Th e F lo ra of S inga p o re .

BY H. N. R IDLEY .

Introduction . The i s l and o f S ingapore w i th the sma l li s l ands of Pu l au Ubi n and Pu l a u Tekong i n the Johore stra i tand a few sma l l e r ones ly i ng w i th i n Eng l i sh waters form th e

area the flora of wh i ch i s en u merated i n th i s paper . The who l ei s l i tt l e more than 200 square m i l e s i n extent and con s i sts ofu ndu l at i ng cou ntry , th e h ighest h i l l be i ng Buk i t T imah w ith an

a l t itude of 500 feet abo ve sea l e ve l . The Geo l ogy of the i s l andwas th e subject of a paper by Mr . J . R . Logan (Jou rn . As. Soc .

Beng. x v i . p . 5 1 9 , pub l i sh ed i n but u n fortunate ly h em u ch m i su nderstood i t, m i stak i ng sed i mentary rocks for vo lcan io ones . The b igger h i l l s , Buk i t T imah , Buk i t Manda i , andTan jong Go l , are composed of a grey gran ite , wh ich crops outagai n near Baj au , Changi and P u la u U b i n . The rest of thei s l and is co ve red w i th sed i men tary deposi ts of c l ay s , gra ve l s ,and sands

,often very ferrug i nou s and permea ted w i th bands of

c l ay - i ron stone , very much resemb l i ng that of some of th e VV ea lden beds i n K en t . Th is olay iron - stone has u n fortu nate ly rece i vedthe name of Late r ite h ere , a name proper ly app l i ed to so i l s bakedby a l a va -flow ,

or o the r vo lcan ic heat. These sed imen tary rocksh ave ne ver prod uced any foss i l s e xce p t some obscu re traces o fvege tab l e rema i n s . They appear to ha ve bee n der i ved f romd i s i ntegrated and decomposed gran i te , th e i ronstone band sbe i ng formed i n many cases a t a m uch l a ter date . No bor i ngsof any depth ha v i n g been made it i s i m poss i b l e to say ho w deepthese strata are but i t i s probab l e that th ey are of very greatth i ckness and comparat i ve l y modern , as appears to be the casei n Se l angor and e l sewhere . I n the sou th of th e i s l and i n somespots the strata are very strong l y u phea ved

Or ig i na l l y th e i s l and appears to ha ve been covered w i th adense forest, e xce pt a l ong th e mangrove edged r i vers and the

sandy tract of cou n try ly ing between Tan jon g Ru and Chang ipoi n t. But soon a fter i t was acqu i red , a great dea l of th i s forest

2 8 THE FLOR A OF SI NGAPORE .

was fe l l ed,part ly for th e va l u e of the t i mber and part l y for cu l

tivation . Late r a very l arge proport i on of th e c l eared groundwas abandoned , and became covered w i th secondary grow th , orl a l ang ,

and every year s t i l l sees the d i sappearance of somewood land

,so that i n se ve ra l of th e l oca l i t i e s q uo ted for certa i n

p l a nts i n th i s l i st , s u ch as Ang Mo K io , few traces of any nat i vep l an ts can n ow be found . The names o f many v i l l ages and d i stricts are taken from trees wh ich doubt l ess p l en t i fu l fi fty yearsago are now e i ther very scarce o r qu i te ex t i n ct . S u ch a reK ran j i Chang i ( Ba l a noca rpus) , Tampenis (S loetia side

rony l on ) , Tanjong Ru, the Cape of Casu ar i nas , Kampong Ge lam ,

the v i l l age of Jfl e/a /enca . Ex ten si ve ly as th e i nd i genou s flora h asbeen destroyed i n th i s wa y , I ha ve succeeded i n fi nd ing most ofth e p l an ts co l l ected here by \V a l l ich i n 1822 ; and of th ose ment ioned i n h i s Cata log ue wh ich Iha ve no t recovered , some a t l eastwere e vi den t l y wrong l y l oca l i s ed , ha v i ng been probab ly co l l e ctedi n Penang . Many of the trees

,howe ver

,wh i ch were probab ly

former ly more abundant , are represen ted now by si ng l e specimen s .

A fe w fa i r ly l arge and represen tat i ve tracts of j u ng le rema i n ,and thou gh i n most cases m u ch of th e more va l u ab le t i mber hasbeen removed

, these contai n th e most var i ed and i n terest i n gport i on s o f th e flora . Among th e biggest trees th ere i n are theDiptet ocarpere, Dycra ,

Dz

'

clmpsz’

s , Irre'

ngz'

a , m passz’

a , s pec i es o fz l l a ngifem ,

A r tocarpus and Tarr z'

etza . Mixed w i th these aren umerou s sma l l e r trees and sh ru bs o f a l l o rders

,w i th rattans ,

and o th er pa l ms , and espec i a l ly i n rocky spots and dam p watercou rses , are grou nd orch ids , Scitam inese , aro id s , fern s , Eberma z

’

era ,

(fit/Mamb a? and many o ther sma l l er p lan ts . Heretoo grow the cu r i o u s l i tt l e saprophytes Sc iaph z

’

la ; A l i /igl

lorclz z'

s,B ummnm

’

a, etc. Many c l i mbi ng p l an ts su ch as Unca r z

'

a ,

B aubi n z’

a , S tryc/m os and Gnetum form h uge l i anesc l i mbi ng to th e tops of the trees and cover ing th em w i th a matof fo l i age . On the bran ch es of the l oft i e st tree s grow manyepi phy tes no t met w i th e l sewhere

,orch ids

,fern s , su ch as th e

rare Da vn l lm i’lzododendron , V a ccz

'

m um andand i t i s i n teresti n g to n ote tha t man y of these p l an ts , wh i ch i nth e l o w cou n try grow on l y on th i s e l e vated pos i t io n , are to bemet w i th as terrestr i a l or rock p lan ts at greate r e l e vat i on s i n thepen i n su la . The banks of th e l arger streams and r i vers and a

THE FLORA O F SI NG AP ORE . 2 9

good port io n of th e coas t l i n e where m ud i s de pos i ted a re edgedw i th a th ick mangro ve j ung l e com posed of s

'

z op/zora cere ( Rh iz olflzo ra , B ruguz

’

em , Ccr z'

ol i s) Ca ra/m ,L tunnz

’

tz era, s

'

cenn z'

a

and'

H erz'

tz‘

era on th e branches of wh i ch grow abu ndance of sma l lorch ids , fe rn s , L c /aodi ttm,

P s z’

l otmn,H eptapl eurum, P a chg/ cen trz

'

a,

Al edz'

m'

ZIOpS is an d othe r ep i phytes , wh i le i n th e mud on su itab l es pots grow su ch herbaceou s p l an ts as A ca nt/ws

, Cryptocorg/ ne

c i l z’

a ta, Tr istcl la tez

'

a, Oct/zoclmm

'

s and some p eraceae and grasses .

I n l and j u st beh i nd th e mangro ves the grou nd i s o f ten sandyand covered w i th woods of compara tive ly sma l l tree s , E ugen ia ,P orloca rpus , Gelom

'

um, A r i/ term Afz el z

’

a,etc .

,wi th c l u mps of the

Nibu ng pa l m ( Oncospernm and on these and on th e

grou nd grow many orch id s , Cz'

rrh Opeta lum, B u lbop/zyl lum, Occlo

gi/ne, P l ocogl ottz’

s , P l a tycl im’

s , and E r ie .

The coast l i n e from Tanjong Ru to Chang i i s a l so ve rysandy , and here i s a very d i st i n c t flora m uch resemb l i ng tha twh i ch borders the Pah ang r i ve r n ear i ts mou th . It i s r i ch in

grasses and sedges, Kyra

’

s, qa notz

’

s , and o th er he rbaceou s p l an ts ,w i th bu sh es of R lzodomayr iu s, L euGO/ i ogon , C

'appar z

’

s,

Eugen ia , etc . Unfor tunate ly a great port i on of th i s d i stri c t hasbeen pu t under cocon u t c u l t i vat i on , and th e greater par t of theflora h as d i sappeared

,except at Chang i po i nt where it st i l l

rema i n s.A s a very l arge port io n of th e i s l and h as been c l eared and

cu l t i va ted,and often abandoned

, th ere are very l arge t ractscovered e ither w i th La lang ( l mp era ta cy l z

'

ndr z’

ca ) o r fern e i therGlez

’

c/zem'

a L inea : is or b racken , P ter z’

s aquz’

l in a or i n swampy spotsw i th Solemn to the exc l u s ion of a l mos t e very th ing e l se . i n

many p l aces howe ver secondary grow th has spru ng u p (Be l ukar) . Th i s co nsi sts of sma l l trees or sh rubs of Jl a ca rrmga javam

’

ca

and J[. l zylao lectcrt , R /zodamn z'

a tr z’

nerr z’

a,Adz

’

na ndra dumosa , V i l c a:

pubescens , Jl elastoma po lya nt/zum,A rc/wi re V a /z l z z ,

and a few o thers .

In waste ground near v i l l ages and i n cu l t i vated spo ts are an u mber ofweed s

,many ofwh i ch are we l l known as very w i de

l y d i str i bu ted p l an ts , and most of wh ich have probab l y beeni n trod uced acc iden ta l l y o r i n ten t i ona l l y at n o very grea t d i stan ce o f t i me . These weeds i nc l ude mos t o f th e Compos i tcc ,G rasses , Lat inas and probab l y a l l the Unzbel l tfem ' and 5 0 1mm

30 THE FLORA OF SI NGA POR E .

new. It i s pe rhaps worth n ot i ng tha t v ery fe w of th ese areto be found i n V Va l l ich ’s co l l ect i o n made i n 1 822

,show i ng that

i n a l l probabi l i ty they were i ntroduced a t a l ater da te Amongthese weeds one or two are i n teres ti ng as no t occu rr i ng i n I nd ia ,such are (

‘

l z’

tor ia cry'

anso l z’

a , an d Cleome a cu lm ta , bo th Sou thAmeri can p l an ts , wh ich a l so occu r as weeds i n Ja va

,when ce

probabl y th ey were carr i ed acc iden ta l ly to S i n gapore .

The flora geograph i ca l l y speak i ng i s typ ica l l y Ma layan , andresemb l es as m igh t be ex pec ted that of Johore

,and to a cer ta i n

exten t tha t of th e ne ighbou r i ng coas t of Sumatra . A few p lan tso ccu rr i ng here are as far as i s known endem i c, but i t i s probab l etha t most w i l l be re-d i scovered i n the ne igh bou r i ng cou ntr ie swhen they are more thorough ly exp lored . These endem icp l an ts no t known to occu r e l sew here are marked w i th aThe absence of cer ta i n p l an ts common i n th e pen in su l a i s somewhat remarkab l e , su ch are B u rg/ a a rum z

’

nam and Grewz’a umbel a

l a ta ,and th ere are severa l s tr i k i ng p l an ts to be found on the

n eigh bou ri ng i s l and s , and on the coas t of Johore,espec i a l l y n ea r

Tan jong K upang , wh ich are qu i te absen t from ou r flora . Of the

nat i ve flora i t wi l l be not i ced that th e greater n u mber of p l an tsare ei ther trees or sh r ubs , herbaceou s p l an ts be ing comparat i v ely scarce i n th e fores ts . and ch iefly to be fou nd i n th e opencou n try i n th e sandy d i s tr ict of the coast . Those of th e forestregi on bei ng u sua l l y ep iphytes , orch ids , P i peraceae , or S c i tamineae, aroi ds , grasses and sedges , with a few saprophy tes .

The most ex ten s i ve ly represen ted ord ers here are those o fth e E uphobz

’

acem, Urticacecc, Rubiacetc and O rcln'

tlece. Thevar i ety of the l atter w i l l s u rpr i se many res iden ts who ha ve probab l y seen no t more than one or two spec i es g row i ng w i l d h ere

,

but. th e fact that th ese p l an ts are very l oca l a nd frequen t l yoccu r on the u pper bran ch es of the l o f t i est trees , where theyare d ifficu l t to see and to obta i n , accoun ts for the i r be i ng sooften o verlovked. The l arges t genera are those of the Fi gs( F icus) and n u tmeg

A s i n most equa tor i a l regi on s, th e n u mber of speci es i n

proport i on to the n u mber of i nd i v id ua l s i s very l arge . A Ma l ayj ung l e cons i s ts of i n n u merab l e trees

,sh ru bs and c l i mbers

,a l l

apparen t l y d i st i n ct, and i nd i v i d ua l s o f any one Spec ies occu rr i ngsi ng ly here and there , o ften very far apar t, so that these fores ts

THE FLORA OF S I NGA PORE . 3 1

have a ve ry d i fferen t appearance from th ose of th e more tem

perate zon es , wh i ch frequen t ly con si s t of but one or two k i nds .

The con tras t i s we l l seen i n compar i ng th e Eng l i sh flora w i ththat of S i n gapore . I n S i ngapore w i th an area of 200 squarem i l e s we h ave ove r Spec i es of floweri ng p l an ts , wh i l e thefl ora o f th e B r it i sh I s l e s W i th an area of square m i l esproduces but spec i es , wh i l e o f fe rn s we h ave h ere o ver130 Speci es , near l y dou b l e the n umber i n Eu rope , and more thanthree t i mes the n u mber i n th e Br i t i sh I s l es .

Seasons . There i s no great amoun t of d i fference i n the

rai n fa l l th roughou t th e year , a l though as a r u l e hea v i e r fa l l soccu r i n December and Jan uary than a t other t i mes , so tha tp l an ts h ere ha ve n o defi n i te re st i ng per iod s and are near l y a l ltr u ly e vergreen . Certa i n p l an ts , however such as Cra toxy l o n

fom osu 'n and F icus Miquel i i sh ed a l l th ei r l ea ves a t to lerab ly re

gu lar i nte rva l s , rema in i n g qu i te bare for onc *or two days , whenthe you ng shoots beg i n to un fo ld , and i n a few days they areq u i te l eafy agai n . Th i s change i s o ften but no t a l ways fo l l owed i mmed iate ly by the appearan ce of the flowers

,and ofte n th e

young l ea ves th u s prod uced are o f a br igh ter green , or br i l l i an tred , orange , wh ite or b l ue . Th i s ch ange takes p l ace u sua l lyth ree or fou r t i mes a year , and e very t ree of the k i nd in th e

d i s tr i ct u ndergoes th e change on the same day . It i s no t t i l lw e get nor th o f Penang that we fi nd a defi n i te per i od o f rest inwh i ch a l l or a l most a l l p l an ts sh ed the i r l ea ves a l together and

become qu i te t are . A good ser i es of observa ti on s on thesephaeno l og ica l phenomena wou l d probab ly th row l i gh t on th e

cau ses of these i rregu l ar season s .

V ery few p l an ts h ave a defi n i te flower i ng mon th . A l argen umber flower more or l ess s tead i ly th roughou t the year .O th ers flower a t regu l ar per iod s th ree or fou r t i mes a year ,a l most e very p l an t of a g i ve n k i nd flower i ng s i mu l taneou s l y i nthe d i str ict . Th i s i s bes t known i n th e case of th e P i geon orch id ,

Dcn t lrobium crumena tum . I n th i s p l an t th e flowers are produ ceda t per i od s of a l i tt l e o ve r a mon th , or two mon th s . The e xactday d i ffe rs i n d ifferen t parts of th e pen in su l a , but i n each d i str ic tthey a l l appear i n the same day , and i t i s remarkab l e tha t p l an tsbrough t to S i ngapore e ven f rom as fa r north as S i am open th e i rflowers o n the day for S i n gapore , and no t on tha t for S i am . It

32 TIIE FLOR A OF S I NGA POR E .

i s no t rare howe ver to fi nd certa in p l an ts of P i geon orch id w h i chdo no t flower on the regu lar day ,

but have a d i st i n ct day wh i chthey appear to keep to w i th equa l regu l ar i ty . A cu r iou s fact i sthat another speci es of Dendi '

obi 'um (D . cr i n iferzun ) i n var i ab l yflowers i n S i n gapore on th e day preced ing that of I) . cruwena tum,

whenever th at happens to be. It m igh t be though t tha t theweather i n the di str i ct i n w h ich the p l an t was grow i ng was th e

i nfl uenc i n g agen t , but th i s appears to ha ve but l i tt l e e ffe ct on th eorch ids . On one occas ion (Dec . 5 , 1 893) the p igeon orch id sde ve l oped th ei r flowers so far tha t they were ob vi ou s l y ready toope n them on that day , but an ex traord i nar i ly heavy ra i n re tard edthem

,and the flowers Opened the nex t day , but e xcept i n case s l i ke

th i s th e wea ther prev iou s to the floweri ng does no t seem to makeany d i fference to th e da te of flower i ng . Some few p l an ts ha vea regu l ar an n ua l flower i ng season , s u ch are C

'

a l ant/i e cu rcu l i

go ides i n September , an d Gramma tcphy l lum,Ju ly and A ugu st .

A certa i n nu mber of trees flower on ly e very fi fth year,no tabl y

the Dz

’

p teroca rpew. Every fi fth year there appears to be ana verage h igher temperatu re , and a per iod of greater d ryness i nMay or June than i n o th er years , and then and on l y then i s i tpossi b l e to obta i n flowers of these trees . Su ch trees are mos t ofthe Dip tew ca rpem, Kunstler i , Ga reya sp. I n th i scase a l so a l l th e p l a n ts i n a g i ven d i str i ct fl ower s i m u l taneous l y .

It can eas i ly be u nders tood tha t i t i s very i mpor tan t to a p l an tthat a l l shou ld fl ower on the same day i n order that they may becross- fert i l i zed by th e i n sec ts that v i s i t them , and th i s i s e speci a l lythe case i n p l an ts i n wh ich the flowers l ast but a s i ng l e day , asi n th e case of the P i geon orch id , but i t i s difli cul t to see howt h i s i s brough t abou t. A good many trees seem to flower e ve nless often than th i s and there a re no t a few wh ich th oughapparen t ly f u l l grown hea l thy trees h a ve no t gi ven flowers once111 ten years .

Co l o rs 0/ fl owers .

is we l l k nown the co l ors of flowers depend to a l a rgeex ten t on the k ind of i n sec t fer ti l i zer for wh i ch they are dest i n edto pro ve a ttract i ve . The mos t abu ndan t i nsects in th e th i ckj ung l e are the fl i e s (Di/ i tem ) an d these appear often i n enormou sabu ndance when cer ta i n trees are i n b l oom . The Oak s and

THE FLORA OF SI NGAPORE . 33

Chestn u ts , S'

indora and l i'

u rri /n za are par ticu lar l y a ttracti ve to

them and th e roar of th e i r w i ngs can be h eard of ten at somed i stance from th e tree . The ch i e f of these fl i e s i s a b l ack M a son

w i th red eyes . The flowers of fly - fer ti l i zed p lan ts a re u sua l ly sma l land green or wh i t ish , genera l ly possessi ng an u np l easant odor .Smal l e r herbaceou s p l an ts grow i ng i n dark shady woods o ftenhave dee p brown i sh pu rp l e flowers somet i mes wi th an odor o fcarr ion

,a t oth ers swee t and aromatic , s uch are A mo rp /zoP/za l lus ,

T/i otl ea ,Tacca and man y orch id s . These are a l so fly

- fer t i l i zed .

Many trees p roduce masse s of wh i te flowers i n l a rge pan ic l es orcorymbs . These are very a ttra c ti ve to bu tte rfl i e s and bees ,s u ch are many of th e Eugen ias , E vodi a ,

R /zodamn ia , and Jll el an

n orrh ea . I ha ve no ti ced as show i ng th e bear ing of the co lor o fth e flowers on i n sect V i s i tors

,that wh i l e E u yen i tt l i nea ta w i th

corymbs of wh i te fl owers attrac ts i n n u merab l e bu tterfl i e s andbees and th e po l l en - eat ing fl i e s ano ther spec i es of Eugen ia with app l e -green flowers , wh i ch i s g row i ng c l ose by wasno t v i s i ted ei ther by bu tterfl ies or bees , bu t by fl ies s i m i l a r to thosewh ich v i s i t th e oaks . P i n k flower s are n o t so common , and areu sua l l y v i s i ted by bees

,as a re the deep red b l ossoms of Ora tory/

l on a rborescens , Gomp/z ia H ookeri , and B u rg/coma . Scar l e t andbrigh t reds are rare i n S i ngapore except i n i n troduced p l an ts ,but we h ave a l so th e beau t i fu l A cscl zyna n z/z us , Rh ododendron ,some Lora nt/i i , and some speci es of Il ornstedti n . The red flowersare mos t a ttract i ve to th e Sun - bi rds , and to bu tterfl i es. B righ tye l l o w flowers are ch i efly to be met w i th i n open cou n try espec i

a l l y near th e sea ; s uch are IV edel ia ,Xy r i s , P /z i lydru rn , Utr icu l ar i a

(mos t) , l V or /ni a , Timon i us , and (J ump/ti n suma tra na . The rares tco l or of a l l i s b l u e

,wh i ch i s a l so to be met w i th a l mos t e xc l u

s ively i n O pen spots . B u r /nann i a coelesti s , Jo nunel i na , ( f

'

ya no ti s ,

Ur ti cu lar i a afii n i s , E co l ou lus , Dasmodiu n lzez‘erol'

z /cy l

l am, are a l mos t th e on l y na t i ve b l u e flowers here .

V i s i tor s to the tropics are often su rpri sed by the apparen tpau c i ty and i n consp icuou sness of th e flower s . Th is i s par t lyd ue to th e enormou s propor ti o n of fo l i age , wh ich con cea l s theflowers , but the fac t t h a t th e grea ter n umber of o u r fl owers areadapted for fe r ti l i zat i on by Di p tera and sma l l Hymenop te ra

, the

most abu ndan t i n sec ts i n the fores ts , and are con sequen t l y sma l land green or wh i ti sh , accoun ts to a l arge ex ten t for the sma l l

u

D

34 THE FLOR A OF SI NGAPORE .

amou n t o f show tha t th e b l ossoms make i n the great masses o ffoh age.

B otan i sts. The n u mber o f bo tan i s ts who have co l l ected ors tud i ed th e flora of S i ngapore i s even more l i m i ted than that ofPenan g . The fi rs t of them was na tu ra l l y S i r S ta in/o :d Rafi cs

wh o a ided by l V i l l i am Jae/c made ex ten s i ve co l l ec t i on s . a l l o r a lmos t a l l ofwh ich we re des troyed i n th e bu rn i ng of th e Fame .

( Fo r an accou n t o f Jack and some o the rs of th e S i ngapore botan is ts , see Jou rna l 25 , p . Short ly af ter th e fou nd ing of S i n gapore Na tha n iel l V a l l ic/i came to S i ngapore to recu perate a fte rh i s grea t Nepaul ex ped i t i on . He rema i ned here abo u t fi vemon th s and es tab l i sh ed th e fi rst Botan i c Garden , Nov . 1 822 ,be i ng Su per i n tenden t of i t. Th i s Garden , cons i st i n g o f 48 acre s ,i n c l uded th e Go vernmen t Garden on what i s n ow known as For tCann i ng B i ll . Af ter h e retu rn ed to Ca l cu tta , Jan . 1823, Dr .

Mo ntgomer ie took charge of the Gard en t i l l 1827 . W a l l i chseems to h a ve prom i sed to send an ass i s tan t from Ca l cu tta Gard en s

,but did no t do so . The Garden , wh i ch ch iefly con ta i ned

N u tmegs and C l oves , was a l o l ished la ter , and no trace o f i t re

mai n s . Dr. W a l l ich seems to have taken some i n teres t i n th e

deve l opmen t o f S i ngapore , andwas one of a comm i ttee of th reeto fi x on the s i te of th e town . He bu i l t a hou se , Bo tany Ha l l ,to s tay i n d u r i ng h i s res iden ce h ere.

H is co l l ec ti on of d r ied p l an ts was an ex tens i ve one , andwas e ven tu a l ly d istr ibu ted w i th the rest of the Eas t I nd i a Company

’

s h erba riu ni . The grea ter n u mber o f speci es w h ich h edi sco ve red he re I h ave been ab l e to fi nd sti l l i n S i ngapore , butsome appear to ha v e q u ite van i sh ed . Th i s i s no t su rpr i s i ngwh en i t i s remembered that a t that t i me th e d i s tr i ct i n w h i ch h ewas co l l ec t i ng ,

c i z . th e n eighbou rhood o f th e tow n , was th i ckj u ng l e

,o f wh i ch near l y e very trace has now di sappea red unde r

cu l t i vat i on . I n h i s Cata l ogue many of th e p la n ts are loca l i sed“ S i n gapore et Pen ang ,

” and as I no te tha t many o f th ese arestr ict l y h i l l p l an ts occu rr i ng a t a h igh er e l e va t i on than th erei s i n S i ngapore , I take i t that these p l an ts were i n a co l l ec t i onof wh i ch th e exact l oca l i ty was los t

,and tha t the l abe l pe rh aps

shou l d h a ve been ra th er “ S i n gapore or Penang . Some fe whowever o f th e spec imen s l abe l l ed as from th i s region h a ve n e ve rs i nce been fou nd i n the pen i nsu l a

,e . g . Xy l ia do l abr i/o rmis , a

THE FLORA OF SI NGA PORE . 3 5

we l l known I nd ian tree , an d i t i s probab l e tha t the l oca l i ty i sq u i te wrong .

Co l . Farquli ar , th e fi rst Res ident of S i ngapore , and Joh n

P r ince, Residen t Cou n ci l l o r i n 1827 , who took a l i tt l e i n terest i nthe botany of the i s land , are commemorated i n the names ofsome p l ants , 8 . g . n r istica F arw’

za r ia na ,and E rycibe P r i ncei ,

bu t l i tt l e was done i n botan i ca l research for man y years . I n o rab ou t 1839 , H ug/z Owni ng we l l k n own for h i s i mmense botan i ca la nd con cho l og ica l co l l e c t i on s i n the Ph i l i pp i nes , v i s i ted S i ngapore and a l so ascended Mou n t O ph i r . W h i l e in th e S tra i ts h eseems to have ch i efly de voted h im se l f to co l l ect i n g orch i d s

,and

to ha ve sen t home a n umber o f l i ve ones , among wh i ch wereCoelogyne C

'

u /ni ny i , and Dendrobium l ongico l le. l V i l l i am L obb ,

orch id co l lector for Mess rs V ei tch , v i s i ted Penang and S i ngaporein 1845 , bu t as ment i oned i n Jou rna l 2 5 , p . 1 66 , h i s speci men sfrom the Stra i ts Sett l emen ts , Ja va and I nd ia were a l l m i xed upi n d i s tr i bu t i on , so tha t h i s l oca l i t i es a s q uoted i n books are qu i tedou btfu l . Su rgeon -Genera l M a ingog/ d ur i ng h i s res id ence i nS i ngapore made ex tens i ve co l l ect i on s

,but many of th ese aga in

were i r regu l ar l y l abe l l ed,and some menti oned i n th e F l ora of

B r i t i sh I nd ia as from S i ngapore were p robab ly e i the r co l l ectedi n Ma l acca or Penang .

M r . M a r l on th e fi rst head of the presen t Botan ic Garden s ,1875 to 1880 , co l l ec ted a n umber of p l an ts , o f wh ich a fewwere sen t to Kew ,

and a fe w,ch iefly fern s are s ti l l i n th e Bo ta

n i c Garden s Herbari u m . N. Ca n tl ey , w ho su cceeded h im ,em

p l oyed co l l ectors and obtai ned a very l arge n umber of Spec imens

,bu t u n fortunate ly ha rd ly any were str ict ly l oca l i sed

,and

many l abe l l ed from S i ngapore i n the h erbar i u m , are e i ther cu l t ivated p l an ts or from some par t o f the pen i nsu l a , so tha t i n mos tcases I ha ve been u nab l e to quote safe ly from h i s h e rbar i u m .

Among o ther co l l ectors whose names appear i n books,asso

o inted to a sma l l e x ten t w i th S i ngapore p l an ts , shou l d be ment ioned, Dr. Th omas 0 x l ey , who w rote some papers i n Logan’sJou rna l

,one o f wh i ch dea l t w i th th e F l ora of S i ngapore

, bu t

ch iefly w i th Econom i c p l an ts , wh i l e o ther papers t reat o f Nutmegs and Gu tta pero lta . He seems to ha ve co l l ec ted p l an ts ,say i ng that he h ad co l l ec ted between 40 and 50 orch id s

, but

what became of h i s co l l ect i on s and manu scr i pts , I can not find

3 6 THE FLOR A OF SI NGA PORE .

out . He d ied i n or abou t 1858.

S i r R obert S ch o inburf/ lr

, we l l known for h i s exp l orat i on s i nG u i ana

,where h e d i sco v ered the V i ctor i a reg ia

,was appo i n ted

i ri tish Con su l i n S iam i n 1 857 . He v i s i ted S i n gapore and co l

lected a few p l an ts there , wh i ch h e sen t to Kew ,and wh ich were

descr ibed i n th e F l ora of Br i ti sh I nd ia . Some of th em ,howe ve r

,

were e v i den t ly obtai ned from gardens .

Dr . T. A nderson 1832 to 1 870 , was Di rector of Ca l cu ttaBotan i c Gard en s . He appears to h ave v i s i ted S i ngapore a t

some t i me,and obta in ed se ve ra l p l an ts of i n teres t . He de vo ted

h imse l f to the A ca ntlza ceae, and E ra nfl zemu rn A nderson i Mast,a

common garden p l an t here was named after h i m .

Mr . R . l ff'

. Hu l l etl made some years ago an exce l l en t he rbari u m of S i ngapore p l an ts , wh i ch h e e ven tu a l ly presen ted to

the Bota n ic Garden s . Du p l icate spec imen s we re sen t to Kewand to Ca l cu tta , where th ev were named

,and severa l n ew spe

c i e s hear h i s name .

I n th e fo l l ow i ng l i st a l l p l an ts w i th n o co l l ec tor’s nam ewere obta i ned by my se l f or by na ti ve co l l ec tors empl oyed a t

th e Ga rden s,a nd th e n u mbers at tached are those o f my d i s

tribu tio n - ser ies . Endem i c speci e s , no t yet k nown from e l sewhere are marked w i th an asteri sk and i n trodu ced p l an ts , wh ichh a ve no t proper ly estab l i sh ed themse l ves but wh i ch occu r inwas te gro u nd and th e l i ke

,are i nc l uded i n bracke ts , The

Mosses, Li ch en s , Fung i and A l gae , are deferred . Co l l ecti on s o f

these ha ve been made and subm i tted to experts,and I h ope to

pub l i sh an accou n t of them a t a la ter date .

THE FLO RA OF S I NGA PO RE . 3 7

DICOTY L EDONS .

DILLENIACE /E .

Tetracera A ssa Dec . A scramb l i ng sh rub often form in g th i ckets,

flowers wh i te or p i n k i sh . Common i n open coun try,Ba

lestier p l a i n , Sepoy l i nes , For t Cann i ng ,Chang i .

T. A ssa var . Garden Ju ng l e . A ve ry differen t look iug p l an t ,but Dr. K in g cons ide rs i t on ly a l arge form .

T. euryandra V a h . C l i mbe r no t rare,C l uny Road

,K ranj i .

T. ma croplzyl la W a l l . C l i mber common i n woods,but se l dom

to be fou nd i n fl ower . Tang l i n , etc .

T. fagifo l ia B l . No t common . \V oods, Garden Jung l e , Sel itar.

l l'

ormz’

a . Large sh rubs or trees w i th showy ye l l ow or wh i teflowers .

sufi’ru / z

’

cosa Gr i ff. A l arge bu sh i n damp open cou n try .

The flower s are abo u t 3 i nch es across br igh t ye l l ow .

The fru i ts when r ipe Sp l i t O pen l i ke a s tar and are rosyp i n k i n s i de

,w i th sma l l b l ack seeds co vered w i th a scar l e t

ar i l . The l ea ves are rather cu r i o u s f rom th e way i nw h ich the wi nged pe t i o l e s are c l osed o ver the bud s . It

fl owers constan t l y a l l the year . Tang l i n,Ju ron g

,P u l a u

Ubi n,Pu l au Tekong .

pu lc/zel la Jack . A sma l l bushy‘

tree w i th ova l deep greenl eaves and pa l e ye l lo w flowers . It grows i n wet p l aces

,

Tang l i n, B u k i t Timah Road .

tomentel la B l . A ta l l s tou t tree . Garden j ung l e, Sel itar ,

B uk i t T imah .

Scor l ec/z z'

m z K i ng . A sma l l tree w i t h i ncon sp i cu ou s apeta lou s flowers . Rare , Garden Jung l e .

81) n ear IV . oblongifo l ia ,but ha v i ng an thers ha i ry a l l o ver

and wh i te flowers . Buk i t Manda i .

38 THE FLOR A OF SI NGAPORE .

Di l lenz’

a z‘

ndz‘

ca L . Th i s grand tree w i th i ts h u ge wh i te flowersi s dou bt fu l l y w i l d h ere . It occurs n ear the R eser vo i r ,B uk i t Pan j an g .

MAGNOL IACEZE .

Th i s order , ch iefly of trees o f the h i l l d i str i cts , i s not nu

represented h ere .

Ta l auma l an z‘

gera Hook . fi l . A l arge bu sh rath er than a treew i th l arge wh i te flowers and st i ff d ark gree n l eaves .Damp woods , near Chan Ch u K ang , Ang Mo K io , K ran j i ,Choa Ch u K ang .

T. elega ns M iq. A romadendron elegans B l . A ta l l treew i thgrey bark abou t 40 feet ta l l and a foot thr ough . F l owersw h i te swee t- scen ted . Rare . Garden Ju ng l e.

Kadsura cau l ifl o ra B l . A c l i mber w ith rou gh corky bark androsy flowers grow i ng on the stem . Garden j u ng l e

,

B uk i t Ti mah , Krauji .

Ii’

. scandens B l .“ Akar Dama Dama . Forests , Buk it T i mah ,

Bajau .

To th i s order a l so be l on g th e Champak s M ic/rel ic: C/zampaka ,and M . l ongifo l z

’

a B l . often c u l t i vated for thei r s wee t flowers .

ANONACEZE.

iS'

telec/zoca rpus B ura lz o l Hook . fi l . “ S i n gapore Lobb. Th i sJavanese p l an t has n ever aga in been co l l ected i n the peni n su la an d i s probab ly w rong ly l oca l i sed .

( fir/arbostemma Scortec/cz'

m'

i K ing . A big c l i mber bear i ng sma l lgreen fl ower s on th e s tem , and ra ther l arge orange fru i ts .Common Garden j ung l e , Bidadari , Buk i t Ti mah , Ju rong ,P u l au Ubi n .

C. H ookerz‘

K ing . Not common . F lowers y e l l ow . Garden j u ng l e .

Ura rz’

a . C l i mbers w i th pu rp l e rare l y ye l l ow flowers .

U. da lea’

s Duna l . Rare , Buk i t Ti mah .

THE FLO RA OF SI NGAPO RE . 3 9

U. L obbia na Hook . fi l . Garden j u ng l e ,

U. R idleI/ i K ing . Buk i t Manda i .

U. macroIJhy l la Roxb . Common a l l o ver S i n gapore .

U. h i rsu ta Jack . V ery ha i ry , flower s bri gh t red . Garde n j ung l e,

Chang i . etc . Common .

U. subrepa ndu S i n gapore (Wa l l ich No . A veryl i tt l e known spec ies , on ly co l l ected by W a l l i ch .

E l l ipez’

a cuneifo l ia Hook . fi l . A l o f ty c l i mber w i th ye l l owflowers . Common . Garden Jung l e , Reservoi r Woods .

Cc/a t/roca lyx vi rga tus K ing . A sma l l tree w i th green flowers .Rare , Buk i t T i mah (Hu l l ett ) .

C. JIa z'

ngz yz’

Hook . fi l . (Cautley’

s co l l ect i on .) Perhaps wrongly l oca l i sed .

A rtabotrys . C l imbers w i th wh i te or green flowers , and very cu r iou s woody books by wh i ch th e p lan t c l i mbs .

A . i ag/ i K i ng . F lowers l arge. C l u ny Road , Buk i t Manda i .

A . suaveo lens B l. F lowers sma l l . Common a l l o ver S i n gapore .

A . Jl a z'

ngagj i Hook . fi l . Tang l i n .

Drepanan t/rus prumferus Mai ng . Anto i h i tam . A ta l l strai gh ttree . Garden j ung l e , K ran j i .

Unona disco lo r V ah l . “ Akar Darah . Garden j ung l e .

U. dumosa Roxb . C l u ny Road .

l ongi /i ora Roxb . Common , K ran j i , Buk i t T i mah , Jurong ,

Garden j u ng l e .

dasr/masch a l a B l . Common , B uk it Mandai . Chan Ch u K angGarden j u n g l e .

desmant/ra Hook . f . A sma l l tree w i th ye l l ow flowers , Common

, Garden j ung l e , Chang i , Chan Ch u K ang .

40 THE FLORA O F SI NGA PORE .

U. stenopela la var. A smal l tree w i th buff- co l ored flowers .

den j u ng l e,Chang i , Buk i t Ti mah .

P o l ya l tlz z‘

a . Sma l l to med i u m - s ized trees.

P . suma tra zw K i ng . F l owe rs green , fr u i t p i n k w i th darke rch es

,rare . Chan Ch u Kang .

P . Scor l ec/ri n i i K in g . Kenanga h u tan . A fa i r l y l argew i th l arge ye l l ow flowers l ike those of Cananga .

common , Garden j u ng l e .

P . ma cropoda K ing . A tree w i th l arge oran ge fru i ts verysh owy . Buk i t T imah .

P . Tog/ sma un i K ing . Common , Chan Ch u Kang , Garden j ung l e .

P . bu l luta K i n g. Stated i n K i ng’s Mater i a l s to have been co llected by me i n S i n gapore , was co l lected by Can t l e y andperh aps w rong l y l oca l i sed . It occurs in Se l angor andPerak .

P . ci nncmzomea Hook . fi l . i s from the same co l l e ct i on , and was

a l so co l l e cted by W a l l ich i n S i n gapore . I ha ve n e verfou nd i t h ere.

Gon z’

otlza lamus . Sma l l or med i u m si zed trees or sh r ubs .

G . ma l ayanus Hook . fi l. B uk i t Ti mah , Pu lau Dama r .

G . Tapis Miq. Sel i ta r , Jurong .

G . Ridleyi K ing . A med i u m - si zed tree w i th l arge tu f tspu rp l i sh flowers on the s tem , ch iefly at the base .

Morai , Buk i t T imah .

O rOph ea l zasta l a K i ng . Buk i t T i mah .

P Opowz'

a tomen l osa Ma i n g . A sma l l tree . No t common , Garde nj ung le , Baj au .

P . ramos zsszma Hook . fi l . B uk i t T imah .

Orymz'

tra ca lycz’

na K ing . Dense woods , Garden j ung l e .

0 . ajfi i i i s K ing . Sumbawang, Buk i t Ti mah .

THE FLOR A OF SI NGA PORE . 4-1

J/ el utl o rum . C l i mbers w i th ye l l ow flowers u su a l ly swee t- scen ted .

JI. fl rlgens Hook . fl l . Common in th ickets,Buk i t Manda i

,Toa

Payoh,Tengeh , Chan Ch u K ang .

ma nubr z’

a tum Hook . fi l . Changi,Bedoh .

l a / ifo l ium Hook . ti l . Garden j ung l e,To as , Se l i tar .

ll . cyl i n zl r i cmn Ma ingay . Common,Buk i t T imah

,Bu k i t Mandai ,

Chan Ch u K ang,Loyan g .

l l . l a ri u ;,ri uo .su ueHook . fl l . Fa i r ly common , Buk i t T imah . Su mba

wang , Ju ron g .

p rz’

sma l’i cuur Hook . fi l . Garden j ung l e,Changi

,K ranj i .

M . rh ymes Hook . ti l . Garden j ung l e , Se l itar .

Il l . pisoca-r'

p zun Hook . fi l . Buk i t Ti mah , Buk i t Manda i , Toas .

Hook . ti l . S i ngapore ( \V a l l ich No tseen .

di co rpo Hook . fi l . S i ngapore (Ma iuga y ) . No t seen .

mo l ar/ (m a Hook . fi l . No t common , B uk i t A rang , Chan Ch uK ang.

cou ld /a Hook . fi l . S i n gapore (W a l l ich 6452) Ma iugay .

No t seen .

magna Ma ingay .

" S i n gapore R id l ey i n Ma ter i a l s ; was no tco l l ected i n S i ngapore .

fer ; uyinea Hook . fi l . Jangkang . A ta l l tree,flowers green ,

fru i t l on g cy l i nd r i ca l red . Common , Buk i t Ti mah , Sel i tar ,Changi

, Su nge i Mo ra i .

Ji’i dl e/ i Kin ou

i " Ra re Chang i , Buk i t Ti mah .J O O

P h ot on/m s n u ta ns Hook . ti l . A sh ru b w i th g reen flowe rs .Common

,G arden Jung l e Buk i t Tim ah .

