TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

BUILDING OPERATION SYSTEMS

SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION

APPLICATIONS


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION

APPLICATIONS

AUDIO: PUBLIC ADDRESS, INTERCOM, MUSIC, RADIO, ETC.

VIDEO: TV, CATV, MATV SATV, ETC.

TELEPHONE: PUBLIC BRANCH EXCHANGES, CENTREX, FAX, ETC.

DATA: MODEM, LOCAL AREA NETWORK, WIDE-AREA NETWORK, ETC.

SIGNALS: TIME PROGRAM, SIGNALS, ETC.

MULTIMEDIA: COMBINATION OF AUDIO/VIDEO/TELEPHONE AND DATA, SUCH AS VIDEO CONFERENCING AND DISTANCE LEARNING SYSTEMS.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION

APPLICATIONS

SAFETY: FIRE ALARM, SPRINKLER ALARM, EMERGENCY EVACUATION, ETC.

SECURITY: ACCESS CONTROL, CCTV INTRUSION DETECTION, ETC.

AUTOMATION: BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEMS.

SPECIALTY: SOUND MASKING AND SYSTEMS FOR SPECIAL BUILDING OCCUPANCIES SUCH AS HOSPITALS, DEFENSE, RETAIL STORES, FOOD SERVICE AND THEATRICAL.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION

APPLICATIONS


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION

APPLICATIONS

1. PASSIVE INFRARED DETECTOR.

2. HIGH-SENSITIVITY MULTIZONE PASSIVE IR DETECTOR.

3. ULTRASONIC DETECTOR

4. HIGH-SENSITIVITY ULTRASONIC DETECTOR

5. BUTTON-TYPE ULTRASONIC DETECTOR

6. SYSTEM CONTROL PANEL




INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTIONCONTACT DEVICES

MECHANICAL MOTION DETECTORS

PHOTOELECTRIC DEVICES

PIR DETECTORS

MOTION DETECTORS

ACOUSTIC DETECTORS

APPLICATIONS

NORMALLY OPEN (N0) CONTACT DEVICES


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS




PIR DETECTORS

MOTION DETECTORS

ACOUSTIC DETECTORS

APPLICATIONS

SWITCH MATS:

CONTACT IS MADE AS A RESULT OF PRESSURE ON THE MAT DUE TO AN INTRUDER’S WEIGHT.

EASILY CIRCUMVENTED.

RESTRICTS FREE MOVEMENT.

SET OF BY SMALL ANIMALS

NORMALLY OPEN (N0) CONTACT DEVICES


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS




PIR DETECTORS

MOTION DETECTORS

ACOUSTIC DETECTORS

APPLICATIONS

NORMALLY CLOSED (NC) CONTACT DEVICES:

MAGNETIC CONTACTS FOR DOORS & WINDOWS.

SPRING BADED PLUNGER CONTACTS FOR DOORS & WINDOWS.

WINDOW FOIL.

TRIP WIRES.

EVALUATION: NOT EASILY DEFEATED , BUT RESTRICTED USE OF PROTECTED OPENING.

NORMALLY CLOSED (NC) CONTACT DEVICES


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS




PIR DETECTORS

MOTION DETECTORS

ACOUSTIC DETECTORS

APPLICATIONS

NORMALLY CLOSED (NC) CONTACT DEVICES


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS




PIR DETECTORS

MOTION DETECTORS

ACOUSTIC DETECTORS

APPLICATIONS

DESCRIPTION:SPRING MOUNTED CONTACT SUSPENDED INSIDE A SECOND CONTACT SURFACE.

ANY MOTION WILL CAUSE CONTACTS TO MAKE CONTACT, TURNING IN AN ALARM.

EVALUATION: VERY SENSITIVE .

CAN BE ACTIVATED BY SONIC BOOMS, WIND & EVEN A HEAVY TRUCK PASSING BY.

DOES ALLOW SENSITIVITY ADJUSTMENT.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS




PIR DETECTORS

MOTION DETECTORS

ACOUSTIC DETECTORS

APPLICATIONS

DESCRIPTION:

INTERRUPTION OF THE BEAM CAUSES THE CONTACT TO OPEN, SETTING OFF THE ALARM.

