Test 001 – Answer Key

1. .A. 1 only

• The demand for a constituent assembly was first made by MN Roy in 1934. The Indian National

congress made the same demand in 1935. In 1938, Jawaharlal Nehru, on behalf the INC declared

that ’the Constitution of free India must be framed, without outside interference, by a Constituent

Assembly elected on the basis of adult franchise’.

• In 1946 the Cabinet Missionwas sent to India. While, it put forth a scheme for the Constituent

Assembly for India. On the basis of The Constituent Assembly was constituted in November 1946

under the scheme formulated by the Cabinet Mission Plan.

2. A. 6th

December 1946.

Timeline of constituent assembly

9 Dec 1946: 1st meeting of CA.

13 Dec 1946 : Objective resolution by Jawaharlal Nehru.

22 Jan 1947 : Passing of objective resolution.

22 July 1947 : Adopted National flag.

26 Nov 1949 : Constitution was adopted by the assembly.

3. D. None of the above

4. A. Japan

The concept of procedure established by law is mentioned under article 21 of the constitution. The

adopting procedure established by law instead of due process of law restricts the judicial reviewing

powers of the Indian judiciary but this limitation is diluted to a certain extend over the years, especially

after the Supreme Court verdict on Menaka Gandhi case (1978).

5. B. Constitutional Right

Article 326 of the Indian constitution says that the elections to the loksabha and state legislative

assemblies should be on the basis of universal adult franchise. And every citizen of India who is not less

than 18 years of age shall be entitled register be registered as a voter.

6. D. All of the above

• It was on the basis of the shah commission report that the Punjab state was reorganized in

1966.

• Fazalali commission or the States re organization commission was appointed by the central

government in 1953 to study the reorganization of the states on linguistic basis.

• Dhar commission or the Linguistic provinces commission was appointed by the central

government in 1948 to study the reorganization of the states on linguistic basis.

7. B. NeelamSanjiva Reddy

All the other persons were served both as vice president and president of India.

8. B. 2 only

• The Constitution does not contain any specific procedure for the selection and appointment of

the Prime Minister. Article 75 says only that the Prime Minister shall be appointed by the

president. In 1980, the Delhi High Court held that the Constitution does not require that a

person must prove his majority in the LokSabha before he is appointed as the Prime Minister.

For example, Charan Singh (1979), VP Singh (1989), Chandrasekhar (1990), PV NarasimhaRao

(1991), AB Vajpayee (1996), DeveGowda (1996), IK Gujral (1997) and again AB Vajpayee (1998)

were appointed as Prime Ministers in this way.

• According to article 76 of the constitution the president will appoint will appoint a person who is

qualified to be appointed a judge of the Supreme Court to be Attorney General of India.

9. D. Neither 1 nor 2

• According to Article 54 the President shall be elected by the members of an electoral college

consisting of; (a) The elected members of both Houses of Parliament; and (b) The elected

members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States. The term ‘‘State ’‘in this regard includes

the Union territories of Delhi and Puducherry (70th Amendment Act 1992).

• When the sitting President is unable to discharge his functions due to absence, illness or any

other cause, the Vice-President discharges his functions until the President resumes his office.

10. B. 1,2 and 4

The citizenship amendment bill of 2016 was included provisions to grant Indian citizenship to Hindu,

Sikh, Jain, Buddha, Parsi, and Christian refugees who came to India from Pakistan, Afghanistan and

Bangladesh due to religious persecution.

11. B. Fundamental Rights

12. B. Protection against forced labor

Protection against forced labor is provided under article 23 of the constitution as a right against

exploitation.

13. A. Swaran Singh committee

The fundamental duties which is enshrined in part IV – A of the constitution were added to the

constitution by the 42nd constitutional amendment act of 1976 on the basis of Swaran Singh Committee

recommendations.

14. C. 1993

The NHRC was established in 1993 under a legislation enacted by the Parliament, namely, the Protection

of Human Rights Act, 1993.

The commission is a multi-member body consisting of a chairman and four members. The chairman

should be a retired chief justice of India, and members should be serving or retired judges of the

Supreme Court, a serving or retired chief justice of a high court and two persons having knowledge or

practical experience with respect to human rights. In addition to these fulltime members, the

commission also has four ex-officio members—the chairmen of the National Commission for Minorities,

the National Commission for SCs, the National Commission for STs and the National Commission for

Women.

15. A. Regional anti-terrorism structure

� The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) established in 2004, is headquartered at Tashkent,

Uzbekistan, and is a permanent organ of the SCO which serves to promote cooperation of member

states against terrorism, separatism and extremism.