P it . lucida e O l i ver . Common . A bu sh . B uk i t T imah, Garden

J ung l e,Tanjong Co l .

42 THE FLOR A OF SI NG A PORE

Jl esw l l ia l ep topo rla O l i ve r . A very l arge tree w i th greenfl owers

,and l arge g l obose fru i t con ta i n i ng two very hard

seeds,Poko P

’ra b .

”Garden Jung l e.

MEn rsrnnn a onm.

C l i mbi ng p l an ts w i th very sma l l d ioec i ou s fl ower s an ddr u paceou s carpe l s w i th the seed s u sua l l y cu rve i .

Ti uosl i ora coma/61mM i ers . Probab l y i n troduced . Macph e rsonRoad

, Ba lestier p l a i n , Pu la u U bi n .

Ti uom z'

ecz'

um petio l a re M i ers . Akar Lankap. A stout c l i mberw i th m i l ky j u ice , flowers wh i te

,fr u i t green w i th wh i te

spots . A decoc t io n of the ro ots is u sed for rheuma ti sm .

Common i n o pen woods , Garden Jung l e , S ig lap, J u rong ,

B uk i t Manda i .

l '

z bm u reo ch l o r o l cuca M i e rs . Akar K un i ng . A big woodyc l i mber w i th ye l l o w j u i ce former ly u sed i n dyein om Thema l e flowers are wh i te i n l arge pan ic l e s on th e stem .

The fema l es green . The fru i t i s abou t an i n ch l on g ,orange - co l ored . Common a l l o ver S i ngapore .

C'

oscz'

u ium fi nes-[ra t i o n Co l ebr . A kar K u ny i t , K uny i t Babi .

A s tou t woody c l i mber w i th la rge rou nd l ea ves w h i teben ea th an d l a rge g l obu lar fru i ts . Common i n wood s .Chan Chu Kang

,Chang i

,etc .

[l g/memo tr i /l o ra M i e rs . A s l ender c l i mber w i th n arro w d eepgree n l eaves and sma l l g ree n fl owe rs . No t common .

Hedges,Tang l i n

, Se l i tar , Ju rong , Chu a Ch u K ang .

L imaciw relu l i ua M i ers . A low ra ther s lender c l i mber , th e

l eaves co vered w i th a ve l ve ty go l den o l i ve fu r . Commo n i n open cou n try . Tang l i n , Buk i t T imah , Changi , etc .

J. A'

u u sl l c i z'

Ki ng . A pre tty l i tt l e s l ender c l i mber w i th wh i teflowers and ye l l ow s tamens . Rare , on bushe s by th e sea .

Chang i beach .

“fa l l . A s l ender c i imber w i th pe l ta te

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

44 THE FLOR A ( )F S I NGA PORE

s u l es co ve red w i th mos sy ha i rs . The seed s a re u sed asa

‘

purga ti ve . Common i n d ry wood s.Reser vo i r

,Chan

Ch u Kang , Ch u a Ch u K ang .

A . flo r iLumla K ing . W oods n ea r Ang Mo l o .

A . mmnbm nacea K i ng . A ng Mo K io,Chang i .

A . l i'

uus / lez i zm a K ing . S i ngapore (W a l l i ch ) . No t. seen .

0

B l NEJR.

S co l o/n'

o r /i z'

na n t/zem C los . A sh rub or sma l l tree, thorny w i th

w i th wh i te flowers and b l ack berr i es . Sandy spots nearth e sea . Chang i

,Serangoon R i ver .

F lucour i z’

a It’l l -om Z o l l . A th orny tree,w i th sma l l y e l l ow i sh

flower s and g l obose du l l red berr i e s,w i th a taste o f

gooseber ri es. Common i n woods and even i n th ickj u ng l e . and ev i tl en t lv t ru l y w i l d

,but a l so p l an ted.

B uk i t Timah . Chan Ch u Kang .

F l . Cd / ( tpM’

GCM Rox b . tukam . A s i m i l a r tree w i th sma l l e rl ea ves . 1 do n o t th i nk i t i s w i l d though often cu l t i va tedand es tab l i sh ed here and there . It. a m uch better ea t i ngfru i t th an th e l as t .

F l . i nermi s C l . A l a rger tree , qu i te unarmed, w i th th i nnerna rrower l eave s . Ju rong and Tan j ong K arong .

K i ng . A sma l l tree w i th s l ender sp i kes ofgreen flowers . Ra re i n fores ts , B uk i t T imah . Su nge iBu l oh .

P i 'r '

ro sr onnm.

P i l l ospo rum frrrugz’

neum A i t . Giramo ng. A smal l tree w i thy e l l ow i sh wh i te flowers . Sea shores , K ran j i , Chang i ,Sel itar .

POLY BtAL l 'L/E .

Po ly/ga la. Bl . A l i tt l e pros tra te h erb w i th ye l l o wflowers

, g row i ng i n tur f or sandy spots . No t common ,Gardens

,Macph erson Road .

THE FLORA OF S I NGA PORE . 4 5

S'

a lomom’

a can /om'

ens is Lour . A sma l l b ranched weed abou t 3i n ch e s ta l l w i th p i nk flower s . Common in waste grou nd .

S . obl ongifofia Dec . Rare , sandy Spots,Changi .

S . apl/g/ l /a G r i ff . A very sma l l bu ff co lo red saprophy t i cw i th m in u te flowers . Rare , i n dense wet woods .

Ch u K ang .

Trz'

qom‘

as’

l rum hypo /m ou rn M iq. Sma l l tree , flowe rs wh i te .

l

l"

imah .

Xa n / l mpbg/ l luw. Large or sma l l trees,w i th wh i te or p i n k

flowers and g l obose one or seve ra l seeded fru i ts .

“ Li maBeru k .

”

pa iemba n i cum M iq. A sma l l tree , w i th wh i te flowers . W oods ,Ga rd en j un g l e

, Sel i tar

obscu rum Benn . A l a rg e tree w i th da rk green sh i n i ngl ea ves , flowers wh i te t i n ted w i th rose . Fru i t as l arge asa er icket ba l l , grey i sh green w i th a very th ick woodyr i nd orange co lor i n s ide , and n u merou s seed s . \V oods ,Tang l i n .

el l irfz'

cum K orth . A med i u m s i zed tree w i th deep greenl eaves . F l owers a t fi rs t wh i te th en ye l l ow , w i th a redca ly x . Dru pe g lobu l a r orange tu rn i ng dark red , w i th asweet bu t rather soapy tas te . Tang l i n

,Chang i .

affine Kor th . A sma l l to med i u m si zed t ree , flowers wh i te .

The commonest spec i es i n the pen i n su l a , but no t commoni n S i ngapore . W oods , Buk i t Manda i

, Ju rong,

l uk itl

l"

imah .

K i ng . A fa i r s i zed tree w i th dark green l ea ves ,and go l den buds , flowers wh i te

,fer ti l i zed by bees . No t:

common . Tang l i n .

Pon'

rULA OA OE /n .

P o rtu laca o l ero oea L. Pu rs l ane . A common su ccu l ent prostrateweed w i th ye l l ow flowers . W as te ground .

46 THE FLORA O F SI NGAPORE .

P . qua tl r ifirla!L. A mu ch sma l l e r p l an t w i th tu fts o f wh ite ha i r

on th e j o i n ts of the stem . Common i n and rou nd th e

town,on th e wharfs

, etc .

HYP ERICINEJE .

japom'

cum Sma l l h erb w i th ye l lo w flowers . Pepper p l an tati on s , Buk i t Manda i , Ch ua Ch u Kan g .

C7’0 fo .rj/ l on po lyanfl zum Kor th . Tree w i th l oose red bark,

flowers p i n k . “

I

oods , Buk i t T imah , Chang i , Chan Ch u K ang .

C. fo rmosum Ben th . A beau t i fu l tree flower ing tw ice a year .The flowers rose -p i n k , appea r abu ndan t l y whe n th e treesh ed s its l ea ves . The l eaves a re red when j u st open

,

g rad u a l ly becom i n g green . Common i n open coun try,

Tang l i n , Buk i t Manda i , Chu a Ch u K ang ,Buk i t T i mah .

C. a rborescens B l . “ Geron ggang . A big tree 50 to 60 feetflowers i n pan ic l e s d eep cr i m son . Wood s

,Garden j u ng l e

,

B uk i t Timah , Se l itar .

GUTTIFERJE.

fl a rcfnz'

a eugen z‘

aqfo l ia IV a l l . T ree , flowers W h i te,s weet . \V oods ,

Su nge i Tengeh , Chang i , Chan Ch u K ang ,Pu l au Ubi n

,

Tanjon g Go ].

(I. ros l ro ta Ben th . F lowers wh ite or p i nk . W oods , Sunge iMora i , Chan Ch u K ang , Chang i .

( r’

. cusp z'

rla ta Ki n g . Rare . K ranj i .

Hombrom’

ana P i e rre . The peach -flavoured mangos teen .

The t ree resemb l es th e common mangos teen , but th efl owers a re cream co l ored , th e fr u i t sma l l e r cr i m son , w i tha shor t beak on wh i ch i s an en ti re dot ted st igma , ther i nd i s th i n and scen ted l i ke an app l e , the pu l p ac id andscan ty but peach -fla voured. Seashores , more rare ly i n land ,B l akang Ma t i , Chan Ch u Kang ,

Changi , Pu l a u Ubi n .

mo ngos /a na L . The mangosteen cu l t i v ated e very wh ere. A

w i l d o r rever ted form wi th sma l l er more aci d fru i ts ,occu rs near v i l l ages. )

TUE FLORA O F SI NG APOR E . 4 7

a l ro r i r i i l i s G riff . A sam Ge l ugu r . A beau ti fu l tree l ea vesbr igh t red when you ng , deep green when o ld . F l owersl a rge red . Fru i t l a rge succu l en t, fl attened a t bo th ends

,

and groo ved a l l rou nd , orange co l or sti gma and pers i sten t sepa l s red. It i s dr ie d i n th e s un and u sed i n cu rr i es .

It makes e xce l l e n t preser ves and pies . Doub tfu l ly w i ldhere . Tang l i n

,Tan jong Penj u r u .

G r i1/i t/m T . Anders . Kand is Gajah . Tree w i th large lea ves .

F l owers hard ly open i ng green i sh ye l lo w . Fru i t resemb l i ng an app le i n form and co lor , ac id, but ea tab l e whencooked . Common i n woods . Tang l i n

,Buk i t T imah

,

B l akang Ma t i,Chan Ch u Kang.

B ttncana M iq. T ida l r i vers,K ran j i

, Se l i tar .

u‘ 7 I

nzgi o l z netl ta I ren e lx a-l l tl l b . Ii ee,u n i sex ua l

,flowers

sma l l y e l l ow,fr u i ts sma l l g l obose orange , ea tab le . Com

mon , W ood s and open coun try , Chang i , Tengeh , Su nge ihl o rah

pa rr ifo l iuuc M iq. Garden j u ng l e .

G . F o rbesi i K ing . Sma l l tree , flowers dream or p i nk,fru i ts

sma l l c r i mson , eatab l e . No t ve ry common, Garden j ung le ,

B uk i t Manda i , Ch ua Ch u K ang .

ner oosa Miq. Rare,Pu l a u Ubi n

, Serangoon Road .

G . du lci s K u rz . Mu nd u . P robab ly no t w i l d here . Gardensand v i l lages .

Ctt lup/q/ l lum. Trees w i th wh i te fl ower s and green or pu rp l ishd ru pes .

pu l clzerrimum “Ta l l . Common , Garden j u ng l e , Chang i , K ran j i .

specta bi l e W i l l d . Bi n tan gor Bu n u t . Garden j u ng l e , Buk i tTi mah , Se l i tar

C'

. rams-

um \V a l l . S i ngapore ,

ca num Hook . ti l . No t common , Tang l i n , Buk i t Mandai .

4-8 TIIE FLORA OF SI NGAPORE .

L. l ’enaga . Common on th e sea shore .

Pu l au Sel i tar, Pu l au Ubi n .

i noy liyl lo ide K ing . Rare,Gard en j u ng l e , Chang i .

l l’

a l l i clmmum P l an ch “ B i n tangor Merah . Bu k i t T imahC hu a C h u Kang .

Gr ifli lh i i T . A nders. Rare , Sunge i Mora i .

C"

. macrocarpum Hook . fi l . Chang i ,

Trees w i th w h i te or p i n k flowers u s ua l l y rath e r sma l lw i th ma ny s tamens .

A di nmu lra dumbsa Jack .

“ Ti u p -Ti u p . A v ery common treeabou t 20 fee t ta l l , w i th wh i te flowers

,wh ich are fert i l i zed

by bees and wasris , and th e pu l py fru i t ea ten by ba ts .Ope n cou n t ry e verywhere .

[l u l l em’

K i ng . No t common, Garden Jung l e , Sel itar .

acumi na ta Kor th . \V o ods,Garden j ung l e , Sembawang , Chan

Ch u Kang .

macu l osa T . Ande i s . Rare Nor th Sel itar.

miquel i i K i ng . K wak . A very d i fferen t l ook ing treew i th th ick l ea ves and l arger wh i te flowers , and fru i ts o fa Edges of Mangrove swamps , l oca l , Nor thSel i tar , Chan gi , Sunge i Mora i , a lso woods , Bu k i t Ti mah .

sp .

“ Mongo l . Rare,Baj au

A . near i n tegerrz'

ma but l ess h a i ry . A big tree , Chang i .

Tcrnstrwmi a pena nyi a na Cho i sy . A big dense tree w i th d arkgreen l eaves and wh i te flowers . Frui t egg - sh aped abou t1 —5 i n ch l ong orange , sp l i tti n g and show i ng 3 or 4 see l senc l osed in a red pu l p . Dry woods near the sea . Baj au ,Toas , Ba tu P u t i h , Chang i , Pu l a u Tekong .

Sura t/ya Misty /a Miq. Fern va l l ey,B uk i t T i mah .

Tl l E FLORA O F t INGA l ’O l l l‘J. 49

Pym /wr i t ucumi uam P l an ch . A sma l l tree w i th i nconsp icuou sw h i te flo v ers and sma l l g l obu l a r app l e - l ik e gree n fr u i ts .T h ick wo ) ds . Common , Buk i t Timah , Tang l i n .

l i'

u ns l l er i K i ng ? Rare , Se l itar .

Garjan i a er celsa B l . A ta l l tree w i th flo wers l ike tho se of th etea p lan t bu t l a rger . Fru i t a l ong woody capsu l e con

ta i n i ng th i n w i nged seeds . Rare , Sel i ta r.

V a r. w i th m u c h l arge r cor i aceou s l ea ves , l arge r fl owersand fru i ts . A ve ry d i ffere n t l ook i n g tree , but re ferred by Dr .

K ing to th e sa me species Common,Tang l i n , IIo l lan l Road ,

Ju rong,Chang i .

A rc/u/ tea V a /z l z’

i Choisy . Ria ng -Ri a ng . A bush or ta l ls l ende r tree w i th pre tty p i n k o r w h i te fl owe rs . Commoni n secon dary j u ng le . Tang l i n

,Jurong , C h ang i , B l akang

Ma t i .DIl’l ‘E l lOUA RP EzE .

Ta l l,of ten va s t trees , w i th s tra igh t ba re s tems . F l owers

l arge or sma l l p ink wh i te or y e l l o w , very sweet l y scen ted. Fru i tu sua l ly w i th two to fou r of th e ca lyx Io b cs de ve l oped i n tol ong w i ngs

,by wh ich the fr u i t d r i fts away from the tree i n the

j u ng le . The trees u sua l ly flower on l y once i n fi ve years . V eryfew flowe r an nua l l y . T h ey s u pp ly good an d use fu l t i mber , andthe res i n k nown ‘

a s dammar and u sed for torch es , and varn i sh ,85 0 . Some a lso prod uce wood o i l .

Dip teroca rpu s cornu‘

u s Dyer . M i nyak Keru i ng. One of thebes t wood-O i l trees , e ven th e fr u i ts a re of ten fu l l of o i l .W oods

,Changi

,Buk i t T imah .

IIa sscl / i B l . Buk i t Ti mah .

I) . yrancl i/l or us l i la nco . Th i s h as very l arge w i nged f ru i ts . 0i n ches or more l ong red . B uk i t T imah .

D ,

A n i sopter t z gl rbm Ku rz . Mersawa . Garden j u ng l e .

A . comm Kor th . A g i gan tic tree w i th co ppe ry l ook i ng lea ves .

Garden jung l e , Da l vey ,Bidadari .

5 0 THE FLO RA OF S ING A PORE ,

l / upm l’i cr'rc i Harrt e .

“ Merawan . A fa l l s tra i gh t tree w i th\ ery sma l l d eep cr i mson flowers. Buk i t A ran g .

II. K u rz . G arden j ung l e (No

II. wri rr'urrrlru Hook . ti l . S i n gapore ( Can t l ey ) .

1 1 . Niq. A gigan t ic tree measu r i ng as much as1 8 feet i n c i rcu mfere nce . Co rn nro n , Buk i t T i mah , ChanCh u K ang .

S /wrerr gra ti ss r’

ma Dye r .

* F l owers w h i te . Common, Garden

j u ng le , Krarrji , Chan Ch u Karrg.

macr'

op l em Dyer . Kepong .

” The bark i s u sed for bu i l d i nghouse s . Common

, Ga rden j u ng l e , Chan Clru Kan O'

.

S . p a r-r i/u l ia Dyer .

“ Meran t i da u n Kech i l . Bu k i t T imah ,Garden j u ng l e .

gi t/ bow Brandi s . F lowe rs p i n k, Garden Jung l e .

b’

. lep rosu l rr Mir] .

“ Serayah ba tu . very common , GardenJung le , Buk i t T imah .

r iyi rlrr Brand i s .* F lowe rs wh i te . Rare , Garde n Ju ng l e .

p / ruci flom K ing . F lower s y e l l o w , Garden Ju ng l e .

S . brac l eo lam K i ng . Da l vey Road (No .

-um P i e rre . tare , Sunge i Mora i .

V a l i ca B rand i s . Common,Garden J ung l e ,

Manda i , Chang i .

l l'

u l l i c/ri i K ing . Damar Ma ta Kucl rirrg .

’ Cornnro rr

, Garde n Jung le , K ranj i , Changi , Toas .

M LV 0

Herbs sh rubs o r trees w i th showy flowe rs .

S i fla . Sma l l sh r ubby p l an ts w i th ye l l ow fl owers .

b’

. cur'

p i rriju l i re L . Co rrrmo rr e ve rywhere i n was te gro u nd .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

5 2 THE FLORA O F S I NG APO RE .

wh ich part l y open , th e wa l l s i n s ide are covered w i thy e l l ow st i n g in g ha i rs . The seeds are b l ack w i th a ye l l o wwaxy a r i l . Rare , Buk i t T i mah , Chan Ch u Kang , Kranj i ,Ch u a Ch u Kang .

( b rl osfegi a GTi lfi / lfl i l i en th . Pungga i . A very big tree w i thsma l l flowers on th e o l d wood and l arge ro n rrd woodyfru i ts

,th e ou ts ide , co vered w i th thorn s , i s b lack , th e i n s ide

br i l l i an t orange . The bark i s u sed i n tan n i ng . Rare,

B uk i t Ti mah , Garden Jung l e .

B asel / i n. G r im/i i i Mast . Du rian -Du r ian . A med i u m s i zedt ree w i th sma l l wh i te fl owers and l i tt l e scar l e t dur ian s .

tare,Garden Jung l e

,Buk i t T imah .

S '

I‘

ERCULIA

S i crcu l i u V en t . A big t ree w i th l arge red pod s .Rare , Rese r vo i r W oods , Chan Ch u Kang .

N. l a’r i s “Ta l l . A sh ru b or sma l l free w ith green fl owers an dscar l e t pod s wh i ch sp l i t O pen i n to 3 to“

5 l obes i n th e fo rmof a s tar

,and sho w th e ob l ong b l u e - b l ack seed s suspended

a l l rou nd th e margi n . W oods, common , Tang l i n , Buk i t

T i mah,P u l a u Ubi n

,etc .

V ar w i th very n arrow l ea ves. Ch an Ch u Kang,Buk i t

Manda i,Buk i t T imah .

S . rubigz'

nosa V en t . A sm a l l or med i u m si zed tree v ery sh owyi n f ru i t , flowers p i n k . Common Tang l in

,Buk i t T imah

,

etc .

S . pa r r i /Iora V en t. Big tree , Ga rden Jung l e .

scap lriqera \V a l l . l\ em pan e“ Samangko . A very l arge

tree , often over 1 00 feet tal l .'

Ilre fru i t i n th e form of al ong green bo a t con ta in i ng a n ob l ong seed a t on e end.

W h en th e seed s are put i n to wa ter the ou ter coa t swe l l sup and becomes mu c i lagi nou s , and th i s mut i lage i s ea tenw i th sugar i n th e morn i ng to coo l th e b l ood . Rare ,Buk i t Manda i .

TIl E FLORA OF S INGA POR E . 5 3

Ta rr ieti a s imp l icifo l z’

a Mast . A vas t tree . No t common, Da l vey

Road, Buk i t Ti mah .

Il er i tz'

em l i ttora l i s B ryand , Dung u n . Sea sh ores , common ,Ba j au

,Kran j i , Pulau Tekong .

II. sp. Lofty tree i n j u ng l e s . Garden j ung l e . A pparen t l yundescri bed .

l l . fumes Buch . Ham . Mangrove swamps . K ran j i .

I’l erospermum di versifo l i um B l . A grgantic tree , P u l au Ubin .

I’I. B lumea uum K orth .

“ Bay u r . A b ig tree, den se woods ,

common,Buk i t T imah

, Sunge i Bu l u h .

i l l r loc/ri a corc/rorz’

jo l i a L . A common weed w i th sma l l p i n kfl owers. W aste ground e verywhere.

[l’enmpetes p/roem

'

cea L. A ta l l h erb w i th deep red fl owe rs.

W as te grou nd,Tang l i n

,B l akang Ma ti .]

B u /fnerz‘

a J/ a i rrgaj/ i Mas t . Akar Kach ubong . A big woodyc l i mber w i th cu r ious l i tt l e wh i te and p i n k flowers androu nd pr i ck ly capsu l es . Common

,Garden Jungle, Chang i ,

Buk i t Mandai , etc .

B . Jae/ Ja na W a l l . S i ngapore , K ing’s Mater i a l s . No t seen

,

probably an error

Commermm'

a A nd r . Du r ian Tu pa i .t ree w i th wh i te flowers , i n l arge oy rn es andsu l es . Open cou n try Tang l i n , Ju rong , etc .

TrLIA oEJ c.

L’ro zcn l o zrz

’

rr l a nceo lam Ben th . Rare , “ Mang roves,K ranj i .

P rn lace Irr’

p tem Mas t . “ Sepa Petrr. Medang Se ra i .”

A g igan ti c tree w i th w h i te fl owers . W oods,common

.

B uk i t T imah , Ang Mo K io , Chua Ch u Kang .

G rew-i a umbel l am Roxb . A stou t c l i mber w i th wh i te flowers.

Common,Tan gl i n ,

Ga l an g etc .

0 ,

5 4 THE FLOR A OF SI NGA PO RE .

ft. fibrocarpa Mas t. Smal l t re e w i th orange fru i ts . Rare,

C l u ny RCad

0 . l a / i /bl z‘

a Mas t. A l arge sh rub w i th orange pear-shapedf ru i ts abo u t an i nch l on g , and p l easan t l y fl avou red .

F l owe rs ye l l ow . Tang l i n,Bu k i t Timah

,Chan C h u Kan g .

The absen ce of th e common [en insu lar sh rub G . pam’

cu

l am Roxb . i s v ery remarkab l e .

Tr i umfctm r/romboidca Jacq. A common weed w i th sma l l yell ow flowers and pr ick l y f r u i t . W aste ground , Tang l i n ,Chang i etc .

T. p i l osa Roth . S i n gapore (K i n g ) no t seen .

(Core/row s capsu l rn'i s L.

“ Ju te . Buk it Trmah (Dr. K i ng) .

0 . ncu ta ngu l us Lam. \V eed w i th ye l l o w flowers,rare . Chan

Ch u Kang .

E ch i nocmym s Sp. Tree w i th wh i te flowers i n ax i l l a ry pan ic l e s.V ery rare

,Kranj i (No .

E l a’

oca rpus . Trees w i th wh i te flowers,of ten sh owy

,and b l ue

o r green d rupes . Mendong .

"

r/am’

l rus Roxb . Cu l tiva ted on ly . The g l obose 0 i b l u efru i ts con ta i n a hard tu be rc l ed seed m uch i n requ est byTam i l s a s a h ead. It i s u sua l l y 5 grooved , but veryra re l y a 6 groo ved one i s fou nd

,wh ich command s as

h igh a pr i ce as 5) do l l ars .

par r i/o l z’

us IV a l l . Common,Tang l i n

,Chang i

,etc .

s i z'

pu l a r z’

s B l . V e ry common,Tang l i n , etc.

sa l i cifo l i us K ing .

“ Jurunong Pad i . No t common Buk i tTi mah Sel i ta r.

pani cu la tus IV a l l . Common . K ran j i,Buk i t Manda i

, Sel itar .

p eti o l a ta s W a l l . Common,Tang l i n

, Sel itar, Chang i .

Grim/[i i i Mast . Common,Tang l i n

,Se l i tar .

TIIF FLOR A OF S I NGA PORE . 5 5

Hu l l cui i K i ng . No t common, Buk i t T imah , Buk i t Manda i .

pcdu ncu lu i u sW'

a l l . Sea sho res , Loyang , Toas , J u rong ,Pu la u

Tekong .

up i cu l rdus Mas t. Rare . Buk i t Timah j oad .

po lystacbgus \V a l l .“ Jurunong Babi . " F lowe rs bu ff , corn

rno n i n woods , Buk i t T i mah , Juron g , Teban , Changi .

Juckiuuus \V a l l . No t rare , Tang l i n , Sel i ta r, Buk i t Manda i .

JIas l er i i K ing . Gourmou ,'

I'

angl in ,Buk i t Timah , K ran j i ,

Changi .

sp. near E . p o lys tuctyus . Rare , Buk i t T imah (Ill -fl) , 30 1 1 )

L lNE zE .

It’

uuc/rer ia G raj/i th i a nu P l anch . C l imber , w i th ye l l ow fl o wers ,and sma l l red d rupes . Common i h th i cke ts and woods .

Tang l i n , etc .

E ry t/rroay l on Lu rman i cum Gr i ff. A tree . Common n ear th e sea .

l .rorra nt/res i cosa ndra Jack .

“ l’agar‘ A nak . Tree . Common,

Tang l i n , etc .

I. reti cu lum Jack . Less common , \V oods , Garden Jung l e , Buk i t,Ti mah

, Bajau , Ju rong .

MALPa m cnm.

Z ‘r'i s tel l rrleiu aus tra l as i ca Rich . A s len l er c l i mber , flowe rs ye l l ow.

Common by t i d a l rrvers , and of ten cu l t i vated . Toas,

Krarrjr, Changi , Pu l a u Ubrn .

I/ ip taye seri cea Hook . fi l . Scanden t , but fo rm ing bu shes i n O pensandy spo ts . F l owers p i nk and wh i te . Rare

,Changi

,

Buk i t Manda i road .

"l spidop tel'

j/S concur-a Juss . Cl irrrber , Forests , Buk it Manda i , Chan

Ch u Kang .

5 6 THE FLOR A OF FINGA I’O RE .

GE l lANIA CEjE .

( O ra l i s cor'

rri cu lu /a L. A gard en weed, common . )

(A rer r lwcr [Ji l imbi L . th e B l i mbi ng , and . 1 . (‘

a ram ’z o l cc L. Kem

bo l a,

” are cu l t i va ted . )

Com ra rop s i s macmphg/ l la K i ng . Tree,flowers cr i m son . No t

common , Se lrtarRU'

I‘

A CEAC.

A n umber of the se a re cu l t i vated , among wh ich are R ue(Hu tu gra reo lerrs) th e Kamun i ng (Murray/a ero ti ca ) of th e ornanrerrta l wood of wh i ch th e sheath s and hand l es o f K r i sesare made , th e Lime ber ry , Li ruan K eab ”

(Tr ip /ras i a

tr i/ o l i o la l a ) , th e pu rn e lo (Ci trus clecuma nu s‘

L) , orange ( Ci trusau r

'

a rrti um ) , var i ou s Li mes (Ci trus medi cu L . )

E rodi a Jr’or bu rgb i a na Benth S tenga burong . A sh ru b

w i th w h i te flowers . Common i n ope n cou n try,Tang l i n

,

Bedoh , K ran j i , Jurong , Buki t Timah .

E . glut/ rut. B l . A fi ne tree . Lo ca l , bu t not rare ,Tang l i n

,Buk i t

T imah , Chan Ch u Kang .

E , robu sta Hook . fi l . A ta l l tree . ve ryr conspi c uou s in flowe r .

No t rare , Reser vo i r , To as , Buk i t Manda i .

E . p cduncu l osaHook . A very l i tt l e known p l a n t

,sa i d to have

been co l l ected i n S i n gapore by Lobb .

Z a rrt/roay lum ova l ifo l ium W i gh t \V a l l ich No . 7409 , no t seen .

A cronych i u P o rter i Hook . fi l . A tree , u su a l l y sma l l . F l owe rsand fr u i ts green . common , Garden j u ng l e , Buk i tT i mah

,Chang i

,Ju ron g , Chan C hu K ang .

(i’

lycosmzs perrl apluy l l a Corr . ’ Common in woods and forests , al arge shru b , flowers and fru i ts w h i te . Garden j ung l e ,B uk i t T imah , K ran j i , Sel i tar , etc ; a broad l ea ved fo rm .

A narrow l ea ved one occu rs at Changi .

.

'

l] icrumelu rrr fri r’

su lu rn O l in. W a l l ich (No . 81 5 6 No t see n .

Cluusenu excava te Burrn . A srrra l l tree w i th wh i te flower s ,

TIIE FL O R A OF S I NGA PORE . 5 7

s trong ly scen ted fo l i age and sem i transparen t p i nk fr u i ts .

Doubt fu l ly w i l d . O pen coun try ,Tang l i n , Pu l au Ubi n .

L u ru nga wl eu t/rwa n / lrem Da l z . C l i mber,very rare l y flower i ng .

Chang i , Buk i t Timah .

Pm 'mn if/ ng/a f/ ra rrdiflo ra O l i ver . V ery rare,Ch ang i (IIul lett)

i

a l so co l l e c ted by Lobb .

P . l o ngi sp i rm I—Io ok . fi l . “ Li mau Le lang . A th orny sh rubw rth cu r i ou s pea r - shaped orange aromat ic f ru i ts used in

na t i ve med ic i n e . Nea r mangro ve s wam ps , K ranj i , Ju ron g .

Sn “ nunnm.

B rucm su rna i rmm Roxb . A slrruh wi th aromati c fo l iage sma l lp u rp l e flowers an d b l ack ber r ie s . W a l l ich (No .

I lrave never seen th i s here,bu t on i n trod u c i ng some

p l an ts f rom Pahang,i t e s tab l i sh ed i tse l f a l l abou t '

l‘ang l in ,

th e seed s be i ng borne abou t by b i rd s .

[Cur r/coma l ongifi rl im Jack .

“ Bida ra Pah i t . A n e l egan t sh rubw i th a very b i t ter bark u sed in med ic i n e agai n st fe ve r .Common i n d ry woo l s

,es pec i a l ly near; th e sea . Tang l i n ,

Chang i,B uk i t T imah

,B l akang Ma t i etc .

Irr i nr/ i rr J/ a laj/ (um O l i ve r . Pau lr K ijang . A g igan t ic treeo ver 1 00 fee t ta l l

,w ith sma l l g reen flowers , and fru i t l i ke

mangoes,green w i th an orange pu l p . Tang l i n , i ese r

voi r woods,Rajau

,etc .

O P IINAC‘EJ’

( i’omph irr m um / 1m m Jack . Tree

,flowers ye l l ow . lommo n ,

Buk i t T imah,Ka lang ,

Toas,Chang i

,Pu l au Ubin .

( i'

. Il’

oo l '

er i P l anch . F l owe rs dee p red . Less common , n ea rth e sea . Chang i , Tanjong G o l , i nk i t T imah .

7'

cfr'mner ism f/ l rflm z Al iq. \V a l l ich (No . 1 055

,No t seen .

Eur/remis l eucoca rpa Jack . A r. u nde r sh rub , ver y e l egan t w i thwh i te flowers

,and ros v ,

scar l e t or wh i te berr i e s. Cornnron i n sandy woods . K ranj i , Chang i .

5 8 THE FLOR A OF SI NG A PORE

E . mi nor Jack . S ingapore , accord i ng to Ja ck . I h ave on l yfou nd i t at Pu l au Ba ttam , sou th of S i ngapore .

Br RSERACEJE .

Triomma ma la ccensi s G r i ff. A bi g tree exu d ing a very a romat i ctu rpen t i ne , fr u i t green th ree -w i nged . con ta i n i ng th reeova l fla t-w inged seed s . No t common , Garde n Jung l e ,Buk i t T imah .

Canar ium P l a rrc/ron z' K in g . No t common , Buk i t Manda i .

gra ndiflo rum Benn . F lowers orange . Rare . Changi (Hu l l ett) ,Buk i t Mandai .

pi l osum Ben n .

“ K edondon K ru t . No t common , Chang i .

0 , rufum Ben n .

“ Kedo rrdo n Bu l an . A med i u m si zed treew i th creamy y e l l ow flowers and l arge hard g la u cou sgreen f ru i ts tas t ing o f tu rpen t i n e , w i th a tr iqu etrou s seed .

Not rare . Tang l i n , Sel i ta r .

C, pu rpurascens Benn . No t common , Buk i t Ti mah , Chang i , ChanCh u K ang .

It'

admu ln rr Ben n .

“ Ti nou . Big tree, fr u i t e rect p i n k .

Garden j u ng l e , Buk i t T imah , Changi .

secundum Ben n . No t common , Chang i Road , Tang l i n , Sel itar .

n i tidum Benn . Open woods , common , Ch ang i Reser vo i rwoods , Bu k i t T imah .

Tr igonoclrlamys Gr i/ fil /ri i Hook . fl l . Kumpas Ruman. Tan jongGo l . K ran j i . Se l ita r.

Sa nti r ia lam K i ng . A l a rge tree w i th a Spread i ng head . F l owersi n l ax h ang i ng ha i ry pan ic l e s deep red . l l rupes p l uml rke rosy . A beau t i fu l tree when i n fr u i t . Gardenj ung l e , Buk i t Ti mah .

S . Iaei 'iga ta BL.

Keran tei . A l arge tree , flowers green . No trare , Sel i tar , Garden j u ng l e , Buk i t Manda i .

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6 0 THE FLORA OF SINGA PORE .

A . cucrr/fu / ( i Ro xb . Tree , flo wers ye l l ow . Se l i ta r (3778,

A . ru bes cerrs Il iern . S i n gapore (Ma irrgay ) , Se l i tar .

(Agl ru'

u a dorn / ( r Lou r . C u l t i va ted for i ts swee t fl owers . )

A . o l r’

gol r/ry/ l rr M iq. S i n gapore . W a l l ich (No . No t seen .

A . gl rrbi'

i/i um H i e ru . Sma l l tree , lea ves deep sh in in tr g reen ,0

flowers and fru i ts wh rte . Loca l . G arden Jung l e , Clrangr.

A . o rlo r'

rt/ i s s ima B l . Tree , fl ower s ye l lo w . No t ra re , Buk i t Manda i .Chan Ch u Kang ,

Buk i t Timah , Reser vo i r W oods .

A . co r-da ta H i e r u . Rare , Se l i ta r.

A . term icau/is Il iern . S i n gapore (Lobb) , perhaps an error .

A . tr' ic/ros l cmo rr Dec . Rare . Garden Ju ng l e .

( Lures-mm ( lo rri esticum Ja e/u. The Duk u cu l t i va ted . )

C'

ui'

up a Ubu '

t‘

ttl t t l i l . “ Ni rel r. A big tree , w i th swee t wh i tefl owers and l arge g l obu l a r fru i ts , with co rky seeds . The

bark i s u s ed i n medic i n e for dysen tery . Mang ro veswamps , very common , K ranj i , Serangoon , etc .

CnA rLLE'

rIa c rc. a.

( Yuri l l efia t /h a‘ij b/iu Tu rcz . A c l i mb in g or scramb l i ng sh rub ,

fl owers wh i te . Ra re , Baj au .

Om cnvma.

urnerrta cca O l i ver . l’eta l ing . A we l l k nownt irrrber tree w i th l ea ves l i ke those of a beech - tree , sma l lsp ik es of green flowers , and green fru i t w i th m u ch wh i tem i l k . Common

, Garden Jung le,Chang i

, Rese rvo i rwoods .

b’

l r'

ombosia ro teurrl i /bl ia l r'

i rrg. \V o ods , Buk i t T imah , Gardenj u ng l e , Buk i t Mandai .

Imp io rru rus sy /res l r'i s B l . A sma l l sh ru b , Garden j ung l e , B idada ri .

Cl enu l op /run pur r i /ul ius O l i ver. { are Garden j ung le .

r un r t o na o r srs c xr o nn. 6 1

A'

imerrra amw z

'

ca rra L. B idara La u t. A Spi ny sh r ub w i th wh i teflowers and orange ea tab le d ru pes. The wood i s scen ted .

Sea coas ts , Chang i , P u l au Se li tar , J uron g , Pasi r Pan j ang .

S corodoca rp u e borneens z’

s Becc .

“ Kul irrr A l a rge t i mber treew i th wh i te flowers , a l l pa r ts ha v i n g a s trong sme l l o fon i on s. Common

, Gard en j u ng l e , Buk i t T imah .

G'

omp/m ndra p erra rrgimm \V a l l . A sh r u b common i n woods .

Buk i t Timah Garden'

un 0‘ le Tan

'

o n tr Kato n O ' Sel itar.9 c o D ’

( r'

. l cnwéo l crl a K urz . No t common , Buk i t Ti mah .

L as z’

anth era securrdi /im a Niq. A l arge tree , flowers w h i te . RareB uk i t Manda i , Sel itar .

(Iorroca r-yrun l ongera cenmsnm K ing .

“ To io h . A l arge stragg l i n g sh ru b , w i th pend u lou s racemes of p u rp l i sh gree nflowers ; fr u its g reen . W oods , no t rare . Tang l i n

,Chang i .

1 ) lrytocrene obl ongrc W a l l . A l arge woody c l i mber w i th denseracemes of sma l l grey (l owers grow i ng on th e s tem

,fr u i t

wedge -shaped brown co ve red wi tlr brown br i s t l es andfo rm i ng a ba l l a s b ig as a man’s h ead . The seeds arecuneate ob l ong and cu r iou s l y reti cu lated . Rare

, Buk i tTimah .

I’l i . [n uc l ea te W a l l . Co rn rrron , open woods , Tang l i n , Tan jongIx a tong , Buk rt Pan jang.

[odes velu l i ua K i ng . C l i mber. Rare,Buk i t Timah Road .

I. oblonga P l anch . No t rare , Bidada ri , Chan Ch u Kang , Garde nj u ng l e .

Ig'

r'

yt/rropa lum sea / ideas Bl . A s l ende r c l i mbe r w i th i nconspicuou sgree n fl owers , and very cu r iou s a nd ornamen ta l fr u i t ,wh i c h a t fi rs t i s an o va l d ru pe , but when r i pe th e h u skbecomes brigh t red and sp l i ts i n to 4 l obes

,wh ich recnrve

and e xpose a dee p b l u e seed i n the cen tre . No t common,

woods,Buk i t Manda i , Reser voi r woods , Garden j ung l e .

I’te/cucrrrpa ma l acccrrs i s O l i ver . A fa i r s i zed tree,

flowers ye l low ,

fr u i t rou nd th i n , w i nged . Rare , Chang i woods.

6 2 THE FLOR A or SI NGA PORE.

ILICINEJE .

Il ar cymosa B l . A sma l l or med i u m si zed tree w i th very wh i tebark

,more rare ly a bu sh . F l owers very sma l l and green .

'

I‘

imah -Ti mah or Titimah .

” Common i n open cou ntry , Tang l i n , Changi , Chan Ch u K ang .

I. macrop /ry l la W a l l . Usua l l y a sma l l er p l ant w i th l arger l ea ves .Common

, Garden j ung l e , Ang Mo K io , C hang i , K ran j i .

CELA STRINEZ E.

E uonymu s ja ra rri cus Bl . A l arge sh ru b . W ood s,rare

,K ranj i ,

Sumbawang .

( i'

lj/p top cta lum quadra ngu lare Fra i n . No t common,Chang i beach

,

Chan Ch u Kang .

Jr'

o/roona l i ttora l is Laws . S i n gapore (Lobb) . No t seen .

L op /ropeta lu rrrfi mbr ia lu rn “Ti gh t . Krabu . A tree w i th ye l l ow

peta l s and the cen tra l d i sc pu rp l e . Rare,B uk i t Manda i

,

Changi .