EVALUATION: BEAM CAN BE VISIBLE IN DUSTY EXTERIOR ENVIRONMENT.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS




PIR DETECTORS

MOTION DETECTORS

ACOUSTIC DETECTORS

APPLICATIONS

PASSIVE INFRARED “PRESENCE” DETECTORS

DESCRIPTION:

OPERATES ON THE PRINCIPLE THAT ALL OBJECTS EMIT IR RADIATION.

AN AREA THAT IS UNDISTURBED CHANGES VERY SLOWLY, ANY RAPID CHANGE INDICATES AN OBJECT ENTERING THE AREA.

PIR SENSORS USE LENS OR MIRRORS TO MEASURE THE IR ENERGY IN A CONICAL BEAM OF COVERAGE CALLED A ZONE.

EVALUATION: A COLD BREEZE OR A HEATER CAN CAUSE A FALSE ALARM.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS




PIR DETECTORS

MOTION DETECTORS

ACOUSTIC DETECTORS

APPLICATIONS

DESCRIPTION:

OPERATES AT MICROWAVE OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCIES & MEASURES RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN THE SOURCE AND THE MOVING BODY.

EVALUATION:

INTRUDER MOVING LATERALLY MAY GO UNDETECTED.

ULTRASONIC WAVES CAN BE DISTURBED BY STRONG AIR TURBULENCE & LOUD NOISES.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS




PIR DETECTORS

MOTION DETECTORS

ACOUSTIC DETECTORS

APPLICATIONS

DESCRIPTION:

AN ALARM IS TRIGGERED WHEN THE NOISE LEVEL EXCEEDS A PRESET MAXIMUM.

AN ALARM CAN ALSO BE SET TO BE TRIGGERED BY A PARTICULAR FREQUENCY, SUCH AS THE SOUND OF BREAKING GLASS.

EVALUATION:

BALANCE BETWEEN SENSITIVITY & FALSE ALARMS.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION

APPLICATIONSRESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS

MULTIPLE-DWELLING SYSTEMS

HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS

INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

RESIDENTIAL INTRUSION ALARM SYSTEM:

RESIDENCES NORMALLY UTILIZE DOOR AND WINDOW MAGNETIC SWITCHES.

PIR AND/OR MOTION DETECTORS.

MANUAL SWITCH AT THE END OF A LONG CORD- ALARM IF AN INTRUDER IS HEARD.

SIGNAL: CENTRAL STATION OF COMPANIES WHOSE BUSINESS IS SUPERVISION & WHO WILL EITHER RESPOND DIRECTLY TO AN ALARM CALL OR NOTIFY LOCAL POLICE OF ANY ILLEGAL ENTRY.

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS:

RESIDENTIAL TELEVISION ANTENNA SYSTEMS & CABLE SYSTEMS DISTRIBUTED TO WALL OUTLETS.

RESIDENTIAL INTERCOM SYSTEM.

RESIDENTIAL TELEPHONE SYSTEMS.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS

RESIDENTIAL INTERCOM SYSTEMS:

COMPONENTS: ONE OR MORE MASTERS & SEVERAL REMOTE STATIONS, ONE OF WHICH MONITORS THE FRONT DOOR.

CLOSED-CIRCUIT TV SYSTEM CAN BE ADDED ALLOWING VISUAL IDENTIFICATION AT ENTRANCES.

MASTER STATIONS ALLOW SELECTIVE CALLING, WHEREAS REMOTE STATIONS OPERATING THROUGH THE MASTERS ARE NON-SELECTIVE.

REMOTE BABY-SITTING.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS



INTERCOM & SECURITY SYSTEMS:

COMBINES THE FUNCTIONS OF THE INTRUSION ALARM & DOORBELL WITH LOBBY-TO-APARTMENT COMMUNICATION SYSTEM.

CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION (7-10% INCREASE IN ELECTRICAL CONTRACT).

EMERGENCY CALL BUTTONS WITHIN THE APARTMENT.

EMERGENCY CALL SYSTEM FOR ELDERLY & HANDICAPPED.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS



TELEPHONE SYSTEMS:

TELEPHONE SERVICE NORMALLY FOLLOWS THE SAME ENTRANCE PATH & METHOD OF ENTRANCE AS THE ELECTRIC POWER SERVICE.

SAME TRENCH, BUT DIFFERENT RACEWAYS.