� New Development Bank formerly referred to as the BRICS Development Bank. Established in 2015

(treaty signed 2014). Headquartered in Shanghai, China. The bank's primary focus of lending will be

infrastructure projects (both public and private).

� The initial paid up capital of the bank is $50 billion with each member countries contribute equally. The

NDB’s President is elected on a rotational basis from one of the founding members. K. V. Kamath (India)

is the first President of the bank.

� Contingency Reserve arrangement, established in 2015 by the BRICS countries. Through the Treaty for

the Establishment of a BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement, signed at Fortaleza, Brazil 2014. It

proposes to provide short-term liquidity support to the members through currency swaps to help

mitigating BOP (Balance of Payment) crisis situation.

16. C. Both 1 and 2

• According to the Lokpal and Lokayuktas act, 2013 the Lokpal to consist of a Chairperson with a

maximum of 8 members of which 50% shall be judicial members.

• 50% of the members of the Lokpal shall come from amongst the SCs, the STs, the OBCs,

minorities and women.

• The selection of the Chairperson and the members of Lokpal shall bethrough a Selection

Committee consisting of the Prime Minister, the Speaker of the LokSabha, the Leader of the

Opposition in the LokSabha, the Chief Justice of India or a sitting Supreme Court Judge

nominated by the Chief Justice of India and an eminent jurist to be nominated by the President

of India on the basis of recommendations of the first four members of the selection committee.

• A Search Committee will assist the Selection Committee in the process of selection. 50% of the

members of the Search Committee shall also be from amongst the SCs, the STs, the OBCs,

minorities and women.

• The Prime Minister has been brought under the purview of the Lokpal with subject matter

exclusions and specific process for handling complaints against the Prime Minister.

• Lokpal’s jurisdiction will cover all categories of public servants, including Group A, Group B,

Group C, and Group D officers and employees of Government

• The Lokpal will have the power of superintendence and direction over any investigating agency,

including the CBI, for cases referred to them by the Lokpal.

17. B. The Union minister for minorities is the ex officio chairman of the NCBC.

• The commission was first established in 1993 by an act of Parliament.

• Currently it has given constitutional status under Article 338 B

• According to Article 338 B the Commission shall consist of a Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson

and three other Members and the conditions of service and tenure of office of the

Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson and other Members so appointed shall be such as the

President may by rule determine.

18. B. 2 only

• A person to be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court should have the following qualifications:

1. He should be a citizen of India. 2. (a) He should have been a judge of a High Court (or high courts

in succession) for five years; or (b) He should have been an advocate of a High Court (or High Courts

in succession) for ten years; or (c) He should be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the president.

From the above, it is clear that the Constitution has not prescribed a minimum age for appointment

as a judge of the Supreme Court.

• A judge of the Supreme Court can be removed from his Office by an order of the president. The

President can issue the removal order only after an address by Parliament has been presented to

him in the same session for such removal.

• The address must be supported by a special majority of each House of Parliament (ie, a majority of

the total membership of that House and a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of

that House present and voting). The grounds of removal are two—proved misbehaviour or

incapacity.

19. A. 1st November 1956.

20. C. 1963

21. D Neither 1 nor 2

a. The Battle of Colochel was fought between Tripapur Family (MarthandaVarma)

Elayadathuswaroopam, supported by the Dutch.

b. The Battle was fought on 10th August,1741 and the Tripapur family came victorious.

c. Even though the Dutch was lost in battle, it was not the end of Dutch in Kerala.

22. C Marthanda Varma

a. Both the state rituals of Murajapam and Bhadradeepam were instituted by King

MarthandaVarma.

b. The 56 day Murajapam ritual, performed in Sree Padmanabha Swami temple will culminate with

the Laksha-Deepam. The ritual is being held every six years, since 1750.

c. The 45th edition of Murajapam started in November, 2019.

23. C 3rd Anglo-Mysore War

a. The Battle of Nedumkotta (28December,1789) was fought between the forces of Mysore King

Tipu and forces of King of Travancore Dharma Raja.

b. The state of Travancore was supported by EIC and this eventually led to as the cause behind 3rd

Anglo-Mysore war, that was fought in 1790-1792.

24. B 2 only

a. During the Mysore interlude in Kerala, especially in Malabar, the regions were under their

administration .

b. After the fall of Tipu in 1799, all Malabar was brought under British EIC, except Wayanad.

c. Wayanad was under King Kerala VarmaPazhassi and British came to control over Malabar only

after his deafeat in 1805.