L . Curtis i i K ing . A g igan t i c tree , rare . Buk i t Mandai , Ch uaCh u K ang.

L fi rsccscens K u rz .

at S i ngapore . (A nderson ) No t seen .

Jr'

urr imia pu l c/rerr ima. W a l l . A ta l l tree w i th sma l l red flowers .

Not common , Buk i t Manda i , Garden s .

1r'

. p a rri cu la ta “fa l l . A l arge h and some tree w i th dark green

l eave s and pan ic l e s o f sma l l green fl owers , w i th an un

p l easan t sme l l . Mucl r frequen ted by fl i e s . Fru i t a heartsh aped red capsu l e . Common in dry woods , Tang l i n ,Chan Ch u K ang

,B uk i t Manda i , etc

’

.

[Ii/ rpocr'

utea i rrdi ca L . A c l i mber w i th v ery sma l l W h i te flowers.Loca l in sandy spots , Chang i , P u la u Ubi n .

11 . Cumi ngi Laws . Akar B i n l ang . C l i m be r , flowers ye l l o w .

Sea coasts , Sunge i Pandan , K ran j i , Sel i tar.

THE FLOR A OF S I NGA PORE . 6 3

Sa laci a gra ndifl om K u rz . Ampeda l Ayam . A sh rub ha l fscanden t , gnar l ed , w i th b l ack s tems , sma l l pear l y fl owers ,an d ea tab l e orange co l ou red fru i t-s . W oods and opencou ntry , Buk i t T imah , P u l au Ubi n , Changi , Toas .

V a r. l ongifo l i a , Changi .

S . l a tifo l ia “Ta l l . S i n gapore (W a l l ich No . No t seen .

S . pri no ides De C . A s l e nder c l i mber (a l arge s tragg l i ng sh r ubaccord i ng to K i ng ) , w i th very sma l l brown flowe rs a ndsma l l g lobu l ar orange fru i ts . No t common . Garden j u ng le , Buk i t T i mah Road , Pu l a u Ubi n .

S ylarescens K u rz . A c l i mber w i th ye l l ow or redd i sh flowers .

No t common , Buk i t T i mah , Tang l i n , Changi .

S . l ongifl ora Hook . Ha l f scanden t sh rub w i th bu ff flowers .Chang i

,rare .

S . sp. n ear fi a vescens . Rare , Chang i

S . L obl m LawsfiE6 “ S i n gapore Lobb .

” No t seen , very i mperfectly known .

Cr l asfrus (‘

1mmp i 0n i Ben th . var Sunge i Loyang ,

RHAMNE /E .

V enti lago l ei oca rpa Ben th . A s l end er mu ch branch ed cl i mbe rw i th sma l l green flowers , and sma l l rou nd fru i t w i th al ong narrow w i ng . Common . Ga rden j u ng l e , Buk i t Ti mah ,P u l a u U bi n .

V . madraspa /ana Gae r tn . Rare . B uk i t Manda i .

Z i z g/plrus oenopl i a M i l l . A scanden t thorny bu sh . No t common .

O rchard Road .

Z . elega ns W a l l . (W a l l i ch No . No t seen .

Z . ca lophy l la W a l l . A l a rge c l i mber ve ry thorny dark greenpo l i sh ed l eaves

,sma l l wh i te flowers and orange g l obose

eatab l e fru i t . V ery common , Garden j un g l e , Buk i t Timah ,Sel i tar , etc .

V ar . w i th sma l l l ea ves , and sma l l e r fr u i ts . Sel itar.

6 4 THE FLO R A OF S I NGA POR E .

Z . H orsfie/dz M iq. Rare,B uk i t T imah .

Co lubr ina a si a ti ca Brongn . A sh rub w i th green flowers . Seacoa s ts

, Ga lang .

Smyflzea. reti cu la ta K i ng . C l i mber . No t common,n ea r th e sea .

Toas, Serangoon .

AMP ELIDEJE .

I'

z’

lm ma crosmcbg/a Niq. Hedges , common , Tang l i n , Buk i tT imah

,Ju rong .

r , W a l l . V erv common,Chang i

,Rese r vo i r

,Tang l i n

,

Sel itar , etc .

l'

. ci nnamomca \V a l l . No t verv common,Chan Ch u K ang

, Re

servo i r , Buk i t Manda i .

V . po ly i lqmsa M iq. Rare,Chang i .

l'

. el ega ns Ku rz . Hedges and borders o f wood s . V ery common

,Tang l i n

,Ju ron g

, etc.

I'

. L a-

u'som

'

K ing . A big c l i mber w i th l arge ye l l ow grapesq u i te eatabl e. W ood s

,Buk i t Ti mah , Garden j u ng l e .

( V . quadrangu la r i s W a l l . An odd four -ang l ed s temmed v i n e ,w i th very few l ea ves ; no t n a t i ve , bu t cu l t i vated h ereand th ere . )

fut-

cam Laws . A l on g v i n e w i th fla t s tems 4 ang l ed g reenw i th th i ck band s of brow n cork a l ong th e edge , grapesb l ack . Common i n den se woods

,Buk i t Timah

,Bu k i t

Mandai,Tang l i n

, etc .

V . N pmm \V . and Arn . Hedges , For t Cann i ng , Chan Ch uKang .

l'

. cem sifln'mi s Teysm . Buk i t T imah .

T'

. glaberr ima \V a l l . A succu l en t v i n e w i th grey fou r ang l edstem s and red tendr i l s , berr i e s b l ack . V ery commoni n hedges . A sam R i ang Tangl i n

,Chang i , etc.

THE FLORA OF S I NGA PORE . 6 5

V mo l l i ss z'

ma “Ta l l . Lakom Gajah . A ha i ry v i ne w i th trifo l i o l ate l eaves and l arge d i rty wh i te grapes. Common ,C l u ny Road , Su nge i Bu l uh , Reser voi r woods .

l rzZ/bl ia L. V ery common , hedges , Reser vo i r , Race Course ,Ka laug P ud i ng .

Japom'

ca Thu nb.

“ S i ngapore . No t recogn i sed .

novemfo l z‘

a W a l l . A s l ender v i n e w i th l arge sem i transparen tp i nk grapes , qu i te u n ea tabl e . Commo n , Tang l i n , Ch ua.

Ch u Kang .

sp. Lea ves s imp l e , flowers ver y sma l l green in ax i l l arypan ic l es , crowded a t th e ends of the branches . Rare ,Sel itar .

P ur im /al l i es cor z'

acea Kor th . A vety s l e nder v i ne remark ab l efor its l ong fl attened cr i mson flowe r sp i kes 3 or 4 inche sl ong one or 2 w ide fema l e fl owers sma l l s unk i nthe sp i ke , male s on sta l k s a l ong the edge , grape s b l ack .

Loca l i n th i ck woods , Chan Ch u Kan g , Bu k it Mandai , etc.

L eea . Large sh r ubs w i th gree n or red flowers i n corymbs .Ma l l i -ma l l i

L . sambum’

na W i l l d . S ix to ten fee t ta l l , flowers g reen i sh wh i te .

V ery common i n damp spots . Tang l i n , B uk i t T imah ,Sel itar .

V ar. bi serra i’a . Ch ua Ch u Kang.

L . robusta Roxb . Rare,B l akang Mat i .

L . rubm ‘ Bl . A sma l l er p l ant w i th red flowers,very pre tty .

Tang'

lig , perhaps i n trod u ced .

L . Java ni ca B l . S i ngapore (Schomburgk ) . Not seen .

L . angu l a ta Kor th . Mal l i biduri . Pass i r Pan jang .

SAPINDACE ZE.

Cardz'

osl i ermum L. the Ba l l oon v i ne , i s cu l t i va tedby th e Ch i nese as a vegetab l e , and occurs i n waste grou nd .

Pu la u Ubi n , B ochore .

6 6 THE FLORA OF SI NGA PORE.

A l l a/flaga s Cubbe L. A sea shore sh r u b w i th wh i te flowers and

red berr ies . The var . racemosa i s th e on ly on e here .

Common , K ran j i , Sel itar , Jr1rong, A l e x and ra Road .

fi l i a l/Jessa “: edu l e B l . Mer taj am . A tree , w i th sma l l b l ackun p l easan t ly fl a vou red fru i ts. Common , espec i a l l y neartown . Go vern men t .H i l l , P u l au Ubi n .

Xw'

ospcrmum mu ri ca lum Padlk . Rambu tan Pachat . A sma l lt ree , flowers wh i te , fr u i t ye l l o w roughened ou ts ide , seedenc l osed i n eatab l e pu l p . Common , Tangl i n , Buk i t Manda i

,B uk i t A ran g .

W iz l l z’

c/m K i ng . S i n gapore , W a l l i ch (no t seen ).

Nep izel i um lappa ceum L .

“ Rambu tan . N. L ong/ a nd Camb“ Mata K u ch i n g ; N. du ll/seem : Bl . “ Pu lassan

,

” areCu l ti vated .

.V . gl abrum Noronh a .

“ Redan . Fru i ts war ted red , acid .

Tang l i n,Ch an Ch u Kang , Toas .

N. rufesrens H i e ru . Chan Ch u K ang .

N . er i opeta lum Miq. A beau t i fu l tree w i th wh i te flowers i n hangi ng sp ikes , and scar l et fr u i t l i k e rambu tan s . Su nggo lLotong .

”Buk i t T imah , Ga rden Jung l e .

Z ’ometiu gracz’

l is K ing . W oods,Buk it T imah .

I a l u ijbl i a Hadlk . Ch an Ch u Kang ,Buk i t Manda i .

Gui oa p l europtel i s Rad l . Tree , flowers w h i te .

“ Simpayan

U l ar.

” Common,Ben t l ey’s h i l l (Hu l l ett) , Buk i t Ti mah ,

Sel itar.

G . squanwsa Rad l . Buk it Ti mah , Se l i tar.

G . p ubescens Rad l . V ery common e verywhere .

Tr igun tw/u us (cram Rad l . Rare , Buk i t T imah .

A rgyl e/3m l i ttora l i s Bl . v ar . A lj ay

'

o r . A sh r ub o r sma l l tree. Sea

coa sts , Ch ua C h u K ang .

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6 8 THE FLORA OF SI NG APORE

fl owers and l arge grey pear sha ped mangoes , very un

p l easan t to eat. Ju rong , B lakang Mat i , etc . Cu l t i vated .

M . Icemanga B l . K emang . Probab l y on l y cu l t i vated, rare .

M . i nda'

co L.

“ Mango . C u l ti vated.

A naca rdi um occi rlen ta l e L . Cashe w .

“ Gajus. Cu l ti vatedand often establ i sh ed . Common n ear the sea .

l l elunorrlzea Jl a z'

ngayi Hook . fi l . Rengas Manau . A bi gtree w i th wh i te fl ower s , and red 5 -w i nged fru i t . A we l lknow n t i mber. Common , Buk i t T i mah , Changi , K ran j i ,Sel i tar.

P ar i s/15a pu’

bescens Hook . ti l . A l ofty tree , 1 50 feet ta l l , floweringbefore t he l ea ves come c ut , flowers wh i te . V ery rare ,Da l vey Road .

P . paucijug/a Eng l er . Rare , Buk i t Ti mah .

P . Ma i ngayi Hook . fi l . Garden j ung l e .

Campnospcrma G1 {fl i t/m Ho'

ok . fi l . Teruntang. A large tree,w i th big l eaves especi a l ly wh en young . Common

,Buk i t

T imah .

(I. a uri cu la ta Hook . fi l . Common i n woods . Tang l i n

,Buk i t Ti

mah , Sel itar . Teban .

0 , Wa l l i s/m K i ng . Da l vey Road , Buk i t Mandai , Toas .

Melanochy la aur i cu la i a Hook . fi l . A big tree,w i th v ery large

stiff l eaves and pan ic l e s o f gree n flowers fer t i l i zed i n th eeven in g by brow n cockchafers. Wet, j u ng l es

,Chan Ch u

K ang.

Draccntomclum ma ngi/‘

rrum Bl . Rare , Ch ua Ch u K ang .

(JONNARACExE .

Conna rus ferruf/ z'

neus Jack . A scandent sh ru b. Not common ,

Buk i t Manda i .

THE FLO R A o r S I NGAPO RE . 6 9

C. semidecandrus Jack . A ha l f scanden t bu sh w i th l i lac flowers ,and red pods con tai n i n g on e b l ack seed w i th a red ar i l .Dry open cou n try , Toas , Chang i , Sel i tar, Buk i t Manda i .

C. o l z'

yophg/ l /us W a l l . Buk i t Manda i , Changi .

(7. grandis Jack . Loca l . Changi , P u l au Ubi n .

C. el l ip ti cu s Ki n g . Buk i t Manda i .

E l la’

pa n th us Gm’

fii lkz’

z Hook . fi l . A tree w i th sma l l wh i te flowersG a rden j ung l e .

Rourea acumz’

na ta Hook . fi l . S i ngapore , W a l l i ch No t seen .

R . p u lchel la P l an ch . Lofty c l i mber . Garden j u ng l e , Chang i .

R . rugosa P l an ch ; “ Sem i l at p u t i h . Common , Chang i Road ,Sel i tar.

R . para l l ela P lan ch . Sunge i B u l uh , Changi , K ran j i .

R fu lgcns P lan ch .

‘3 Sem i l at . A ta l l s l end er c l i mbe r w i th pi nkand wh i te flowers . The young leaves of a beau ti fu l p i n k ,when ce the spec ific name . A very beau t i fu l p l an t . Thebark is u sed by na ti ves for co l i c . V ery common , Tangl i n ,Buk it Ti mah , Teban .

R. conco lor Bl . No t rare. Teban,Reservo i r W oods , Chan Ch u

Kang .

A gelaea vestz'

la Hook . fi l . Akar Kachang-kach an g. A c l i mberw ith sma l l p i nk i sh flowers and red ve l vety pods . Com

mon i n forests,Tang l i n

, Sumbawang , Buk i t T i mah ,Chang i

A . Wa l l z'

cba'

z’

Hook . fi l . Akar Kachang jan tan . Chang i .

A . Hu l lettz z K i ng . Loca l , Changi .

Cnestz’

s Tami/fora Gr i ff . A c l i mber w i th br i l l i ant p i n k shoots ,wh i te flowe rs , and large pear-shaped red fru i ts . Commoni n d ry woods and open coun try . Tang l i n , Changi , Tanj ong Penj u ru .

a 7 0 THE FLO RA OF SINGA PO RE .

LEGUMINO SJE .

A brus precawr i a s L. A s lender c l im ber w i th pa l e l i lac flowersand red and b l ack seeds . A var i ety w i th wh i te seedsoccu rs and i s h igh l y pr i z ed by th e na t i ves a s a med icin e .

Sea shores , Chang i .

Cromlari a a la ta Ham .

“ Kachang Han tu Darat . A h erbw i th ye l l ow flowers . Loca l waste ground , Tangl i n ,Changi , Ju rong , Ang Mo K io .

I". retusa L . A g l au cou s h erb w i th showy orange ye l l ow flo

wers . Sandy shore s , Changi .

C. Se l l iana And. A common weed i n waste g rou nd , and sandyp l ace s , ye l l ow flowers . Ch angi , Ga l ang , etc .

0 . quz'

nquefo l ia L . Rare , K ran j i .

C. i ncana L . F l owers ye l l ow . Sea sh ore , Tanah Merah .

F lemi ngi a strobz’

l z’

fera Br . A sh rub . Sea shores , no t'

common ,

Chang i , B l akang Ma t i .

V igna retusa Wa l p . A sma l l ye l low ve tch . Sea sh ores , Ch ang i ,B l akang Ma t i .

( V . Ca tz'

ang End.

“ Kach an g Perut Ayam . C u l t i vated . )

(P acbyrr/z i z us angu l a tus Rich . Bengk uang .

’

The yam bean i s cu l t i vated . )

(Do l z’

chos L a blab L. Karkaras”

. F lowers b l u e o r wh i te , cultivated.)

P 3017b.oca rpus tetragono lobus De C . Kachan g Botor . lul tiva

ted.)

(Cl i torea Terna tea L. Cu l t i vated . )

C. cajan zjfo l z’

a Benth . A sh ru b w i th l arge l i lac wh i te flowers ,natu ra l i sed from B raz i l , rou nd Tang l i n , etc . V ery common .

“ Sen gk uang .

Centrosema P lumz’

erz‘

Ben th . The Bu tterfly pea , c l imber,flo

were wh i te w i th dark cr i m son cen tre . Natu ra l i sed i nh edges near town .

" THE FL ORA O F SI NGA PORE . 7 l

( Ca nava l z'

a ens ifarmi s De C . Kachang Parang . C u l t i vated . )

C'

. l i -izea la De C . A_creep i _ng bean w i th p ink flowers sweet

scented , bean s ea tabl e . Sea sh ores , common , Chang i ,B l akan g Ma t i .

C. obtusifo l z’

a De C . A c l imber on bushes , flowers p i n k . Beanssa id to be poi sonou s . Sea shore s , Toas , Changi .

Ill ueuna giga n tea De C . C l i mber , flowers green i sh wh i te . No tcommon , B l akang Mat i .

l l . bip l ibuta Teysm . F lowers pu rp l e . Chan Ch u Kang .

(E rgt/zrm a str icter and E . l i th osperma Miq. are p l an ted here andthere , but no t w i l d . )

Spa t/10 10 6143fem ugz’

neus Ben th . Akar Sejanga t . A bi g l iana ,one of th e best of th e wa ter v i nes , c l i mbing to th e topsof th e h ighest t rees , flowers d eep pu rp l i sh sma l l . Common

,Tang l i n

,Chan C h u Kang , etc.

S . Manager/ i F ra i n . F low ers rosy . W oods , B uk i t T i mahGarden j ung l e .

S . R z

’

rl l ey i Prain . Big c l i mbe r , flowers w h i te . Ga rden s,Chan

Ch u K ang .

Indigo/”

era h i rsute L. Sea shore , Te l uk K u rau .

Sesbam'

a pa l udosa Roxb . Rare . Marsh near K ran j i .

( S . grandijlm a l’ers . Tree W i th large wh i te or p i n k flowers .C u l t i vated for i ts flowers , and fo r the l ea ves eaten as av egetab l e . )

( k lu '

osz'

a ca ndida De C . gi ven for S i ngapore i n the “ Mater i a l s,

i s on ly a garden p lan t . )T. Il oo/rer z

’

ana W . A . W as te grou nd , Bidada ri , probabl y an

escape .

M i l /atri a er z’

a nt/u t Benth . A l o fty c l i mber w i th coppery red

flowers w i th a green ish yel low cen tre to th e standard ,ou ts i de co vered w i th gol den fu r. No t very common

,

Buk i t Mandai , Garden j ung l e .

7 2 THE FLO RA OF SI NGAPORE .

M . M a z'

ngay z’

Bak . A big c l imber with large hangi ng pan i c l e so f p i nk flowers de l i ci ou s l y scen ted . Pods ob l ong woody

,

abou t 4 i n che s long , one seeded , w r i n k l ed and coveredw i th fi ne grey fu r . No t common , Tang l i n , Chan Ch uK ang , Reservoi r woods .

M . a trolm rpurea Ben th . i s probab ly no t w i l d here . A fi ne treeoccu rs i n a gard en i n Paterson Road .

P ongamz’

a glabra V en t. Ma lapart. A tree w i th p i nk flowers .

Common on th e sea coasts . Chang i , Siglap, Jurong,Pu l au Ubi n .

Derr zs sz'

nua ta Thw. Woody c l i mber , flowers green an d wh i te .

T ida l r i vers , P u lau Ubi n .

thyrsiflora Ben th . Scande n t bu sh , flowers i n den se erectpan i c l e s

,wh i te , pods l ong and th i n , redd i sh wh en wh i te .

V ery common in ope n co un try , Tang l i n , C hangi , etc .

u l z’

gz’

nosa Ben th . Akar Ketui l Scanden t sh rub,

fl owersp i n k . Common on sea coasts and by t i da l ri vers Ri ve rsV a l l ey Road , Changi , P u l au Ubi n , K ranj i , Bajau .

I) . scandens Benth . F lowers wh ite . Pu l a u Merambong.

D. amaz na Ben th . C l i mbe r , flower s p i nk . No t common , Garde n Ju ng l e .

( l ) . el l ip l z'

ca Ben th . Tuba . O ften cu l t i vated for k i l l ing insectson vegetab les , and catch i n g fish ) .

D. M a laccensi s Pra in . F lowers p i nk . Ju ron g , Sel itar .

obl onga . Be n th . F lo wers dark pi n k . Chang i (No .

D. 8p .w i th very ve l vety l ea ves . Rare , Chan Ch u Kang ,Chang i

A'

unstler i a Ri dlez/ i Pra in .

ale Big c l i m ber , flowers smal l pu rp lea l most b l ack . W oods , common but rare l y flower i n g .

Garden j u ng le , Seli tar.

Dower-

gin s yh ulum . Benth . A woody c l i mber w i th sma l l

THE FLO RA O F S I NG A PORE . 7 3

g reen i sh wh i te flowers . W ood s common , Tang l i n,Ch angi , Pu l a u Ubi n , Sumbawang .

V ar . Scor tec/rz'

n i i . Buk i t Ti mah

D . relu l z’

na Ben th . Rare,Chang i .

J) . pseudos z'

ssco M iq. C l i mber , flowers wh i te . Common, Ga r

den j ung l e,Buk i t Manda i , Chang i , Sel i tar , Baj au .

D. 11 n l /el l i i Pra in . F l owers wh i te prod u ced whe n th e l ea vesa re fa l l en . Rare

,Thomson Road , Sel itar.

l ) . torta Grah . C l i mber , flowers wh i te . Mangro ves and seashores . Common , Pu l au Ubi n , Kranj i , Pu l au Damar .

P terocmym s z

’

ndz’

cus “Ti l ld. The Angsana , or Sena , p l an ted on l y .

Z orn z'

a cl z’

p/ty l l a Pe t's . P rostra te herb , flowers ye l l ow . Sandyp laces

,Ga l ang ,

Chang i .

Ura r z'

a cr i n i ta'

Desv . Sma l l sh ru bby p lan t wi th a ta l l Sp ikeof b l u e flowers , very beau t i f u l ; on banks sporad i ca l ly .

Orch ard Road , Scott’s Road .

A lysz'

carpus ragz’

na l i s Miq. A s l ender h erb, flowers b l ack pu rp l e .

Changi , Te l u k K u rau.

V ar . n ummu la r vjo l ia P u l a u U bi n (K unstler) .

E schynomene i ndi ca L. Sh r ubby weed , Ga l ang .

Desmodz'

um Ir iflorum De C . P rostrate herb i n grass , flowers p i nk '

Common , Tang l i n , Chang i .

lwterop/ty l lum De C . Common over the who l e i s l and .

umbel la tum De C . A big sh r ub,

flowers wh i te . Sea coas tsa l l rou nd the is l and .

po lycmpum De C . A sh rubby p l an t w i th e rect racemes ofdeep cri m son , or rare ly wh i te flowers . Common i n opencoun try , Tang l i n , Chang i , Sel i tar , etc .

V ar . ova l ifo l ia . Rare , Ang Mo K io .

7 4 THE FLORA OF SI NGAPORE .

(fr /nasal macrodz’

sca Bak. A bi g tree , flo wers pi nk,pod rou nd

and fla t redd ish p i nk w i th a l a rge scar l e t and b lack seed .

Rare , one tree i n C l u ny Road .

(A pa rr zfo l i a Bak . No t a very la rge tree , l ea ves sma l l deepgreen , fl owers wh i te , pod rou nd , seed red . No t rare .

B l akang Ma ti , Changi , Pas i r Pan jang , Reser vo i r.

0 . mi crosperma Bak . V ar . Ri tl l ey i . Tree abou t 50 fee t ta l l , flower swh i te . Rare

,Se l i ta r, Tang l i n .

Ca ss ia obtus i /‘

bl ia L. A common weed w i th ye l l o w flower s .W aste grou nd

,Tang l i n

, Ga l an g .

C. Mrsu la L. A h ai ry weed w i th ye l l o w flowers . Common,

Tang l i n, etc .

occi clen ta l i s L. A common weed.

C’

. (clam, L.

“ Ge l enggang ,Dau n

_ K urap . Sh rub w i th sho wyye l l o w flowers . Common rou nd v i l l ages .

C'

. s i amea Lam . Tree , ye l l o w flowers . Occu rs near Tang l i n ,but dou b tfu l ly w i l d i n S i ngapore .

L esa/cenau l tia na De C . A pre tty sh rub l e t w i th ye l l ow flowers .

Common rou nd Tang l i n, Buk i t Manda i .

A'

umpass ia ma la ccensi s Main g . Kumpas. A g i gan t i c treew i th h ard red wood . Common a l l o ve r S i ngapore .

Dia l i um luur z’

num Bak . Kran i i , Buk i t T i mah .

J) . r’l l a i ngayi Bak . B uk i t Ti mah .

I) . l l'

a l l i c/m Pram . Common,Garden j u ng l e , etc .

The l l ia l iums are bi g trees,wh i ch sup p ly th e we l l known

t i mbe r K ran j i .” The fr u i t , a ve l ve ty b lack pod fi l led wi th aswee t pi th enc l os i ng a s in g l e seed , i s eaten by n at i ves and so l di n the shops .

B au’cz'

n i a pu rpu rea L . i s quo ted in books for S i ngapore , but i son ly i n cu l t i va t i on .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

7 6 THE FLOR A OF S I NGA PORE .

A denan l lzera pavem’

na L . Saga . Common l y p l anted and perhaps w i l d .

A . bi co lor Moon . A more compact tree than Saga , the seed sh a l f red and ha l f b -

‘

ack .

"

B uk i t Ti mah , B u k i t Manda i ,Bedoh

,Pas i r Panjang

,e tc .

Nepfum'

a o l eracea Lou r . The wa te r - sen s i t i ve p l a n t a float i n gp lan t wi th br i gh t ye l l ow flowers C u l t i vated as a vegetab l e and former l y very a bundan t i n S i n gapore , now rath e run common .

Xy l i a ( lo l rt /n’ifo rmi s Ben th . S i ngapore W a l l ich No . 5 279 . Th i sh as n e v er aga i n been fou nd i n th e pen i n su l a , and i s probab ly w ron g ly l oca l i sed .

L eucmna gl uuca Ben th . Occu rs near v i l l ages,doubt l ess p l a n ted

Jfi mosa pu rl i ca L . The se n si t i v e p l an t,i s a we l l know n pest

o ver th e who le i s l and .

31 . sep im i a Ben th . An i n trod u ced sh ru b very common a l ongth e Buk i t Ti mah Road , Da l v ey Road , and near th e Reservo i r .

A ca c ia para de-fu ton M iq. A scramb l ing th orny sh ru b . No t

rare,Bu k i t Manda i , Chang i , Toas , Chan Ch u Kang .

A . p cmm l a \V i l ld. A th orny c l i mbe r , c l i mb i ng very h igh . Tang‘l i n

,hedges and th icke ts .

Ser i a ntbes gr am l g'

fi om Benth . S i ngapore (W a l l ic h) . No t seen .

ZIl ln'

z z i a l i t/cra tes Tey sm . A tre e w i th pin k h eads of flowers .

Rare,Pu l a u Ubi n .

1 1 . 1) edicel l am Bak . Rare,K ran j i Road .

A . luci fla Ben th . S i ngapore Bak er, po s s ib l v from a cu l ti

vated spec i men .

A orlora ti .e.eimn Ben th . . l . Lab/ml; Ben th . A . mo luccana , some

THE FLORA OF SINGA PORE . 7 7

t i m es p lan ted , estab l i sh th emse l ves m many'

places .

P i tlzeco lobium du lce Ben th . Cu l t i vated on ly .

P . confer tum Benth . A tree , rare , Bedoh , Sel itar .

P . buba l i num Benth . Rath er rare,Tang l i n .

loba tum Ben th .

“ Jer i n g . Tree w i th foe ti d pods,very

popu l ar w i th Ma l ay s . Common over th e who l e i s l and .

P . mi croca rp um Ben th . A common l i tt l e tree w i th wh i te flowersand bri gh t. orange cu r ly pods , very pretty when i n fru i t .Tang l i n , Chan Ch u K ang ,

Buk i t T imah , etc .

I’. el l ip ti cum Hassk .

“ Jer ing h utan . A l arge tree w i th bigcu r l ed orange pods from wh i ch when r i pe h an g b l ackseed s co v ered w i th a grey b l oom . No t rare

, Sel itar

P u l au Ubi n .

cantor /um Mar t. Common , Tang l i n , Changi , Sel itar , etc .

P . c lypear z’

a Benth . Common , Sel itar, etc.

P . anqu la tum Ben th . V ery common i n O pen cou n try,woods

,

etc . Tang l i n,Chang i , Ch an Ch u Kang , etc .

Ro s acnzn.

P ari nar i um costa rum B l . A big tree w i th w h i te flowers andhard brown d ru pes w i th wh i te do ts . Rare , Chan Ch uK ang .

P .

'

0 blongijo l i nm Hook . fi l . Ba lau . A wel l k nown t i mbertree of great s i ze w i th l arge l ea ves wh i te beneath . Rare ,Buk i t Ti mah

,B uk i t Manda i .

P . Gr i /fi t/z ia num Benth . A bi g tree w i th deep green l eave s ,corymbs of wh i te fl owers and ye l l ow p l um- l i ke fru i ts

“

Loca l,Fort Cann i ng ,

Changi .

P . n i ti tlum Hook . fi l . Ke l a t Layu h utan ; A med i u m si zedtree w i th very sma l l red ea tab l e p l ums . Buk i t Manda iChan Ch u K ang .

7 8 THE FLOR A O F S I NGAPO RE .

P arastemon a rophg/ l lum De C . Sandy p l aces n ear the sea , Ch angi ,Chan Ch u K ang .

P y/geum Ma i ngayi Hook . fi l . Tree w i th wh i te flowers c l u steredon th e bran ch es . No t common , C l u ny Road .

P . Ia nceo l a zu nz Hook . ti l . “ S i ngapore Lobb .

’

Dou bt l e ss aner ror for Penang .

P . p o lystachymn Hook . fi l . A fa i r s i zed t ree,

flowe rs wh i tis h ,scen t o f a l monds . Common , Tang l i n

,Buk i t Timah .

P . persimi le K u rz . fare , K ran j i Road .

Rubus M o luccanus L. The common w i l d raspbe rry,fru i t red

sma l l and very poor . Th i cke ts o ve r th e who l e i s l and,

very common .

R . glomera lu s B l . I‘

doubt th i s than a vari e ty, it has a l onger

term i na l pan i c l e and more en t i re l eaves,and u sua l ly

rep l aces ty pi ca l R . M o l uccanus i n th e h i l l s ; I h a vega th ered it however i n Ju rong .

SAXIFRAGACE Z E.

P o lyosma fr agrans Benn . W a l l ich No . 8472 . Not seen .

P . R idl ejji K in g . Tree w i th wh i te flowers . Rare , Sel itar.

RHIZ O PHOREE .

n ’ucrona ta Lam . Belukup. A common mangroveu sed for fi rewood . A l l man grove swamps . Ju rong

, Bajau ,Changi

R . conjugate L.

“ Ak i t. ” Comm on , Bajau , Jurong , Se l itar.

C'

eri op s C'

ando l l eana A rn .

“ Tengah . Common . Bark u sed i ndye i ng e ith er a red brown when u sed a l on e

,or pu rp l e

or b l ack i n comb i nat i on w i th I nd i go .

B rugu i era er z’

opeta la W . and A . Common , Bakau , K ran j i , Ju rong .

B . gymnorln’

z a Lam . Common , Ju rong , Chang i , Sungei M iora .

THE FLO RA OF SI NGAPO RE . 7 9

B . car t/opby l lo i des B l . “ Baka u Pu t i h . V ery common , Ri ve rV a l l ey Road , Sel i ta r , Serangoon , Ju rong , Pu l a u Ubi n .

B . par triflom W . A .

“ Lenggadi . Common, Serangoon ,

Ju rong .

Cam l l ia Scorteclrz'

n i i K i ng . Tree , rare , Chang i .

P el l aca lyx ar i l la rz’

s Korth . Tree , common i n secondary grow th .

B uk it Timah , Tang l i n , Chan Ch u Kang .

P . S'

accarcl i anus Scor t . Tree . Common i n wood s , Buk i t Timah .

Gynotruches ax i l la r z’

s M iq. Ma ta Ke l i . Tree w i th whor l so f sma l l green i sh flowers , and very sma l l red or b l ackberr ies ; very common i n secondary j u ng le and woods

,

a l l o ver th e who l e i s l and .

A ui soplzy l l ez’

a di sti c-Iw Ba i l l . An e l egan t sh ru b w i th pend u lou sbran ches and di s t ichou s lea ve s . Common in woods ,Tang l i n

,Chang i , Se l i tar, etc .

A . Gr zfi tl z z z O l i ver . Rare , Ch an Ch u Kang .

COMBRETA CEJE .

Termi na l i a plz el locarpa Ki ng . Mampelam Babi . A treew i th sma l l w h i te flowers and la rge green fru i t . No trare i n damp spo ts i n woods , Buk i t Manda i , Ho l l androad

,Buk i t Panjang , Chan C h u K ang .

T. Ca tuppa L.

“ Ke tapang . Common a l ong the coasts , ando ften p l an ted a long road s ides .

T. subspa t/zu la ta K i ng . A v ery l arge tree w i th w inged fru i ts .Near th e Garden j ung l e , Buk i t T imah Road .

Ca lycop l er isy‘

l ori bu ndrt Lam .

“ S i ngapore Lobb . Dou bt l ess anerror for Penang .

L umnz

’

tz em cocci nea W . A . Tree w i th pan i c l e s of scar l e tflowers . Common nea r the sea . Baj au , Serangoon , etc .

L . ra cemosa W i l l d . F lowers wh ite , Ju rong .

8 0 THE FLORA OF SI NGA PORE .

Combrctam tr ijo l i a tum V en t. I h a ve fo und fr u i ts of th is floati ng i n th e sea near S i ngapore .

0 . summi t-um Miq. C l i mber , flowers green , Changi , Chan Ch uK ang .

[Nix/ era appendi cul a ta B l . C l i mber , rare , Buk i t Timah .

‘M YRTA CEJE .

M el a l euca l eucadendr on L. Ge lam . \V i l d a t Tanah Merah,

near C hang i . Kampong Ge l am may perhaps take i ts namefrom tree s former l y grow i ng here .

Tr istan ia l V /z z’

tia na G r i ff . i n Can tor’s P l a n ts . Jou rn .

‘

A s . So c .

Benga l x x i i i . p. 6 23. T. l‘

g/rtz‘

ana G r i ff. Mss accordi ng to F lor . B r i t . I nd ia , but G ri ffi th named i t a fte r ac l ergyman of th e name of \V h ite. Pulawan .

”A tree

40 fee t ta l l w i th red bark wh i ch flakes off and l i es i n pi l e sa t th e foo t of the tree : fl owers wh i te

,foe t i d . Sandy

spots near the sea , Baj au , P u l a u U bi n .

T. Sp. flowers sma l l w h i te , l ea ves more cor iaceou s . W ood s,

Buk i t Ti mah , Buk it Manda i .

T. M erguen’

si s Gr i ff . Sunge i Mora i .

( T. rufescens P i e rre . A sh r ub m uch r esemb l i n g S i deroxg/ l on

ferrugz’

neum , apparen t l y th i s Coch i n Ch i n ese p l an t occu rson c l i ffs of the i s l an d Pu l au Battam , Sou th of S i ngapore . )

R/todamn ia tr i nerva Bl . A med i u m - s i zed tree w i th wh i te flo wers ,of te n as wh i te as Haw thorn when i n flowe r ; berr i es redtu rn ing b l ack . V e ry common a l l o ver S i ngapore . Thev ar . conco lor w i th l eaves green on bo th su rface s grows i nsh ady pl aces ; var . spectabz

’

l z’

s w i th the backs of the l ea vess i l very i s common i n open coun try , but th e two var i eti e spass i n to each other and are often i nd i sti n g u i shab le .

R /zodomyrtus tomen tosa W i gh t. Kamun t i n g . A bu sh w i throsy or wh i te flowers

,fru i ts p l u m - co l ored , eatab l e . A bu n

dan t i n sandy Spots . Mt. Faber , B l akang Mat i , Chang i .

TUE FLORA O F S I NGA PORE . 8 l

Decuspermum Ira n ian /a l um Kurz. A sh rub or sma l l tree , flowerswh i te. Common in th icke ts a nd wo ods . Buk i t Timah ,Buk i t Manda i , Ju rong ,

Chan Ch u Kang .

E ugen ia . Th i s gen u s of trees . probab l y the l arges t one k nown ,i s a ver y d i ffi cu l t one , a nd th e i den ti fi ca t i on of many ofth e Spec i es i n th is l i s t m us t be somewha t doubtfu l a t

presen t. A l l i n S i ngapore are trees of no v ery great s i ze ,w i th wh i te , p i n k or rare ly green flowers . Those w i thl arge flowers and fru i ts are u su a l ly k nown as Ja rnbu , byth e Ma l ay s , those w i th sma l l e r flowers

,as Ke l at .

(Sec t . J ambosa ) Mu l rwcens i s L.

“ Jambu Bo l . F l owe rsl arge br i l l i an t pi nk , fr u i t l arge wh i te or p i nk , eatab le .

Cu l ti va ted . )

(E . aquea Bu rm . Jambu Ayer Mawar . F lowe rs wh i te , fru i tsern i transparen t rose or wh i te , ea ten . C u l t i vated ) .

Jambos L. F lowers wh i te . Cu l t i v ated) .

E . detest/Zo ra De C . F l owers pi nk , fr u i t g l obu lar p ink ish , no t

rare , Chang i , S iglap, Buk i t Manda i , Buk i t T i mah road .

E . gra ndi s W i gh t. “ Ja rnbu Aye r Lau t .

” K r ian . Commonon th e sea coas t and p la n ted a l ong th e roads . A big treeflowers wh i te . W i l d , a t Baj au , Changi .

lep idocmp a W igh t. Sarn ak Tebrau . B ig tree , flowerswh i te ; bark u sed for tan n i ng ne ts . Common on the seacoast and i n l and . Tang l i n , Baj au , K ran j i , Changi .

fi l ijbrm i s W a l l . K e l a t Lap i s . Sma l l tree w i th sma ll wh i tefl owers on l ong ped i ce l s , common i n woods . GardenJung l e

,Chang i

, Sel itar , Tanj ong Go l .

i nop /zy l la Roxb . Sarn ak P aya . Chan Ch u Kang .

pendens Duth i e . Dense woods , Buk i t T imah .

E . Heifer i Du th ie .

“ S i ngapore Lobb. No t seen ; probab lyfrom Penang .

E '

(Syz ygium) (y r/ l oser Lam . K e lat Merah . Sma l l tree , flowers

82 THE FLOR A OF S I NGA PORE .

wh i te . Ben tl ey ’s H i l l (Hu l l et t) , Changi , Teban , Pu l auTekong .

myrh’

jcl z'

a Roxb . R i ver banks and near th e sea . Sunge iMora i

,Se l itar , Sunge i Ju rong .

acumi ua tisw'

ma K u rz . A big tree , flowers wh i te , fru i t pu rp l e .

Garden Jung l e , Jurong .

al ert/fo ra Roxb . and E . l ep tcm t/za “r i gh t . “ S i ngapore and

Penan g , W a l l ich . No t seen ; probab ly bo th fromPenang .

z ery l am‘

crc W igh t . Kel a t Nasi -Na s i . Sma l l tree , flowersand fru i ts wh i te . Dry sandy spots , u sua l l y near the se a .

Common , Tang l i n , Chang i , Toas , K ran j i .

clrl o rcm tz’

ra Du th i e . A ve ry h andsome tree w i th br ig h t p i n kflowe rs . The name i s a very u n fortuna te one , th e pe ta l sare green i s h wh i te but very i ncon sp icuou s besid e th e

br i l l i an t red s tamen s . C l u ny road Buk i t T i mah , TanjongGo l .

l i n t/ a ta B l . One of ou r commones t trees i n open cou n try ,fl owers and fru i ts COpious wh i te . Tang l i n , etc . whol ei s l and .

pyr i /bl z’

a W a l l . C l u ny road,Chang i .

l umra Roxb . Gard en Jung l e .

scopa i z'

u W a l l . S i nga pore (W a l l ich 25 94, no t i den t ified ) .venul osa W a l l . No t common , Tarnpen is , B uk i t Manda i .obl ongi /o l z

’

a Du th i e . Garden Jung l e , Chan C h u K ang .

subtlecussa ta W a l l . Sarnak P u l u t . Garde n j u ng l e , C hang i .Toas .

ob/a ta Roxb . Chan Ch u K ang .

pup i l /use Du th i e . B ig tree w i th red flaky bark . Wet j u ng l e scommon , C l u ny road , Buk i t T imah , Buk i t Mandai .

brac‘

l ec l a l a . Garden Jung l e .

l acri cuu l i s Du th i e . P u l a u Ubi n .

