Th3_Development of an Improved Stove for Small Scale Parboiling
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Transcript of Th3_Development of an Improved Stove for Small Scale Parboiling
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Development of an Improved Stove for Small Scale Parboiling
Audrey YankMichael Ngadi
Robert Kok
McGill University, Québec, Canada
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Introduction - Energy• Rice parboiling is an energy intensive process
• 80% of the energy in developing countries comes from biomass (UNEP, 2001)
• Low stove efficiency leads to high fuel demand and wood use
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Introduction - Health
• Smoke exposure affects the respiratory health
• 1.6 million people, mainly women and children, die every year as a result of the wood smoke (WHO, 2006)
Source: practicalaction.org/smoke-and-its-impact
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ObjectivesDevelop and test improved stoves for small
scale rice parboiling:
Reduce emission of air pollutant Increase thermal efficiency and reduce wood
requirements Increase user safety during rice parboiling
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3-Stone Stove Stove 1
Stove 2 (with grate) Stove 3 (with chimney)
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Water Boiling Test - Protocol
Low Power: Simmering
High Power: Warm Start
High Power: Cold Start
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Preliminary Results
Stove Type Cold Start Hot Start3-Stone Stove 42 51
Stove 1 28 23Stove 2
(with grate) 33 31
Stove 3 26 30
Table 1: Time to boil* 15L of water (min)
* Starting with 15◦C water temperature up to 98.7 ◦C
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Thermal Efficiency (%)
3-Stones Stove 1 Stove 2 Stove 30
5
10
15
20
25
30
Cold Start Hot Start Simmering
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Specific Fuel Consumption (g/L)
3-Stones Improved 1 Improved 2 Improved 30
100
200
300
400
500
Cold Start Hot Start Simmering
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Gas Emissions – Concentration (ppm)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 400
10
20
30
40 HydrocarbonsCarbon Monoxide
Time (min)
0
10
20
30
40
3-Stone Stove
Improved Stove
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Conclusion
• Improved wood stoves have the potential to significantly reduce the wood requirement for rice parboiling.
• The design of the wood stoves still needs to be optimized to reduce the emissions.
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Questions?
Thank You!Merci!