25. C Kuruchiyar revolt

a. After the fall of Pazhassi, EIC brought strict administration in Wayanad and the tribals especially

Kuruchiars and Kurumbars fought against the British policies. This revolt is called as the

Kuruchiar revolt (25th March,1812).

b. The motto was “VattathoppikkarePurathakkuka”.

c. But later the revolt was crushed by British under TH Baber.

26. Answer : C

a. Statement 3: It was Lord Curzon, as the first viceroy of India to visit the Darabar hall for the first

time.

b. November 1st week,2019- marked the 150th anniversary of main Secretariat building.

c. All other statements are correct.

27. Answer : D

a. All statements are correct regarding Khilafat and Non-Cooperation movements in Kerala.

28. Answer :B

a. Keezhariyur (Kozhikode District) Bomb case is linked with violent activities in kerala during Quit

India Movement.

b. The programme was led by Dr.KBMenon and they palnned to observe November 9 ,1942 as

sabotage day, pulling down government structures all over Malabar in one stroke with bombs

manufactured at Keezhariyur. But the plan was leaked out and the police arrested the

revolutionaries.

29. Answer: D

a. Malayali Memorial-1891

b. Ezhava Memorial -1896

c. Vaikom Satyagraha -1924

d. Electricity agitation -1936

30. Answer: B

a. After the formation of Tiru-Cochi State, there formed popular ministries, and the first one was

led by TK NarayanaPillai(1949-1951)

b. Other Ministers:

i. C Kesavan (Travancore) -1951-1952

ii. AJ John (Travancore) -1952-1954

iii. Pattom A ThanuPillai (Travancore) -1954-1955

iv. PanampillyGovindaMenon (Cochin) -1955-1956

31. Answer :C

32. Answer: D

a. By the end of 6th century BC, the northern parts of India was ruled by 4 Mahajanapadas; namely

Magadha, Kosala, Vatsa and Avanti.

b. Later all the regions of Northern India was annexed and ruled by the Magadha State and gave

birth to the Mauryan empire in 4th century BCE.

33. Answer: B

a. The Temple architecture in south India is referred as the Dravida style of architecture started by

the rulers of Kanchi, the Pallavas.

b. The 6th century AD architectural developments can be understood through different groups;

Mahendra Group, Narasimha Group, Rajasimha and Nandivarman group.

c. Rajasimha group- real structural development of temples started. Eg: Shore temple at

Mahabalipuram, Kailashnath temple at Kanchipuram.

d. The recent visit of PM NarendraModi and Chinese President Xi JinPing at Mamallapuram, is an

architectural contribution of the Pallavas.

34. Answer: D

a. Statement 1: Correct. In the sangam era, there is the presence of Buddhism and Jainism in

Kerala, believed to be came during the Mauryan times.

b. Statement 2: correct. The Jainism gets back to the Tirthankaras (Preachers), begins with

Rishabdeva, the first one date backs to Vedic times.

c. Statemnets 3: Incorrect. The doctrine of Anekandavada is of Jainsim, states that the ultimate

truth and reality is complex and has multiple aspects.

d. Statement 4: Correct. Triratnas are the basic principles of Jainism. Right knowledge, Right faith

and Right Conduct are the Triratnas(3 Jewels).

35. Answer: C

a. Futuhat-i-Firozshahi is written by the ruler Firuz shah Tughlaq itself.

b. Majma-ul-Bahrain (The Confluence of the Two Seas ) is a book on comparative religion

authored by DaraShikoh, the son of Shah Jahan.

Sites River Valley

Harappa Ravi

Mohenjodaro Sindhu

Ropar Satluj

Kalibangan Ghaggar

Kotdiji Sindhu

Lothal Bhogwa

Alamgirpur Hindan

c. Both other pairs are correctly matched.

36. Answer : A

a. Tutinama (Tales of a Parrot")is a Persian series work, and the Mughal King Akbar commissioned

miniature paintings on it.

b. Two Persian artists AbdusSamad and Mir Sayyid Ali completed the painting work.

c. This appears to be first work of Mughal school of painting.

37. Answer: B

a. The Mughal King Akbar wanted a peaceful society and brought the idea of Sulh-i-kul , meaning

‘universal peace’.

b. This idea of tolerance did not discriminate between people of different religions in his realm.