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84 THE FLOR A OF S I NGAPORE .

M. decemfidum Jack . S i ngapore , W a l l i ch . (Ev id en t l y an e rrorfor Penang . )

Oclzfl zocfza r z'

s ja r a n i t'

a B l . Sh ru b w i th p ink i sh fl owers . Commoni n mangro ve swamps . K ran j i

,Chan Ch u K ang

,Ju rong ,

P u la u Ubi n .

0 . bor neensi s Cogn . Rare,t i da l r i vers

,Sel i tar .

0 . pa n i cu la ta Kor th . S i n gapore , \V a l l ich , 4083. (No t seen ) .

So ner i la bem ’

ol fl iyl la Herb . Den se wood s , Ch an Ch u K an g ,

Buk i t Ti mah .

S . mo luccene Roxb . Den se woods , Chan Ch u K ang .

S . o bl ique Ko r i /z . Herb,l eav es dark g reen spotted w i th wh i te

wh en you ng ,fl owers rosy . Rocks and dead trees i n

fores ts . Common,Buk i t Ti mah .

M a ra /me r/zo z locerpa Jack . A c l i mber w i th l arge h andsom eflowers wh i te w i th a pu rp l e ey e . Common , Tang l i n ,Ju rong

, Buk i t Ti mah , Ch oa Ch u K ang , Sel itar.

Dissoclz rr ta pu nch / la te Hook . fi l . C l i m ber . Buk i t Ti mah , Buk i tManda i

,Sel itar .

pa l l z’

de B l . C l i mbe r,

flowers rose co l ored . No t. common,

Reser voi r woods, Buk i t Manda i .

I) . a nnu lem Hook . fi l . \V oods,Buk it Timah , Buk i t Manda i

Sel itar .

I) . greci l z’

s Bl . S l e nd er c l i mber , flowers wh i te . Buk i t Manda i,

Buk i t T imah , Pu l au Ubi n .

cel cbi ce B l . Common, Buk i t Ti mah , Reser vo i r woods , Sel i tar ,

Cha n Chu Kan g .

I) . z'

n tcrmerl z’

a Bl . R are,Buk i t Manda i .

A np l ccti um gla ucum Triana . A fi ne c l i mber w i th rosy fl owers.\V oods . Gard en j u ng l e . Buk i t Ti mah , Re se r vo i r , Se l ita r.

A . a nnu la /e Tr i an a . Rare , Pu l au U b i n .

THE FLOR A OF S I NGAPOR E . 8 5

ri l edi n i l le Hassel fi i Bl . Epi phy te wi th p i nk flowers and scar l e tberr i es . Common i n mangro ve s and damp woods , Kranj i ,Baj au , B uk i t Mandai , Choa Ch u Kang.

M.

“

macroce i pe B l . Ra re,Buk i t Manda i .

J/ edz’

uz’

l l opsi s sessz'

l i /l ora Cogu . Epi phy te , w i th waxy p i nk flowers .Mangro ve swamps , common , Toas S e l itar , Kranji ,

'

Sungei

B u l oh .

P aolo/cen tral macrorrb z’

z e Becc . Epi phyte w i th swo l l en s tem ,

flowe rs p i nk . No t rare, Sel i tar , S ungei Mora i .

P . gl auca Tr i ana . Ep i phy t i c , form ing l a rge tu fts on tree s i nwoods . Common , Buk i t Timah road , B uk i t Manda i , K ran j iSunge i Bu l oh , Choa . Ch u Kang .

These two Pach ycen tria s a re c l assed by Beccar i as an t- p l an ts(P i ante h ospita tric i ) , but th e an ts do n o t l i ve i n the

swo l l en stem s as su ggested by h i m , th e swo l l e n port i on sbe i ng qu i te so l id .

P ogo nentlrere refl ema B l . Ep i ph y te . more rare l y terrestr ia l , u su a l l yn ear th e sea , K ranj i , Chang i , Se l itar , Toas , Buk i t Ti mah .

( Cl i t lema lu'

r ta Do n . A coarse weed , n a t i ve of So u th Amer i ca,

has estab l i sh ed i tse l f i n Tang l i n , near Fort Cann ing ande l sew here . )

Prerna ndre capi fel l am Jack . Tree , flowers . b lue , no t common ,Toas , Sel itar .

P l . cmru lesceim Jack . Common Tang l i n , Chang i , Chan Ch u Kang .

P t. pen i cu l e /e Ben th . Rare , Chan Ch u K ang .

Ir'

z'

lmsse wh i ne /ct Jack . S i a l Munah o n . A common tree w i thpa l e v i o l e t fugac iou s flowers . Drv woods , wh o l e i s l and .

l r'

. acumi nn l a Dcne. Co l l ected here by “Ta l ker andMa ingay ; no t

seen .

J/ emecy/ l on . Trees w i th sma l l b l u e or wh i te flo wers ; a verydiffi cu l t gen u s , as th e specie s appear to r u n i n to each other .

8 6 THE FLOR A OF SI NGA PORE .

JJ. myrsi noz'

dcs Bl . Bu k i t Mandai .

M . paucfflorum B l .“ S i n gapore , Lobb. Not seen .

l rrr z'

ga lum B l . “ Du l ek . Common on th e coasts , K ran j i ,Sungei Bu l u h , Bu k it Mandai , P u lau Tekong .

acumz’

na tum Bl . Th ick wood s , Baj au , Buk i t T imah .

gra nule Re tz . A very handsome p l an t, wi th pan ic l e s of b l u eflowers . Se l itar , Garden j u ngl e , Serapong , Fu lauMera

wan .

h eterop leurum B l . Ni pi s K u l it . Garden Ju ng l e , Chang i ,B uk it Mandai .

M . amp len i oau l e Roxb. Rare , Ch an Ch u Kang .

p . Garden’

jungle

M. sp.Buk i t T imah

M . sp. Leaves very narrow . Garden j u ng l e

M . Sp. Sunge i Mora i

LY THRA CEZE .

P empt i e acidu le Fors t. A bu sh w i th wh i te flowers . Sea coasts ,not common , Changi , Sel itar .

L agersfroemz’

a F [cs-Regina; Re tz . G i ven for S i n gapore i n K i ng’sMater i a l s ,

” i s no t w i l d h ere.

Son ncrafz'

a . Large sea - sh ore trees , often grow ing i n th e seai tse l f .

aca‘

rle Li n n . Leaves narrow , stamens red . Rare . Ba lestier

p l a i n s , by streams .

a loe Smi th . Berombong. Big tree , common , stamen s wh i te.Ju ron g , Chang i .

Grg‘

fliflm K u rz “ Pedada . Toas , Chang i , Ju rong.

THE FLORA OF SINGA PO RE . 8 7

ONA GRA CEAL

Herbs or sh r ubs .

Je ssi e/ a t'

epens L. F l oat i ng i n streams w i th swo l l en pi thy floa tsF l owers w h i te w i th a ye l lo w cen tre . Tang l i n .

J . sufl'

ru tz’

cosa L. Sh r ubby , abou t 5 fee t ta l l w i th ye l l ow flowers .

Common Serangoon , Ka l l ang , Thomson Road .

J . (mgusti/o l ia Lam . Herbaceou s , abou t 2 feet ta l l , near l y g l abrous . Commo n i n wet Spots .

L udwz‘

gi e prostra te Roxb . A sma l l h e rb w i th sma l l ye l l owflower s . Common in wet spo ts , Tang l i n , etc .

SAMYDACEE .

Trees o r sh rubs w i th u s u a l ly ve ry sma l l i ncon spicuou s flowers .

Casea r z'

e Lobbz’

a ne Tu rcz . A sma l l sh r ub , no t a tree as i nK i ng’s “ Ma te r i a l s , u sua l ly abou t 3 fee t ta l l . F lowersm i n u te green , capsu l e orange w i th red seeds . Commoni n woods a l l o ver S i ngapore .

0 . escu’cn te Roxb . W oods , Sembawang , Sel i tar .

C'. Cl a r/vei K ing . Rare , Ch ua Ch u Kang .

Osmel z’

a Jr'e z

'

ngayi K ing . Tree , no t rare , Buk i t T imah , K ranj i ,B uk i t Mandai , Toas .

Homa h'

um grc‘

mdifl’orum Ben th . Tree , rare , K ran j i .

PA se LOREAa

Modecce S z‘

ngnp oreene Mast . C l i mber , flowers green , caps u l ered with

'

b lack seed s i n a wh i te ar i l . Common , Tang l i n ,B uk it T imah , Buk i t Mandai , Sel i tar , P u l a u Tekong .

J] . popu l ijbl z'

e B l. Less comm o n , Baj au.

[Jess i/l o re fwtida has estab l i shed i tse l f i n was te grou nd nearTang l i n and e l sewhere , as h a ve to a sma l l er ex ten t P .

suberose , P . mi na’

ma , and P . quadra ngu l ar is .

88 THE FLOR A OF S I NG APORE

Cuocnnrr a osm.

A good many of th ese are cu l t i vated by th e Ch i n ese h ere,bu t very fe w are w i ld.

S l end er c l i mb i n g pumpk i n s w i th wh i te fi mbr i a tetu bu l ar flowers

,open ing abou t ten o’c l ock at n igh t , and egg

shaped cr i mson fru it ye l l ow i n s ide th e fla t seed s enc l osedi n a dark green s l i my pu l p . They are sa id to be poi sonous ,but are u sed by th e na t i ves i n med i c i ne , th e pum pk i nbe i n g squash ed on the head to cu re headache .

l V e / l ic/z z’

a na W igh t . V e ry common i n woods and h edges ,a l l over S i ngapore .

T. l V awra ei Co r/ n . No t ra re, Tang l i n .

T cel ebi ca Cogu . Lea ves deep green ra ther sti ff a nd sh i n i ngt r i fo l i a t'e ; The fru i t much l arger and cy l i nd r ica l ob l ong .

Tang l in,Choa Ch u K ang .

Common ly cu l t i vated and s ome t i m es occu rr i n g i n wasteg round are Lagena r i a t a h /ure

'

s Ser. Bo tt lego urd L ujz‘a azayp ti aca

M i l l . “ Peto l a ;”JIo nwrdi ce cba t'a n ti a L ; C

’

ucumi s sa ti re “ T i‘

1 T

mon ,c ucumber : C-z tru l lus tru lga r z s Schrad . a ter me l on ;

L’

u cu rbz’

ta mosclza ta Duch . C. pepo De C . Labu , and B eni ncasecerifera Sa v i . “ K u nd u r .

FIOOIDEJE .

Sesuvium p ortu la cast i um L . Herb,

flowers p i nk . T ida lChang i

,Tampen is road .

JIo l l ugo s tr z’

cta L. Tapak Bu rong . A sma l l weed wrth wh i teflowers . Common

,Tang l i n

,Changi .

UMBELLIFEBJE .

Th i s order , as e l s e where i n th e trop i cs , i s very scan t i l yre presen ted . I have dou bts as to any of the spec i es bei ng nat i ve .

Hydroco tyle asie tz’

ca L.

“ Pegaga . A v ery var i ab l e creep i ngh erb

,mu ch i n request as a sa lad and as med ic i n e , i t i s

-

regu l ar ly co l l ec ted and so l d i n th e h erb s hops . V erycommon over the who le i s l an d i n g ras sy spo ts .

THE FLO RA OF SI NG APORE .

H .

-

rotundijbl i a Roxb. A very smal l - l ea ved spec i e s . Occ u rs i nflower bed s i n th e botan ic garden s as a weed .

E ryngi iun fag-( idem Jacq . A pr ick ly h erb w i th a na u seou s odou r .

Eaten by Ch i nese .

“

A bou t v i l l ages,Cha ng i , Choa Chu

Kang,etc . A nat i ve of the \V es t I nd ie s .

.ARALLA CE&L

A ra l édium'

p i n‘

na l ijidum M iq. Tingga l Ba l a i . A sh ru b or sma l ltree w i th l obed or en t i re l eaves , pan i c l e s of sma l l greenflowers and l arge drupes , at fi rst w h i te

,when r i pe b l ack

w i th an u n p l easan t soapy taste . Common , Bu k i t T imah ,Ju rong , K ranji .

H ep tap leu rum a rene Seem . Ep i phy te u sua l ly i n mangro ve swamps ,th e l o wer l ea ves are tr i fo l i o l ate , the u pper ones s i mp l e .

No t common , K ranj i , Sel i tar , Pu la u Ubi n .

H . cep /za l otes C l arke . A tree . On rock s , Bajau , K ran j i , P u l a u

H . subu l a lum Seem . Epi phy te on trees in woods , no t common ,Chua Ch u K ang .

H . el l ipticum Seem . Epi phy te . Buk i t T imah , Kran j i .

H . Ridleyi K i ng* An epi phy te , or a sh rub on rocks nea r the

sea . F l owers ye l l ow . No t rare , Kran j i , Sunga i Mora i .

H . H ul lettu K i ng . A beau t i fu l p l an t , w i th handsome fo l i age ,d ig i tate an d deep green . F lowers pu re w h i te i n l ongaxi l l iary pan i c l es , fr u i t sma l l pu rp l e . A tree

,often epi

phy t i c at fi rst . W oods , Chan Ch u Kang and Ch ua C h uKang .

A rt/zroplzyl lum divers zjbl ium B l . Jo l ok Han tu . A tree abou t“20 feet ta l l w i th green flower s and b l a ck fru i t , ve ry common a l l o ver S i ngapore in open coun try .

Co aNACEmL

Marl ea nobi hs C . B. C larke .

“ Sutuba l . Big tree. Rare , Buk i tT imah .

Jl . ebenacea C . B .

‘

Clarke. Li dah Kerba u ( Buffa l o tongue . )

9 0 THE FLO RA OF S I NGA PORE .

A very fine and l a rge tree w i th wh ite flower s . A goodt i mbe r ; th e fr u i t i s l arge an d deep pu rp l e . Ga rdenj u ng l e .

Al . G'

ri /ji l lz z‘

i C . B . C larke . Rare,Su nge i Bu l u h .

AI. Sp.

“ K ay u Tas . Rare , Ponggo l .Th i s tree i s s u pposed to h ave remarkab le powers i n d r i v ingaway t igers , and th e Ma l ay s of ten wear bi ts of i ts woodto protec t them from these an i ma l s .

Mas tisri cc Jungian /m i n im C . B . C larke . Garden j u ng l e .

CA PRIFO LIACE ZE .

V i burnum sambuci num Reinwdt . A large bu sh w i th wh i te flowers and red drupes. Rare , Road to K ranj i near Buk itManda i .

RUBIA cnas .

Surcocepha lus Ju ng/m lu z z’

i M iq.

“ Cherm i n Ayer . A med i u msi zed tree w i th ba l l s of sma l l ye l l ow i sh wh i te flowe rs andhard brown compact heads of fr u its . The t i mber i s pffa ir qu a l i ty and u sed for pos ts . \V o ods , Tang l i n , S iglap,Changi , Sel i tar.

S . subdi tus Miq. Rarer , K ran j i .

S . M a i /magi Hav . B uk i t T i mah Road .

S . sp. A bi g tree . Chan Ch u Kang

A di na ru bescens Hemst . Berambong. A ta l l tree w i th goody e l l o w t i mber , remarkab l e for th e cu r iou s na tu ra l ho l esor depress i ons i n the t ru nk . Common Tang l i n , Buk i tT imah .

Unw r ia . Akar K ai t -Kai t. There are a n u mber of k i nd s o fw i l d gambie rs , a l l are c l i mbers , and often c l i mb very h ighby the a id o f short hook - shaped bran ches , whence the

na t i ve n ame (Ka i t , a hook ) . Some atta i n a g rea t s i ze , asth ick as a man’s l eg , and these can be safe ly depended on

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9 2 THE FLORA OF SI NGA PORE .

Dentel la repens Fors t .

“ B unga K arang. A l i t t l e creep i ngweed w i th wh i te flowers . Common i n waste grou nd ,Tang l in

,Ga l ang

, etc .

A rgostenmm p arrifo l i um Benn . A . ela tos l emma Hook , and A .

sp i nu l osum C . B . C. , co l l ected by Lobb and l abe l l edS i ngapore , were dou bt l e ss m i s l abe l l ed . The A rgostemmas

are a l l h i l l p l an ts .

H edyo l i s cap z'

fel la ta W a l l . A c l i m b i n g p l an t w i th green i shhead s of flowe rs . Common i n th i ckets , Buk i t T imah ,Chan Chu Kang , Buk i t Manda i , Ch u a Ch u K ang .

resti ta Br . Tokong Bu l u . A rough branch i ng h erbw i th who r l s of l i l ac flow ers . W aste ground , B uk i t Panjang , Changi .

H . mm’

cu l ar z’

a L. Somewhat resemb l i n g th e l ast , but less ha i ry ,and w i th wh i te flowers . Common , Tang l i n , Chan Ch uKang

,Toas .

H . p imfo l z’

a W a l l . A common weed i n sandy Spo ts w i th narrowl in ear l eaves and wh ite flowers . Changi , Te l uk K u ra u ,var . coesp i tosa . A much more tu f ted form ,

grows i n th esam e p l aces .

I] . congesta Br .

“ R u mpu t Li dah J i n . A sti ff erect coarseh erb w i th wh ite flowers , common i n woods

,Tang l i n

,

Buk i t T imah , Ju rong , B l akan g Ma ti .

O lden la ndia corymbosa L. A common l i tt l e an n ua l weed i nwaste grou nd w i th wh i te flowers . V ery v ar i ab l e , th ev ar i ety a /s z n ifo l ia i s as common as any form . Tan g l i n

,

Chang i , etc .

0 . diyam L. Common i n sandy spo ts. Tang l i n,Changi ,

Ju rong .

0 . Heynci Br. Tang l i n i n grass p l ots .

0 . tri ner i i a Re tz Sandy p l aces, Ga l an g , Tang l i n .

0 . (l i e/10 1mm Retz ? F l owers v io l e t. Te l uk K u rau .

THE FLORA OF S I NGA POR E . 9 3

Opki orrlz z'

z a Har ri sz‘

ana Heyne . var . A sma l l h erb w i th wh i teflowers. It d i ffers from th e type i n be i n g ve ry m uchmore pubescent , and hav i ng pubescen t capsu l es , andi s perhaps a d i s ti n ct s peci es . Damp rocks i n j u n g l es .

Common , Chan Ch u Kang , Buk it T imah , Buk i t Mandai

,Ch u a Ch u K ang , P u l a u Ubi n , Ju rong.

Mussaenda glabra V ah l . Ba l ik Adap . A common and conspicuo us sh r ub wi th orange or ye l l ow flowers , a nd onel obe of the ca ly x de ve l oped i n to a l arge wh ite l eaf- l i kel imb . V ery var i ab l e . In th e typ i ca l form th e l ea ves arenarrow lan ceo l a te and g l abro u s i n a nothe r th ey are ovateand pubescen t . I n the var. setu l osa broad and rou ndedw i th br i st l es on th e m id r i b abo ve and pu bescen t benea th .

Common a l l o ver S i ngapore .

M. rariabz’

l a’

s Hems l . A ha l f scande n t sh ru b w ith large star - l i k eflowers

,a t fi rst scar l et , then orange. Common i n the

pen i n su l a,rare i n S i ngapore . Sel itar .

L uci nea mori nda De C . Loca l i n deep wet j u ng l e . Buk it Man da i,

Chan Ch u Kang .

Adenosacme l onn o l z’

a W a l l . A s l ender sh ru b abou t 3 feet ta l lw i th sma l l flowers , and tran s l ucen t wh i te berr i es . Damprocky rav in es . Buk i t T imah .

Lr0ph 1/ l l um S l e nder sh rubs , rare l y sma l l trees , w i th very sma l lw h i te flowers i n ax i l l ary c l u ste rs and ye l l o w or orangeberr i es.

U. Gr ifi th i anum W t . Common i n wood s , Chang i , Buk i t Ti mah ,Buk it Manda i , Sunge i Bu l u h ,

U. glabrum Bl . V ery common , B uk i t T i mah , Chan Ch u Kang ,

Garden j u ng l e ,

U. streptopodz’

um W a l l . Common , Garden j u ng l e , B uk i t Manda i ,Pu l au Ubi n .

U. h i rsu tum W t . Common , K ran j 1 , Toas , Sel itar .

U. t‘tl l osum W a l l . “ S i n gapore Lobb , probab l y an error for

Penang .

9 4. THE FLOR A OF SI NGAPORE .

Leca nan th us erubescens Jack .

“ A ch ar Achar . A s cramb l i ngepi phyte i n swampy j u ng l e . F l owers sma l l wh ite w i thpu rp l e bracts i n heads . Ch ua Ch u K ang

,Ju rong , Se l itar .

I'l’ebera fi agra ns Bl . “ Jarum Jar u m . Sh rub w i th green i sh

wh i te sweet flowers . K ranj i , Buk i t Timah , Tang l i n , Buk it Pan jang .

W . mo l l i’

s W a l l . Sma l l tree , Garden j u ng l e , Bu k i t Manda i , Sel itar.

W . gra ndifo l i a Hook . f . A sh rub w ith green i sh wh i te flowers .Chang i , B uk i t Manda i , North Sel i tar , Buk it Ti mah .

IV . Sp. Sh rub w i th wh i te flowers. Tampen is Sunge i Br i h .

IV . sp. Chan Chu Kang

Garrlcn i opsz‘

s longifo l i a Miq. Th i s cu r iou s sh rub grow s i n woodsThe fl owers are se l dom prod u ced , they are fa i r ly l argeand w h i te t i n ted w i th rose . Miquel

’

s descr i pt i on o f th ep l an t , as obtai n ed by h i m in Su matra , fi ts th e pen i n su l ars pec i es very we l l . Buk i t Ti mah .

R andi a fasci cu l a ta De 0 . A thorny sh ru b , common n ear the sea ,Chang i , Pas i r Panj ang , Ba lestier p l a in , Te l u k K u rau .

l ongiflora Lam . A strong spi ny c l i mber w i th l arge wh iteflowers . No t common . Garden j ung l e , Buk i t Ti mah .

L)

. angu l osa , Cambium angu l osum W a l l . A strong Sp i ny c l i mbe rl i ke the l ast , but w i th m uch sma l l er flowers i n den se h eads .It i s i ndeed re ferred to that speci es as a var i ety i n th eF lora of B r i t i sh I nd ia , but seems to me u tter ly d i fferen t .R are

,Garden j ung l e .

densiflora Ben th . Merumbong j antan . A fa i r l y b ig treew i th a good t i mber , flowers sma l l w h i te , berr ies o range .

Common on some Spo ts , Changi , Sel i tar .

ani sophyl la Jack . S i m poh . A med i u m si zed tree w i thsma l l wh ite flowers , and oblong green fru i ts , woody , conta i n i ng many flat seeds i n a swee t b l ack pu l p , eate n bymonkey s

, but sa id to be po i sonou s by the Ma l ay s . Common i n wood s

,and seconda ry j u ng l e a l l o ver S i ngapore .

THE FLORA OF S I NGA PORE . 9 5

R . macrop lu/ l l a Br .

" De l i ma h u tan . A sma l l sh ru b w i thl arge wh i te tr umpet- shaped flowers 4 in ch es across , wh i tew i th dark p u rp l e Spots i n the mou th . A most beau t ifu l p l an t. Common , Garden j u ng le , Changi , Buk i t T imah

, etc.

Garden i a tnbz’

fera W a l l . A'

sh rub or large tree w i th large swee tscen ted flowers Open i ng near ly wh i te and becom i ng orangevery qu i ck ly . Den se w oods and r i ver banks , no t verycommon here . Garden j ung l e

,Changi , the Reser vo i r .

G . Gr ifii t/m Hook . fi l . A s l ender s tra igh t tree , w i th m uch l arge rflowers than the l ast and very large g lobose fru i t. Lo ca l ,damp th ick woods . Buk i t T imah , Sel i tar , Su nge i Bu l u h ,Buk i t Manda i .

G . speci osa Ho okfi‘“ “ S i ngapore , Lobb , I ha ve no t seen . Th i s

fi ne garden ia has on ly b een co l l ec ted by Lobb and ne vermet w i th agai n .

P etunga venu l osa Hook Sma l l tree , possi b l y a d i s ti n ctspec ie s . Garden j ung l e .

Scyplz z'

p li om lzydrol i ley l l acea Gaertn . Ch ingum. A ve ry common sea shore sh ru b , w i th sma l l wh i te flowers . Theseed s may of ten be seen th row n u p on the sea shore i ngreat quan t i t i es . A l ong th e coast w i th mangro ves.

Jae/via orna ta W a l l . A ta l l s l ender tree about 20 fee t ta l l,w i th

d rooping pan i c l es of ros y wh i te flowers , and red fru i ts ,very bea u t i fu l . Common i n open swamps and wet borders o f woods . Da l vey road , Buk i t Ti mah , Chang i , Sel i tar .

Guetta rda speci osa L. A common sma l l o r med i u m sea - coasttree

,flowers wh i te

,Chang i , Sel ita r .

s on z'

us Jambosel la Thw . A very common tree 1 2 to 20 feet ta l l ,w i th sma l l ye l l ow flow ers . Secondary j ung l e e verywhe re.

T. Ii’

ump lm De C .

“ '

I‘

ula 11g-'

I'

ulang Paya . Common i n 880611dary j u ng l e

,who l e i s l and .

T. l ' z n l ctyson ianus W a l l . A sea ~ shore p l an t, flowers wh i te . Ti

da l ri vers , Serangoon , Chang i .

9 6 THE FLOR A OF SINGA PO RE .

Camb ium did/mum Roxb . Mata Ke l i j an tan . Tida l r i vers andoth er p l aces near th e sea. Common , Kran j i , Sel itar , P u l a uTekong .

C. gl abrum B l . A ta l l tree, 20 feet h igh , w i th sma l l gre en i shw h i te flowers and l arge grey -green pl u m -shaped fru itscon ta i n i n g two 3-s ided s tones . W oods

,Garden road , Toas .

C. confertum Korth . Garden j ung l e Sel itar, Pu l auTekong .

0 . sp. Gad ing . The wh i te wood , sugges t i n g i vory , gives iti ts na t 1ve name

,th e l eaves are u sed for mak ing a kmd o f

tea . No t rare,Tang l i n

,Thomson Road , Sel itar , Jurong

(6506)

C. Itorr idnm Korth . Bu l angan T ik u s . A sm a l l thorny sh ru b ,w i th sma l l g reen flowers and p l um - l i ke y e l l o w fru i ts .

Common espec i a l ly n ear the coast i n d ry spots . Tyersa l l ,Tanjong K atong

,Buk i t Timah , Changi , etc .

0 . scandens Bl .“ Akar K uk u Ban i ng ,

”l it. tor to i se -c l aws . A

thorny c l i mber w i th pu bescen t l ea ves , green flowers andb l ack f ru i ts . Th ick W oods , Garden j u ng l e .

l xora pendu la Jack . A pre tty sh ru b abou t 4 feet ta l l w i thc l u s ters of s l ender flowers wh i te w i th a p i n k tu be 0 11 l onghangi ng pedun c l es . F ru i t sma l l e l l i pt i c dark pu rp le .

Common i n th i ck woods . Garden j ung l e , Chang i , ChanCh u Kang ,

B uk i t T i mah .

I. opaca Br. W oods . Chang i , Buk i t T i mah .

I. fu lgens Ro xb . Bu nga Pechah P r i ok , l i t. th e broke n po t ,th e red spread i ng coro l l a l obes supposed to resemb le abroken earth e nware po t. One of the show ies t nat i vep l an ts , the splendid

‘

o range red tr u sses of flowers be i n gmost consp i c uou s . Common i n woods , Tang l i n , Buk i tT i mah

,Changi , P u la u Tekong , etc .

I. congesta Roxb. A s i m i l ar pl ant w i th broader l ea ves and

sh orter flowers . Common , Chang i , Chan Ch u Kang , Pul a u Ubi n , Garden j u ng le .

THE FLORA o r S I NGA PO RE . 9 7

I. conci n na Br . A sh ru b or sma l l tree , flowe t s red or ye l l ow.

Ra ther rare , Chan Ch u K a ng,Ch ua Ch u Kang.

[Jerr i/10m V ah l . A tree w i th sma l l ye l l ow flowers . Rare ,Chan Ch u K ang .

I. cunama W a l l . Sh ru b w i th orange red flo wers no t common ,Serembun ,

Ch u a Ch u Kang .

P rtvetl a i ndz’

ca L. Jarum -Jar um . A l arge bu sh w i th g reen ishwh i te fl owers , Kran j i , Buk i t Ti mah , Chan Ch u K ang .

ll or inda ci tr i/ o l z’

n L. Mengk ud u . A sma l l rare l y l a rge tre ew i th wh i te flowers , an d l a rge pu l py sem i tran s paren th eads of fru i ts . The bark of the roo t i s u sed for dye i n gand tann i ng ne ts , a l so in na t i ve med ic i ne . The fru i t i su sed as soap and ea ten . It i s very do ubtfu l ly w i l d ,though i t i s very commo n i n was te gro und .

tz nctor z'

a. Roxb .

" Mengkud u I‘Iutan . A sma l le r sh ru bbyp l an t w i th na r rower l ea ves poss ib ly the w i l d form ofthe preced i n g . Common e verywhere i n secondary j u ng l e .

pers z’

cwfo l i a Ham . S i ngapore (Ma ingay ) ; not seen .

JI, umbel lrt ta L . C l i mbi ng or erect sh ru b , h eads of fru i t sma l lorange . V e ry abu ndan t i n open co un trv near the sea .

Chang i , Pu l au U b i n .

sp. A ta l l c l i mbe r w i th s l end er s tems pu bescen t l ea ves andsma l l orange heads of fru i ts . Garden j ung l e .

Sp.

“ Su l ong Akar Da ra t. A scandent sh r ub w i th th ickl ea ve s pu bescen t a t the back , flowers few i n a headwh i te w i th a long tu be and pubescen t mou th , very fragran t . Borde rs of woods , Changi , Pu la u Ub i n , Pu l a uTekong .

P ri sma tomer is a l /n’

t l zfl urn Th w. A pretty sh r ub w i th wh i teflowers . O pen p l aces n ear th e coas ts , a l so i n swampywoods. Chang i , Baj au , Sel itar , near the Bunga l ow.

Gynoc/et/wrles su bl nnceo l nta Miq. A c l i mbe r w i th wh i te flowers

THE FLOR A OF SI NGA PORE .

and cu r i ou s l ead -grey fru i ts . Common near th e sea ,rarer i n l and, Chang i , Tang l i n .

G . bo z incea M iq. A much l arger broade r l ea ved p l an t . No tcommon , Changi , Garden j ung le .

A l a rge grou p of sh rubs o r c l i mbers w i th wh i te or

gree n flowers , and b l ack orange or w h i te berr i e s .

Sh rubs. Berr ies orange or black .

P . sta’

pu lacea W a l l . No t common,Buk i t T imah .

P .

’

a ngu la ta Korth . Changi , Gard en j ung l e .

P . Hel /‘

er z'

n na K u rz . Common , Gard en j ung le , Ju rong , Se l ita r .

Kranjt , etc .

P . J Jack . Fr u i t b l ack . Buk i t Timah Buk i tMandai , P u l au Ubi n .

Uraj/z‘

t/m Hook . fl l . Buk i t T i mah , Pu l a u Ubi n .

P . mon ta na var . {a bacr/h l i a \V a l l . S i ngapore , W'

a l l ich(No t seen . )

C l i mber s,berr i es wh i te or green .

P . p o lycrn‘

pa Niq.

“ Akar Ch in ta Mu la . Common i n h edges ,Garden j ung l e , Changi , K ranj i , etc .

sarmen tosa Bl . Common , woods , Serangoon , Chang i , Buk i tManda i , Sel itar .

P . Jl a i’

ngayi Hook . fl l . \'V oods , Se l i tar , Bajau .

P . mor i n rlcc/l o ra \V a l l . Ra th e r common , Su nge i Bu l uh , Buk itManda i , Chan Ch u K ang .

u rrn'

t lau W a l l . Co mmon , woods,Garden j u ng l e , Ju ron g ,

B uk i t Ti mah .

sp. w i th grey g reen fru i ts and l a rge lea ves . Rese rvoi r woods .

p . lea ves l anceo l a te , flowers green , Kran j i , A ng Mo K i o .

C’

ln z sa l n t cu rry/om Th w. Pechah l’iring puti h .

”A very

common and variab l e sma l l Sh r u b or herb , flower s wh i te

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

10 0 THE FLO RA OF SINGAPORE .

an ts , flowers sma l l wh i te , fru i ts orange j u i cy . CommonTang l i n , Se l itar , Su nge i Mora i , etc .

fl i grmecorh’

a ech z’

na l a Jack . Much resemb l es th e l ast, but i s

co vered w i th sp i n es . Rarer, Buk i t T imah , Ju rong .

P oerler z'

rt foeti rla L. Akar Sekun tut. A s l ender c l i mberw i th pan i c l es of v i o l e t and wh i te flower s . The wh o l ep l an t has an un p l easan t odor . No t common

,Ch an Ch u

K ang , Buk i t T imah .

P . tomen tosa Bl . S i ngapore (Fl . Br i t. I nd . ) no t seen .

Spermacoce ln’

s/n'

z la L. A common weed w i th p i n k fl owers .

Pa th s and waste grou nd,Tang l i n

,Cha ngi , Sel i tar , etc .

S . scaberr z’

ma B l . A rough s cramb l i ng herb , flowers wh i te .

W aste grou nd , Ch asse1 iau esta te .

S . neg/monies Bu rm . A prostra te h erb,

flowers wh i te . Roads ides , Choa Ch u K ang , Passi r Pan j ang , Gardens .

COMPO S ITE .

Th i s l arge order i s represen ted he re by fou r or fi ve nat i ve p l an tsand a n u mber of weeds i n trod u ced , but now es tab l i sh ed1n waste grou nd and su ch p l aces .

I'

ernon ia a rborea Ham .

“ Merambong . A l a rge t ree w i thl avender co l ored flowers . There are two form s of i t , on ea ta l l stra igh t tree 50 fee t h igh w i th perfect l y g l abrou sl ea ves , C l u ny Road

, etc ,and o ne more s tun ted and

gnar l ed w i th pu bescen t l eave s , Changi , Chan Ch u K ang ,

Ju rong , Ch ua Ch u K ang .

V . ci nrrm Less . A common l i tt l e weed w i th p u rp l e flowers ,g rows e verywhere .

clz z'

nens i s L . R uku Gajah . A l a rger rough h erb,

flowe rspu rp l e . Common i n v i l l ages

,C han Ch u K ang ,

Tang l i n,

Buk i t Manda i .

l'

. sca ndens De C .

“ '

1'ombak A c l i mbe r i n th ickets

,

flowers ye l l ow . Tang l i n, Buk i t Ti mah , Sel i tar , Chang i .

THE FLORA OF SINGA PORE . l o l

E lephantopus sca ber L. Tutu p bu m i . A very common weedflowers p i n k . W ho le i s l an d .

A rlenosfemma r i scosum Forst. A coarse herb w i th wh i te flowers ,waste grou nd near h ouses , Chan Ch u Kang , Pu l au Ubi n ,Buk i t Pan j ang .

z lgera tum cony z o i rles L. An ex ceed i ng ly common weed w i th b l u eor wh i te flowe rs

,e ve ry where .

Al i /ca nto sca ndens W i l l d .

“ A kar Ch uroma . A c l i mber w i thhang ing head s of flowers . T h icke ts , no t common , Ju rong ,

W ood sv i l l e .

E ri r/eron l i n ifo l i’

us VV i l ld Sumbong Jan tan . A l a rge coarseweed . W aste grou nd, Tang l i n , Sel itar , etc .

B l nmea l acera De C . An e rect herb w i th ye l l ow flowers . Commonwaste grou nd and g rassy p l ace s . Tangl i n

,Se l i tar , etc .

B l . i nembranacea De C . A l exand ra Road.

B l . ba l samq'

fera De C . Nga i Camphor . Sumbong . A ta l l h erbabou t 8 fee t h igh or l ess , w i th ye l l ow flowers . The w ho l ep l an t h as a s trong camphor sme l l , and i s u sed in med ic i n eby th e na t i ves . V ery common i n O pen grou nd

,Tang l i n

,

Bedoh , etc .

P luclzea i nrli ca Less Poko Be l u n tas . A sea - sho re Sh ru b w i thl i l ac flowers . V e ry common on th e sea coas t

,Changi

,

Ga lang ,etc . rarer i n l and , Tang l i n , near the r i fle range ,

Sp/i oem ntbus afr z’

ca nu s L. A herb w i th h ead s of wh i te flowers .

Di tch es , Ga l ang .

C'rrsn l ia ax i

'

l la r i s Roxb . Di tch es , Tang l i n andGa l an g .

Ec’ipfa a l li a Has < k . Common weed in was te grou nd

,flowers

wh i te .

(‘enfip etla orbi cn l rtrz

’

s Lou r . A ve ry sma l l prostrate weed wi thm in u te pu rp l e flowers . Path s i n the Botan i c garden s .

l l’

edel z’

a l uff/om De C .

“ Serena i Lau t. Sea -shore h e rb w i thye l l ow flowers . Common , Ga l ang , K ranj i , Chang i .

1 0 2‘

Tnn FLORA o r S I NGA POR E .

Spi l rm f/zes acmel la L.

“ K ’rabo . The toothach e p l an t, a common weed w i th con i ca l h ead s of ye l l ow flowers verypungen t . So l d i n th e nat i v e herb shops. Open cou ntry ,

Sungei Mora i , Ang Mo K io .

S i/nerlrel l a n odifl ora Gaertn . Sti ff weed w i th ye l l owflowers .V ery common every where .

Tr idag: procumbens L . Sandy p l aces , Tanjong Ka tong , Cath edra ll lo se

,Chang i

,Te l u k K urau .

A r l emi si u ru lga rz'

s L. O f ten cu l t i vated for med ic i n e i n Ch i nesev i l l ages .

G'z/ nu ra sarmen tosa De C .

“ A kar Subiak . C l i mb ing h erbw i th g l a ucou s g reen l ea ves , and ye l l o w flowers i n a pu rp l e i n vo l ucre . Swampy spo ts i n den se j ung l e , Buk i tMand ai , Buk i t T i mah , Tang l i n .

G . pscurloch z’

na De 0 . . A coarse common weed,Tang l i n

,Tan

j ong K atong, Sel i ta r, etc.

E mi l i a. sona/z i fo l z’

rt De C . Ka tu mbi jan tan . Common h erbw i th br i gh t p in k fl owers

,waste grou nd .

(Cosmos In’

p z'

nna lus . Often c u l t i vated as a vege tab l e . )

A ca n l h owermum xa ntlz io z’

des De C . P rostra te h erb w i th wh itefl owers and bu rr - l i ke fr u i t. No t commo n . Pas ir , Pan

j ang,A ng Mo K i o , Tang l i n .

GO ODENOV IEJE .

Semi -O la V ah l . Ambong - ambong. A commonsea - sh ore sh r ub . F l owers and f ru i t wh i te . A l l rou ndth e coasts . Changi , Sel itar , Pu l a u Ubi n , B l akang Mat i .

CAMPANULACEJE .

P r a tm beani i ifo l i rt L i nd l . Sma l l cre e pin g h erb w i th b l ue andwh ite flowers . W et Spots by streams

,Buk i t T imah

,

Choa Ch u K ang .

THE FLORA OF SI NG APORE . 10 3

P en tap/rragma begon z'

ajb /z'

um Ba l on g Aya tn Batu . (RockCock’s comb ) , a ve ry cu r i ou s he rb w i th scorp io id sp i kes ofc reamy ye l l ow flowers w i th pu rp le spo ts i nsi de . Banksi n woods

,common , Buk i t Timah , S unge i Morai , Changi ,

Ch ua Ch u K ang .

c c i s u cnm.

V acci nz’

n tn ma l rtccense “ft. Ka lumpadang . A l a rge bu shw i th pi nk or wh i te fragran t flowers and eatab l e bl ackfru i ts . Sandy p l aces a t Chang i , abu ndan t.

V . banca num Miq. Ep i phy t i c or te rre str ia l . A bush or sma l l tree,

l ea ves often red sti ff , flowers waxy pi n k red or w h i te .

Sea coas t , Toas , Chang i , Su nge i Mora i , 0 11 h igh trees , Buk i t

V . acumi na ti ss z‘

mum Mitj. Rare , Buk i t Manda i .

Eni cxosm.

R h ododendron l rtnipongu zn M iq: It. jrt t'

am'

cn zn varftubifl or n /n .

Bo t . Mag . t 981 0 . A beau t i fu l ep i phy t ic Sh r ub 0 1 1 th e

tom o f l ofty trees . B uk i t T imah , very ra re . F lowersbr igh t red .

EPA URIDEZE .

L eucopogon ma laya nn g Jack . Sh rub w i th sma l l wh i te flo wersand red fr u i t . Sea shore , Chang i .

