Temperature and Heat

Kinetic theory of matter

• What is Kinetic Energy?• The energy of motion.• What is Matter?• The combination of particles in a substance

(matter has mass). • What is the “Kinetic theory of matter?”• The amount of energy of motion (kinetic

energy) present in a substance.

Solid liquid gas

Increasing Energy

Kinetic Energy of a gas 2,000,000,000,000 slower than is

actual is….

Kinetic energy of a molecule

Temperature

• Temperature is a measurement of increasing kinetic energy.– Smoothie vs. Hot Cocoa– Rub your hands together

Degrees

• We measure temperature in various ways.• Fahrenheit – used in only a small part of the

world. A scale created to place the freezing point of water 180 degrees away from each other.

• Celsius –used by the majority of the world. Water freezes at 0 and boils at 100.

• Kelvin – Changes the Celsius scale and places 0 as what is commonly called “absolute zero”. -273.15 Celsius.

Measuring temperature

• What instrument do we use to measure temperature?

• A Thermometer.• Notice “Thermo” is related to Thermal Energy

Thermal Expansion

• Gases,liquids and solids expand when they are heated.

Heat

• Flow of energy from an object with high temperature to an object with a low temperature.

Specific Heat

• The amount of energy a substance absorbs to increase its temperature.

• Every substance has a “specific” amount of energy needed.

Energy can move by...

– CONDUCTION

• This is the process that moves energy from one object to another when they are touching physically.

• When touching, particles from the object with more kinetic energy will transfer to the object with less kinetic energy.

CONDUCTION

ENERGY CAN MOVE BY...

• CONDUCTORS

– MATERIALS THAT TRANSFER ENERGY EASILY.

CONDUCTOR

ENERGY CAN BE CONTROLLED BY...

• INSULATORS

– OBJECTS THAT ARE POOR CONDUCTORS OF HEAT.

– HAVE HIGH SPECIFIC HEATS

– KEEP COOL SUBSTANCES COOL AND HOT SUBSTANCES HOT

INSULATORS

INSULATORS