Instead it focused on a system of ethics – honesty, justice, peace – that was universally

applicable. AbulFazl helped Akbar in framing a vision of governance around this idea of sulh-i

kul. This principle of governance was followed by Jahangir and Shah Jahan as well (Source:

NCERT-Our Past II)

38. Answer: D

a. NalayiraDivyaprabandham is a collection of 4,000 Tamil verses, composed by 12

AlwarVaishnavites

b. Tevaram literature is a 10th century composition by Nayanars, supported by Raja RajaChola.

These are dedicated works of 3 Shaiva poets of 7th century;

Sambandar, Tirunavukkarasar(Appar) and Sundarar.

39. Ans: B

Anandamath is a Bengali novel, written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee and published in 1882. Set in the

background of the Sannyasi Rebellion in the late 18th century, it is considered one of the most important

novels in the history of Bengali and Indian literature. Its importance is heightened by the fact that it became

synonymous with the struggle for Indian independence from the British Empire. The novel was banned by the

British. The ban was lifted later by the Government of India after independence. The national song of India,

VandeMataram, was first published in this novel.

40. Ans: A

Munda Revolt For over three decades, the Mundasardars of Chhotanagpur had been struggling against the

destruction of their system of common land-holdings by the intrusion of jagirdars, thikadars (revenue farmers)

and traders-moneylenders. During the last decade of the nineteenth century, the Mundas rose under

BirsaMunda in a religious movement or rebellion ("ulgulan") with an agrarian and political content. They aimed

to establish a Munda rule in the land by killing thikadars, jagirdars, rajas and halcims. To bring about the

liberation, Birsa gathered a force of 6,000 Mundas armed with swords, spears, battle-axes, and bows and

arrows. Birsa was, however, captured in 1900 and he died in jail the same year.

41. Ans: B

Between 1765 and 1772, dual government was set up in Bengal. The company, which had got the right to

collect revenue or diwani rights, had the economic control whereas the Nawab had the political responsibility

of civil and criminal administration. In effect, the company got all the powers without any responsibility

whereas the Nawab got all the responsibilities without power.

This system, at the time, suited the EIC as it was a trading company and its motive was private profits rather

than governance. This dual government was annulled by the advent of Warren Hastings and the year 1773

paved the way for regulation of the company by the British Parliament through the Regulating Act of 1773.

42. Ans: A.

To protest against the draconian Rowlatt Act, Gandhi launched a satyagraha movement, popularly known as

Rowlatt Satyagraha. He told everyone that it would be a non-violent protest and requested people to maintain

peace at all costs, or there would be severe repression by the government and the movement will fail.

However, things started to spiral out of control after the JallianwalahBagh massacre. Infuriated by the police

firing on peaceful protestors, which caused more than 400 deaths, people started to act violently against the

government. There were violent outbreaks of arsony and riots. Government officials were attacked and

government buildings were vandalized.

The government came down with a heavy hand to crush the movement. Hundreds of protestors were arrested

and tortured in jails.

Seeing that a peaceful mass movement is taking a wrong turn, and fearing that the government might further

escalate it's repression, Gandhi called-off the Rowlatt Satyagraha and called it a Himalayan blunder.

43. Ans: A.

Battle of Wandiwash.

The Seven Year’s War broke out in Europe and once again England and France were pitted against one

another.After the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the British forces wrested Chandannagar (in Bengal) from the

French.The French, under Count de Lally, captured Fort St. George and attacked the English to acquire

Madras.But he was defeated by English forces under Sir Eyre Coote in the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760.The

French lost their Indian possessions including Pondicherry, Mahe, Gingee and Karaikal to the British. The war

ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763.

44. Ans: D.

Landlords or Zamindars were recognised as the owners of the land. They were given hereditary rights of

succession of the lands under them. The Zamindars could sell or transfer the land as they wished.

TheZamindars’ proprietorship would stay as long as he paid the fixed revenue at the said date to the

government. If they failed to pay, their rights would cease to exist and the land would be auctioned off.The

fixed amount was 10/11th portion of the revenue for the government and 1/11th was for the Zamindar.

45. Ans: C

JamiaMiliaIslamia – Aligarh – 1920 – during Khilafat and NCM

Founders = Shaikhul Hind Maulana Mahmud Hasan, Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, Janab Hakim Ajmal Khan,

Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari, Janab Abdul MajeedKhwaja, and Dr. ZakirHussain

KasiVidyapith – Varanasi - 1921- During NCM

Founders = Babushiv Prasad Gupt and Bhagwan Das

Banaras Hindu university– formerly Central Hindu university- Varanasi- 1916

Founder = Madan Mohan malaviya

SavitribhaiPhule Pune university – 1949

46.Ans: B

Indian national social conference was founded by M G Ranade and RaghunathRao.It focused attention on the

social issues of importance; it could be called the social reform cell of the Indian national congress,in fact. It

launched Pledge movement to inspire people to take a pledge against Child marriage.