PLUMBAGINEAS .

I’l nmbago fey /a n ion L. Cheraka . W aste grou nd near v i l l ages ,Ga lang , etc .

Mr ns rnnfl s .

Utes-ri z’

ndz’

ca L. A l arge sh ru b or sma l l tree w i th very sma l lwh i te flowe rs . Common i n woods , Buk i t T imah , Reservo i r wood s

,etc .

111 . r rt tnentucert De C . A h a l f c l i mbi ng sh ru b w i th narrowerl eaves

,bu t otherwi se m uch l ike the l as t. .

'

l‘

he branches

10 4 THE FLORA O F SI NGA PORE .

of ten h ear moss - l i ke masses o f abort i ve bran ch l e ts , wh ichare m u ch more e l egan t than th e v ery i n s ign ifi can t flowe rs .One of th e commonest sh r ubs i n j u ng l e s and se condaryfores t, e verywhere .

l rei 'i e cap z'

fel la tn W a l l . A sma l l tree , w i th sma l l wh i te flowersand fru i ts . Sea coas ts

,n o t common , Chang i , Baj au .

E nd/ ( Z ia f ibre Bu rm . V ery common i n woods an d th i cke ts ,Tang l i n , Buk i t T imah , e tc .

V ar . ya i'

c i i i i iqfo /i ct . A d i s ti n ct l ook i ng p l an t w i th mu ch morecor iaceou s l eaves . Rarer

,Chang i

,Reser vo i r woods ,

Buk i t Ti mah .

J. cora’

acea A . De C . Th ick j u ng l es, Sel itar , Buk i t Manda i .

E L i n/pa i n t Sche ff . Hedges , no t common , Changi , Buk i t Ti mah .

E amen tacea C larke . Hedges , Buk i t T imah Road , Buk i t Manda i ,

E . lucz’

rlrt \V a l l .* Ca t 2315 . S i ngapore . I ha ve no t met w i th it .

LnLi s ia /w i nu L i nd l . Akar Fat i mah . A l i tt l e sh rub w i thsma l l p in k flowers

,and scar l e t fr u i t, l ea ve s of young

p l an ts cren u l a te dee p green edged w i th pi nk , wheno lder l an ceo la te w i th l on g pet i o l es ( var . lanceo la ta ) orth e pe t i o l e w i nged th e who l e l eng th , (pot/zo z

'

na proper ) .Common i n dense woods .

Amara . Sh ru bs , rare ly sma l l trees , w i th or rose p i nk l lowers ,O ften showy , and r ed or b l ack berr ie s .

A . crassa C larke . Rare , C han Ch u K ang

A l anceo ln ta Roxb . V ery h andsome sh rub . Sel itar, BukitTimah

A . co lora ta Roxb . F lowers ve ry Sma l l , pa l e p i nk . Common,Eu

ki t T imah , Garden j u ng le , Chang i Road .

A a ercu ln l a Wa l l . Common, Buk i t T imah , Sel i tar , Sunge i

hi orah

THE FLORA OF SI NGA PORE . 10 5

A crena'

l a Roxb. Mata Pe l andok . Common, A l e xande r Road,

Chang i etc .

A . vi l l osa'

Roxb . Rare , d en se woods , Pu l a u Ubi n .

A . O l lonfoplzj/ l l / t ra r Lob/m . S i ngapore, Lobb ; probably an error

of loca l i ty .

A . sp . near B botmai ca C l arke . Rare,A ng Mo K io

A . sp. near r i l low . Rare , P u l au Ubi n Chang i .

A . lmmi l i s V ah l ..

One of th e l arges t spec ies,

flowers rose p i n k ,berr i es b l ack . Tida l m ud

,and dam p Spo ts . Common,

Ga l ang,Ho l l and Road , Tanj ong K atong ,Changi

,etc .

P ime/a ndra W'

a l l z’

clm De C . A sma l l tree , flowers pi nk i sh W h i te ,ber ri es wh i te w i th b l ack spo ts . Common

,Tangl i n , Chan

gi , Sembawang .

A er/ i ceras mry'

us Gaertn . Mangro ves l oca l , Toas , Su nge i Mora i ,P u l au Ubin .

SA P O’

I‘

A CEJE .

A grou p of trees , of wh i ch many produ ce gu tta percha or

laoutvh ouc . There are a con s id erab l e n umber h ere , but theyare di fficu l t to co l l ec t on accoun t o f the i r grea t s i ze

,and are no t

easy to i den t i fy .

Clmysophyl lum R a ybu rn/m G . Do n . A ta l l tree w i th sma l l darkg reen l ea ves and y e l l ow flowers , fru i t g l obose 5 -ang l edye l l ow i an i n ch lon g , sweet and eatabl e but fu l l of r u bber . No t rare , Tang l i n , Buk i t T imah .

S irlezp figlon ferrugi neum Hook . Sma l l tree or sh ru b. Commona long the coast , Serangoon , K ranj i , Changi , Pu lau Damar .

S . Ma z'

ngayz' C larke . B ig tree . Garden j ung l e .

S . Jll a laccense C l arke . V ery l a rge tree . Tang l i n, Garden j u ngl e ,

Sel itar.

Dz

’

claopsz’

s bancana M iq. V as t tree . flowers and fru i t green . Gar

den j u ng le .

THE FLOR A OF S I NGA POR E.

D.obo'

va ta C larke . A b ig tree prod uc i ng a gu tta i n fer i or on l yto that o f D. Gu tta . Tang l i n

,Chang i .

J) . Gu tta Ben th . A l arge tree , eas i l y known by the beau ti fu lgo l den u ndersid e of the l ea ves . Though i t was former l yvery abu ndan t i n S i ngapore , near ly a l l th e l arger treesh a ve been cut for th e gu tta percha . F lower s sma l l wh i te

,

v e ry rare ly prod uced. I) . obl ongifo l z‘

a i s I th i nk Specifi ca l l yund i sti n gu i shab l e , mere ly a var i e ty . It i s th e commonestform no w i n S i ngapore . Den se j ung l e , w ide ly scatteredo ve r S i ngapore . Garden j u ng l e , Buk i t T imah , Sel i tar ,Pu l au Damar .

D . rubens Clarke.

'

Rare, Ch ang i , Ch an Ch u K ang .

L’am z

’

a Jl ottleg/a na De V r. A b ig tree . Sel i tar. Ju ron g ,K ran j i

,"

Buk i t Manda i .

B . cu nea ta Bl . Rare,Buk i t Timah .

B . Ki ng” Stapf . Buk i t T i mah .

B . Jl a laccensz'

s (P ayena Ell a l accensi s C l arke ) . Common , Ga rd enj ung l e

,Changi

,Buk i t Timah , Sel itar.

Pa r/em cos l a ta K ing . N ia to . Common , a med i u m si zed tree .

Ga rden j ung l e , Sel ita r, Reservoi r wood s .

P . C larke .

“ Ge tah Pe rch a B u rong . Rare, Su nge i

Mora i

P . L ecm Ben th .

“ Ge tah Su nd ik . Buk i t Ti mah , Baj au .

Jll imusops ber a ndm Rox b . Niato h i tam . Ra re,Tanjong Go l .

E lengi'

L. Poko Tanj on g . Common l y p l an ted , but

dou btfu l l y w i ld . )

ERENACEZE .

J/ aba tur f/”

ah a Pers . Sma l l tree . Rare , Tampinis .

Dias/amp s m icrop l ig/ l l a Redd ; Large tree , produ ce s ebony .

Garden Road,Buk i t T i mah .

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10 8 1uuc FLo nA. o r a c a ro nE .

S . sr.

“ Donoon . A med i u m si zed tree , flowers in compac tcymes. Rare , K ranj i .

S lyraa; B enz o in B ryand . Gum benj am i n . Kemen iyan . A

ta l l tree w i th sweet wh i te flowers,and h ard grey rou nd

flattened fru i ts . P rod uces th e gum ben j am i n o f commerce , wh i ch i s obta ined by cu tt i n g gash es in the bark ,when th e gum ,

afte r some weeks,ex udes . Common 1 1]

j u ng l e,Garden j u n g l e , Buk i t Ti mah , Sel i tar , Choa C h u

Kang .

S . cro tono z'

des C larke . S i ngapore (W a l l ich No . a l so i nCantley

’

s co l l e ct i on . I ha ve ne ver seen it here .

OLEACEAL

Jasminum Li/ irrz'

um \V a l l . Me l or h u tan . W i l d Jasm i ne , ve rycommon i n open coun try , and hedges , Tang l i n , Ba les tierp l a i n , Changi , etc .

J . Grijfirb i i C la rke .

“ K uma -K uma h u tan . A very ha i ry jasm i ne . Rare , woods , Garden j u ng le , Bidadari , C han Ch uK ang .

O lea mtu'i tz

'

ma \V a l l . A l arge bush w i th sma l l g reen flowe rs andb l ack d ru pes . Sea coas ts i n d ry spots , Tanj ong K atong ,

Chang i , Pu la u Ubi n .

L i nocz’

era pa uczZ/i ora var . pa l embum’

ca . A big tree w i th sma l l wh iteflowe rs . Common , Buk i t Manda i , Bukit Timah , Changi .

A POCYNACEAL

l l'

i l t’

uy/rbeiu fi rma Bl . Getah G r i p or Gegrip . A l arge woodyc l imber w i th rough bl ack h a rk , wh i te flowers and g reenor orange obl ong or g lobose fru i ts . Seeds deep v i o l e ti n s ide . It abou nds i n ru bber , and i s th e best o f a l lth e l oca l r u bbe r v i n es . The fr u i t i s ea tab l e and ' s weet

,

bu t f u l l o f r ubber m i l k . Common , Garden j u ng l e , Buk i tTi mah

,Chang i , etc .

l V . coriacea W a l l . “ Ge tah Ujo l . An i n fer i o r G u tta , wh ichdoes no t set read i l y , i t is u sed for a i n l tera ting and fo r

“

THE FLO RA O F SI NGAPORE . 10 9

bi rd l ime . Common,Tang l i n , Baja u , Changi , B l akang

Mat i , Buki t T i mah .

fl avescens Dye r . F lowers shor t ye l l ow i sh wh i te , fr u i t g lobose orange , con ta in i ng 2 to 7 seeds . Garden j u ng l e ,Pu l au Ubi n .

l l" . tenu ifloru Hook . fi l . Changi .

l V . Sp. near fl auescens , w i th very sma l l flowe rs. Coro l l a tubeshor t and g l obose

,l obes l ong . Chang i Chan Ch u

K ang , Ju rong .

yra ncl i/Zora Dyer . F l owers l arger than any oth er speci es 15i n ch l ong I take th i s to be the p l ant i n tended for IV . grrm

di/i ora , but note tha t th e l ea ves are no t th ick ly cori aceou s ,nor rou nded at the t ip as descr i bed . The mou th of the cc

ro l l a t ube i s h a i ry . Rare . Reservo i r woods .

L euconoti s Gr iffin/ m Hook . fi l . Akar Ge tah Sundek . A

c l i mber,but l ess th i ck than W i l luglz é ez

'

a (no t erect assta ted i n F l . Br i t. F lowe rs orange fr u i t g l obu la rrather sma l l . No t rare . Borders of woods , Jurong ,

B uki t Manda i Sel itar , Buk i t T i mah .

L

l

. M a i /magi Dyer . S i ngapore (Ma ingay ) ; no t see n here .

Melodi /ru s or i enta l i s Bl . C l imber , rare , Chang i .

Jl . micran t/za Hook . fll . Ja l an Bray .

A ly ria luci da W a l l .“ Pu lasar i . Bark strongl y scen ted as of

n e w mown hay . C l i mber , flowers wh i te Frag ran t. Bu k i tMandai

,Jurong ,

K1 anji , Sungei Mora i .

Cerf/era l acta r i a Ham . Bu ta -Buta . A l arge tree wi th wh i teflowers and a pi nk eye and large o vo i d redd i sh fru i ts .The wh i te m i l k w i th wh i ch the tree abo und s is po isonousand said to cau se b l i nd ness i f i t fa l l s i n to the eye . V erycommon i n t i d a l r i ve rs and swamps . Ba lestier p l a i n

,

Sel i tar , Tampen is .

C. Orlo l la naGaertn . Kranjl , Chang i .

l l O THE FLORA OF S I NGAPORE .

1 1'

011sr'

a macrol i lzy l l c Hook . fi l . Sh r u b abou t 1 5 fee t ta l l ; flowerswh i te w ith pi n k r i ng i n cen tre . Chan Ch u Kang .

( V i nca rosea L. has estab l i sh ed i tse l f i n many p l aces near thesea , and A l l ama nda S c/zottz

'

z

’

Poh l . has r un w i l d in a fewp l aces. )

A l sl o-nz

'

a sch o lar i s B r . Pu l a i . A ta l l tree,

flowers green ,branch es in d istan t whor l s . Common , Tang l i n , Reser voi rwoods.

A . spa t/i n l a id Bl . Jung l e,

swamps , C l uny Road , Buk i t Mandai .

A . a ugustz'

y‘

b l i a W a l l . “ B u ta ' Bu ta Dara t . Common woods ,Buk i t T imah , Chang i , Kranj i , Su nge i Mora i .

A . grandzfo l ia’

M iquel . S i ngapore (Anderson ) ; doubtfu l .

Dyera [ad /fo ra Hook . fi l . ‘

j

‘ Jelutong. A big tree w i th greysmooth bark , flowers sma l l wh i te . Pods very l arge andwoody. Seed s th i n fl attened w inged . Produ ces an

inferi t r r .u bber Common a l l o ver S i ngapore Tang l i n,

Changi , etc .

Tabernaemon ta na corj/mbosa Roxb .

“ Je l u tong Badak . A sma l ltree w i th wh i te flowers fragran t . No t very common ,Changi

,Reser voi r woods , Choa ChuKang.

T. [Li l i a Hook . fl l . Chan C h u Kang , Ju rong.

T. Ma l a ccens i s Hook . fi l . Lada Lada jan tan . A sh ru b w i thsma l l wh i te flowers and orange pods conta i n i ng se vera lseeds w rapped i n cr i mson ar i l s . Common i n wood s.Garden j ung l e , Chang i , etc .

(T. corona r i a Roxb . Bu nga su su . I s ofte n cu l t i va ted andha l f w i l d near v i l lages . )

P a rsonsi a sp i ra l i s t\ a l l . C l i mber w i th green ish ye l l ow flowe rs .

Mangrove swamps . No t rare,Changi

, Tampen is , Sel i tar,Toas , Su nger Mora i .

V a l l tm'

s Jl a i ngcu/ i Hook . ti l . A l arge tree w i th deep greenl eaves and l a rge wh i te flowers. Pods l on g and s l e nder

THE FLOR A OF S INGAPORE . l l l

conta i n i ng many l ong- p l u med seeds . No t common ,

Garden j un g l e .

S troplzant/zus ( l i clzo lomus De C . Bunga Han tu . A big sh ru bw i th l arge wh i te flowers

,w i th l ong c l a re t- col o red ta i l s

to the pe ta l s . O pen“

coun try,Chang i

, A l exand ra road .

S . brevz’

caurla iu s W t. Smal l e r sh r u b wi th sma l l deep pu rp l efl owers . Tang l i n , Ho l l and road , Ba lestier p l a i n .

Urceo l a M a laccensz’

s Hook . fi l . Getah gr i p ternbaga . A c l i mber flowers ve ry sma l l w h i te . Produces a fai r ly goodrubberf Th i cke ts , Tyersa l l , Chang i , Bedoh .

U. Jfa z'

ngag/ i Hook . fi l . Rare,Kran

_j1.

U. braclaysepa la Hook . fi l . Buk i t Manda i,Buk i t T imah

U. toru losa Hook . f. Jung l es , common,Tampen is , Changi ,

Chan Ch u K ang .

U. l uc i rla Ben th . Chang i , P u l au Ubi n .

P aramer z’

a po ly /teu ra Benth . C l i mber w i th p i n k flowers, Garden

j ung l e,C l u ny Road .

P . gl andu l z'

fera Ben th .

“ S i n gapore Lobb no t seen .

A r/anosma margma ta. Don . S i ngapore , ( F l . Br i t . no t seenw i ld.

A SCLEPIADEJE .

np i ocau l on l l a l l i c/m “ igh t . S i n gapore , W a l l i ch i n F l . Br i t.I nd . ; bu t W a l l ich

’

s No . 8249 i s i n th e Ca talogu e “ Penanget S ingapore , doub t l ess from Penang on ly , whe re i t i scommon .

Tor oca rpus Gr i/fit/m Don .

“ S i ngapore , Lobb ce rta i n ly anerror of l oca l i ty .

( l ament/m s Hook . fl l . V ery rare,Buk i t T imah

,

(Can t l ey) .

(Ca lofrop z‘

s procem Br . Escape from c u l ti vation , Toas ,‘ Changi

,

Pu l au Ub i n ) .

1 1 2 THE FLOR A OF SI NGA PORE .

(A sclepi as c11rassav1'

ca L. has e stab l i shed i tse l f at Sel i tar , etc. )

(It’aph i s tmnma pu lcbel l um W a l l . Garden road escape . )

Sa rco lobus gl obosus W a l l . C l i mber , flowers sma l l y e l low w i thbrown streak s . T ida l r i ver bank s

, no t rare , Ba lestier

p l a i n, A l exandra road , Ka l an g P ud i ng

,Chang i

, Se l ita r

r i ver .

S tep/muons Al a i ngayi Hook . fi l . A,

Sp l end id wh ite floweredc l i

'

r'

nber, flowers b i gger than t he garden Steph anot i s .

V ery ra re , Chang i (Hu l l ett) , on ce co l l ected .

T1/ l op /10 1 a te11u 1s W a l l . S l ender c l i mbe r , flowers p i n k . HedgesB l akan g Mat i , Green H i l l , A l exand ra ro .ad

T. l l a l l i c/1 1 1 Hook . fi l “ S i n gapore , W a l l i ch” i n F l . Br i t . I nd , .

but No . 81 94 B. i n W a l l ich’

s ca ta l ogue rs l abe l l ed Habi tigno t

Cynant lzum ow l ifo lmm var . Bamboo Hedges , C l u ny road ,Balestier p l a i n , B uk i t T i mah Road.

Disclndm 11um111u la 1 1'

a Br. An ex ceed i n g ly common creep i nge p iphy te d rap i ng orchard trees , and do i n g mu ch damage .

Stems very s l ender, l e a ves sma l l and fl es hy flowers wh i te( scar l et as i n F l . Br i t. I nd . W ho l e i s l and .

Decn e. F lowers red . Common i n wood s, Sel itar, Chan

Ch u K ang ,K ranj i .

D. a l bida Gr i ff . F l owers creamy wh i te . Rare , Baj au .

D. berry/ra lené i s Co lebr . A long creep i n g ep iphy te , g laucou sgreen often near l y l eafless . F lowe rs creamy wh i te ,woods n ear th e sea . K ranj i , Sunge i Bu l oh , Bajau .

D . Rafflesi ana \V a l l . A very c u r io u s p l a n t w i th some l eavesdev e l oped i nto p i tch ers , green or often ye l l o w , i n s idepu rp l e , flowers y e l low . Common on trees especia l ly neart he sea. Tang l i n

,B l akang Mati , Te l uk K u rau .

D. co l l 1/r 1'

s_

W a l l . A s l ender creeper on trees , l ea ves rou ndedbuff ye l l ow,

above purp l e beneath , l y ing fla t on the trees .

TIIE FLORA OF SI NGAPORE . ”3

F l owers wh i te . A n ts often make the i r nests be tweenth e l ea ve s and th e branches of the trees . Common ,Tang l i n

,Chan Ch u K ang

, Buk i t T imah , Kran j i .

D. ooeci um G r i ff . F l owers scar l e t . On l ofty trees , Buk i t Ti mah ,Se l i tar, Choa Ch u Kang . V ery d i s t i nc t from th e last ,of wh ich Ma ingay sugges ted i t was a vari e ty .

D. W t . W'

a l l . Cat. 8183. Is'

appa rently a F i cus .

Hoya la cunosa Bl . F l owers wh i te . No t rare,Tang l i n

, Be l i tar ,Buk i t Mandai .

S i n gapore , \V a l l ich 8160 B ; no t id en ti fied .

1 1 . l a tij ofia Don . A v ery l arge - l ea ved spec ies , l ea ves of ten d u l lr ed

,flowers sma l l p i nk . The commones t spec ies . Tree s

i n den se j u ng l e . Garden j ung l e , K ran j i , Se l itar, Pongo l ,Chang i

,P u l a u Tekong .

I] . pa ras i ti ca W a l l . Common nea r th e sea , very fl o riferous ,and pret ty , flowers pi n k . B l akan g Ma t i

,Changi , Chan

Ch u Kang ,Toas , Pu l a u Jah a t .

B l . The largest-flowered Spec i e s . Fl owers starl i ke and waxy O pen i ng wh i te , w i th a ye l lo w t i n t, th enbecom ing Spo tted w ith pi nk and fi na l ly a l toge ther p i n k .

Common espec ia l l y near th e sea . Serangoon , Changi ,K ran j i

,Pu l au Tekong etc .

di rersifo l ia Bl . A pre tty pi nk flowered Speci es , o ften co veri n g trees l i ke a ma t. Ju rong , Chan Chu Kang , K ran j i .Seran goon .

II. cor i'

acea Bl . F lowers ye l l ow i sh wh i te . Rare , Tampen is

(D’

.

H . obtu eifo l i a W t . A very stou t k i nd wrth th i ck ob l on g l eaves '

F l owers wh i te w i th a p i nk cen tre , l a rge , rare l y prod uced .

Serangoon ,Chang i .

II. F i n laysonn W a l l . Cat 81 66 . Leaves on ly , no t i d en t i fi ed .

P lu/sosfe/mrt M i l l i e/1 1 1 W t . Akar S i ak . S l e nder c l i mber w i thla rge th in creamy wh i te flowers w i th a purple cen tre .

H4 THE FLORA O F S I NGA PORE .

Roots scen ted l i k e new mown hay . Rare , Tampen isr i v e r , K ran j i , Toas .

p'adem

’

a reh cu lam “I

t .

“ S i ngapore , Lobb y ev iden t l yw rong ly l oca l i sed .

LOGANIACEJE .

Fagraea carnosa Jack Ep iphy te , Buk i t T i mah . Rare . Perhapsa n ew spec ie s

,l e a ves l arge o vo id , flowe rs w i th a l ong

tube i n fa i rs .

F . au r i cu ln l’a Jack ._

A l a rge spread ing sh rub , w i th enormou sth i ck wh i te trumpet - sh aped flowers . The caps u l e i s veryl arge grey i sh green con i c . Sp l i tti ng when r i pe and showing the m i n u te b l ack seed i n orange pu l p. There aretwo form s one has the flowe rs as la rge as i n M iqu e l

’

a

p icture , th e oth er i s m uch sma l l e r. No t common,rock s

o verhang ing th e sea , Pu l au Ubi n .

otorafa W a l l . No t comni o n ,K ranj i .

F . 1!

f1oc111osa Jack . A big sh r ub or sma l l tree w i th sh ort th ickracemes of p i nk i sh wh i te fl owers . Rare here . P u l a uUbi n quarr ies .

F . 111 1 1 1’

r1 111 11fi 1 l 1'

a Bl . Sh ru b w i th s l ender racemes o f p i n k flowers .No t. uncommon. Buk i t T imah , Kranj i , Sel i tar, Sunge iLoyang .

F . l igu s tr i n a B l . A t ree,l ea ves deep green sma l l flowers s l eu

der creamy wh i te w i th buff co l ori ng i n th e th roa t ,fragran t. Rare , Tampen is.

F . frag/ra ns Roxb . Tembus u . A l a rge tree w i th cream ye l l owflowers

,and orange berr ies . W e l l k now n for i ts tnn ber .

Sandy p l aces,Changi . A bundan t

,Tang l i n and oth er

p laces near town .

F .speci om BI. A very much l a rger tree , w i th fewer and la rger

flowers . Gard en j u ng l e,Tyersa l l .

ma l ' l CCt’Nfl i -S‘ Garden . A fa i r l y l a rge tree , flowers wh i teGarden j u ng l e , Chang i .

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1 1 6 THE FLO RA OF S I NGA PORE .

CONV OLV ULACEJE .

E ryci be 111a laccens i s C larke . No t common,Chan Ch u Kang .

E . P r i ncei W a l l . “ Akar K i j ang . F lowe rs wh i te , coarse l yscen ted , d rupes b l ack . Common , hedge s, Tang l i n ,Ju rong K ranj i , C han Ch u K ang .

E . Grip‘i t/m C larke . No t common , Garden j u ng l e , Buk i t T imah .

E . co 1 1’

acea \V a l l . No t common , Chang i .

E . leucory lo i tles K i ng . A sma l l - l ea ved c l i mber , flowers w h i tesweet. Th i cke ts and woods . ra re l y flowe r i ng

,common

,

Tang l i n , Chan Ch u K ang , Buk i t Timah , Chan gi .

L el l somia tomen l osa . Akar Ter‘ong . C l imber,w i th beads o f

wh i te flowers wittr p i nk p la i ts,brac ts p i n k

,and fru i t

p i nk. \V o ods , Chan Chu Kang , Ch ua Ch u Kang , No rthSe l i ta r.

[pomea digi ta te L. A l a rge pi nk convo l vu l u s . No t rare , B uk i tTimah Road , Loyang , Chang i beach , Chan Ch u Kan g.

a ngustz’

fo /i a Jacq . Sma l l c l i mber , flowers pa l e ye l l ow or n early wh i te eye maroon . Common i n grass , or bu sh es.

Tang l i n , Chang i , Chan Ch u Kang , K ranj i .

widen / 11111 Roth . Prostra te w i th s l ender stems , flowers sma l lw h i te . Sandy Spots , C hang i .

l i nifu l ia lBL Twi n i ng and creep i ng in grass , flowers pa le ye ll ow . Common

,Tang l in , Chan Chu Kang .

ch rysei t les Ke r . F lowers i n h eads sma l l l e mon ye l l owW as te ground , Tang l i n , Go vernmen t H i l l , Buk i t TimahRoad , Baj au .

1 111111 11 11 Fo rsk . Tapak k uda . F lowers l arge p i n k . Sea shore s ,common , Changi , Sunge i Mora i .

I. dcntz’

cu la ta Cho i s . F l owers p i nk. Sea shores , Te l u k K u ra u .

I. pa lma ta Forsk . Hedge s , Tang l i n , Soph ia Read.

THE FLORA OF SI NGAPORE . 1 1 7

I. sep ic‘

u i a Koen . W h i te w i th a p i nk eye ; I 11 111 1 1110 0 11! L. and

caes i um w i th sma l l scar l e t flowers ; bu ta l a s L. the sweetpota to , K e l e l i , flowers p i nk ; and aquati ca Fo rsk .

Kangkong ,” a wh i te flowe red aqua ti c ea ten as Sp i nach ,

occu r as escapes from cu l ti va t i on here and there .

E ro l ru lu s -les L. A l i tt l e prostrate p l an t , flowers l igh tb l ue . Sandy spo ts , Changi .

SOLANA CEAEJ.

I doub t that any of these, except one So l <1 11u111 , 31re na tive

to S ingapore .

So lanum 111511 um L. Ga l ang .

S . torrum Sw. Sh ru b w ith wh i te flowers , th e l ea ves smoked byMa l ay s l ike tobacco . W as te grou nd , Tang l i n .

S . melongena L .

4‘ Br'i n j a l . Cu l t i v ated .

Sarmentosum Nees. A pr i ck l y prostra te p l an t wi th b l ue fl owersand b l ack fru i ts , weed . Botan i c Garden s.

acu lea ti ssimum Jacq . Terong B l anda . A pr i ck ly sh r ubw i th wh i te flowers , and smooth red orange fru i ts . Sandyp l aces

,Tanjong Ka tong , perhaps w i l d .

11 1710 11 1 111 Lou r . S i ngapore (W a l l i ch ) more probab ly an errorfor Penang . It i s a h i l l p l an t .

Capsz cum fl u tescens L. C. 111 1 111111 11 111 , and more rare ly C. 9 1 0 3811 111

W i l l d . are mu ch c u l ti vated, and the two fi rs t occas iona l lyo ccu r as escapes .

Daturafi tstuosa L. Kach ubo rrg . \V eed i n waste g rou nd of tenp l an ted for u se i n med i c i ne . Tang l i n , etc , Pu l au Ubi n .

SCROPHULARIN

Lou r . Sma l l weed , flowers pa le v io l e t a l mos twhi te m th e cen tre of the l ip , where a re 4 or 5 ye l l owSpots . W aste grou nd , Botan i c garden s .

118 THE FLO R A or SI NGAPORE .

A denosma ova l am Ben th . An aroma ti c h erb about 2 fee t ta l l w i thax i l l ary pa l e b l u e flowers . Road S id es , no t rare

,Tang

l i n,Chan Ch u K ang .

A . cap i ta jum Ben th .

“ K uch ing - K uch i ng . A romati c , flowe rsi n heads b l u e . Sandy fi e lds

,Tang l i n

,Chan Ch u Kang ,

Ju rong , Serangoon .

A cmru l eum Br . S i ngapore (F l : B ri t. no t seen .

L i INNOPIIi la confer ta Benth . Brem i A l i tt l e aroma t ic h erbw i th v io l et flowers

,u sed i n na ti ve med ic i n e . Common

i n damp spots , Tang l i n , Buk i t T imah , Reservoi r , Buk i tMandai .

L . Hook . fi l . W et spots , Se l itar , Buk i t Ti mah ,B uk i t Mandai , Chan Ch u K ang , Ju rong.

Herpestes JIo 11 11 1'

era H . Bk .

“

A sma l l g l abrous h erb i n wet

spo ts , flowers wh i te or bl ue . Common,Buk i t T i mah

,

B ochore , Serangoon , Te l u k K ura u , Tampen is , etc .

Ben th . S i n gapore (\V a l l ich no t

seen .

Tu1'e11 1'

a po lygono i tl cs Ben th . Common l i tt l e c ree pi ng p l an t i ngrass , u pper l i p of coro l l a red , l o wer wh i te . W ho l e i s l and ,Tang l i n , Chang i , etc .

T. 111uc1'

0 11 11 l a ia Ben th . W'eed in Botan i c gardens Buk i t T i mah .

V uudel l i a crustacea Ben th . Kra‘

Nasi . Common l i tt l e weedw i th v io l et “ flowers . Path s and was te grou nd everv

wh ere .

scabra Benth . F lowers p i nk . Te l uk K urau .

h irsu ta Benth . Li tt l e weed , ha i ry , flowers pa l e l i l ac . Gardenweed .

peduncu l a ta Gr i ff . \ 'V et spots , flowers pa l e v i o l e t. Government H i l l .

B ounaya Spren g . “ref. spo ts , Chan Ch u Kang ,

Ang Mo K io .

THE FLORA OF SI NGA PO RE .

“

”9

B . repta ns Spreng . Chan Ch u Kang , Buk i t Pan jang .

B . 11 1 11071 121 10. Li n k . Chan Ch u K ang.

S copar z'

a du lcz’

a L. Té Macao . A common weed w i th sma l lwh i te fl owers . A tea for fe ver 1s made of i t . “Tho l ei s l a nd .

S i r iga l utea Lou r . R umpu t S i k u -S iku . A l i t t l e s ti ff erecth erb i n gra ss , fl owers p i n k , or wh i te h ere. Common .

Tang l i n,Changi , Chan Ch u Kang .

Ut1 1'

cu l r1r 1'

a fi e.1: 110 3a V ah l . “ Lu m u t Ekor K u ch i ng . Aquat icwi th br i gh t ye l l ow flowers . Poo l s

,l akes

,and d i tc he s .

Common . Garden Lake , Reser voi r , Buk i t T i mah , Chang iRoad .

U. err-el em Br . Mu ch sma l l er tha n the l a st . Ga rden l ake

,

d i tch es Tang l i n , Ang Mo K io .

bifirla L. A sma l l erect p la n t w ith ye l l ow flowers . Commoni n sh a l l ow drtch es and wet sand . Buk i t T i mah

,Chan

Chu Kang,Reser voi r , Bedok .

U. a /fini s var . 6 1 11121111 1 . A ta l l s l ender s peci es w i th br igh t b l u eflowers . In sh a l low d i tches , Chang i , Tampen is , Bedok ,Choa C hu Kang .

U. ruce111osa l l a l l . V ery s l ender , w i th ve ry sm a l l wh i te flowers .Sandy spots towards Tanah Merah , Chang i .

GESNERA CEJE .

[E sclnman i /rus C larke . An ep i phy te form ing l a rgetu f ts w i th pendu l ou s bran ch es , l eaves p i nk 0 11 th e back .

Ca ly x l obes very n a rrow pu rp l e . Coro l l a green markedi n th e mou th w i th brown i sh red . W oods , no t ra re

,

Buk i t Mandai , K ran j i , Choa Ch u Kang ,

-Teban , Sel i tar .

/ E . L ab/11mm Hook . C l i mbi ng ep i phyte , flowers cr i mson scar l etsh owy . Common in damp W O ’

idS , an d mangrove swamps ,K ranj i

,Toas , Chan Ch u Ka ng .

l 2 O THE FLORA OF S I NGA POR E .

E . ra t/{cans Jack . Creepi ng m er rock s and trees , flowerscr i m son . Loca l . Buk it Timah

, Ch oa Ch u Kang .

Br. Ca ly x short cu p- sh aped g reen,coro l l a cr i m

son . Den se wood s , Buk i t Mandai , Kran j i , Chan Ch u Kang .

D1

'

111/ 1110 carp 11s p l a n/pus C larke. A sh rubby p l an t w i th wh i tera re ly b l u i sh flowers , w i th a yel low spo t i n th e mou th .

Common , woods , Buk i t Ti mah , Buk i t Manda i , Chan Ch uKang , Chang i .

D. sp. V ery rare . two p l an ts out of fl owe r i n a wooded rav i n enear Buk i t Mandai .

'

1yrfa 11dra l1 1°

co lor Jack . A sh ru bby p l an t,

fl owers wh i te w i thbrown or pur p l e spots i n th e mou th . Lea ves some t i mesmarb l ed wh i te . C. 11 11 1111113 Bl . S i n gapore , Pr i n ce ,

” i n_F l or . B r i t. I nd . i s ev id en t l y the same th i ng . Dampra v i ne s i n wet: j u ng l e , u sua l ly ver y abu ndan t . B uk i tTimah , Buk i t Mandai , Choa C h u Kang .

62 11 170 51 1 131.“ S i ngapore Lobb , and Cyr l andronnm acumi na l a

Ben th . Ma ingay and Lobb , i n F l o r . Br i t . Ind. e v ident l yerrors of l oca l i ty

BIGONIA OEE .

Dal i a/10 11 111 1 0 116 Rlzeedi i Seem . Sh r ub or tree w i th lon g tu bu larwh i te flowers open in g i n th e ear ly morn i ng and c l os i ngsoon . Common . T ida l R i vers

, A l exand ra Road , B lakangMa t i , Baj au , Ponggo l , P u l a u U bi n .

S i rrcospermum clzelonozdcs De C . Tree .

“ C hachar . Rare,

Buk i t Ti mah .

S . 11.

1/posti cm M iq. Tree , flowers wh i te or v io l et . No t rare ,Tang l i n , Buk i t T i mah , Buk i t Manda i .

PEDALINEE .

86 961 11111 111 i ndie-um De C . T i l -seed . B i j an . “feed i n wastegrou nd . F l o we rs pi nk rare ly wh i te . Cu l t i vated for th eseed , wh ich i s crushed for o i l . Tang l in , etc .

T l l E FLO RA OF SINGAPORE .

A CANTHAcm .

TI1 11 11 lmrgz’

11 11111111 Boj er . , c l i mber w i th ye l l ow or orange flowersw i th or w i th ou t b l ack eye , and T. fl

i

ng/ 11

11 113 Roxb . w ithwh ite flowers , are common i n h edges , be ing escapes f romcu l t i vat ion .

E bermm’

em G 1 ifli l l1 imm A nders . Den se j u ng l e,B uk i t Ti mah .

73. seh’

r em Nees . Den se'

unO' le Buk i t Timah Chan Ch u K an

1/ O 9

Ch ua Ch u K ang ,Ju rong .

[fl/grop l l i l ft sn l zcz’

jo i ia Nees . Chuka l . Herb abou t 2 fee t,

flowers l i l ac , d i tch es , common . Garden lake,Tang l i n

,

Buk i t T imah road ,Chang i .

I] . quadr i va l rz'

s Nees . Chang i , Buk i t Mand ai .

Rue/ Zi a repens L. Erec t or creep i ng i n g rass , flowers pa l e l i l acw i th darker marks i n th e th roat. V erv common

,Tang l i n

C hang i,Baj au

, Se l itar , etc .

400 41 171 113 ebra ctca tus V ah l . “ Jeru j u . A h o l ly - l ea ved p l an tw i th wh i te or b l ue flowers . lommon in t ida l m ud .

K andang Kerbau , Tanjong Pagar , A l exand ra Road,

Chan gi,etc .

A . ro lubi /i s “Ta l l . Twin i ng , l ea ves not pr ick ly flowers wh i te .

No t common , Baj au , K ranj i , Chan Ch u Kang .

A sa/s la sh : i n trusa B l . Stragg l i n g p l an t 3 feet ta l l or l e ss,

flowers pa l e v i o l e t . l l edges and th ickets . Fort Cann i ng , Go vernmen t H i l l , Tang l i n , Ch u a Ch u Kang .

B ra nt/1 0 111 11 111 a l bum Nees . F l owe rs wh i te , J ung l e s , l oca l , Chang i ,Chan Ch u Kang ,

Ponggo l , Sel i tar, Choa Ch u Kang .

( E . A ndersom‘ Mas ters , desc ri bed from a p l an t obta i ned i n S i n ga

pore by T. Anderson , i s on l y cu l t i vated h ere . )

Jusfi ci rt ( nu l rogruph z'

o i des C larke . A straggl i ng herb,w i th pa l e

ye l low fl owers , l ea ve s ve i ned w i th wh i te when young.

Damp woods , Buk i t Mandai , Chan Ch u K ang .

1 2 2 THE FLORA OF SI NGAPORE .

7. Gendarussa L .

“ Ganda R u sa .

'

A common sh r ub rou ndv i l lages

,u su a l l y an e scape from cu l t i va ti on .

Adh a toda casa'

ca Nees . “ S i n gapore,F lor. Br i t . I nd . No t

seen even cu l t i vated .

P er i sfrop he acunn’

na ta Nees . Common h erb w i th pi nk fl owers .

A ng Mo K io,Choa Ch u K ang , Tang l i n .

P . moumna Nees . Noja . F l owers p i nk , l arger th an th e l a st.Lea ves u sed fo r dye i n g eggs , cakes , etc. ,

p i n k . Tang l i n,

B l akan g Ma t i , Ju rong .

V ERBENACEJE.

La n /mm, ( f

'

uma ru L. Tah i Ayam . A l l o ver S i ngapore , ve ryco mmon . There are se vera l co lor var ie ti e s

,th e com

monest i s orange red co l or , tu rn ing orange ye l l ow wh enpass i n g over ano ther form i s pa l e p i n k w i th a ye l l ow eyetu rn i ng da rker p i nk , and where th ese two forms growtoge th er there i s an i n termedia te or hybr i d form . Therei s a s l i gh t d iffe ren ce i n the form of the l ower l i p i n th e

two forms , i n the orange one th e l i p i s shor ter and broader than i n th e p i n k one , where i t i s n ear ly quadra te , sothat th e p i nk flowe r appea rs more i rregu l ar than the

orange on e. T he p l an t i s a na ti ve of Sou th Amer i ca .

L . i ndica Ro xb . A sma l l er sh ru b w i th l i l ac flowers,and dark

pi nk fru i ts . W a s te gro u n d near town . abu ndan t , Boch ore ,K a l ang , Ba les t ier p l a i n .

1. 1pp 1'

11 11odz'

fl om R ich . Prostrate he rb , flowers l i l ac . W as tegrou nd, Bochore .

i ndica"

V ah l . “ Se l asi h Dende . Common sh r u b,

flowers b l u e . W as te g rou nd , e verywher e .

(S . 111 11 7 1147 131 , mu ch bigger , w i th rosy flowers , i n trod ucedand there .)

Geuns ia far inosa B l . (W a l l i ch , No. no t seen .

(Ca l /i carpa Reercm'

z’

W a l l . S i n gapore , Mu rton i n F l . Br i t.i s cu l t i v ated on ly . )

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l 2 4 THE FLO R A OF S I NGA PORE .

for b l acken i ng th e tee th . V ery common i n woods andth icke ts . Tang l i n , B uk i t Ti mah , Chang i , etc .

defla ru zn W a l l . A sma l l sh ru b abou t 4 feet h ig h wi th nodd i ng head s of wh i te flowers su rro u nded wi th n u merou sred sepa l s . Dr u pe b lack . V ery common . Tang l i n , Garden j u ng l e

,Chan Ch u Kang

,Tampen is .

pan icu’a /um L . Sh r u b w i th br i l l i an t cr i mson flowers . Man

dai,K ran j i . Dou btf u l l y W i l d .

