6.1: Digestion & absorption Why digest?. Define these terms IngestionEat the food DigestionChemical...
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Transcript of 6.1: Digestion & absorption Why digest?. Define these terms IngestionEat the food DigestionChemical...
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6.1: Digestion & absorptionWhy digest?
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Define these terms
Ingestion Eat the foodDigestion Chemical reactions
breaking down the food
Absorption Small molecules passing into blood/lymphatic vessels
Transport Circulatory system delivering absorbed molecules
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What are molecules made of?
Protein
LIPIDS
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Poly, di or monosaccharides monosaccharides
Triglycerides glycerol & fatty acids
Protein amino acids
DNA, RNA nucleotides
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What is this?
Amino acid!
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Mono, Di or Poly?
Maltose
Disaccharide
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What is this?
Saturated fatty acid
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Mono, Di or Poly?
Glycogen
Polysaccharide
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What is this?
Ribose
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What is this? Unsaturated
fatty acid
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Mono, Di or Poly?
Fructose
Monosaccharide
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Glucose
What is this?
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How are molecules broken down?
Salivary enzymes
Pepsin (protease)
Pancreatic lipase
Source Salivary glands Stomach cells Pancreas cellsSubstrate Amylose
(starch)Proteins (polypeptides)
lipids
Products Maltose, glucose
Amino acids Glycerol & fatty acids
Optimum pH 7 3 7
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Digestive System aka alimentary canal
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Page 280 (154 in the old book) – draw and annotate a diagram of
the human digestive system.
You will be expected to draw this from memory!
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Pancreas- Secretes enzymes into the S.I- Contains two gland tissues types
- Hormone secretions- Enzyme secretions
- Digestive enzymes synthesized in pancreatic gland cells on ribosomes (rER) then processed by the Golgi apparatus and excreted by exocytosis.
- Pancreatic juice contains:- Amylase- Lipases- Proteases
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Small intestine- Duodenum is the first part. Food stuff mixed
with bile (from liver/gall bladder) and trypsin (protease), lipase, amylase and bicarbonate (from pancreas)
- Most molecules absorbed through capillary bed expect fatty acids (absorbed into lacteal)
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Tissue layers in transverse section of the small intestines, as seen with an electron microscope. (also on pg. 281 fig. 2)
It would be a good idea to be able to draw and label this diagram.
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Enzymes in the small intestines
Enzyme Substrate ProductAmylase Starch MaltoseLipase Triglycerides Fatty acids &
glycerol or fatty acids & monoglycerides
Phospholipase Phospholipids Fatty acids, glycerol & phosphate
Protease Proteins & polypeptides
Shorter peptides
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Immobilized enzymes
Enzyme Substrate ProductNucleases DNA, RNA NucleotidesMaltase Maltose GlucoseLactase Lactose Glucose &
galactose
Sucrase Sucrose Glucose & fructoseExopeptidases Peptides Remove single
amino acid at a time until a dipeptide remains
Dipeptidases Dipeptides Amino acids
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In summary….
Small intestine is able to absorb a wide range of substances including:
Glucose, fructose, galactose, the twenty amino acids, fatty acids, monoglycerides, glycerol, nucleotides, mineral ions (Ca, K, Na) and vitamins (vitamin C aka ascorbic acid)
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6. 1: Methods of absorption HWK sheet