47. Ans: B

48. Ans: C

The subsidiary alliance in India was planned by Lord Wellesley .An Indian ruler entering into Subsidiary Alliance

with the British had to dissolve his own armed forces and accept British forces in his territory.He also had to

pay for the British army’s maintenance.If he failed to make the payment, a portion of his territory would be

taken away and ceded to the British.A British Resident was also stationed in the Indian Court.The Indian state

could not enter into any alliance with any other foreign power.

49. Ans: D

The Swadeshi Movement had its genesis, in the anti-partition movement which was started to oppose the

British decision to partition Bengal. The militant nationalists led by Tilak, LajpatRai, Bipin Chandra Pal and

Aurobindo Ghosh wanted the movement to be taken outside Bengal to other parts of the country and go

beyond a boycott of foreign goods to become a full-fledged political mass struggle with the goal of attaining

swaraj. But the Moderates, dominating the Congress at that time, were not willing to go that far.The Extremist

emboldened by DadabhaiNaoroji’s declaration gave a call for passive resistance in addition to swadeshi and

boycott of foreign goods in 1906.By 1908, the open phase (as different from the underground revolutionary

phase) of the movement was almost over .

50. Ans: C

The Interim Government was formed as a transition government between an imperial structure and a

democratic structure.

Members of Interim Government

Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Vice President of the Executive Council, External Affairs and

Commonwealth Relations

Vallabhbhai Patel Home, Information and Broadcasting

Baldev Singh Defence

Dr. John Mithai Industries and supplies

C. Rajagopalachari Education

C.H Bhabha Works, Mines and Power

Rajendra Prasad Food and Agriculture

Asaf Ali Railways

Jagjivan Ram Labour

Liaqat Ali Finance

TT Chundrigar Commerce

AbdurRabNistar Communication

Gazanfar Ali khan Health

JogendraNathMandal Law

51. Ans: D

• Salaries and pensions paid to the Company's employees in England.

• Salaries and pensions paid to the British civilian and military personnel posted in India

• Interest amount on loans raised by the Company in England.

• Dividends paid to the Company's stockholders.

• Store purchases made in England by the Secretary of State on behalf of Government of India for the

civilian and military departmental needs.

52. Ans: A

53. Ans: D

Linlithgow announced the August Offer (August 1940) which proposed:

• Dominion status as the objective for India;

• Expansion of viceroy’s executive council which would have a majority of Indians

(who would be drawn from major political parties);

• Setting up of a constituent assembly after the war where mainly Indians would

decide the constitution according to their social, economic and political conceptions,

subject to fulfillment of the obligation of the government regarding defense, minority

rights, treaties with States, all India services; and

• No future constitution to be adopted without the consent of minorities.

54. c

Phobos – Moon of Mars

Ganymede – Moon of Jupiter (Largest Moon)

Bennu- Asteroid

Ceres – Dwarf Planet

55. b

Sun and all of the planets and other bodies in the Solar System orbit about the centre of mass of the Solar

System. This is called the Solar Centre Barycentre.

56. b

IST – 82.5°

Longitudinal distance 90° from India- 90+82.5=172.5

Change in 1° longitude = 4min

Time @90° = 10am – (172.5*4)min = 10.30pm Sunday

57. a

Conditions favorable for the formation of frost

1. Clear sky

2. Long night

3. Calm Atmosphere

4. Dew point temperature below freezing point

58. c

The Sargasso sea lies within the North Atlantic ocean, surrounded by four currents that form an ocean gyre. For

the uninitiated, an ocean gyre is a huge system of circulating ocean currents that are formed due to global wind

patterns and the effects of Earth's rotation (Corioliseffect).

59. b

A semiarid region of north-central Africa south of the Sahara Desert. Since the 1960s it has been afflicted by

prolonged periods of extensive drought.

60. a

Core is made up of heavy metaks like Ni, fe. Liquid outer state and earth’s rotation are the reason for the

formation of Earth’s magnetic field

61. b

1. Dhupgarh- Satpura Hills

2. Saramathi Peak - Naga Hills

62. b

Satluj – Longest tributary of Indus

Chenab – Largest tributary of Indus

63. a

During SW monsoon south eastern part of India, ie Tamil nadu region remains dry. Here it is important to know

why the Tamil Nadu coast remains dry during this season.