( 7. r i fles-11 111 Bl . Common sh ru b w i th wh i te flowers . \V h o le

i s l and .

Ridl . A s l e nder Sh ru b , w i th th e stem ho l l o wand ti tl ed w i th an ts’ nests . Pan ic l es l arge , flowers orange .

A h andsome plan t , rare , streams a t Choa Ch u K ang .

Se vera l cu l t i vated k i nd s a l so occu r i n waste grou nd nearv i l l ages ; s u ch are C. Li nd l . C. squ ama lwn V ah l . C.

fi at/runs V en t . and (J

. s z’

ph ona n th us Br . wh i ch i s c u l ti va tedby K

'

l i n gs,who use the l eave s for smok i ng i n stead o f

Hemp , and ca l l i t Gan ja .

("

A t um-1 13110 1 11 111. Hassk . A wh i te flowered spec i es

,i n troduced

i n to J a v a from S i n gapore abou t 1855 , I know noth i n gof

,and Cl . Co lebw ot z

’

un'

uvn W a lp .

“ S i n gapore Lobb”

and Cl . i nfo rmnauun Gaertn . men t i oned from S i n gaporea l so i n F l or . B r i t . I nd . I h ave ne ve r met w i th .

-ma pen ta ndm Jack . A kar Su l on g . No t common ,Chang i

l ri ccnn z‘

a o /ji ci na l is B l . Api-Api . V ery co mmon i n mangro ves

and a l on g t ida l r i ve rs . R i ver V a l l ey Road , Changi , Pu l a uUbi n

,e

'

tc.

LA BIA '

I‘

ZE .

Co leus u l ropu rp ureu s Ben th . F lowers bri gh t pu rp le. Opencoun try . Ang Mo K io , Chan Ch u Kang .

lug/pus sum ac /cus Po i t. V e ry common i n was te grou nd . SepoyLi n es , Tanjong Katong , M t . Faber , Chang i , etc .

TUE FLO RA OF SI NGA PORE . 12 5

H . brevipes Poi t. Common,Tang l i n , Ang Mo K io , etc . Both

of these are i n trod u ct i ons from Sou th Amer ica , nowthorough l y estab l i sh ed .

Dysopky l /u au ri cu la r-

121 Bl . “ Ekor K uch ing . F l owers pa l el a vende r i n l on g sp i ke s . V ery common i n wet Spots .Tang l i n , Chang i , etc .

A n i swuel es ovum Br. No t common,Tang l i n .

[Leucas s ey lam'

ca Br. Ka tumbet. A common weed w i thw h i te flowers , waste grou nd . Tang l i n

,B l akang Ma t i ,

Sel ita r, etc .

L . 1111 1701111 Spr . Less common , Mt . Faber , Siglap.

Ucimum bas i l z’

cmu L. Basi l . Ruku -Ruku , ofte n cu l t i vated,occu rs spon taneou s ly i n was te grou nd , as does a l so La0 11 11 1

’

us s i bi r z’

cus L . and L eono l i s nepetttj/o l i tt Br.

P lan tago m tg/o r L . Ekor A ng i n . Was te grou nd , Chan Ch uK ang ,

'

l‘ang l i n , etc.

Nr o r aurs nsz .

B ocrl tawr ia repens L. Sandy p la ces , Ga l ang .

AMA RANTA CEJE .

A lma / 1 1°

11 Sandv spots . Changi , common .

A wun '

a n l u s spi no su s L. Bayam Du r i .” Common weed i nwas te g rou nd .

'

I‘

ang l in , B ochore , etc .

A .

‘

l’iT‘i tfi S L.

“ Bayam Itek .

' Common i n was te grou nd,

e verywh ere .

-l . cauda tus L. C u l ti va ted , and o ften as an esca pe .

-l . p t1 11 1'

cu l t1 lus L . Governmen t H i l l .

( ff/ a lbumprostra te Bl . No t rare , weed in was te gro und . Buk i tT i mah

, Pu l a u Ubi n , Te l uk K u rau .

12 6 THE FLOR A OF SING A PORE .

A l terna utbera sessi l i s Br . Common everywhere .

P apa /1°

11 a tmpurpurea Miq. S i ngapore (W a l l ich i n F l or . Br i t .

I nd . , but i n \V a l l ich’

s Ca tal ogue i t i s l abe l led 6933S i ngapore et Penang ) . No t seen h ere bv me .

POLY s oNACEAL

P o ly/yon um t /Iucc idum Mei sn . Common i n wet spo ts , d i tch es , etc .

Tang l i n, Buk i t T imah Road , Boch ore .

I) . peduucu lure Wa l l . S i ngapore . W a l l i ch , no t seen .

ba rba tum L. Di tch es , Ho l l and Road, Ga lang ,

Chan Ch uKan g.

NEPENTHACEfl l

The p i tch er p l an ts a re known to th e Ma l ay s as “ PokoPr i ok K rah

, (ape's c u ps ) . The stems of the~

sto u te rk i nd s are u sed for bi nd i n g fen ces . They a l way s occu ri n open coun try , borders of woods , - etc . , and are absen tfrom den se j u ng l e .

N. ampu l lar’

z’

a Jack . A common k i n d w i th th e p i tchers i n whor l sof ten su nk i n the grou nd , p i tch ers green , or more or l essSpotted w i th pu rp l e . I on ce fou nd a p l an t w i th i v orywh i te pi tchers . Tang l in , Chan Ch u K ang , etc .

N. Jt’afjles 1

'

11 11a Jack . P i tchers ofte n very l arge . Common a l lover S i n gapore .

A phyl l amp/wm W i l ld. No t common,Chang i

,Ju rong .

R ei nwftr tl tz z M iq. Common , Buk i t Ti mah , Chang i .

X . gra ci l is Korth . B l akan g Mat i , Chang i , Buk i t T imah .

N. a lbumurgi na ta Lobb . S i ngapore , W a l l i ch . S u re ly an errorfor Penan g , wh ere it i s abu ndan t .

A RI STOLOCH IACEAE .

A r is l o locbiu u ngu l ifl ora Mast . A c l i mber w i th l arge tr i l obedl eaves and pu rp l e flowers . Loca l in l on g wet grass .

Jurong .

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1 2 8 THE FLO RA OF S I NGA PORE .

P . rostru lum Roxb. Ere c t,rare

, Buk i t Ti mah .

P . [10 1p/1yr0p l1 1/ l lum E . Br . A wel l known o 1 namen ta l c l i mb i ngp l an t , l eaves d eep b

reen spotted wh ite and p i nk . Commo n but rare l y fl ower i ng , den se wood s , Buk i t Ti mah ,Sel itar , etc .

( Pep rromz’

a ar igua Miq. A l i tt l e weed i n ga rden s,on wa l l s

, etc . ,

i n trod u ced . Tang l i n,Chan Ch u Kang ) .

CHLORANTHACEJE .

for / 1 11 111 118 B l . Sh ru b l et , w i th s l e nde r sp i ke s of wh i te

flowers and tran s l u cen t wh i te berri es . Damp ra v i n e s i njung l es , l oca l but abu ndan t . Bu k i t Timah

, Buk i t Mandai ,Ju rong .

MY RI STICACEA E .

The w i l d n u tmegs are very p l ent i fu l i n S i ngapore , occurr i ngi n a l l the bigger j u ng l es , bu t a l most i n var i ab l y i n an i so l atedmanner , so that i t i s o ften by n o means easy to get both se xe so f any spec ies . They are a l l trees , vary i ng i n he i gh t from abou tfi f teen feet to 100 or more . The seeds seem to be ( i n a l l butM. ci nnamomea ) defi c ien t i n aromat ic properti e s

,and are no t

used by th e nati ves at a l l . ‘ The ti mber i s of ten good . Then at i ve name for th e cu l t i v a ted Nu tmeg i s Pa la ,

”th e Mace be

i ng ca l l ed Bunga Pa l a ,”

( l i tera l ly fl owers of Nu tmeg) . Manyof the w i l d speci es are ca l l ed Pa l a H u tan ,

”etc . ; but Pendarah ,

w i th th e l oca l va ri an ts Menarah , Mendarah , and Ch endara , i sthe common name for oth er speci es .

l l . cl l ip l z’

ca W a l l . Common , Buk i t Tnn ah , Buk i t Manda i , Ch anChan C hu Kang . 1 a r . Buk i t Mandai , Chan Ch u K ang .

M. bra ctea ta De C . A very large tree,rare , Buk i t Timah .

M. ci nnammnea K ing . No t common , Bu k i t Mandai , Sumbawang ,

Changi, Sel i tar .

M . c rassa .K ing . F lowers o range , Garden j u ng l e , Buk i t Man

da i , North Se l itar, S u nge i Mora i .

M . 120 111 1111111 K ing . Rare,K ran j i .

TIIE FLORA OF SI NGA PO RE . 1 2 9

31 . i ners B l . Rare , woods , Buk i t Manda i .

Mj’

erruyz'

nca Wa l l . (Ca t. Rare, Sel ita r.

Jf. superba Hook . fi l . Rare, Sunge i Bengkuang , Toas .

rubigi nosa K i ng. Rare, Garden j u ng l e , M t. Fabe r .

M. l l’

a l h‘

chu Hook . fi l . Baj au a l so co l l ec ted by Can tl eyw i thou t l oca l i ty .

3110 0 311 K i ng . Rare,Kranjt

F arr/ubm z'

a na W a l l . Common, Garden j u ng l e , Baj au , Sel itar .

For lmsu K ing . Sel itar .

I In‘

m l cz‘

s Hook . fi l . V ery rare , a si ng l e ma l e tree i n th e B0tan ic Garden s

,probab l y p l an ted , but no t known e l se

wh ere .

crassz’

fo l z'

a Hook . ti l . Buk i t Manda i , Chan Ch u K ang , Baj au .

[rt/ a Gaer tn . Rare , Garden j u ng l e .

m/ zju ec'da K i ng . No t rare , Tang l i n , C l u ny road , B uk i t Ti mah ,Sel i tar.

M . brach ium K ing . S i ngapore (W a l l ich ) ; no t seen .

[10 11/sj1/1 113r 11 l a Hook . ti l . No t rare,Ju rong

,C han C h u Kang ,

K ran j i .

oblongifo l i a K i ng . Rare,Buk i t T i mah .

conferta K ing . Buk i t Mandai , Chang i .

l ai Ki ng . Rare, Su nge i J u rong .

a’

n termedia B l . The commonest speci es. Tang l i n , Chang i ,Buk it Ti mah .

l auri na B l . Common , Garden j u ng l e , Bu k i t T i mah .

gla uca Bl . Garden jung l e , K ran j 1 , Pu l a u Ubin .

glaucescens Hook . ti l . C l uny Road .

130 THE FLOR A OF SI NGAPORE .

V . Hooker i a na Wa l l . Usu a l l y abou t 20 feet ta l l , w i th largel ea ves co ve red when you ng w i th brown woo l wh i ch pee l so ff a s th e l eaves become

l

cor iaceous , fru i t covered w i thbrown woo l . No t r are , Tang l i n , Buk i t Ti mah

,Chan

Ch u Kang , Choa Ch u K ang .

JI. Ca ntl ey/ 1°

Hook . fi l . Buk it T imah .

l o ngifo l i a \V a l l . Buk i t Ti mah .

JI. pmu lu/z’

na Hook . The on l y tree of th ts speci es k now n is i nth e Bo tan ic Garden s

,but must h ave been p l an ted .

MONIMIA CEE .

El l a / 111m sa ncm Bl . Ch urom . A l a rge sh ru b w i th sma l l y e l l owflowers and s tee l b l u e fru i ts . The Jak u n s smoke th el ea ves w i th tobacco to cu re h eadache s . Common i n wood sand th i cke ts . Ga rden j un g l e

, B uk i t T i mah , Chan Ch uKang , A ng Mo K io .

LAURINEE .

’

Trees,more ra re ly sh ru bs

,w i th u sua l ly u n i sex ua l fl owers

A d i ffi cu l t grou p , ow i ng to the d iffi cu l ty of gett i n g flowers o fboth sexes and fru i ts , many be i ng i m perfect l y known . Thetrees a re u sua l l y ca l l ed Medan g ”

by th e Ma lay s .

C'

ryp toca rya ( i d/717 11 111 1111 \V t . Medang Buaya . Med i u m s i ze dt ree , w i th ha i ry ye l l ow flowers . No t ra re

,Tampen is ,

Changi , Se l i tar, r i ver , Changi Teban .

C. impressa Meissn .

“ Munjna t . A fa l l tree . Rare , Gardenj u ng l e .

C. ferrm B l . Chan Ch u K an g , Choa Ch u Kang , Buk i t Manda i .A nd two oth er spec i es.

B ei l sclnn i eth a " 10 111 000 15 13 Hook . fi l . Rare,Buk i t T imah .

111 1'

0 1'

oca 1p a Bl . S u nge i J u rong .

P i nnmnmnum y‘

am n icum B l . No t rare i n dense woods , but ve ryrare ly floweri ng . Ga rde n j u ng le

,Buk i t T imah

, AngMo K io .

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132 THE FLO RA OF SI NG APO RE .

L . ferrugi nea B l . Ga rden j u ng l e , Buk i t A r‘an g .

L . z ey lwrzca Nee s. A l arge bush , common on the sea coast.Chang i , Pu l a u Ubi n , Bedoh .

L . su l z’

czfo l iwRoxb . Ga rde n j u ng l e .

L . p o lya n t/ca Juss . Chan Ch u K ang , K ran j i , Changi .

L . petio’

a ta Hook . ti l . Garden j u ng l e .

L . n i l z’

da Bl . B uk i t Manda i .And a n u mber" of u n iden t ified spec i es .

L ieder“ ma facfce/wzs Hook . fl l. Sma l l tree , flowers ye l l o w .

A bundan t in woods, G arde n j ung le, Tang l i n

, Buk itTimah , Chan C h u Kang , etc.

Pe rawas . Tree , l ea ves u sed med ici n a l l y . Ga l ang ,

Garde n j u ng l e .

Cassi/Uta jél zfurm z’

s L. A l eafless tw i n i ng para s i te . Commonnear the sea , B l akang Ma t i

, Ch ang i , Chan Ch u Kang ,

etc .

H’

ernandi a pel tuta Me i ssn . S i ngapore , W a l l ich No. 781 1 .

No t seen .

PROTm om s.

Hel iumpetio l a r z'

s Benn . Tree , common i n woods . Buk i t T imah ,Ju rong , \V oodlands , K ranj i , Changi , Garden j u ng l e .

11 . ew e/arr Bl . Mernba tu Laiang. No t ve ry common , Chang i ,Chan Ch u Kang .

THYMELEACEJE .

A qu i l tu'

z

‘

a nua’rcccens is . The Gahar u , i s ra re here . I have o n l y

seen i t a t K ran j i .

A . gram l i/i om . Rare , Baja u .

A . Sp. A rnediunr s i zed tree w i th sma l l wh i te flowers and

ve ry sma l l fr u i ts . Garden j u ng le .

THE FLORA OF SI NGAPORE . 133

Go ng/ styl us Ma i ngayi Hook . fi l . Th i s aberrant tree i s now

referred by some bo tan i sts to Ti l i aceae. It occu rs‘ i nthe Garden Jung l e Buk i t Manda i and Ch u a Ch u Kang .

W i /cstroemza z ndzca . S i ngapore,Lobb ; do ubt l ess an e r ror .

SANTALa cEaL

Hens /a tr ia L obbia nd De C . C l i mber . Common near t he coast ,Changi , K ranj i , Chan Ch u K ang .

H . bur ijbl z’

a B l . A pparen t l y a root paras i te . It i s a twiggy ,of ten near l y l eafless sh rub , en ti re ly br ig h t ye l l ow .

Berry a t fi rs t ye l l o w , then red and li na l ly black . Drywood s n ear th e sea , Bajau , Chang i , K ranj i , Sunge iB u l u h .

S'

c/eropyz um l l a ingayi Hook . ti l . Rukam p u teh . A sh rub

or sma l l tree w i th stou t sp i nes , flowers green i sh ye l l owi n dense s pi kes , fr u i t pea r - sh aped green j u i cy whenr ipe . Woods , n o t rare Tang l in

,Changi, K ran j i , Buk i t

Mandai , Sel itar .

C'

Iramperez‘

a Gr ifii z/ri a na P l anch .

“ Ch emperei . A sh rub w ithwh i te branch e s , sma l l l igh t brown flowers and orangefru i t . The l ea ve s are eaten as a vege tab l e , but i t i ssa id to be po isonou s to dogs . Sandy spo ts on the

coasts , Changi , Tampen is , Sel i ta r , Bajau .

L inus !oma pauf i/i oru n Grift

’

. A s l ende r c l i mber w i th l igh t yell ow i sh green flowers en c l osed 1 11 green i sh cream co l oredbracts . Common , Garden j u ng le , B l akang Mat-i , Buk i tT imah

,Chang i , Loyang .

L . sea / idea s K in g . Akar kareh h i tam . A scanden t sh rub orta l l c l i mbe r. Common , Garde n j ung l e , Changi , Ch anCh u K ang .

LORANTHACEAL

These paras i tes are of ten very des tr uc ti ve to trees i ngarden s . They are ca l l ed '

oy th e Ma l ay s “ Api-Api or Sena lu ,

w i th its var iants Benda lu , Nda l u .

134 THE FLOR A O F SI NGA PO RE .

L em ur/m s L obbi i Hook . fl l . A vari e ty w i th red, no t ye l l ow

flowers . Changi , Chan Ch u Kang .

L . cocci /reel s Jack . Buk i t Manda i .

L . fizrrugz’

n eus Roxb . Common , Tang l i n , etc .

L . l ongiflorus Desr . F l owers cr i mson - scar l e t. On a verylof ty tree , B uk i t T i mah .

L . pen tandrus IL. A big s tout p l an t , flowers l i gh t p i nk i sh red ;paras i t ic on Eugen ia . Garden s , A l ma

, Buk i t T i mah ,Chan Ch u K ang.

a l bidus Bl . F lowers wh i te , rare , Buki t Timah .

L . relusus Jack . On l odomyrtus and E ugen i as , near th e sea .

Changi , Blakang Mat i , Pu l a u Tekong , Ju rong.

ampu l /aceus Roxb. F l owers g reen and b l ack . V erycommon , Tang l in , Changi , Jhan Ch u Kang .

L . crassus Hook . ti l . Garde n s , Chang i.

L . Jl a ingayz'

Hook . ti l . A very cu riou s l i tt l e flowered speci es ,flowers brown . Rare

,K ranj i

V i scum a rti cu l a tum Burm . Pa ras i t i c on L UTQNUl i . Common ,Tang l in .

l'

. or ienta leW i l l d . On h ens , and Jl acm unga y'

avan i ca , Common ,Bochore , Buk i t T imah Ju rong , Chan Ch u Kang , etc .

EUPHORB IA CE /E .

E up/zorbia a l otu Fors t. A sh rubby p l a n t, sea coas ts , Chang i .

E . p a u /i /em L.

“ Ge lang Su su . Common weed'

i n wasteg rou nd , e ve rywhere .

E . thymifol i a Ben n . Prostra te weed , waste g rou nd , path s , etc .

Common,Tang l i n , etc .

L. A l a rge succu len t sh r ub , often cu l t i va ted ,occu rs a s an escape . The m i l k i s u sed rn na t i ve med ic i n e , and for pu tt i n g i n to the wound s made for mark i n g

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136 THE FLORA O F SI NG A PORE .

P . ur i nar i a L.

“ Dukong Anak . Common weed e v erywh ere,

used med i c i na l l y , and i t i s a l so su pposed that a fte rchew i ng a bu nch of th i s p l an t it i s possi b l e to bi te upg lass w i th i mpu n i ty .

(P. di s i z'

cfw s Muel l . Wi cca acidz'

ssz'

nm i s someti mes cu l ti vated . )

G loclz idi on . Trees w i th i ncon sp i cuou s flowers . “ Ubah,o f

th e Ma l ays .

f!. l iNom /e B l . Bank s of t i d a l r i ver s . Chan Ch u K ang .

gonz’

ocarpum Hook . ti l . No t rare , Tang l i n , Buk i t Ti mahGa l ang .

G . desmogyne Hook . ti l . Rare , B uk i t T imah , Sel itar.

(y, i nsu la re Hook . fl l . No t rare , Sel itar, Buk i t Mandai , Toas ,Ju ron g , etc .

bru nneum Hook . fi l , “ Ubah Merah . Garden s , Buk i tT i mah .

flesmncarpum Hook . ti l . No t common , Tang l i n , Baj au .

G . lmm’

ga tum Hook . fl l . Buk i t. Ti mah , Su nge i B ru ang , Buk i tMandai .

G . mi crobotrys Hook . fi l . Ta l l tree w i th flak i ng bark . F l owersv ery sma l l scen ted of cu cu mbers . Garden s , Chan Ch uK ang , Changi , Pu l a u Ubi n .

G . superbum Ba i l l . Sma l l tree w i th l a rge l ea ves . Common i nopen cou ntry a l l over S i n gapore .

lei ostj/ lum Kurz . Common , Garden s , Sel i tar .

G’. cormm lum Hook . fl l . Rare , Ja l an Bray .

B raym’

a r /mmno z'

des Mue l l . Large sh ru b . Eskbank (Hu l l ett) .

B . rl z‘

scigem Mue l l . Rare , U ppe r Buk i t T imah .

B . recl i na ta Hook . ti l . Hu j an Panas . A sh ruh"

conspicuous

from its br i gh t red berr i e s , bri t why cal l ed Hu j an Panas ,

THE FLORA OF SI NGA PORE . l 37

l i t. warm ra in,no one Seems to know . V ery common ,

espec i a l ly nea r the sea , Tang l i n Reservo i r , Changi , etc .

S qumpu e a l bica ns Bl . Chekop Mams . A sma l l sh rubby p lan tw i th dark green l ea ves w i th a wh i te ce n tra l b l otch , redflowers and p i n k or wh i te fru i t . A popu la r nat i vev ege tab l e

,lea ves ea ten as Sp i nach . W aste grou nd , cour

mon .

Cz/ clostemmr l ongifo l z’

us B l . A tree w i th pende n t branches an i

l arge l ea th e ry l ea ves . i are ly met w i th i n flower .

Common i n woods, Garden j u ng le , Se l itar .

Clzor z'

opbj/ l lmn ma laym zum Ben th . Sandy s pots nea r the sea .

Rare , Seremban a l so co l l ec ted by W a l l ich , 7975 .

.

' l porosa fi cifo l i a Ba i l l . No t. rare, Buk i t Ti mah , Ch an Ch u

Kang,Garden j u ng l e .

A . n igr i ca ns Hook . ti l . Tang l i n,Buk i t Ti mah , Buk i t Manda i .

A . J/ u i ugaj/ i Hook . ti l . A sh rub, Garden j u n g l e , Sa l i ter ,

K ran j i,Ju rong .

A . fl u fz'

cosa Mue l l . A bush . common , Tang l i n , Tanjong Go l ,

Chan Ch u Kang.

A . P ra i zreana K ing . Buk i t Mandai,Se l i tar, K ranj i .

A . Ben t/l aminae Hook . ti l . Tree,abou t 40 feet ta l l , wi th red

showy fr u i ts . No t rare,

“Tang l i n , Buk i t T imah , ChanCh u K ang .

A . lu nam Ben th . No t common , Ju rong .

s l el h‘

fem Hook . ti l . Garden j u ng l e , K ranj i , Buk i t Ti mah .

A . fi rl ci/‘

era Hook . ti l . No t common , Ju rong , Toas .

[Mp /m iphg/ l l um luuri num Ba i l l . “ R uas -Ruas jan tan . A bigsh rub or tree w i th wh i te flowers

,and o l i ve shaped green

fru i ts . Usua l ly near the sea , Changi , K ran j i , Teban ,Siglap.

A nti / law n w l u/ i nosmn Bl . Sh ru b w i th racemes of p i n k f ru i ts .

Common, Garden j u ng l e , Changi , Pu la u Ubi n , etc

138 TIIE FLORA OF SI NGA PORE .

A . cusp z'

( la tum Mue l l . “ Sebasah . A big sh r ub,common i n

th i ck woods , Buk i t T i mah , Changi , Buk i t Mandai , Teban ,Reser vo i r wood s .

A . fa l l ax Mei sn . No t common , Buk i t T i mah .

A . a la l um Hook . fi l . Th ick woods , _common , Buk i t Timah

,

Changi,Buk i t Mandai , Ju rong .

A . bum’

us Spreng and A . glmesembz'

l la Gaer tn . men ti oned in

F l ora Br i t. I nd . I have no t seen w i ld .

B acca urca . A gen us of trees of no great s i ze , w ith flowers i nl ong scen ted racemes . Fru i t u sua l ly a capsu l e

,orange

co l ored or brown,Sp l i tt i n g and d i sc l os i ng th e se ed s en

w rapped i n an orange pu l p h ang ing from th e p l acen tas ;some t i mes the fru i t i s a berry

,and does no t Sp l i t . Mos t

are mt re or l ess eata b l e though often ac i d .

B . pa r rq/70 ru Mue l l . “ Setambun . A sma l l tree w i th a kn otted stem , and ve ry hard compact ye l l ow wood u sed formak ing st ick s . The ma l e flowers are borne i n racemesi n tu f ts on th e s tem , they are y e l l ow and sme l l l i kecows l i ps . The fema l e racemes are borne at th e foot o ft h e tree

,so a s to l i e on th e ground . The fru i t i s a

sp i ndl e -shaped berry , c l aret co l ored and eatab l e thoughac id. A common p l an t . Tang l i n

,Baj au

,Chang i

, etc .

macrop l zy l ln Mue l l . Tree sma l l o r med i um. Fru i ts g l obosedu l l orange ru sse t , pu l p of seed orange , swee t. Gardenj u ng l e

, Se l itar .

B . modal/mm K i ng . Ramba i . A we l l know n frrrit,common

i n cu l t i vat i on and apparen t l y a l so w i ld .

( B . Ma lay/ (ma K ing .

“ Tanrpo i . Occu rs i n c u l ti va tion but i sn o t common . )

J! . bra ctm ta Mue l l . A sma l l tree . Common , Buk i t MandaiHo l l and Road , Kran j i .

73. Iafifo l ia K in g . Gard en j u ng l e

B . sp . B . in F lor . Br i t . I nd . Garden jun g l e , K ran j i .

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140 THE FLORA OF S I NGA PORE .

cuuda lu v Gei se l . Tuk u Taka l . There are two fo rms , i fth ey are no t spec i fi ca l l y d i s ti n ct here , one a l ong s tou twoody l iarra w i th ro rrgh green i sh capsu l es . Common a t

Tang l i n , Chan Ch u Kang . The o th e r a sca nden t ore rect sh ru b w i th erect racemes of wh i te fl owers and hardg l obose ye l l ow caps u l es as bi g as a bu l l et .Common i n O pe n cou n try . Tang l i n

,Buk i t. T imah , Baja u ,

Ch angn

C. Gt'ifii t/et’

i Hook . ti l . A common sh r u b i n w oods . Ga rde nj u ng le , Buk i t Ti mah , Su nge i B u l uh , Chan Ch u K ang .

0 l 0 ) lgifo l iu ‘l l Roxb . B uk i t Mandai , Se l itar .

Tr igonostemon l oa f/ {fel in e Ba i l l . A sma l l sh rub . No t common ,Ch an Ch u Ka ng , K ran j i Road .

Os l odes macrofl zgl lus“ Kay u Ju l ong . A tree ,

‘ rare,B uk i t.

Panj ang ( common i n Ma l acca ) .

U. ti tur i ca /a var . m i nor and Dimorp lwca ly c cap i l l ipes Hook . ti l .

S i ngapore Lobb e v iden t l y an erro r for Pen ang .

Agrod z’

s l achys fi l ipendu la Hook . ti l . A big st i ff sh ru b . A gu mwh ich e xu des from the buds wa s former l y co l l ected formak ing a resi n for po l i sh i ng sh ea th s of K r i ses. Loca l .Sandy spo ts near Chang i .

’

1 . lonr/ ijbl i a Ben th . var . JlIa lag/a na . Ju l ong Ju l ong A

l ow l i tt l e or unbranched sh r u b , w i th la rge erec t s t i ffl ea ves , u sed fo r th a tclring and w rappers The S i ngaporep l an t i s ve ry d i fferen t from tha t of Pah ang and Pe rakwh i ch i s a m u ch l arger branch ed sh r u b . Common i nwood s . Tang l i n

,S u nge i Bu luh , Chan Chu K ang , etc .

Cl ttoxyl o n i ndi cum Hassk . A l arge sh ru b . Th icke ts , G rangeRoad .

Cl . l uttf/ {ful iu rn Mue l l va r . VV O OdS , no t; rare , Buk i tT imah , P u l a u Ubi n , Buk i t Mandai , Chan Ch u K ang .

A ca lg/p /ta i ndi cu L. A weed, common i n was te grou nd . Baj au ,Ga l an g , Pu la u Ub i n , Te l u k K u rau .

THE FLORA OF S I NGA PORE . l 4 l

Cry /udepa s fer t'

uy i ueu zn Hook . fi l . A sma l l tree w i th l ongs l end er ye l l ow flower sp ik e s, a nd capsu l es co ve red w i thbrown woo l . Garden j ung l e (5 99 1 , Buk i tT i mah .

A l a/ter race r i l l osct Mue l l . “ Ram in buk i t . ’

A big sh rub , th e

bark u sed for str i ng . Common in th icke ts and edges o fwoods . Buk i t T imah Road

,Reservo i r woods

, Ch an

Ch u Kang , Buk i t Manda i .

A . ruyosct M ue l l . Common , Changi , Serangoon .

M a l lo lus mac rostac/tgus Mue l l . A big sh ru b . T h i ckets , Buk i tT imah Road a t the 9 th m i l e .

Coc/z inch z'

nens z’

s Lou r . Ba l i k A ngi n . A sma l l tree , pre ttywh en i n flower from i ts penden t wh i te race mes . Theu nder s id e of the l ea ves i s wh i te , so th a tw h en b l o wnby the w i nd th e who l e tree appears wh i te , whence the

na t i ve name . A fa i r l y good fi bre can be obta i ned fromthe bark . Common in open cou n try , Tang l i n . Kran j i ,etc .

M . pena ngensi s M ue l l . No t common , Bajau , Toas , Sunge iMorai .

Mue l l , and M . ba rba tas Mue l l , gi ven i n F lor .

Br i t. I nd . as from S i n gapore ; ( the l a tter co l l ected byLobb ) are doubt l ess errors .

il l . t‘

et'

n icosus Hook . fl l . “ S i ngapore'

Bo tan i ca l Garden,

Can t l ey i s a l toge the r do ub tf u l .

l l a ca t’a nga lat/p a lette“ Mue l l . A fa i r s i zed tree'

w i th wh i tes tems and wh i te u nders ides to th e l ea ves . S t icks o f i tswood are used for sett i ng gambi e r . Common i n d rywood s and secondary grow th , a l l o ver S i ngapore .

Ma lrang pu t i h .

”

i l l . meyct l op ltgl la Mu e l l . K ubi n . A fa i r s i zed tree w i th veryl arge l ea v es . The wood

,u sed for mak i ng w indm i l l s

,

he nce i ts name . Se l i tar , Choa Ch rr Kang.

14 2 THE FLO R A OF S I NGAPORE .

M . l t’i c/roca t pa Mue l l . A sh rub ha l f scandent , w i th i rr i tati ngpr i ck ly capsu l es . Dry woods , common , Tang l i n , B uk i tTi mah , Chang i .

M ue l l . “ Mahang . A common tree a l l o ver the

i s l and w i th redd i sh i n florescence , and sma l l ca ps u l e sb i l obed smoo th , and covered w i th a waxy coat. It i sdo ubtfu l w heth er th is i s th e same as th e Javan esespec i es. O pen coun try and secondary grow th

,exceed

ingly common .

. l l . tri l oba Mue l l . A med i um s i zed tree,l ea ves en t i re or th ree

l o bed. Y ou ng p lan ts h a ve red l eaves,a nd l ook very

handsome . A bu ndan t a l l o ver S i ngapore , i n wood s ,Tang l i n

,Changi , P u l a u U bi n .

l] . L o rci i K i ng . No t common , Ju rong ,Tyersa l l

,Chan Ch u

p01.u l {ful r'

a Mue l l . Big tree , i n woods , Buk i t T i mah .

P lyc/roml r z’

s costa trr Mir]. A bi g tree, flowe rs ve l vety ye l l ow ,

frrrit l a rge green ha i ry w r i nk led . No t common , Gardenj ung l e , Cha n Ch u Kang .

(R i ot/tu s commu ters L . Jarak , Cas tor o i l ; occu r s nearv i l l ages . )

E udosp ermum t/ra l accense Mue l l . Sendok - sel rdok A b igt ree , w i th smoo th grey bark , flowers green v ery sweet ,frrri t as large as a pea , orange , s wee t . The w ood i s u sedto make c l ogs . Net rare

,Buk i t T i mah , Ch ua Ch u K ang .

E . clef/tense Ben th . S i ngapo re , 7846 ; a doubtfu lSpechnen .

Galo rti um mu l ti/i urum Jus s . \V o ods , Changi , Buk i t T i mah .

G . bij ru z’

um Roxb . Sea coa sts , Changi , Pu lau Ubi n .

i l l eyisws l igmct M a l acca/we Hook . H]. A s t i ng i ng c l i mber.Garden j u ng l e .

Il oma l ggnt/zus popu l ij'

o l i us G rah . Occ u rs here and there , abou tth e A l e xand ra road and e l sewhere

,probab ly p l an ted .

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144 THE FLORA OF S I NGA P OR E

accord in g to th e age of the tree . Y oung shoots from ano ld stu mp u sua l ly h a ve large l eaves , and i t seems to methat S . pena ngim za O l i v and S . q l l i C/z i i K ing are

mere states of S . si deroxg/ l on , Tey sm . The na t i ve s h owe ver ce rtai n l y d raw a d i s t i n ct i on between some formsca l l i n g S . l V a l l i c/m ,

Tampen is pu t i h and S . s ideror qlon ,'

l ampen is Mera l1 , i .e. 1 ed and wh i te Tampen is . Thep l a n t flowers very read i ly , e ven seed l i ngs i n a po t

somet i mes flower and f ru i t when on ly a foo t and a ha l fta l l . The fru i t i s a sof t wh i te d ru pe en c l osed i n th e fou rth ickened wh i te sepa l s . These are sweet and ea tab l eand any pressu re on th em ej ec ts th e fru i t to som ed i stance so tha t i f a bi rd attem pts to ea t them th e fru i ti s th rown out .

Common i n d ry woods , open cou n try , etc . , espec ia l l y the

broad l ea ved var . rena ngz’

a na Tang l in , Chan Ch u Kan g , Ch angi ,etc .

The figs are to lerab l y we l l represen ted h e re , no l ess than35 spec i es occu rr i n g i n th e i s land . They com pr i se cree pi ng sh ru bs

,bi g c l i mbe rs , erect sh rubs from two fee t ta l l

to trees of great s i ze . The figs , none of wh i ch h ere a reeatab l e , are sough t fo r by bi rds , especi a l l y pi geon s

,bu l

buls and sta r l i ngs , and by fr u it -ba ts , wh i ch freq uen t th e

trees when i n fru i t l n great n u mbers , and di s tr i bu te th e

seeds e verywhere . The common Ma l ay name for anyspec ies of F i cu s i s A r .a Sipadik i s app l i ed to man yscanden t speci es , and Kelampong to su ch trees as

bear th e figs c luste1 ed on th e stem . Mos t of the treesare of rap i d grow th w i th sof t va l u e l ess t i mbe r .

pimjfem W a l l . Smal l tree , figs wh i te , common , Buk i t Timah ,Buk i t Mandai , P u l au Ub i n .

ample/Ha \V a l l . “ Ara Supudeh . A sh ru b , ofte n ep i phy t i con oth er trees and some ti mes k i l l i ng th em , figs sma l lorange . V ery common

,Tang l i n , Buk i t T i mah , Chan

Chu K ang .

benqa lens is L . A big tree , often p lan ted . )

THE FLORA OF S I NGAPORE . 145

bractea l a W a l l . A med i u m,s i zed tree . figs orange . No t

rare near th e sea , Ch angi , Ba tu Pu teh , Ch ua Ch u Kang .

F . a nnu la ta B l . C l i mber or tree,

figs l arge and oran ge . Rare ,Bu k i t T imah .

globosa Bl . A bu shy tree , figs dark green , common i n th ickets ,Buk i t Timah , Buk i t Manda i , Ch ang i , Toas , Reser voi r .

a'

y loph yi l a Wal l . A sma l l tree or epi phy te,

figs 2 i n ches l ongorange w i th darker spo ts , very handsome . No t rare , Gal ang , B uk i t T imah , Chang i , Sel itar .

obtus zfo l z’

a . Rare , Pu l a u Ubi n .

a /tz'

ssima B l . B ig tree . Garden j u ng l e , Serangoon .

consoci a ta B l . V a r . 1 l , / ur ton i . A tree or la rge sh r u b,

figsorange . No t rare on the coast , Changi , Se l i tar , Ponggo l ,B uk i t Timah .

F . procera Bl . A bi g tree . Fert Can n ing , Changi .

F . mi crostoma W a l l . No t seen . S i ngapore , W a l l i ch 4566 .

F . i ndz’

ca v ar . Gelder i . An ep i phy te or tree . Sel itar , P u la uUbi n .

suma tra na . Tree , Chan Ch u Kang .

a camp topl zyl la Miq. B ig tree , no t rare , Buk i t T imah , Chang i ,K ranj i , Baj au ,

"

Serangoon .

binnendy/ m. Mangrove swam ps , Jurong , K ran j i , Tampen is .

obtusz’

fo . z a Roxb . Rare , Pu l a u Ubi n ( Hu l l e tt

B enjami na L.

“ W ar i ng in . Common ly cu l t i vated .

gl abel la B l . Big tree , figs sma l l wh i te w i th p i nk spots . ChanCh u Kang , Bedok , Buk i t T i mah .

F . retusa var . m’

fi 'l a . Tree . Ga l ang , Changi , Bajau .

rel igiosa L. Common ly p la n ted .

146 THE FLOR A OF SI NGA PORE .

F . p i soca r/m \V a l l . A b ig tree . Go vernmen t Hou se G rou nd s ,Tang l i n , Changi , Chan Ch u K ang .

F . ca l l i carpa Miq. A big c l i mber w i th fla t ten ed s tem,

figsvery l arge , pear- shaped orange w i th pa l er Spo ts , ve i yshowy . On bi g trees , common , Buk i t T imah , Cha n Ch uKang .

F . punc to i a Th un b . S l e nde r c l i mber on o l d s tu mps . Tang l in ,Chan Ch u Kang , Se l i tar , Tanj ong Go l .

F . api oca rpa M iq. S trong c l i mber , figs pear - sh aped l arge orangered . Tang l i n .

F . obscu ra B l . F igs ye l l ow i sh wh i te . No t rare , B uk i t T imah ,Ch ua Ch u K ang .

lwris B l . Ra ther rare , Buk i t T i mah , Pu l au Ubi n (Hu l l e tt )Chu a Ch u K ang .

recur ra B l . va r . r i bes z’

o zdes . Baj au, Sungei Mo ra i , K ran j i ,

Chan Ch u Ka hg.

ramen l acea .

‘

C l i mber w i th y e l l o w m i l k , figs br i gh t p i nk . Dense woods

,Buk i t T imah , Chan Ch u K ang .

r i l l osa B l . C l i mbe r , figs red or ye l l ow , ha i ry . Tang l i n ,Buk i t Tima h , etc . V ery common .

diversifo l i a B l . Sma l l sh ru b , terres tr ia l i n sandy spo ts orepi phy t i c i n mang ro ve swamps . V ar . ovo idea . V ery com

mon , Chang i,K ranj i , Sungei Bu l uh , Teban , Sel i tar ,

P u l au Tekong .

M igue’i i K ing . Med i u m to l arge tree , figs green w i th

wh i t i sh spo ts,a t l ength du l l red i n c l u sters 0 11 th e s tem .

V ery common , Tang l in , Buk i t T imah , Buk i t Manda i .

r ibes Reinwdt. S ingapore , “’

a l l ich ; no t seen .

fistu l osa Reinwdt . B uk i t T i mah , Changi , Ch an Ch u K angPu l au Ubi n .

gl a n clu l ifcra \V a l | . Tree w i th spread i ng crown , figs ye l l ow .

No t very rare , Garden j u ng le , Chang i .

