The 13 Original The 13 Original

ColoniesColoniesSassoU.S. I

English Settlement in North America

0First and foremost- these are business enterprises0Try to make a profit on something (just not sure what

that is right away)0No real attempt to blend English society with local

culture/custom0Ultimately create distinct political/social institutions0Absolutely nothing goes according to plan

Roanoke (NC) 1584

0 Sir Walter Raleigh (and friends)

0 First Attempts by the English to colonize North America

0 Poor timing to the expedition; England gets caught up in conflict with Spain

0 Supplies are scarce 0 Colony is considered a failure,

but it gets the ball rolling for English colonization

Jamestown (VA) 1607

0 First successful English Settlement0 London Co. and Plymouth Co.-

joint-stock companies 0 144 men, 3 ships0 Initially looking to discover gold0 John Smith get credit as the

colony’s savior (in the physical sense)

0 John Rolfe becomes the economic savior- tobacco (“brown gold”)

0 Generally bad relationships with Native Americans

0 This becomes the first of the Southern colonies

0 Colony will eventually develop into VA

0 Develop representative govt.

Plymouth Colony (MA) 16200 Pilgrims0 Forced out of England and the

Netherlands before arriving in N.A.0 Joint-stock company (William

Bradford)0 Originally headed for VA; didn’t

quite work out0 35 “Saints” and 67 “Strangers”0 Mayflower Compact0 1st Winter is a disaster0 Fish/Fur for trade, some subsistence

farming, but generally a poor society0 “Religious Freedom”0 1st of the New England colonies, but

it doesn’t grow very large

Puritan Massachusetts Bay 1629

0 Other “Puritan” groups will start leaving England

0 MA Bay is founded by John Winthrop (original gangster)

0 Huge migration- 17 ships and 1,000 passengers

0 This group owns it’s charter no responsibilities to England

0 Congregations run the show0 MA colonies are theocracies- church & state

as one0 Many settlements spring up, including

Boston 0 MA Bay Puritans believed material wealth

may be evidence of God’s favor0 Native relations are dicey at best (King

Phillip’s War, etc.)0 This colony flourishes

Connecticut 16360 The discipline of Puritan MA Bay

does drive people away from the colony

0 Thomas Hooker settles CT0 Establishes Hartford0 New Haven develops shortly

thereafter 0 Looking for better land

opportunities and an escape from Puritan Mass Bay

0 Some drawbacks to the area- big Native American and Dutch presence (Pequot War w/ Natives)

0 Develop Fundamental Orders of CT0 Gives more Men the opportunity to

vote

Rhode Island 16360 “The Sewer of New England” 0 Founded by Roger Williams0 Engaging and controversial Mass

Bay minister0 Williams encouraged total

separation from the Church of England

0 Respectful of Natives; felt the land belonged to them

0 Expelled from MA Bay; heads south and establishes Providence

0 Initially all faiths free to worship0 Establish separate church and govt.0 Anne Hutchinson also heads here-

she challenges the role of women in Puritan society

0 Her followers will lead to further settlement in “Rogue’s Island”

New Hampshire 1637

0John Wheelwright and/or John Mason (depending on what you read)

0Follower of Anne Hutchinson

0Looking for religious toleration separate from the MA Bay Puritans

0Also looking for better land and fishing/farming opportunities

Maryland 1632

0 George Calvert a.k.a “Lord Baltimore”

0 Given a land grant that provides him with a kingly power (which was eventually passed to his son)

0 Initially relations with Natives are good (not for long)

0 Establishes MD for a variety of reasons:0 Real estate development0 Catholic refuge (all Christians

will be allowed)0 Vast amounts of natural

resources- esp. tobacco

The Carolinas 16630 8 proprietors- the most prominent is

Anthony Ashley Cooper (SC)0 Religious freedom provided to all

Christian faiths0 Establish a representative assembly0 Starts out as one large colony but will

eventually split along geographic lines0 North- tobacco farming, subsistence

agriculture, lumber/shipping0 South- fertile lands (rice and cotton),

great harbor, much more profitable and aristocratic society

0 Racially diverse society0 African slavery will firmly take hold

here

New York 1664

0 Originally settled by the Dutch0 James, Duke of York- granted all of

the territory between Maryland and Connecticut

0 English will bully the Dutch out of what was then “New Amsterdam”

0 Diverse region- there are a ton of different ethnicities and religions present

0 No true religious enforcement0 Grows exponentially as a result of

abundant trade potential0 Royal colony

New Jersey 1664

0 Lords Carteret and Berkeley0 Good land opportunities for

Manhattan overflow0 Originally a territory set up for

unorthodox Puritans0 West Jersey had a large

Quaker population0 Like NY, there is plenty of

diversity0 Mostly small farmers0 Some excellent ports0 Royal governor

Pennsylvania 1682-84

0 William Penn0 Bequeathed territory in England

and Ireland by his father0 Acquires PA as a land grant (debt

payment from King Charles II)0 The Society of Friends aka

Quakers0 Pacifists- choose not to participate

in wars of governments0 Successful and prosperous from

the outset0 Unbelievable planning and city

development0 Develop Legislative assembly

Delaware 1684

0 Originally settled by Swedes, and later purchased by William Penn

0 Like RI- very small0 Eventually separates from PA

after putting pressure on Penn0 Had its own legislative

assembly, but was originally controlled by PA governor

0 Not super profitable, but there is enough tobacco production to make the colony stable

Georgia 1732

0 James Oglethorpe0Prison colony0Used as a buffer between

English and Spanish territories

0Military discipline 0Will eventually develop like

SC in the agricultural sense, though not quite as profitable