There are two factors responsible for it:

(i) The Tamil Nadu coast is situated parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch of southwest monsoon.

(ii) It lies in the rainshadow area of the Arabian Sea branch of the south-west monsoon.

64. c

Growing crop and raising cattle together

65. c

66. a

Vegetation varies from tropical to alpinealong the height since the temperature decreases as we climbs the

mountain. Rainfall is maximum along the eastern Himalayas. Evergreen forest are more on easternHimalayas

since NE Himalayas receives more than 200cm annual rainfall.

67. d

68. d

At Parli both Kannadippuzha and Kalpathippuza merge and flow as Bharathapuzha and follows a westerly course

until it empties into the Arabian Sea at Ponnani. Thootha River merges with Nila at Pallippuram. As Thoothariver

is rich in water, after its merger, Nila becomes thicker in flow.

69. c

Land breeze and sea breeze along with valley and mountain breezes have played asignificant role in determining

the climate ofthe state of Kerala. Annual range of temperature increases fromwest to east across the state as we

moves away from the coast.

70. d

The Shola vegetation are tropical montane forests found in the Western Ghats separated by rolling grasslands in

high altitudes.

71. a

72. b

Poonthalpadams- Lowlands of Chittoortaluk in Palakkad District

Slushy soils with poor workability. A bed of limestone is seen beneath the slushy layer. Near neutral in reaction,

medium in organic matter and deficient in boron base rich fertile clayey soils and imperfectly drained. The

physical properties like plasticity, cohesion, expansion and shrinkage are similar to those of the regular soils of

the Deccan

73. c

Kerala’s child sex ratio isunfavorable to girl child - 959

Population density of Kerala – 860 persons/sq.km

Kerala has the highest sex ratioamong the Indian states– 1068

73. D

74. B

75. B

76. D

77. D

78. D

79. B

80. A

81. D

82. A

83. D

84. A

85. C

86. C

87. B

88. B

89. B

90. D

91. B

Ashtapadi are Indian hymns where the music has eight lines (steps) within each composition. Each ashtapadi

song is set in a special raga (an Indian musical mode) and tala. It is a rhyme of eternal love and supreme

devotion. Gita Govinda was composed in the 12th century by Indian poet Jayadeva from KenduliSasan, a village

near the famous temple city of Puri in Sanskrit language. Gita Govindam is a lyrical poetry in twelve chapters,

sub-divided into twenty four divisions called Prabandha. The Prabandhas contain couplets grouped into eights,

called ashtapadis. The literal meaning of “ashtapadi” is “eight steps.” The songs in Gita Govinda symbolize the

eternal love of Lord Krishna and his beloved Radha. Jayadeva’s Gita Govindam, also known as KaviPrabandham.

92. C

93. C

The ancient triumvirate poets (Prachinakavithrayam) of Malayalam poetry are Ezhuthachan,

CherusseriNamboothiri and KunchanNambiar. The modern triumvirate poets (Adhhunikakavithrayam) of

malayalam poetry are N. KumaranAshan, VallatholNarayanaMenon and Ulloor S. ParameswaraIyer.

94. D

Hortus Malabaricus is the oldest important printed book on Indian medicinal plants. The 1st of its 12 volumes

was published in 1678 from Amsterdam this book, written by H.A. Van Rheede is perhaps the only authentic

record of the ethnoiatrical knowledge of ancient Malabar, available to us today. Several hundred medicinal

plants which were successful used by the Ayurvedicphysiclans of 17th century are described in this, along with

their medicinal powers and methods of application. The identity of many of the plants described has not yet

been accurately established, which would be of considerable interest to ayurveda.

95. B

Chandragiri Fort is a fort built in the 17th century, situated in Kasaragod District of Kerala, South India. The fort

has an eventful history. In earlier days, the river was considered to be the border of two powerful kingdoms -

Kolathunadu and Thulunadu. When Thulunadu was captured by the Vijayanagara Empire, the Kolathunadu kings

lost the Chandragiri region to them. During the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire, the area was

administratively looked after by the KeladiNayakas of Ikkeri. When the Vijayanagara Empire fell in the 16th

century, VengappaNayaka declared independence. Later ShivappaNayaka took over the reins. He built a chain of

forts of which Chandragiri is part.

96. C

97. B

98. C

99. A

100. B

The Risorgimento was an ideological and literary movement that helped to arouse the national consciousness of

the Italian people, and it led to a series of political events that freed the Italian states from foreign domination

and united them politically.