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TI-I'

E FLORA OF SI NGA PORE

A . z'

ntef/ r zfo l z'

a L . ,

’

th e‘ Jack , Nangka ; A . i nci sa L. , Bread

fru i t : and th e Suk u n sa id to be a var i ety of it ; and A .

po lyp l zema Pe ra , the Champedak , are cu l t i vated . Thel atter may poss i b l y be w i l d a t Changi .

sp . Large t ree w i th p i nnate l ea ves and fru i t l i ke that of A .

r igid/1 , probab l y u ndescri bed . Garden j un g l e , Pu l au Ubin ,Buk i t T imah

A . sp . Med i u m s i zed tree w i th sma l l l ea ves , and sma l l greenfr u i ts w i th wh i te flesh 15 i n ch l ong , seed s few Gardenj u ng l e .

Conoceplm l us su a reo l ens B l . A bi g scramb l i ng sh rub w i th l argel eaves and compact h ead s of d i r ty wh i te flowers , sme l li ng of pears . No t rare , th i ck j ung les , Buk i t Timah , Buki tManda i , Pu l au Ubi n .

C. ama mus K i ng . F lowers p i nk . Den se j ung l e s,Se l i ta r , Pu l a u

Ubi n .

C. Scor iec/n’

m z K ing . S i ngapore,Ma ingay , and C. su btr z

’

nerr i us

Niq. co l l ected by Lobb , probab ly erroneou s ly l oca l i sed .

F leurya i nterrupter Gaud. A weed , somet i mes s ti ng i n g . Tang l i n.

(P i /ea muscosa L i n d l . I n trodu ced , common i n waste s po ts i n garden s , etc.

P ou z o l z i a i mh’

ca L . an d var. a ngusta'

jb l i a . U ba i - Ubai .Used as a vege tab l e by th e n at i ves . A l ow weed,

'

no t

very common , Buk i t T imah , Chan Ch u K ang .

P . pentandra Benn . A common weed,Tang l i n

, etc .

P el l z'

onz'

a jaram'

ca VV ed l . ‘fS i ngapore Lobb doubt l ess ane rror for Pen ang .

E la tostema mo l l e “Tedd . S i n gapore , \V a l l ich 4633 ; probab ly anerror for Penang .

P ip /urns mo l l i ssz'

mus \V edd. Sh r ub . Rare,Toas .

THE FLORA O F S I NGA PORE . 14 9

JCGLANDEJE .

E ngelbardl ia l V a l /z'

clz z'

ana Li nd l . Tree w i th w i nged fru i ts.Rare , Garde n j ung l e .

E . serra ta B l . Rare , Chang i .

MY RIOA CEJE .

Myr ica Nagz’ Th u mb . G i l inch e . A sma l l tree w i th dark green

l eaves and very sma l l red dru pes , much sma l l e r than thosefigu red i n th e Botan i ca l Magaz in e t . 5 727 . Commonon the sea coasts , Toas , Changi , Ju rong , B l akang Ma t i ;1 arer i n l and

,Buk i t T imah .

UUPULIFERJE .

Oaks and ches tn u ts are vei y abu ndan t i n S i n gapore , and areusua l ly fa i r ly l a rge trees , the t i mber however 1s u sua l l yremarkab ly poor and va l u e l ess . W hen i n flower , thesma l l green b lossoms are V i s i ted by myr iad s of sma l l b l u ebo t.t l e fl i es , w i th 1 ed h eads . The fru i ts are sough t fo 1and d ispersed by squ i rre l s .

Quercus ou locarpa Kor th . No t common , .Garden j u ng l e .

Q . Wa l l i c/u’

ana Li nd l . Ju rong , Changi .

Q . sp i ca ta v ar . graci ipes . Berangan Pad i . Buk i t Timah ,Pu

l au Ub i n .

Q . sunda z’

ca B l . “ Mempening Bagan . Not rare,Changi

,

,Tengah .

Q . L amponga M iq. O ur commonest spec i es . A med i u m s i zed treew i th l eaves s i l very on th e back . V ery common . Tangl i n

,Chang i

,Chan Ch u Kang . A form passi ng i n to Q .

E wyc/ci i occu rs i n many spots . Sel i tar , etc.

Q . bys l r z'

x Kor th . Mempen ing. Common B uk i t Timah,

K ranj i,Chan Ch u K ang , Toas .

Q . conocarpa Oudem . Common , Garden j u ng l e,Reservoi r

,

Chang i .

1 5 0 THE FLORA OF SINGA PORE.

Q. B ennemz Miq. Rare, Garden j u ng l e , Bajau .

Q. Cantleya na K i ng . Common , Tang l i n , Buk it Timah , ChanCh uKang .

Q . luci da Roxb. Common , Changi , Sel itar , B uk i t Mandai .

Q . enc/cz’

soca fpa Korth . A big tree , acorn s a l most comp l ete l yenc l osed i n th e very th i n cu p . Common

,Tangl in

,

Buk i t Timah , Chang i .

Q . cyc lop /zora End l . w i th very large d i sc- l i ke acorn s . S i n gapore

,W a l l ich no t seen .

Casta nopsi s ja van i ca De C . Katek Tanga .

”Berangan Ga

j ah . A bi g tree w i th very l arge s pi ny ches tn u ts,unea

tab l e. Common,Tang l in , Chang i .

C. Wa l l z'

ch i i K ing . Garden j u n g l e , Buk i t T imah,Chan Ch u

Kang. Ch angi , common .

0 . Izystrz‘

x D r C . Rare , Toas .

Hu l lel tz'

z

'

K ing . I n vo l u cre w i thou t Sp i nes but stout r idges onthem . Nuts ea tab l e and good . Gard en j u ng l e , Buk i tT i mah , Sumbawang, Buk i t Manda i

0 . sp . Li ke the l ast , but th e i n vo l u cres are Sp i ny , and l ea ves

sma l l er . Garden j ung l e , Chang i .

C. nephel i o z’

des K ing . Rare, Buk i t T i mah , P u l au Damar .

C. suma trana De 0 . S i n gapore , W a l l i ch 2762 ; not seen .

CA SUARINEJE

Casuari na equ isel z’

fo z a Forst , Ru i s often p l an ted , and waspossi b l y w i l d here former l y .

CONIFERJE .

Dacryrl ium el a tum W a l l . “ S i ngapore , Sch omburgk i n F l or .

Bri t .Ind. must ha ve been of cou rse from a garden . Thetree does no t occ u r w i ld at m uch l ess than fee ta l ti tude i n the pen in su l a .

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TII E FLORA o r smea r onn .

M ONOCOTY L EDONE S .

HYDROCHARIDEZE .

Hydr i l la rerti cz’

l la la Gasp . A common water weed i n d i tch esTang l i n

,Chan Ch u K ang .

B lya‘

a ma l accens‘

z

’

s R id ]. A n aq uat i c w i th grassy l eaves . Tangl in , Chan Ch u Kang.

E l i /ta lus Koem’

gi i Rich .

“ Setu l . A mar1ne p l an t w i th longstrap - l i ke l ea ves . The ma l e flowers are ve ry sm a l l andwh i te , born e i n a pai r o f l arge green boat- sh aped bractson th e e nd of a l ong sta l k . W hen fu l l y de ve loped th ei n florescence r i ses to the su r face , and th e flower s breakoff and fl oat away t i l l th ey come i n con tact w i th a fema l eflower wh i ch th ey fert i l i se . The sea i s some t i mes sprin

k l ed a l l o ver w i th them . The fema l e flowers are so l i taryi n the bracts. A fter fer t i l i zat i on th e s ta l k contracts into asp i ra l and th e fru i t i s d rawn down to th e bottom of th es ea to r ipen . It i s ovoid, green and h ai ry , abou t 15 i n chl ong . Ma l ay ch i ld re n ea t i t. The Dugo

’

ng ( H a l i core )l i ves most l y on the l ea ves of th i s p l ant . It i s very abu ndan t i n sh a l l ow bays i n th e Johore Stra i t , rou nd B l akangMat i and wherever the sea i s sha l l ow enough for i t .

Ha lop /z i l a ova ta Gaud . A sma l l creep i ng mar i n e p l an t w i thobovate l ea ves . A bu ndant in sh a l l ow bays in m ud .

Chang i, B l akang Mat i .

BURMANNIAOEZ E .

B urmanm a coelestz’

s Don . S i s i k Naga . A s l e nd er l i tt l e p l a n twi th b l u e urn - shaped flowers , i n grassy spots , common .

Tang l in , Pasi r Panjang , Mt. Faber .

B tuberosa Becc . A smal l wh i te saprophy te , u su a l l y a l mostcompl e te ly bur ied i n t he grou nd . F lowers wh i tewi th ye l l ow coro l l a l obes , scen ted of cows l ips . Dam p

TIIE FLO RA OF SI NGAPORE . 15 3

j u ng l e i n rotten l eaves , Chan Chu K ang, Buk it Timah ,

B uk i t Man da i .

T/u'

smz'

a A seroe Becc . A saprophy te , w i th urn - sh aped flower s,

th e per i an th lobes drawn o ut i n to ta i l s y e l l ow . Decay i n gl ea ves i n wet jung l es . Fa i ry po in t

, Chang i ( Becca t i ) ,B uk i t T i mah , K ranj i .

Tlr. fu 'm’

la R idl ."le Somewha t l i ke th e l a st but smoky grey .

Rare , Chan Ch u Kang .

G l/muo sz'

p/mn borneense Becc . An exceedi n g l y fragi l e l i tt l e p l an t ,w i th l a vender fl o wers . l leuse j u ng l es in ro t ten lea veB uk i t T imah , Chan Ch u Kang.

ORCHIDEJE .

O ber on i a . Smal l e p i phy t ic o rch id s w i th en s i form d is t ichou sl eaves a nd s l ender sp ikes of ve ry sma l l g reen

,ye l l ow

or red flowers .

0 . (Nar i /{fl o ra R idl .if Mangroves

,Kranj 1.

0 . {um /a Li nd l . On a h igh tree , S el i tar , l uk i t Timah .

(weeps Li nd l . Ga lang , Kran j1 .

wi n i n l a Li nd l . “ S i ngapore cu l t i va ted i n Loddiges Gard en ,has no t been seen h ere of l a te years

,and i s probab ly

an e rror of l oca l i ty .

0 . ci l io lum Hook . fi l . Mangrove swamps and orchard trees .

K ranj i,Chan Ch u K ang

,Changi

, Sunge i Mora i , Buk i tT imah .

Terrestr i a l orch id s , w i th th e s tems us u a l ly swo l l enat th e base , th i n - tex tu red l ea ves , and sma l l 1 ed green orye l l ow flowers .

M . mz°

cra nrl1a Hook . fi l . A cree pi ng p lan t w i th a ra the r longcy l indr l c s tem ,

and l anceo l ate copper co l ored l ea ves ,wh ich “ spark l e l ik e th e s tone a van tu r i ne .

” F l owersve ry sma l l red and ye l l ow. On dead l ea ves , Buk i t Man ~

dai,Chang i , Sel ita r .

1 5 4 THE FLOR A O F S I NGAPORE .

M. conges la Rchb. f . Stem swol l en a t the base , flowers pi nkor green . Common i n woods , Buk i t Timah , K ranj i , Su nge iPandan .

L z'

par is renosa R idl . The fines t i n th e gen u s . F l owers fa i r lyl arge

,peta l s and sepa l s p i n k , l i p w i th d ark red ve in s .

Ter res tr i a l . W oods,very rare . Chan Ch u K ang .

L . n crrosa Li nd l . F l owers ye l l ow o r pu r p l e . Terres tr i a l i nswam ps among grass i n wa ter Chang i

, A ng Mo K io nea rth e Reserv i or '

Iang lin

L . e’cga ns L i nd l . Epiplrytic , w i th sti ff l ea ves , and racemes ofsma l l y e l l ow fl owers w i th a red l i p . Common on o l dstum ps and trees nea r the sea . Sel ita r , K ran j 1 .

L . dis ti clra Li nd l . Epi phy te . Th e flowers c rowded to th e endo f th e raceme w i th d i sti ch ou s bracts ; sma l l , open i ng onea t a t i m e , apr ico t co l ored. Common . Mangro ve swamps .

Kranjr, Chan Ch u Kang , etc .

P la fycl i n i s l ong/ {film Hems l . Epiphy te , form i ng l arge tu fts ,

w i th con ica l ps’e udobu l bs

,l ong narrow l eaves and l ong

nodd i ng spikes of brown flowers . It i s easy to cu l t i va te ,and flowers a l l th e y ea r . Dry woods near th e sea

,

Kranjr, S u nge i Ju rong.

Dendrobr’

um l ongico l /e Li nd l . Epi phy t i c , form ing a tu ft of l ongs l ender pseudobu l bs , bear i ng on e l eaf api ece , flowersso l tary on l on g sta l k s w i th l ong fi l ito rm pe ta l s and ay e l l ow l i p . Rare , grow ing w i th th e l ast . Sunge i Mora i .F i rs t di scovered by Curn ing .

D . ( B o/Iri dium ) p run i l um Roxb . A l i tt l e tu f ted p l an t w i th twol ea ves to each stem and on e or two sma l l flowers , ye l l owor ve in ed vr i th pur p l e . No t rare on trees . Mangroveswamps , orcha rd s , etc . Kran j i

, Bajau , Sel itar .

(Sect . lfes rnnfr z'

c/rum) l oncepbg/ l ium .

Hook . fi l . Stemsbran ch ed and swo l l en at i n ter va l s . F lowers sma l l andfu gac i ou s , y e l l ow w i th p ink str i pes . Common a l l o ve rS ingarore.

D . cr z’

n i/erum Li n d l F l owers ye l low spotted pu rp l e , l i p w i th

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1 5 6 THE FLORA o r SI NGAPORE .

D . IIook . fi l . A smal l tu f ted p l an t. flower s wh itew i th p i nk ve i n s . Buk i t T imah Buk i t Mandai , Se l itar.

D . ucerorum Li nd l . Common,K ran j i .

fler al e Ridl . Rare , Buk i t T i mah .

D . (Sec t. V i a/am ) conos l a’

i c Rc lrb . f . Ter res tr i a l , grow i ng i nwater

,wi th s l ende r erec t s tems grass y l ea v es and sm a l l

brow n flowers Rumpu t Raja Sar i .” Ch ang i , Buk1t

Mandai .

rz'

l l csu'

um W a l l . Li k e th e l ast bu t ha i ry . O n lea ves i n d rywood s , Baj au , Sunge i Bu l oh , K ranj i .

. (Sec t . Burubusaqfl rl i rr ) f/ emel'

um Li nd l . Ep i phy te w i th l o ngs l ender sterrrs and pa l e ye l l ow flowers . Common i n mangro ve swamps .

pensi l e Ridl . A ve ry cu riou s p l an t wi th l on g h ang i ng s tem s,

fl eshy l ea ves and ye l l o w flowers i n pa i rs . Mangro ves ,Sel itar.

(Sect. ru’wr iferum Hook . ti l. Rare , S e l i tar , Toas .

D . crumena lu-

n Sw. The “ pigeon orch id . V ery co rn rno n

a l l o ver S i ngapore .

(Sec t . béft l i'i l t l l l Li ndl . A sma l l p l an t W i l l i pa l e

ye l l ow i sh ’ wh i te flowers . No t rare,Tang l i n , Toas , Se l i

tar, Se rangoon .

pa nda neti R idl . A cu r i o us p l an t w i th l on g creepi ng s tem sa nd grassy l ea ves

,flowers fa wn co l or a nd wh i te . It

a l way s g rows 0 11 Pandans , or Sagos , or Cocon u t pa l m s ,c l imbi ng u p th e stems . Buk i t Manda i

,Ju rong .

D. (Sect. Mar i/ l ures ) R idl . A p re tty p l a nt w i th bu nches of wh i te flowers w i th a red a nd ye l l ow l i p

,s wee t

sce n ted . Rare , Toas , S u nge i Mora i .

Rch b . f . Mangro ve swamps, Krann, Sel i . ar, Toa s .

fla vi tlu'

u n R idl . A ta l l s l e nde r p l an t wi th ye l lo w or wh i t i shflowers . K ranj i , Ju rong . Mangro ve swam ps .

THE FLORA OF SI NGAPORE . 1 5 7

D. (Sect . Pedi c rrum , ) pj/ ropu1n R idl . A ta l l plan t w i th br ightora nge flowers fai r ly l a rge . V ery ra re , Ch ua Ch u Kang .

D. [Ct / lIC/l ttttt l l l L i nd l . A 11 odd p l a n t w i th o va te fia t. th i n stemsand wh i te flowe rs tu rn i ng ye l l ow . Damp wood s , rare ,Chang i .

D . (Sect . specwsa.) \V a l l . Th i s we l l -known and

gra nd p l an t has once been fo u nd on a b ig fa l l e n tree i nth e forest a t Chan Ch u Kang .

B u lbop/zyf/u mmfrcra n t/rum Li nd l . F lowe rs fa i r l y l arge p ink , spo t

ted, scen ted o f c l o ves . Common i n woods .

B . pa tens K ing . Li ke th e la s t but sma l l er. Chan Ch u Kang .

B . rugosum Ridlfi “ Fl o we rs y e l l ow . No t common , ChanChu Kang .

B . p i /ea l um Li nd l . Se l itar .

s tr i a tel lum R idlff F lowers very sma l l

,ye l l o w . No t corn

nro n , Cha n C hu Kang .

B . ca tenarium tidl . A bu ndan t on mang rove t rees . Sunge iB u l oh , Ch angl , Se l ita r.

B . n rz’

cel /a R idl . On m angro ves common,Kran ji , Baj au .

B . c la ndes tz’

num Li nd l . Common on trees , K ranj i , Tang l i n,

Sunge i Mora i , Se li tar .

B . conc z'

nnu'

n Hook . ti l . F l owers sma l l flame-co l ored . Onmangro ves abundan t

,K ranj i , Nor th Sel i tar.

cerm z’

cu l a re Hook . f . An i nconsp icuou s l i tt l e p l an t w i th greeni sh wh i te flowers . Mangro ves , K ran j i , Se l i tar , Chang i

.

B . t i tle/rapel a l mn Li n d l . “ S i ngapore Hor t. Loddiges ; i sprobab ly an e rror . It has n ever been fou nd here aga i n

.

B . apori am Hook fi l . F lowers sma l l ye l l ow i n Sp i kes , floriferous .

Common, Kranj i , Sel ita r.

B . bo l ryplrorum Ri . l l . Forms l arge tu f ts on trees , flowers insma l l perrdrrlous bu nches , pu rp l e . Mangro ves ,

i

Kranji ,Toas , Sunge i B u l uh .

1 5 8 THE FLORA OF S I NGAPORE .

B . densifl oru /n R idl . A la rge'

l ong - l ea ved p l an t , flowers i nbu nches pu r p l e . Trunk s of trees i n woods . Sel i tar , ChoaCh u Kang , Buk i t T imah

,Kranjr.

B l z’

mba tum L i nd l . “ S i ngapore , Loddiges ; l oca l i ty doub tf u l .

Tr ifo l i um R idl .* A cu riou s p l an t w i th p i nk flowers i n a bu n ch

l ike c love r . Rare , S unge i Mora i .

s i c/la Ridl . F lowe rs on a l ong s l ender s tem i n a term i na lra ceme O pen i ng s i n g ly a t i nterva l s , l arge ye l l ow i sh andp i nk on trees in th i ck j u ng l e. Buk i t Manda i , Ju rong ,

Choa C h u K ang .

Ci rr/zopeta lum M edusre L i nd l . F l owers i n a d en se mop -hke head ,w i th l ong ta i l s to th e sepa l s , wh i te w i th pi n k spots .S tem s and branch es of tree s i n j u ng l e of ten very h i gh u p ,or on rocks . Tang l i n , Ga l ang , Buk i t Ti mah , Chan Ch uKang , P u la u U bi n .

C. ragi na lum Li nd l . F lowers pa l e ye l low . 0 11 trees , common .

C. conci nnum Hook . fi l . F lowe rs cream w i th p i nk spots oren t i re ly p i n k . Common , Bajau

,K ranj i . etc .

(jamosepa l um G r i ff . Common , Baj au , etc .

C. acumi na tum R idl .* Rare , Choa Ch u Kang .

mi crobu l bon Rare , Sunge i Bu l oh .

C. Ii nea r z'

fo l i um Ridlfi“ Kranjr, B rrk i t Mandai , Ch ua Ch u K ang .

C. semi bz’

fidumi

Ridl . ale Rare , K ran j i .

C. ma lt-

oya num Rchb. f . Rare , Chan Ch u K ang .

ci tr inum R idl . F lowers ye l lo w . K ranj i , Tan j ong Go l .

C. B lumez‘

Lind l . Mangro ve swamps , K ran j i , Ch an Ch rr Kang .

E rin obl ique Li nd l . A sma l l p l an t w i th l i ttl e wh i te flowers .

Mangro ves,K ranj i .

E . flor i bu rrda Li nd l . F l owers i n dense s pikes wh i te w i th p i nkl i ps

,pre tty common . Mangroves , K ranj i , Srrngei Bu

l oh,Sunge i Mora i .

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1 6 0 THE FLOR A OF S I NGA PORE .

I’. joe'

n'

da Ridl . \V et woods . Brrk it Ti mah .

C/a rlerr’

a r i r idiflora Hook . fi l . A c reeping p l an t c l i mb i ng upt rees . F lowers l arge green . Common

, G arden j ung l e,

Baj au,etc .

l ogg/ne tesmcea L i nd l . Sandy pl aces near t he coast on treesand stu mps or on th e grou nd . K ran j i , Chan Chu

'

Kang ,

Sunge i Mora i .

Rocl zussem'

i De V r . No t common , Se l itar .

('

umi ngz’

i Li n d l . Buk i t T i mah,0 11 h igh tree s .

’l l m '

er ia na Rch b . f . F lowers green and b lack ,on pa l m tree s

n ear th e sea . V ery l oca l , Sungei Bu l uh , K ran j i , 0 11 h ightrees , Buk i t Timah .

Ca la n t/re cu rcu l z'

go ides Li nd l . A beau ti f u l te rrestr i a l p l an t,w i th

apr icot orange flowers w i th red l ips , i n a den se sp ike .

Common,Choa Clrn Kang

,Kranjr, Toa Payoh

, Buk i tTi mah .

Ih’

l ocln’

a l l’a l l z

’

ch i i Li nd l . S i ngapore W a l l ich No . hasneve r been fou nd aga i n i n th e pen i nsu l a.

F u l cpbi a squa l i da‘

Li n d l . Terre str i a l , flowers p i nk a nd'

green .

O pen grassy Spo ts , common . Tang l i n , Chang i , Cha n Ch uKang .

F . qrmni nea Li nd l . Bawan g han tu . Common i n sandy spo ts .Tang l i n

,Choa Ch u Kang , Cha n Ch u Kang .

Cz/mbz’

rh’

um a luifo l i um Sw. Epi phy t ic . Co rnmo u on th e i s l a ndand Pu l a u Ub i n .

var . pubescens l ess common , Sunge i Bu l uh , Ju rong .

G ramma i op/n/ l lum .<peci osmn Bl . Rare , Toas , Pularr Ubi n .

Dipodz’

um p i c lum Rch bf. C l i mbi ng 0 11 sma l l trees , i n woods .Common

,K ran j i

,Ch an Ch u K ang .

B romhem l z’

a pa lusl r is Li nd l . Open gra ssy and sandy spo ts , verycommon . F lowe rs wh i te l i p p i n k and ye l l ow . Swee tscen ted .

THE FLORA OF SINGAPORE . l 6 |

M/ l r'

es /rfs R idl . I n den se woods , l oca l . K raup ,Chang i , Toas ,

S u nge i Mora i .

a'l ico la Rid

'. On h igh t ree s , comm on , Buk i t Timah , B uk i t

Pa njang .

(Ip0 7'

O i t l t’S Rch b . f . On l o fty trees . Buk i t Timah , Sel itar.

P o lystaclzya si ng/ apurensi s Ridl . On tree s near mangrove swamps ,rare , Su nge i Mora i .

A deno ncos r i rens B l . A sma l l epi phy te w i th green flowers . Commor: o n mangro ves , Kranj i .

Renan lbera u l 'm R idl . Loca l , Pu l au Sel itar and o th er i s l and srou nd the coa st.

R . el onga ta Li nd l . Rocks,Pu la u Ubi n ; Roads ide , Buk i t T imah .

R . Ma z’

ngayi Hook . fi l . Pu l a u Sel itar.

3ena nt/zerel la bi str i on i ca R idl . Rare . Mangro ves , Serangoon .

R/n/ nclzosfy l is giga ntea R idl . V e ry rare,one p l a n t on a tree a t

Se l i tar .

S acra la h ium perpu ei l l u 'n Hook . fi l . A very sma l l p l an t w i thmi n u te w h i te flo wers . Common in mangroves

,K ranj i ,

S unge i ldu luh .

l'

crosaccus ja rensz'

s Bl . Mangroves,Kran j i .

Twm‘

npby l /um serru la Hook . f. A l eafless ep i ph y te w i th l ongroots and sma l l ye l l ow and wh i te fl o we rs . Common , mangroves

,orchard trees , etc . Tang l i n , Toas, K ranj i , etc .

Cl cz’

sos toma l a l z'

fo l ium Li nd l . S i ngapore , accord i ng to Li nd l ey .

No t seen .

0 . sp i ca /u-n L i nd l . (non a l i or um) . A common p l a n t

.

i n thePe n in su l a . I am dou bt fu l as to its i dent ifi cat i on wi thLi nd l ey’s p l ant. No t common , Ju rong .

Sa rcant/ ms bafop ln'

lu s Ridl . On trees by th e sea , common , K ran j i ,Sunge i Mora i , Sungei Tengeh , Pu la u Tekong .

1 6 2 THE FLORA OF SI NGA POR E.

S . (k iwi /7mm Par . S'

. ca sffmeu s R idl . Rare,on a tree , Da l vey

road . Thi s i s figu red by Dr. K ing , Ann . Bo t . Gard. Ca lcu tta PI. 83 u nder th e name of Cl ei sosroma sp ica fmn , bu t

i t i s no t a C'

l efsos/oma a t a l l,as I u nderstand th e genus .

L i ndl ey 's or i g i na l descr i p t i on of C. sp i cu lum i s very shor t ,bu t h e say s th e flower s are pi lo se and th e l i p IS l o ngerthan th e spur , wh ich does no t app ly to th i s p l an t .

Sm '

coch i l us ca l i fjm is R idl . On tree trunks i n dense wood s .

B uk i t Ti m ah , Chan Ch u Kang .

S . adna tus R idl . V ery rare , Toas .

T/i r i rsperwu n It dei num Rch b . fi l . Scramb l i ng among bu sh es andgrass i n s wamps . F lowers l i l ac or wh ite . Common ,Se l itar , Chang i , Ang Mo K io , Ba lestier p l a i n .

’

j'

l i . ca lcer l us Rch b . f. Grows i n g reat masses on th e grou nd oron trees . F l ower s w h i te swee t. fugac i o u s . Common ,Kranj i , S u nge i Mora i , Buk i t Timah Road , Pu l au Ubi n ,P u l au Tekong .

T. M ar/m i l es Rch b . f . On t rees , flowers ye l l ow do tted red w i thver v l on g ta i l s to th e sepa l s and pe ta l s . Rare , Sel i ta r ,

T. nomibi le Ridl fi‘e Lea ves d u l l red , flowers p i nk

,on trees . Rare

Chan Ch u K ang , Buk it Manda i .

Den i l i oco l l a m i cu l i ta Ridl .age Rare

, Buk i t Manda i .

D . tr i c/zogl ottz’

s R idl . V ery common on orcha rds,and garden s .

A sma l l p l ant wi th fu gac i ou s ye l l ow i sh flowers . \V h o leisland .

D ] fi l ifo rm’

i e R idl . Lea ves l ong s lender terete , flowers wh i te .

On orcha rd trees , rare. Buk i t Manda i , Chan Ch u K ang,

Da l v ey road .

A rr z'

Opsi s java ni ca Reinwdt. Epi ph y te w i th sl ende r pan ic l e s o fpi nk flowers . Trees , open cou n try . V erv commo n , Tangl i n

,Chang i

,Kran j i

, etc .

A . It’z'

z l /eyi Hook . fi l. * F l owers ye l l ow,very rare

,one p l an t on ly

fou nd a t Buk i t Manda i .

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1 6 4 THE FLORA OF SI NGA PORE .

w i th 3 p i nk s tripes . V ery wet spots i n j u ng l e , rare , ChanCh u Kang .

JIucoJes P eto la Li nd l . Leaves brigh t green w ith go l d vei n s .Rare

, Sel itar.

Cgal ore/ us ra r z‘

ega ta B l . Lea ves app l e green w i th da rker marki ngs. Common i n wet woo i s . Chan Chu Kang ,

B uk i tTimah , etc .

var . pur/ iurea . Lea ves pu rp l e . Choa Ch u K ang .

[l g/ lol ifz z'

la mo l l i s L i nd l . \V et wood s , common . Chan Ch u Kang,

Choa Ch u K ang ,Buk i t T i mah , K ran j i .

Hota ria obl i yua Bl . Rare , Buk i t T imah .

Ap /zy l loi-

c/z is pa l l i la B l . A l eafless saprophy te,straw co l or .

No t rare , Tang l i n , Reservo i r woods , Bu k i t T imah .

A nwctdcl / i lus gen i cu l um R idl . Lea ves d eep red w i th go l d ve i n s,

\V o ods ,'

l'oas , Chan Ch u Kang , etc.

Cryptostyl is a rdent/ {res B l . Rare , Bu k i t T imah , Pu la u Damar.

P ogoni a pa nal a to B'. Rare , B uk i t T imah .

Di t lgmfp .

'c 8 pa l lens G i ifl'

. Leafless pu rp l ish saprophy te . No tcommon , C l a n Ch u Kang , Baj au .

L eca nojrcl ds mu l tccens i s Ridl . A b l ack w i ry l eafless p l an t w i th'

pi i k ish flowers . Common i n woods , Buk i t Ti mah , Bajauetc .

G astrorfi a javan i ca Li ndl . Ra re , Chan Ch u K ang , Bn'

ki t Manda i .

H a benarz a Si ngap urenu'

s R idl . V ery ra re , Choa Ch u Kangwoods .

lucer'

i /ez a Ben th . Sma l l wh i te flowered grou n d orch id .

Common a l on g path s , i n grass , etc . W ho l e i s l and .

Jl u i ngayi K i ng .

“ S i ngapore Ma ingay . I ha ve no t see nth i s, and hard ly see how i t d i ffers from th e l a st , w h ich i sa somewha t var i ab l e p l an t.

THE FLORA OF SI NGA PORE . 1 6 5

A rom sm cm .

Apostcts ia Hu l a R . Br. Sh ru bby p l an t w i th narrow l ea ves andsmal l wh i te flowers . V ery common i n d ry woods , Buk i tT imah , etc .

Neuwiedi a L i nd/ (331 i Ro l fe . A ta l l h andsome p l an t wi th br igh tye l l ow flowers . No t rare , Buk i t Tnn ah , Chan Ch u Kang ,Ch ua Ch u Kang .

N. Cur l is z’

i Rol fe . Rare , Chang i , Kran j i . Th i s i s the Tup z'

s l ra

s i ngapuri ana of W a l l ich’

s Ca ta logue .

N. Griy‘i l /m Rchb. f . S tems creepi ng , flowers wh i te . W et

spots . Buki t Timah , Buk i t Manda i , Sunge i'

Morai , ChanCh u Kang , Ju rong .

SCITAMINEZE .

Th e G i ngers have a l ready been descr i bed i n a pre v io u s n u mberof the Jou rna l .

G l ob/m pa n i co z’

des Niq. \V oods , Buk i t T i mah , etc .

GI. u l igi nosu‘Miq. Bu k it Manda i .

Gt. l euca n tha M iq Buk it Ti mah , Chan Ch u Kang .

Curcuma z efloa r z

'

a Ro sc . Abandoned garden s . Reservo i r , Buk i tManda i , etc .

Custus speci osus Sm. Common , Ju rong , Buk i t T imah etc.

var . argyrop/cy l l us Buk i t Ti mah .

C. globosu s Bl . Rocky p l aces , Buk i t T i mah .

Z éhgi ber z erumbet Sm .\V as te grou nd .

Z . gra ci le Jack . Buk i t T imah .

Z . pu’wru lu Ridl . Common , Buk i t Ti mah , Serangoon , Bajau .

Z . Gr ifli t/z i i Bak . Buk i t T imah .

A momum h asti labium R id i . Buk i t Ti mah , Sel itar .

H ornsl edtia scyp /i u s Retz . Common , Tang l in, Buki t Timah .

1 6 6 THE FLORA OF SI NGA PORE.

H . Leonurus Retz . Common . Tang l i n, Buk i t T i mah , Buk i t

Panjang.

11 . meya l oclz z'

lus Ridl . Rare , Buk i t Mandai .

H . com’

ca Ridl . Rare , Buk i t Panjang.

H . Jl/ a z'

ngagi R idl . Loca l , Buk i t Ti mah , Sunge i Bu luh .

P lagiostaclq/s la tera l /3 R idl . Loca l,Buk i t Ti mah , Buk it Manda i ,

Reservo i r woods .

E l etla r z’

opsz’

s l a tiflora Ridl . Common,Buk i t T imah , Kl ’atlJl , Sun

gei Bu l u h .

A lp i n i a mel anocarpa R idl. Sandy spots near the sea . K ran j i ,Sel itar .

A Ga la nga L. W aste grou nd and garde ns .

A . Rafii esiana W a l l . No t common , Sunge i Bu l u h , Changi , Toas.

Donna; grandi s R idl . B uk i t T imah,Buk i t Pan jang .

P /n '

ym'

um Grifli tlzn Bak . Common , Buk i t T imah , Ju rong .

( Ca nna i ndica L . and C'

. l Varcewi cz u . Garden escapes . Tangl i n , etc.

OPHIOPOGONEZE.

P a z osautlfes vz‘

o lacea Wa l l . Dense woods , Buk i t Timah ,

P . r iride Ridl . Common , Chan Ch u Kang ,Ang Mo Kio ,

AMARYLLIDEZ E.

('

u rcu l igo recurva ta Dryand.

“ Lumbah . Common i n opencoun try , B uk i t T imah , etc.

0 . l a l ijbl i a B ryand . V ery common and var i ab l e . A l l over thei s l and.

C. vi l l osa , W a l l . 0 . la ti/‘o l ia , var . c i l l osa Bak . Th i s i s a ve ry d i s

t i nct spec ie s from C. l a tifo l i a . The l ea ves are nar row lanceo late acum i na te ca uda te st i ff , g labrou s abo ve , cobwebby

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1 6 8 THE FLO RA OF S I NGA PORE .

D . tie/lam Hook“

; fl l . S ingapore Ma ingay no t seen .

pa lm-la ttes Hook . fi l . No t common . Sunge i Pandan .

D. gl abra Roxb . Tang l i n , Buk it Manda i .

D.

‘

sa l i va L. Ubi Kista la . \V aste grou nd and hedges,

mon .

(D. a lata L. The varn i s o ften cu l t i va ted . )

ROXBURGHIA CEJE .

Ramona tuberosa Lou r . No t common , Buk i t T imah .

LILIACEJE.

Smi lax ca l oplzy'

l a W a l l . A dwar f e rect sh ru b w i th ye l low flowersand red be rr i es . Common i n den se jung l e . Garden j u ng l e , Chang i , Buk i t Manda i , B uk i t Ti mah , etc .

myosc ti flo ra A . De C . S l e nder c l i mber flower s green . Ra re,

Garden j u ng l e , Chan Ch u Kang .

megaca rpa Roxb . No t common,Garden j u ng l e

,Buk i t '

Ti mah .

S . ba rba ta “Ta l l . A strong c l i mber w i th l r is tly s tems . Cornmon a l l o ver S i ngapore , Tang l i n , etc .

S . leucop/rgl la Bl . w i th large lanceo l ate acum i nate l ea ves broad a t

the base,smooth u na rmed s tem , an d l arge flowers in

so l i tary u mbe l s on s tou t pedun c l es 2 i nches l ong . Rare .

Tanjong Ka tong Hu l l ett Buk i t Manda i , Buk i t T imah .

Dr

’

a nel /a ensifofz’

a Red . Lenjuang. Herb , flowers ye l l owi sh and fru i t wh i te , or flowers and fru i ts b l u e . Commona l l o ver S i n ga pore .

l h -

acmna gra nu la ta Hook . fl l . A tree abou t 20 fee t ta l l w i ths tem s abo u t 4 i n ch es th rough , l ea ves n arrow and darkgreen , flowers wh i te i n l arge pan ic l e s . A beau t i fu l tree.

In Jou rn . Bo t. A pr . 1896 ; I con fu sed th i s w i th D .

gra nti ng/Mi a W a l l , a l o w sh ru b occu rri ng i n th e B i n d i ngs .“

’

et j u ng les,Buk i t T imah , Buk i t Manda i , Choa Ch u

K ang

THE FLORA OF SINGA POR E 1 6 9

D . term’

fl o ra Roxb . A l ow sh rub . Common , th i ck j u ng l e s .

Garden j ung l e , Sel i tar , Changi , Pu la u Ubi n .

D. P or ter i Bak . Common i n th ick j ung les . Garden j u ng l e,

Ju rong , Chan Ch u Kang ,Pu l au Ubi n .

D . uura nti aca W a l l . D. Can / leyi Bak . A sh r ub l i tt l e o rno t branched, l ea ves green or pu rp l e w i th l igh ter r i ngs .

F l owers pu r p le rare ly w h i te , fru i t orange . Dam p spotsa l l o ver S i n gapore , common , Tang l i n , Buk i t T imah , Se l ita r

, etc .

D. M a i ngayi Hook . H]. A bi g tree . Sandy spots near the sea .

Chang i , Sunge i Mora i , B uk i t Pan j ang , Toas .

D. si ngapu rensz’

s Ridl .ale W ood s , Chan Ch u Kang , Buk i t Ti mah .

D. gra c i l i s W a l l . Common i n j u ng l e s , Garden j ung l e , ChanCh u Kang , Buk i t Mandai .

(Co rdyl i ne termi na l z’

s , th e Dracaena o f Garden s , i s no t w i l d anywhere ih the pen i n su l a , i t i s cu l t i va ted on l y . )

PONTEDERIA CEE .

M onoclzor ia has/ (Bfofia Pres l . Aquat ic , flowers l i gh t b l ue . Com

mon, Ga l an g , Ang Mo K io .

JII. an gina /i s Pres l . F l owers dark b l ue . Common i n d i tchesa l l o ver S i ngapore ; the var . pl an tayz

’

nea i s e ven cornmoner .

PHILYDRA CEJE

P h i lj/drum'

Ia nugi nosum Bank s . Loca l . Wet sandy spo ts,

Bedoh .

XYRIDEZE .

A'

gr i s ( tri ceps Lam . A tu fted g ra s sy p l an t wi th termi na lof brown brac ts , w i th f ugac iou s ye l l ow flowers .p l aces

, Ba lestier , p la i n Macpherson road Chang i,

Tekon g .

X . sc/rwnoides Ma r t. Ba lestier p l a i n , Reser vo ir.

7 0 THE FLO RA OF SI NGAPORE .

COMMELINA CICZE ,

P o l l z'

a surz oyoneusi s End l . Herb , flowers wh ite . Ju ng l e , P u l a uUbin .

Commel r’

ua nu rh’

flo ra L. Rum pu t Aur . Common weedb l u e flowers open i ng i n th e ea r ly morn i ng andw i ther i ng . Common a l l o ver S i ngapore .

C. beny/m lens is L. W eed i n cu l t i va ted ground , flowersTang l i n , Ga l ang .

A nez’

lema nu l z’

floru zn Br . Smal l weed w i th p in k flowers , wasteground,

'

l‘ang l i n .

A . vagi natum Br .

'

l'e lok K u rau .

F orresti a mo l l i s Hassk . Setawa . A ta l l e re ct p l a n t abou t,

4 feet h igh . w i th wh ite flowers and p ink capsu l es.Common in j u ng le s , Buk it Timah , Tang l i n , Tampen is ,Reservo i r , Pu l au Ubi n .

F . margina l a Ha ssk . S tou t creep i ng p l an t, flowers wh i te . Caps u l e pu rp l e . Rocks , Buk i t Tnnah .

Cya notis cr z sta ta C . B . C . Sandy shores . Chang i,Te l uk K u ra u .

F l oscolm sca ndens Lou r . Damp Spo ts , Tang l i n , Ga l ang .

FLA GELLARIE ZE .

F idget/ar ia i ndi ca L. Rotan B i n n i . S tems u sed for mak ingbaske ts . Common i n mangrove swamps and o the r p l acesn ear the sea . Baj au , Chang i , P u l au U b i n .

va r . m i nor Ju rong , Sel ita r, Bajau .

Susum a n t/te'

mi u i i cmn B l . Common i n j u ng l e . Buk i t Ti mah ,Chan Ch u K ang

PANDANsac

P a nda nus a l rocurpus Gr i ff. Mengk uang . The bi gges t s pec i es h ere , of ten 40 fee t h igh w i th very long lea ves Usedfo r Kajangs , and a taps , baskets , ha ts , etc . Common a l lo ver S i ngapore , .

