Terms & Digestion
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Transcript of Terms & Digestion
Terms & Digestion
Food and NutritionSpring 2011
The Digestive System
Digestion: Process the body uses to break food into nutrients
Absorption: process by which nutrients get from the digestive tract into transportation system that
carries them to cells throughout the body
Food is broken down in the digestive tract or Alimentary Canal
7 Parts of the Digestive Tract
1. Mouth2. Esophagus3. Stomach
4. Small Intestine5. Large Intestine
6. Rectum7. Anus
Mouth
Sight, smell and taste of food stimulate the flow of a liquid called saliva.
Saliva’s job is to soften and moisten food.Swallowing is an involuntary reflex.
Esophagus
The tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
Muscle contractions called peristalsis carry food along to
it’s next location.
Stomach
Churns and breaks down your meal and mixes it with gastric
juices.
The food now becomes a thin,
soupy mixture called chyme
Small IntestineDigestion ends here. This tube is 20 feet long
and is divided into 3 sections1. Duodenum2. Jejunum3. Ileum
Villi: hair like projections that increase the surface of the intestinal wall
The food has now been digested. It will now be absorbed by the blood stream.
Wastes will pass to the large intestine and later be eliminated.
Large IntestineThere are four sections:
1. Ascending Colon – goes up2. Transverse Colon – goes across3. Descending Colon – goes down
4. Sigmoid Colon – the “S” shaped partIts function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food
matter, and then to pass useless waste material from the body.
Rectum & Anus
Last Part of the Digestive System.Waste is eliminated through here.
Nutrition Terms
• RDA• Digestion• Nutrients• Fortified Foods• Nutrition• Dietary Supplements• Cholesterol
• Dehydration• Dietary Fiber• Complex
Carbohydrates• Calorie• Enriched Foods• Basal Metabolic Rate
Nutrition
The science of turning food into fuel for the
body
Nutrients
Provide materials for building and maintenance of body tissue, and regulate body processes.
6 Main NutrientsCarbohydrates
MineralsFat
VitaminsProteinWater
Organic Nutrients – any substance that contains carbon
Carbs – Minerals – Fat – Protein
Inorganic Nutrients – any substance that does not contain
carbonVitamins - Water
Energy
We get energy from 3 of the 4 organic nutrients1. Fats
2. Carbohydrates3. Protein
These Nutrients give us “fuel for our body!”
CaloriesA unit of energy is called a
CALORIE (kcal).An egg has 85 (kcals) calories
1 gm of Carbohydrate = 4 kcal
1 gm of protein = 4 kcal1 gm of fat = 9 kcal
RDA
The Recommended Dietary Allowance recommends that our diets have:
58% Carbohydrate – 30% Fat – 12% Protein
Carbohydrates
• Organic Nutrient• Body’s main source of energy• Provides fiber for digestion and elimination• Best Sources: bread, cereals, chips, fruits,
potatoes, rice, sweets and sugar
Proteins• Organic Nutrient• Body uses it to build and
repair tissue• Helps regulate body
processes• Helps make antibodies to
fight disease• Best Sources: Milk,
Cheese, Eggs, Poultry, Fish, Meat, Nuts, and Legumes
Fats
• Organic Nutrient• Carry fat-soluble vitamins
through the body• Some supply essential
fatty acids for normal growth and skin health
• Best sources: butter, margarine, lard, vegetable oil, and vegetable shortening
Vitamins
• Inorganic Nutrient• Each vitamin has it’s
special function.• They do not provide
energy or build body tissue, but they help regulate these processes
• Best Sources: Different in all foods
Minerals
• Organic Nutrient• Help regulate body
processes• Best Sources: different
in all foods
Water
• Inorganic Nutrients• Carries nutrients to the
body cells and carries waste products away
• Helps keep the body cool
• Best Sources: water