA IT
Bellsola ES
Berlys ES
Bimbo PT
Bimbo ES
Bindi SIPA SpA IT
Borgesius-Bakkersland NL
Boromir IND RO
Bridor FR
Brioche Pasquier FR
Cérélia FR
Ceres Ltd. HU
Chipita GR
Coppenrath & Wiese DE
Country Style Foods Ltd UK
CSM (UK) Ltd UK
DanCake PT
Délifrance FR
Délifrance Italia Srl IT
Dobrudjanski Hliab BG
Dulcesol ES
Dutch Bakery NL
East Balt Bakeries TR
Edeka Bakeries DE
Elbisco GR
Company Country
Eti Gida TR
Europastry ES
Fazer Leipomot Oy FI
Fazer RU
Ferrero SpA IT
Finsbury Food Group plc UK
Fornetti Ltd. HU
Forno D'Asolo SpA IT
Forns Valencians ES
Glockenbäckerei DE
Greggs plc UK
Grupo Siro ES
Gunnar Dafgard SE
Halk Elmek IHE TR
Hanzas Maiznīca LV
Harry Brot AG DE
Harrys FR
Hlebozavod 28 RU
Hovis Ltd. UK
Inter Europol PL
Jacquet Brossard FR
Joseph Brennan Bakeries IRE
Jowa CH
Karavay RU
KBK Cheremushki RU
KDV Group RU
Kohberg DK
Kuchenmeister DE
La Lorraine BE
La Lorraine Polska PL
La Lorraine A.S. CZ
Lantmännnen Unibake DK DK
Lantmannen Unibake UK Ltd UK
Lantmännen Unibake BE
Company Country
Lantmännen Unibake SE
Vaasan Oy FI
Lieken DE
Lotus Bakeries BE
Lu FR
Mademoiselle Desserts FR
Mantinga LT
Mlinar HR
Neopanpor PT
Neuhauser FR
Ölz AT
Orkla NO
Pågen SE
Panstar ES
Papadopoulos GR
Pat the Baker IRE
Penam CZ
Penam a.s. SK
Perviy Hlebokombinat RU
Piekarnia Oskroba PL
Premier Foods -Sweet Treats division UK
Sammontana SpA (3) IT
Simid - 1000 BG
Sinnack DE
Steinecke DE
Ströck AT
United Bakeries CZ CZ
Uno TR
Vandemoortele Bakery Products BE
Vandemoortele Bakery Products FR FR
Vandemoortele IT
Vel Pitar RO
Warburtons Ltd UK
Zagrebacke Pekarne HR
Žito SI
12 October 2017 © Gira 2017
5. Methodology and the Gira Team
METHODOLOGY
Gira has been researching European bakery markets and industries on a continuous basis since 1978.
Our researches has included:
• Major multi client programmes all along the bakery supply chain: e.g. Bakery Company Panorama, Bakery Strategies in
Modern Retail, Bakery Ingredients, etc.
• Bake-off Bakery Markets in Europe study forecast and analyses; normally repeated every 5 years (last updated in
December 2015)
• A wide variety of proprietary consultancy mandates, in all products and on all aspects of the bakery chain.
All of this is enriched by Gira’s ongoing work in other food sectors and by its consulting and research in the areas of consumer
preferences, health, retail and foodservice.
We have an unrivalled data bank on bakery markets, and most of the large bakery companies and bakery associations have
been clients of our research programmes, giving Gira access to key industry players throughout Europe.
For the Panorama, Gira has supplemented this knowledge with extensive trade interviews and desk and online research.
STAFFING
The Gira team is supervised by Anne Fremaux, the Director responsible for all of Gira’s bakery research projects and well-
known for her expertise throughout the European bakery sector.
Our team consists of Gira consultants with wide experience in the bakery sector, retail and foodservice, each of whom has an
intimate knowledge of the individual country market and industries for which he/she is responsible.
Most of the Gira team had also worked on the 2012 edition of the Panorama and on the 2015 edition of the Bake-off study.
13 October 2017 © Gira 2017
6. Timing, Subscription Price, Reports and Follow Up
TIMING
The Study has been published in September 2017.
SUBSCRIPTION PRICE
Full subscription: Euros 12'500 (before any applicable taxes), giving access to:
• Pan-European Synthesis
• 30 Country Reports
• 103 Bakery Company Profiles
• Excel database gathering all market figures (consumption, distribution and production structure).
Basic subscription: Euros 9'900 (before any applicable taxes), giving access to:
• Pan-European Synthesis
• EU-27 Member + UK Country Reports
• 92 related Bakery Company Profiles.
Additional options are available:
• Country Report + related Company Profiles: Euros 1'500 (1 country) – Euros 2'500 (2 countries) – Euros 3'300 (3) – Euros 4'000 (4)
• Excel database: Euros 1'000 (available only for basic subscription).
REPORTS
The reports are all in English.
Clients will receive an electronic version of the reports in searchable and printable PDF format.
Hard copies are available at an additional cost of Euros 400 per copy.