-i h swamps .

‘

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1 7 2 TII E FLOR A OF SI NGA PORE .

Pe rak , Su nge i Uj ong and Ma l acca . Th is i s a very d i st i n ct l i tt l eSpec i es , and one of the sma l l es t k nown to me . The ma le

i

plan ts

are very rare . I ha ve on ly met w i th one,and ha ve ne ver seen

r i pe fr u i t.

Th ree other Pandans occu r here wh ich I can no t a t presen ti den ti fy .

P . n ear P . Irel i copus K u rz . but wi th very short s ty l es to th e

fr u i t , l ea ves broad and very thorny a t th e tip. W oods,

Buk i t T imah .

S tem s s l ender abou t 5 feet ta l l m u ch bran ch ed, l ea vesnarrow fru i t cy l i ndr i c 3 i n che s l ong and one i nch th rough ,

Carpe l s sma l l n arrowed i n to a si ng l e cu rved Spi ne .

S treams , Buk i t Manda i , Bu k i t T imah .

A ta l l p l an t abou t 10 fee t h i gh , w i th l ong glaucous leaves1 % i n ch broad , t i ps deflexed. Fru i ts abou t 5 i n aSp ike subg l obose on a s tou t ped u nc l e , each 3 i nch es lo ng,

car pe l s acum i nate i n to a l ong Sp i ne con ic , orange co l or.Form ing l a rge th i ck e ts i n sw am ps near Buk i t Manda i onth e road to Kran j i .

F rog/ci nema a ngusti /o l ia B l . A s l ender c l i mber w i th n arrowl ea ves , often co vering trees l i ke a ma t. Spa th es apr ico torange . common , Garden j u ng l e , Buk i t Timah , Kran j i .

F . Gawh’

c/m udz‘

lT

enn . Lea ves broader Spa thes ye l l o w . Comm o n , Buk i t Manda i , Bu k i t T imah , K ranj i .

F . i nsr'

r/m'

s B l ? A very stou t c l i mber m uch bi gge r than th e

oth ers . Th i ck wood s . Garden j u ng l e , Chan C h u K ang ,Chua Ch u K ang .

PA LMjE .

A reca C'

a l cc/m L. Pi nang . Be te l - n ut. Common ly ,cu l ti

vated, it does no t seem to be k nown w i l d anywhere . )

P i umrga co rona /a B l . Rare , Se l itar .

P .( i t

‘

s / i con Bl . A dwar f pa l m w i th mo tt l ed l ea ves . Rathe rrare

, Sel ita r.

THE FLORA OF SI NGAPO RE 1 7 3

P . M a la r’

ana Scheff . A ta l l s l ender pa l m . Chan Ch u Kangwood s .

P . paradoxa Sche ff . ? Rare , Chan Ch u K ang . The on ly spec imen 1 ha ve c l ose l y resemb l es th i s p l an t wh ich i s othe rw i se a n at i ve of ou r h i l l s a t fee t u pward s .

P . po l r/mo rpha Becc .

“ S i ngapore Lobb doub t l ess an error forPenang .

Nonga l V end/a ndz’

ana var . Afa laccensi s . P i nang Umu . Abou t 1 5fee t ta l l fru i t b l ack on a red spadi v. F lowers creamco lou r . W et woods common

,Garden road

,Chan Ch u

K ang.

P lyc’zorapbi s si rzgoporens i s Becc . Kerin tin .

”A tu fted pa lm

abou t 1 0 feet ta l l . A bu ndan t i n d ry woods, Gard en

j u ng l e, Buk i t T imah .

Cyr l ostac/u/s [La /Flea Becc . The sea l i ng -wax pa l m .

“ P i n an gRajah . W et p laces near the sea

,common

,K ran j i

,Toa s

,

Chu a Ch u Kang .

O ncospet ma Izorr ida Scheff . Bayas. A b ig th orny pa l m,

common i n den se j u ng l e . Garde n j u ng le , Buk i t Timah .

0 . A reca G r i ff . N ibon g . Li ke th e Bayas

, but w i th d roopi n g l eaves , and sma l l er fru i t . Qu i ted i s ti n c t from th e Ja vanese 0 . fi lamen l osa B l . wh ich i smade a synonym i n F l or . Br i t . I nd . The wood i s u sedi n bu i l d i n g and for many o th er pu r poses . Commonusua l ly n ear th e sea , K ran j i , etc . The Ma l ay s d i st i n gu i shse vera l o ther spec i es u nder th e names of Lenou ,

I bas , andBayas Pad i , but they do n o t seem to me to be Spec i fi ca l l yd i s t i n ct.

Igua nura geonommformz

’

s Becc . No t common . S trea ms i n th i ckj ung l e

, Buk i t T imah , Buk i t Manda i .

I. r’l l rrlaccerzsz

'

s Becc . Rare , Chan Ch u K ang .

1 . lV a /l r’

cb z’

a ua Hook . fi l . “ S i ngapore Lobb e v iden t ly ane rror for Penan g .

1 7 4 THE FLORA o r SI NGA PORE .

(A renga sa cc/zo rr’

fera Labi l l . Kabon g, Su ga r pa l m

,i s com e

mou ly cu l ti vated. )Ca r t/om mi ti s Lou r . Tukus . Common i n wood s

, G range Road,B uk i t Timah .

O ra n r'

a macror l odus Mart . Ebo l . A nob l e pa l m abou t 110 feetta l l . Rare i n S i ngapore . Some trees a t Chan Ch u Kang .

More abundan t i n Pu la u Ubi n .

Nipa fru ti cans W urmb .

“ Nipah . Common i n t ida l mud,a l l

round S ingapore . I ha ve “ found fru i ts of th i s i n the

swampy grou nd of th e Botan i c Gardens near C l u ny road,

sh ow i ng tha t th e Buk i t T imah s tream was fo rmer ly t id a land sa l t as far i n la nd as th i s .

'

P lrwm'

x Sp. A fe w pl an ts of a w i l d date occu r scattered abou trou nd S ingapore , a t Toas and e l sewhere , but I h a ve n e verbeen ab l e to

‘

get fr u i ts or flowers .

L r'

cua la ferruf/ i nea Becc . Pa l as . A s tem - l ess pa l m w i thorange co l ored flowe rs and p i nk fru its . Common i n j u ng l e , Garden j ung le , Buk i t T imah , Chan Ch u K ang .

L . l rr'

p lu/ l la Gr i ff . A very pretty dwarf Speci es , l oca l , th i ckwoods , Changi .

L . spr'

nosa W urmb . W oods , P u l a u Ubi n .

L . acutzfi cla Mart “ S i ngapore Lobb ev iden t l y an error forPenang .

L i rr’

s/ ona Ir z ngi a na Becc . A ta l l pa l m abou t. 40 fee t or more w i thl arge fan Sh aped l eaves . Den se woods

,Choa C h u K ang ,

Toas Kranjr

Co l umns . The Rotan s so e x ten s i ve l y exported from S i ngaporebe long to th e gene ra Co lumns , Dwmouorops , Jr

'

or tlm l s i a ,

( fera to l otus and They i n habi t den se fores tsc l i mbi ng to the tops of tree s b y th e a id of thei r thornyfl age l l a or wh i p s . These flage l l a a re u sed to protec tfr u i t- trees from bats , th e nat i ves at tach i n g them to th e

branches and bun ches of fr u i ts i n su ch a way tha t th e ba tstear the i r w i ngs when th ey fly to the tree .

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1 7 6 TIIE FLOR A OF SI NGAPOR E.

D. l ongipes Mart. Chan Ch u Kang , Buk i t T i mah , Man l a t

Changi

D . cock/cams Teysm . Rare , Sel i tar .

D . cr i nz’

ta Bl . No t rare , but I h ave never seen fl owe rs or fr u i ts .

Rotan C h i nch i n , B uk i t T i mah , Chan C h u Kang .

D . a cce' lens Bl . Chan Ch u Kang .

Z a l 'rcca confer ta G r i ff . .

“ A sam Payoh , Ke l u b i . A ve rythorny pa l m ,

common i n water i n j u ng l es , form i ng c l oseth icke ts , fr u i t very ac i d , so l d and ea ten by Ma l ay s . Cl u

ny road , Chan Ch u K ang , Buk i t Manda i .

Z . l V a l l z‘

c/ri a na Mar t. Dryer woods . Buk i t Ti mah,Buk i t Man

da i .

Kort/ra l s i a ec/rz'

nometra Becc . C l i mbe r w i th v ery l a rge swo l l e nsh eath s i n h abi ted by an ts . F l owers and fr u i ts u nkn iwu .

Rare, Buk i t Ti mah .

K. soaph igera Mart . Rotan Semu t. Common , Garden j ung l e ,Buk i t T i mah . A good rattan .

K. flagel l o r z’

s M iq. Buk i t Manda i , Chan C hu Kang .

If. po lys l ac/rys Mart . B uk i t T imah .

Cera io /obus Ki ngi anus Becc . B uk i t Ti mah , Sel itar .

P lecl ocomi a Gr ifi tl zu Becc. Rota n Dahan . A very l a rgestou t rattan . The flowers prod uced i n an enormou s i hflorescence o f pendu l ou s Spi kes 8 feet l ong w i th c l ose darkbrown sheath s" the flowers , each plant i s u n i sexua l

,and th e flower i ng stems d ie a way af ter flower i ng .

Common i n a l l the woods .

M yr ia l epi s Scor éec/ri n i Becc . Rota n Kertong . B uk i t Mandai ,Sel i tar, K ran j i .

The Sago pa l ms Il l el rorg/ lon Sagas Ro ttb . and J] . Ru up /ri z‘

Mar t ,the Lon tar ,

”B orassus fl a bel l ijer L.

, and the Cocon u t,Cocos Nuczfem L . are cu l ti va ted here .

Tl l l“. FLO RA OF S I NGA PORE . 17 7

Anom icze.

Cryp to coryne cm a ta Fi sch . V ery abundan t in t ida l m ud .

F l owe rs ve ry rarely'

pl oduced. K ranj i , etc .

0 . Scho‘

tt. Aquatic i n s treams i n th e fo rests of tena l mos t b l ock i ng them . Spa thes submerged u p to the

mou th,tu be wh i te

,l i mb dark cr i mson pu s tu l ar . Fru i ts

pink . Common , Tang l i n , Garden Road , Buk i t Tnnah ,'

l'

oa

Payoh , Kran j i , Choa C h u Kang .

P ix/ in s tra in/ {es L. Kiamban .

” The W a ter lettuce , i s cul th a ted

by the Ch in ese to feed p igs . Common i n d i tches .

Typl i om'

um Ba rba ry/i i i Sch ott . A weed i n was te g rou nd :

Ammp /zofi/m l l us P i a z'

m z Hook . fl l . Buk i t T imah .

A . sp . Lea f on ly seen . Re servoi r,Buk i t T i mah .

C'

o l o ca s ia a n t iquo r um L. Ke la i i , a nd A l oca s i tt ma c ro r i /u'

z a

Schott and A . a

'

m b'

oa Scho tt are common ly cul t ixa ted,and occu r as garden escapes . A . cucu l /am Scho tt occu rsin was te grou nd i n Tang l i n , a l so dou bt l e ss i n trod uced .

l ocasiu demu la ta Eng]. Ke l ad i R imau . W i th has tatelea ves deep green wi th pa ler nerves en t i re and pe l tate inseed l i n gs , stem . mo tt l ed w i th o l i ve , i s common in woodsand bank s a l l o ve r S i ngapore .

A . lungi /oba Miq.

“ S i n gapore W a l l ich,i s probab ly e rroneous

ly l oca l i sed .

Aglaonema m’

tzdum N . E . Br . w i th s tems 1 to 2 feet ta l l andnarrow-deep green l ea ves a t the top , i s very co nn non in

dense woods . B uk i t T imah,Chan ‘Ch u Kang

,

’ Chang i,

Pu lau Ubi n .

A . obl ongifu l i um Scho tt . A s tou t p la n t wi th dark green l ea vesflecked w i th wh i te . Co nnn on i n swamps i n th e j ung l e .

Chan C h u Kang , Buk i t Manda i , Changi , Loyang .

mi nus Hook . fi l . A d warf spec i es , l ea ves of ten mott l ed w i thpa ler co l or , or [a l e or dark green . Common i n wet j u n

23

17 8 THE FLO RA o r srxc a r o n ic.

g l es . Garden Road , Kranj i , Ch ua Ch u K ang ,l l uk i t

Manda i,Buk i t T i mah .

‘

l l oma l omena sag/ i l b e/b l ia Jungh . Ke la '

noy iang . Den se swa mpy j u ng le , Se l i ta r , Changi , Buk i t T imah .

II. corru lescens J o u gh . Common i n j u ng l e s,h edges and bank s .

Tang l i n,Chang i , Buk i t Ti ma h , K ran j i , Se l i ta r .

II. pa lm /t s : Hook . ti '. \V e t swampy woods . Common , K ran j i ,i i ! k it Timah , Toa s , .\ ng Mo K io

,Ju rong .

pumi la Hook . fi l . A sma l l p l an t. l ea ves deep ve l ve ty greenor pu rp l e accord in g to l oca l i ty . Common in woods , a ndve ry var i ab l e . Buk i t Ti mah , Se l ita r, Reser vo i r woo l s .

Gnfi / lu’

i Hook . fl l . Common i n th ick j ung le, Buk i t T imah ,

Buk i t Mandai , Tanj ong Go l , Sel i tar.

H . Ki ngi z'

Hook . ti l . S i ngapore , swa '

n ps ( K ing ) . No t seen .

11 . ora ta Hook . fi l . S ingapore W a l l i ch No t seen .

H . s z h gapo rens z’

s Rege l . A ‘

l a l togeth er dou btfu l p l an t , cu l t i va tedi n Ru ss i a .

Sch i sma togfottz

'

s

'

l V a l l ic/z i i Hook . fl l . Den se jung l e i n ra v i n esabu ndan t . Buk i t T imah

,Ch an Ch u Kang .

S . l ongz'

pes M iq. Lea ves ova te corda te dark green w i th a l igh tgreen bar ru nn i ng ro u nd the cen tre . A bundan t , ro rkv

ra v i nes . Buk i t T i mah .

A mu lend/ um mon ta num Scho tt . C l i mbi ng o n trees l o w down .

Common, Gard en j u ng le , Buk i t Ti mah .

A . medium Sch o tt . P o l /10 3 Il l/ a r ia \V a l l . I’o l /zos (

'

ei

’a fi ca u l i s o f

Garden s . The young plan t grows fla t o n trees and ro cks

w i th c lose set dis tich o us ve l ve ty green l ea ves and h as l ongbeen cu l t i va ted un ler th e l a s t name i n Eu rope . Th i sfo rm grad ua l l y passes i n to th e ad u l t wh ich has s ta l k e dl obed and per fo ra te l ea ves l ike th ose of M ons ter“ . No tra re

,Buk i t T i mah , Ju rong , Bida l ari , Reser vo i r woods .

b’

oc'

m lup s us p icfus Ha s sk . A we l l known o rnamen ta l c l imbe rw i th green lea ves mo tt l ed w i th s i lver . Common in w o ods

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l 80 THE FLO RA OF SI NGAPORE .

Timah , Cha n Ch u Kang , Sel i ta r. I d oubt th is be i ng d i st i nc t, from B l ume’s Ne. ten el l a .

NA IADA CEAE.

Nam e m i no r A l l . Di tch es,Garden s

, o ften a perfect: res t i n the

Garden s l ake .

ERIO CAULONEJE .

F r ioca u l m serm on /a re L. V e ry common a l l o ve r S i nga pore .

F . 11 unmmm Il am . [lamp sandy s pots , common . Tang l i n,

Tamren is , Buk i t T i mah ,Chan Ch u Kan cr .

CY P ERACICJE .

cyl im l r ica Nees . Ra re , sandy s pots . Ca thed ra l c l ose .

If. mel a nos/ ierma Nees . ta re,i n l on g damp gra ss . Tang l i n .

K. bra -

{fo l io Ro ttb . V ery common , who l e i s l and .

m onocep’m l a Ro ttb . \V ho le i s l and .

Pycreus m’

l cns Nees . Rare , damp sandy spo ts , Se l i tar , Changi .

P . po lg/stacbyu e Beauv . V e r y common , was te grou nd and orenspo ts

,v ar . lamiflnrus . Marshy grou nd .

CI/pfi‘

uQ [L i sp /m, L . V ery commo n i n marshy spo ts . \V h o le

i s l and .

0 . (Ii/fi l m s V ah l . Sandy woods , Buk i t T i mah .

C. radi a ns Nees . Sea shores , Chang i .

C. co 'np i'

essus L. Common in waste grou nd, who l e is lan l .

C. Ir z’

a L. W eed o f cu l t i vati on , who l e i s l and .

C. di s /a ns L. V e ry common i n waste grou nd .

C'

. zl l a la cccnsis Lam . Muddy spots by t i d a l r i ve rs , Ba lestierp l a i n .

C. p ifosu s V ah l . W et or d amp spots

,who l e i s l and .

THE FLORA O F SI NGA PORE . l 8 i

ba uca nus M iq. Can t ley’

s co l l ec t i on,n o l oca l i ty .

C. Z o l l z’

nger i Ste ud . Common,waste grou nd near v i l l ages .

C. ro tum l us L. V ery common weed, garden s an d waste gro un l

C’

. s /o’om

’

ferus Reta. Sea sand , Tanjong Ru , Chang i .

Ma ri gen e Dref/ea nu eKth . Co znmo n san'l y p l aces near th e sea .

Tanjong Ka tong ,Ba les tier p l a i n , Chang i .

Jl l'

. ("

ypm’iuus V ah l . V ery common in d ry spots , a l l o ve r S i ngapore .

.l [. S i eber z’

a nu e Nees .

'tV aste grou nd , Tang l i n , Ga l ang .

Jlf. a l bescen s Gaud . Common near th e sea . Tanjong Ru , Rochore , Baj au .

Jl . m z'

crocep li a'

u s Pre s ]. Ga l ang .

F l coc/m r z'

s va r i ega ta , var . luf f/fora C.B .C V e ry co nmon i n pond sand marshe s , Tang l i n , Reser voi r, B l akang Ma t i , Changi .

F . oc/i rosfa c/ig/ s S teud . No t rare , Garden Lak e , Changi . Sel i tar,T i vo l i .

E . capi l a ta Br. Loca l , Changi , Tampen is , Teban .

F . ch o efar ia Roe in . Common i n d i tches , Tang l i n , Chasser i auEs tate , Sel i tar.

E . fistu losa Sch u l tes . Loca l . Marsh e s rou nd th e reser vo i r .

F imbr i styl i s tetragona Br. Ba lestier p l a i n .

F z'

nabr i .sfy l is acumi na ta V ah l . Common,B l akang Mat i , Buk i t

Timah,Changi .

F . setacea Ben th . Rare , Tang l i n .

F . wu 'm i s V ah l . Damp sandy spo ts , Buk i t T i mah , Chang i , Buk i tManda i

,B l akang Ma ti .

F . pou cifl ora Br . Common a l l o ve r S i n gapore i n tu rf , and in

damp spots .

F . dip/zy l la V ah l . V e ry common a l l o ver S i ngapore .

1 8 2 THE FLORA O F S I NGA PORE .

V a r. Long wet gras s . Buk i t T imah , Cha nC h u Kang .

nes ti ra l z’

s V ah l . Damp cu l t i va ted grou nd,Tang l i n .

femur /{um V ah l . T ida l r i ver m ud . K ran j i,Chan Ch u Kang ,

P u la u Ubi n .

F . Spa t/mom Roth . San ly Spots nea r the sea, common . Se l i ta r ,

Buki t Manda i , K ran j i , Changi .

teimr i i var. obl um /u . Sandy spo ts a nd in l u i f,no t ra re

,Tang

l i n , Ju rong ,Buk i t T imah

,Ch ua Ch u K ang .

F . ( i .e/wrr ima Boeck . \V o ods,Buk i t Manda i .

F . m’

l iucea V ah l . V ery co .nmon i n dry spots a l l o ver S i ngapore .

gl otu'

osu Ktl i . Common . Tang l i n .

F . comp lm i a ta Li nk . No t very common . Bo tan i c Garden s . ChanCh u K ang

,Ba les tier p l a i n .

F . l ep /O t l t l tfa Ben th . Common i n sandy Spo ts . Tang l i n , Buk i tT imah

,Chang i , Ba les tier p l a i n .

B u l l/ osh / l i'

s ba rba ta Kun th . Common e verywhere i n sandy spots

B . p ubei u l a Kth . I n Can t ley’

s co l l ect ion,w i thou t l oca l i ty .

Sci rp us mucrona l u s L. Common i n poo l s a nd d i tches , Reser vo i rChan Ch u Kang .

Sc . groseus Lin . fi l . Rare . Di tch a t W ayang Sa tu , Buk i t Ti mahRo ad .

F u i'

rena u ni bel /am Ro ttb . Common i n s wampy spo ts .

L ipoca rp/i a a rgentea R. Br . Common i n wet s po ts a l l o ver thei s l and .

L . ma’

crocepba la Kth . Loca l . B uk i t. Manda i , and on th e Buk i tT imah road near K ran j i , Ga l ang .

R/lj/Nt'ItO -QPO V G l lQi / l i

'

cl i i'

a na Kth . Common in d ry hea tl iy spots .

Ju rong,S u nge i Mora i , Se l i tar .

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184 THE FLORA o r SI NG A PORE .

b’

t l . : eylm i ica Poi r . \V et spo ts , Chang i , Tang l i n .

ca r z’

cz'

i i a Benth . V e ry common , pa th s and tu rf , and d am pspo ts . A l l over S i ngapore .

S ol . la teral/70m Bek ler . Ka l ang , Tang l i n .

o ry z o z'

des Pres]. Rare , wet Spots , Changi .

Sol . ba nca na M iq. Common in open coun try , Tang l in , etc .

So l . Boeck . No t u ncommon i n woods . Buk i tT imah , Garden j ung l e .

smna trens is Re tz . V e ry common i n open cou n try a l l o verthe i s l and .

law'

s Re tz . Common in d ry O pen spo ts and was te gro und .

\V ho le i s l and.

Carer‘

cyr l ostac/iys Brngn . Loca l,in a stream on Bu k i t T i mah .

GRAMINEJE .

P aspa i’um scrobz

’

cu l i i tu 'n L. Common e very where .

P . conjuga t io n Berg . V ery com ino n ,

'

probably i n troduced .

P . di stic/i um Bu rm . P l e n t i f u l in sa l t mud a l l rou nd the i s l a nd,

Tanjong Ru , Bajau .

P . Lam . Common eve ry wh ere i n was te grou nd .

P . l o ngifl or i im Re tz . Common i n waste g round .

Isac/i i i e W t. \V et p l aces i n woods. Buk i t Mand a i ,Chan Ch u Kang , Ju ron g .

I. a ustra l i s R . Br . V ery com mon in marsh es , Tang l i n , etc .

I. mi l z'

a cea Roth . Wet s pots i n woods , Tang l i n , Buk i t T i mahRoad ti th m i l e

, Se l itar .

P a n icu -n crusguI/ z

'

L. Rare , co l l ecte ] by Hu l l ett w i thou t l oca l i ty

I’. co l onu wL. Common i n wa ste g rou nd.

T l l F. FLORA OF S I NGA PO RE. l 8 5

P . (He ine/13mm L. No t Common , Buk i t Manda i , Chang i , Tang l i n .

P . repens L. Common , Tang l i n , Reser vo i r , Chang i .

I’. (un i /um Pres l . Wet, O pen Spots , Reservo i r , Chang i , Ang Mo

K io .

P . z'

i idi'

cum L. Common,was te ground .

P . myosuro z’

cles Br. Di tches, Ang MO K io

,K ran j i .

P . nodosa n Ktli . Hedges and th icke ts,Tang l i n

,Chan Ch u Kang .

P . o ra l ijo l iu oi Po i r. Rare, G avernmen t Hi l l .

P . sa rmcn /osum Roxb . Woods,G range Road , Changi , Sumba

wang .

P . lu f onense Pres l . Dry road s ides and was te grou nd, Tang l i n ,

P . po l ens L. Shady Spo ts , Tang l i n , Buk i t T i mah,Chu a

Kang ,

P . pm pes Nees . Roads i des , Buk i t Ti mah , Garden s , etc .

l ’. l i l i/ o l z'

um L. Damp , sh ady spots , Tang l i n.

A xonopus cimz’

cinus Beauv . W as te grou nd,Tang l i n , Chan

K ang .

Setar ia gla uca Beauv . W a s te grou nd, common . Tang l i n , Ang

Mo K io,Chan Ch u Kang .

T/i uarea sarmen tosa Pe s . Sandy p l ace s near the sea , l oca l .Chang i , Ga l ang ,

'

l‘

e luk K ura u .

L eers i‘

a l i exa iu l ra Sw. Common i n marshes,who l e i s l and .

Leptasp i s urcco l a ti i R . Br . Den se wood s , Buk i t Ti mah , Chang i ,Chan Ch u Kang .

P erati s A i t . Sandy p l aces , Ca th ed ra l compou nd , Ga l ang ,Chang‘

Z oysz‘

a pungens \V i l ld. Common i n tu r f and near the sea.

186 THE FLOR A OF S INGA PORE.

Com: L rtcl i ryma-Jobz

'

L “ Job’s Tears , “ Ji lei . Occu rs i nwas te grou nd . )

Dimeri e orm'

t/i opoda Tr i n . Dry sandy spots , Tang l i n , Buk i tT imah road . V ar. Su l

ta n / 10m sub . var . i uiperjec ta Hacke l .Ch angL

Imp z i'

u ia ar a nrl z’

no cea Cy r i l l . La l ang .

’

P robab ly th e commonest p l an t i n the i s l and.

I. er a /tam Brngn .

“ La l an g Jawa . Common,u sua l ly near

abandoned v i l l ages , Sel itar , Bajau , Ch ua Ch u Kang .

Isc’memum ru ; osum Sa l i sb . Rare,Ga l ang .

I. maynw a Rend l e .

‘

B l akang Ma t i , Ba les t ier p la i n , Ga l an g . Ih ave a l so co l lec ted i t i n Lab uan .

I. mmi cun i L. Common e very where .

I. ci l i a -

e Re tz . Roa l sides , and tu rf. V ery common .

I. ti'

morense Kth . Road s ides,Tang l i n, K ran j i .

Ro ttboel / z'

tt gl andu l osa Tri n . Borders o f woods and th ickets ,Chang i , Ba j au , Pu l au Ubi n .

A ndrop igon pseurlogra t/ a Kth . Sandy p l aces . Ga lang , Chang i , Blakang Mat i .

A . aci cu l rl u s Re tz . V ery common i n tu r f , etc . , e verywhere .

A . contoriu ; L. Sandy spots n ea r th e sea , Chang i .

A nfln‘

sri r i i amt/ ens W i l ld . Dry open spo ts . Ch i nese cemetery ,

Sepoy l i nes .

A . gi ,/ma ted var. r i l l i sa . A very ta l l reed l i ke -grass . Dry spo ts .

For t S i loso , S iglap, Ba lest ier p l a i n .

P o lytr z’

as proemorsa Hack . G rassy spots . Tang l i n,Cli asseriau

Es tate .

Sphoerocaryum elega ns Nees . W et pa th s it i j ung l e commonK ran j i , Ang Mo Kio .

Spo rebo l us i nrlz’

cus L. Mt. Faber , Ang Mo K io , Tang l i n , Ga l ang .

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188‘

THE FLORA OF S I NGA PORE .

G l ez'

c/i eu i i t l i uei tr i’

s Bu rm . G l . die/rotoma W i l l d . Re‘

sam, com

mon a l l o ver S i n gapore .

A l voph i l i t l i ttebrosa Hook . Tree fe rn , s te in abou t 5 fee t ta l l and2 in ches th rough . Common i n dam p woods . Buk i tTi mah , Ju ro ng , Chan C h u Kang , Buk i t Manda i , Ch oa Ch uK ang .

A . 0 0 771 7571 Hook . No t ra te, Buk i t T i mah , Ju rong, Sel itar , ChanCh u Kang .

A . Ridl eyi Bak . Rare , Su nge i Mora i .

L eccmop ter is ca t-nose Bl . V ery rare , on l o fty trees , Buk i t T imah ,

Hymenop .

’ig/ l l um Common on trees an l rocks i i i th ick

woods . Buk i t T imah,Kranj i , Changi , Baj au , Sunge i

Mora i .

II. dei i / i cu l t i tum Sw . No t common , mangro ves , K ran j i .

H . Necsz z Hook . Se l itar , Buk i t T imah .

sp. Buk i t Mandai

Tri c/i oma nes nmsco i jes Sw . tock s,Buk i t T i mah .

Tr . Jura u z'

cum B l . Terrestri a l , very common i i i a l l d am p woods .

Tr .

'

I'i j/ i tlum Sw. Less common , Bu k i t T i mah , Toas , K ranj i ,S unge i Mora i , Se l ita r, Tanj ong Merawan .

Tr . fi l i cu la Bury . Lipu i c l a fu n Po i r. Creepi ng on rocksand trees , no t ve ry common , Buk i t T imah , Chan Ch u

K ang,K ranj i .

Tr . max inwu B l . Ra t e , Ba ja u .

Tr . digi l u l um Sw . tare , K ran j i .'

I'

r . pa lm/m um Po i " .

“ S i n gapore , Moore’s Her-bar i um fi l e

Beddome no t seen .

Il umttl a li ctcrop /i i/ i l t i Sw. On tree s and on th e g rou nd i n sandySpo t s . Common , Changi , Baj au , Ta mpen is , K ranj i , Buk i tT imah .

THE FLORA OF S I NGA PO RE . 18 9

II. ( i i igi i s l ctta \V a l l . On trees , Sunge i Mora i , Ul l a l l‘ Ch l l Kang .

H . pt’dttftt Sw. No t common , K i a i tj i , Bajau .

l l . pa ra l l el s \V a l l . Tanjong Merawan .

II. sessi i’

i /o i a Bl . S i ngapore , S i nc l a i r and Moore's Herbari um

i n Beddome ; no t see n .

L eucosfef/ z'

a pa r ru'

t i Wa l l . Mangro ve swamps. K ran j i, Su nge i

Bu l uh , Tanjong Merawan .

P rosap l z'

tt con tigu rt Sw .

“ S i ngapore ti de Beddome,m us t be

very doub tf u l .

Da va l l i a tra’

pby l la Hook . On l o f ty trees , apparen t ly by no meansrare , but d iffi cu l t to pro _luce. B uk i t Ti mah , Se l itar ,Ki anji .

D. so l ida Sw . Common , Se l i tar , Ch ua Ch i t Kan O '

, Su nge i Mcra i .C

D . el ega ns Sw. On trees , of ten very h i gh , a nd on the sand ofthe sh ore s , Buk i t T i mah , Changi .

Jl i’

cro l up i'

a svel uuco e L . Common on ba nk s , Tang l i n , A ng MoK io , Ch a '

i gi , Pasi r Panj an g , Ro ch ore.

L i i i t lsays reperts Thw. C l i mbi n g on s ma l l trees in th ick fores t.Buki t Timah .

L . Dry . L . L a ncca (L) . Dense fores t, Buk i t Ti mahSel i tar.

L . lio i 'neens is Hook . Ju ron g .

L . r igi l a S i n . Rare , Su nge i Bu l uh .

L . t i l t'erae Ho ok . I n O pen we t s pots , common , but l oca l ,C hang i

,Tampen is , Buk i t Manda i .

L . di vergens W a l l . Co n mon in dry woo l s , Buk it T i mah , Baj au ,Su nge i Mora i .

L . l ' l l l uf/ i l l osa W a l l . O n trees , Ju rong r i ve r, Bajau , on trees i nthe Bo ta n i c Garden s .

1 9 0 THE FLORA OF SINGA PORE.

foba /a Po i r . In dense woods, Buk i t

'

I‘

imah .

Salt . ensi/ u l i a Sw . I n th ick wet woods . Ch ua Ch u Kang .

So le. media R . Br. Rare , Pu l au Bran i .

S ch . Icetei 'op /q/ Va Dry . Ra te , P u la u Bran i .

A dz'

a ntum fl a bel l u l a /um L. Bank s , C hangi ; Rocks , Pu la u Ubi n . .

A fe w oth er Spec i es h a ve es tab l i sh ed th emse l ves as gardenescapes .

C/zei'

a nt/zes tenuifu l ia Sw . Common i n d ry spo ts , Tang l i n , ChanCh u K ang , Pu la u Ubi n .

P lerz’

s ens ijo rmis Bu rm . Common i n d ry st s,Buk i t T imah ,

Tang l i n,P u l au U bi n .

P t. l onn o l ia L Mount P l easa n t , (Hu l l ett ) .

P t. aqu i l a’

na L . Common a l l o ver S i ngapore .

L i tobrocbia i nci sa Th u ti b. Tang l in-

( probab l y an esca pe ) .

Cera top ter is {Ita l i an-

ai sl es L. Common i n d i tche s and s l uggi shstreams . Tang l i n , Sel i ta r, Ch angi .

B lecl’m um or ien ta l e L. V ery common i n o pe n p l ace s , Tang l i n ,B uk i t T imah , etc .

B . F i n lay/son z’

a num \V a l l . I n s i m i l a r l oca l i ti e s , Reservo i r , Buk i tT i mah

,Chan Ch u K ang .

B . sei'

ru la l um Rich . S i n gapore (Hu l l e tt ) .’

l'

lzamno l i ter is m'

das L. Common on trees a l l o ver S i ngapore, th e

l arge form var. mnsaefo l z'

a i s the commonest form .

A splem'

u w Squamu la tum 81. Much resembl e s th e l as t, but h as acreepi ng s te m . W et woods , u s ua l l y grow i ng on s tumps ,Buk i t Ti mah , Chu a C hu Kang .

A . lonyi ssimmn B l . On roots of Bamboos , Tang l i n .

A . tel l ct'

nm Fors t. . W oo l s , common , Garden j ung l e , Buk i t T imah ,Ang Mo K io .

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19 2 THE FLORA O F S I. GA P -HIE .

N. u rop/zy l lum W a l l . Dense j u ng l e,Buk i t T imah .

mo l l e Des v. Common i n open p l aces,Tang l i n

,Ch u a Ch u

Kang, Se l i ta r , Pu l a u Bran i .

V a r . am’mi nensr . G reen H i l l , etc .

V ar . p rocur rens . G reen H i l l .

V a r. didymoso z um. No t rare .

penn igm-

um B l . Chan Ch u K ang .

tea/um W a l l . S i ngapore W'

aHich no t seen .

lzetm’

oca rpon Bl . G ree n H i l l ( H u l l e tt

N. p o lycarpum B l . Magoo/l l a ma p o lycarpa, Bl . \V oo .l s , Buk i t:T i mah .

l a i ebrosum Kz e. Buk i t Timah .

Iru uca lum Pres'. S i ngapore ( Hu l l e tt.

N '

pbro l rp i s ex t l l ‘a l a L. Common i n o pen cou n try a l l o ve rS i ngapo re .

N. ro l ubz’

l i s J . S i n . C l i mbi ng o ve r bush es , R ) ch o re ,Sunge i Mora i .

N. non /a Pres l . S i ngapore Hu l l e tt . )

N. Du ’fi i . Has es tab l i sh ed i tse l f a t Chang i a nd a few othe rp l a ces .

Diclg/op l er i s Barber i Hook . Buk i t Ti mah .

D . diflin'mi ; B l . B uk i t T i mah .

F o b/podium decorum Brack . Common on trees , mangrove swamps ,K ranj i , Su nge i Bu l u h , Toas .

P . s l rc’pfa U/ l l um Bak . V ery rare , Trees on Serangoon RoadMur ton

P . adsp ersum BI. and P . se/ iger um B l . i n Moore’s [Ierbariuin ( Bed

dome ) , probably w rong ly l oca l i sed .

THE FLORA OF SI NGAPO RE . [9 3

Gon i nph lelz ium verrucomm “

’a l l . Dam p open spo ts , Buk i t Manda i , Pas i r Panjang .

Nip /zobo lw adn ascens SW . On trees,Changi , P u la u Ubi n .

N. acros i i c/z oi tles Sw. Garden j u ng l e,Chan Chu Kang .

N. penangim u s Hook . Rare,K ran j i .

D ip ter i s Horsfi el fln Br. A bundan t on rocks and banks o ver;hangi ng th e sea , a l l rou nd the i s l and from Pas i r Pan jangto Changi , a l so on Pu la u Tekong and o tl zer i s l and s i n th eS tra i t.

Drynar ia Li nnaea’

Bory . On trees,Changi

,Serango o

r, Toas.

I) . quercifo l ium L. On trees,Toa s .

D . Sp l endens Hook . S i ngapore ( Beddome ) .

P leopel ti s stenop/zy l l a B l . On l of ty trees , Buk i t Ti mah .

P . si n uosa W a l l . Common on trees . Th i s curious fern i s re

markab le for i ts ho l l ow rh i zome a l way s fu l l of an t’s nes ts .Gardens , Ju rong , Buk i t T imah .

P . longiful z’

a Me tt . Sunge i Mora '

P . a ngusta ta SW . Common on trees, Gardens , Sunge i Mora i ,

Changi,Bajau , Serangoon .

P . p uncta ta L. P . i r io ides Hook . Common on trees an d banks .Tangl i n , S iglap, Su nge i Bu l oh , Chan Ch u K ang.

P . phyma todes L . V e ry common on trees on th e ground i n d ryspots . Tang l i n

,Buk i t Ti mah , Sel itar, Changi .

P . n igrescens Bl . \V oo :l s . Buk i t Ti mah .

.

‘u'onogra

rnme Ir t’

clzo z’

dea S in . A ve ry sma l l h a i r - l i k e fern,rocks :

Buk i t T imah .

Syngr t zmme Hook . W oods , com mon , Bu k i t Timah ,Sel itar , C hu a Ch u Kan g , etc .

S . a l ismaefo lm Hook . Less common , Buk i t T imah , Chan Ch uKang.

| 9 4 THE FLORA OF S I NGAPORE .

S e] ignea F aei Hook . Common on trees,especi a l l y mangroves

K ran j i , Bajau , etc .

S . membra nacea Hook . S i n gapore , Moore’s Herb . (Beddome . )

Gymnagramme ca lomela nos . The s i l ve r fe rn occur s he re and th ereas an escape . Tang l i n , Chan Ch u Kang .

Jlfem'

sci zun fr z'

p/zy'

lum SW . Bank s o f S treams,Toa Payoh .

i ll . cusp i da tum B l . Upper Manda i,Bu k it T imah , Ch u a Ch u

K ang .

A nrrop lz r/ mn refz‘

cu la tum Ka n l f. On trees and rocks , no t common ,B uk i t T imah .

A . p la n /agi neum Kau l f . Sel itar .

V z’

l ta r z'

a nl ongn / a SW . V ery common on tree s,Garden s , K ran j i ,

Thompson R oad, etc .

V . sco l open cl i i ua Pres l . On trees . Ch ua Ch u Kang .

Taen i tes bl t c/m oz'

des \V i l ld. V ery common i n wood s a l l o verS i n gapore .

Drg/mogl ossum p z'

l i sel lui t les Presl . Common o n trees e very whe re .

JC/ap lz on/omum l mfi l z’

um Sw . On trees i n mangrove swamps.K ran j i .

S i enna/l l am a pa lm /re L. Common , c l i mb i ng over trees andbushes . The young creep i ng form w i th de l ica te fi ne lycu ts fronds may be fou nd i n wet woods . I found a

c u r iou s fasc i a ted form on Buk i t Timah . Bochore , Tang l i n ,B uk i t T i mah , etc .

P o lybo l rya appem l i cu l'

tm \V i l ld. Loca l . Rock s , Buk i t Timah.

Gymnopfer i s su brep anda Hook . Buk i t Ti mah .

G. P res l ia na Hook . Buk i t T i ma h (Hul let) .

A crosti c/nun au reum L . Common i n t i da l m ud , on a l l the r i vers.

P lan/ cer i um gra ude Sm . No t seen . S i ngapore (Beddome ) .

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1 9 6 THE FLORA OF SING A P J RE

8. sp. Sma l l p l an t , Buk i t T i mah , No . 6547 .

P s z'

l o tum fl accidum \V a l l . On trees in mangrove swamps , Kran j i

P comp l ana tum Sw. Mangro ves , Sunge i Morai , K ran j i .

RHI Z OCARPEAE .

A z o .

’l a p z

'

m z a ta R . Br. A sma l l floa ti ng p l an t. Di tches , common ,Tang l i n , Ang Mo K io , Ga l ang .

A dden da .

Ludwiy i z pa rr z’

fl ora Roxb . Di tch es , Tang l i n .

E n /Wdr z'

as R idl . Common i n pond s an dd i tches ,Tang l i n . Th i s new gen u s mu st be put. i n p l ace of [Iydri l la

for wh i ch i t was m i s taken .