FOLLOW UP
With the full subscription option, Gira will be pleased to make a tailored, half-day presentation/workshop of the findings and
conclusions of the Panorama for clients in their offices in Europe. Only travel expenses will be charged at cost.
14 October 2017 © Gira 2017
7. A sample of Gira’s ‘blue-chip’ clients in the bakery
sector
15 October 2017 © Gira 2017
AB-Mauri IE European Union EUR Neuhauser BCS FR
AIBI Aisbl EUR Fazer FI Nudespa ES
AIT Ingrédients FR Fedima EUR Nutrixo-Grds Moulins Paris FR
Ankerbrot AT Ferrero FR Oetker-Condifa Ancel DE
Artadi Alimentacion ES Friesland Campina NL Orkla Food Ingredients NO
Aryzta CH Gemef Industries FR Pagen SE
Asemac ES Gourmand BE Panotel FR
Atrian Bakers ES Holder-Château Blanc FR Panamar Panaderos ES
Bellsola ES Ingredion DE Panzani FR
Berly's ES Intermarché FR Pasquier FR
Bimbo ES Ipasa ES Pastisart ES
Bridor FR Irinox IT Puratos PatisFrance BE
Carrefour FR JBT Food Tech SE Phil Savours FR
CEBP Aisbl EUR Kerry Ravifruits FR Pomona FR
Ceres HU La Lorraine Bakery Group BE Rabobank NL
CNIEL FR Lantmännen Unibake DK Rademaker NL
Cofalec EUR Leclerc Galec FR Rich Products Corp. USA
Complet FR Lesaffre FR Royale Lacroix BE
Confédération de la Boulangerie FR Lieken AG DE Sasa Industries FR
Coppenrath & Wiese DE Limagrains FR Smilde Bakery NL
Corman BE LLI Goodmills AT Solvay Aroma Performance FR
CSM Bakery Supplies NL Mademoiselle Desserts FR Système U FR
Danisco Dupont Nutrition DK Mane FR Transgourmet FR
Dawn Foods NL Mapple Leaf Foods CA Unigrà IT
Délifrance FR Mc Key Holdco FR Unigrains FR
Dutch Bakery NL Mecatherm FR Vaasan FI
East Balt DE Mitsui & co Benelux BE Valora CH
EDF FR Mondial Forni IT Valrhona FR
Eurogerm FR Monoprix FR Vandemoortele BE
Europain FR Moulins Soufflet FR Wolf Butterback DE
Europastry ES Nederlands Bakkerij Centrum NL Yamazaki Baking JP
European Flour Milling Association EUR Nestlé France FR Zeelandia NL
Country Reports Synthesis
APPENDIX:
Some extracts from the Panorama Reports
16 October 2017 © Gira 2017
Total bakery products consumption breakdown - Spain
Δ 06/11 Δ 11/16 Δ 16/21
(% pa) (% pa) (% pa)
Bread 2,300 2,162 2,123 2,126 -1.2% -0.4% 0.0%
Viennoiserie 474 512 538 555 1.6% 1.0% 0.6%
Patisserie 225 240 253 252 1.3% 1.1% -0.1%
Savoury pastry 47 56 62 69 3.6% 2.1% 2.2%
Total 3,046 2,970 2,976 3,002 -0.5% 0.0% 0.2%
Fresh 2,457 2,319 2,285 2,294 -1.1% -0.3% 0.1%
Packaged long life 539 591 621 629 1.9% 1.0% 0.3%
Packaged to bake 50 59 70 79 3.6% 3.3% 2.4%
Total 3,046 2,970 2,976 3,002 -0.5% 0.0% 0.2%
Source: Gira compilation
('000 t) 2006 2011 2016 2021f
Bread distribution channels – The Netherlands 2016
Industrial bakery products production - Estonia
Δ 06/11 Δ 11/16 Δ 16/21
(% pa) (% pa) (% pa)
Industrial fresh 3 4 4 4 3.0% 2.7% 1.0%
Bake-off 6 9 12 15 7.7% 6.0% 4.1%
Packaged long life 63 69 71 69 1.9% 0.4% -0.5%
Packaged to bake 1 1 2 2 11.0% 8.4% 3.5%
2021f
By
Technology
('000 tons baked weight - raw
weight for bake-off)2006 2011 2016
Patisserie production methods – Hungary - 2021
Top bakery companies – Denmark – 2015/2016
2015 t/o 2016 t/o Export
(EUR mio) (EUR mio) B V P SP Others RET WHOL OOH SHOP % t/oFresh
B2B
Bake-off
B2B
Packa-
ged B2C
Kohberg 127 127 xxx xx x x xx xx xx 10% x xxx xxx
Lantmännnen Unibake DK 123 185 xxx xx x x xx xx xx 15% x xxx xxx
Dan Cake 104 114 xxx xx xx xxx
Easyfood 29 35 xx xx xx xxx xx xx xx 12-15% xxx
Source: Gira compilation
CompanyProducts Distribution channels Technologies