IN SMALL BUILDINGS (2-3 STORIES) A CLEAR WALL SPACE OF 2’ TO 4’ IS REQUIRED FOR SERVICE ENTRANCE.

IN VERY LARGE BUILDINGS A TERMINAL ROOM IS REQUIRED.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


SECURITY:

ROOM ACCESS SECURITY IS ACHIEVED THROUGH ELECTRONIC ROOM LOCKS WHOSE OPENING DEVICE CODE IS CHANGED WITH EVERY NEW GUEST.

THEFT SECURITY SYSTEM THAT MONITORS THE CONNECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND ALARMS VIA A POWER LINE CARRIER SIGNAL WHEN THE EQUIPMENT IS UNPLUGGED OR THE POWER LINE IS CUT.

HOTELS & MOTELS


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


HOTELS & MOTELS


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


BUSINESS TELEPHONE & DATA SYSTEM REQUIRE SPACE FOR CABLE DISTRIBUTION.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


SECURITY SYSTEMS:

SENSING DEVICES ON DOORS AND WINDOWS CAN BE ARRANGED BOTH TO TRIP LOCAL ALARM DEVICES AND, VIA AUXILIARY CIRCUITS, TO NOTIFY POLICE.

PERIMETER ALARM DETECTION SYSTEM IS SOMETIMES INSTALLED PARTICULARLY IN VANDALISM-PRONE AREAS.

ALARMING-TYPE DOOR CONTROL DEVICES WHICH PERMIT DOORS TO BE OPENED FROM ONE SIDE ONLY, WITH IMMEDIATE ALARM.

SCHOOLS


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


SCHOOL CLOCK & PROGRAM SYSTEMS:

PROVIDES TIMING FOR ALL PROGRAMMABLE SWITCHES, CLOCKS & AUDIBLE DEVICES.

SCHOOL INTERCOM &/OR SOUND SYSTEM:

PAGING SYSTEM.

INTEGRATED SOUND-PAGING-RADIO SYSTEM.

DISTRIBUTES RECORDED MATERIALS.

BROADCAST OF AM/FM PROGRAMS.

LIVE SOUND.

SCHOOLS


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


SCHOOL ELECTRONIC TEACHING EQUIPMENT:

PASSIVE-MODE USAGE: RECORDED MATERIAL, AUDIO-VIDEO.

INTERACTIVE MODE: TEACHING TERMINAL.

ADEQUATE ELECTRIC POWER, CABLE RACEWAY, LIGHTING & HVAC PROVISIONS.

SCHOOLS


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


SECURITY:

MANUAL WATCHMAN’S TOUR INSURES THAT SURVEILLANCE OF UNOCCUPIED AREAS IS CONDUCTED ON SOME REGULAR BASIS.

INTRUSION ALARM SYSTEMS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONS:

INTRA OFFICE COMMUNICATION

DATA COMMUNICATION

OUTSIDE COMMUNICATION

PAGING


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


OFFICE BUILDINGS

SPACE PLANNING:

SERVICE ENTRANCE

TWO 4” TO 5” CONDUITS EXTENDED FROM THE EXTERIOR SERVICE CONNECTION TO THE BASEMENT OR GROUND FLOOR.

INSIDE TELEPHONE CABLES TERMINATE IN A WALL BOX, OR TERMINAL EQUIPMENT ROOM.

RISER SHAFTS:

ACCEPT THE CABLES EXTENDING BEYOND THE EQUIPMENT ROOM & CARRY THEM VERTICALLY THROUGH THE BUILDING.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


OFFICE BUILDINGS

SPACE PLANNING:

TELEPHONE EQUIPMENT CABINET:

CABLES ARE INTERCONNECTED TO SWITCHING & POWER EQUIPMENT.

CABLES RADIATE FROM THE CLOSET TO STATION LOCATIONS THROUGHOUT THE FLOOR AREA.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


OFFICE BUILDINGS

TYPES OF TELEPHONE SERVICES:

PBX SYSTEM:

PRIVATE BRANCH EXCHANGE.

A PRIVATE TELEPHONE SYSTEM THAT USUALLY INTERCONNECTS WITH PUBLIC TELEPHONE SYSTEMS TO SERVE A BUSINESS OR AN ORGANIZATION.

IT CAN ALSO PROVIDE ACCESS TO A COMPUTER FROM A DATA TERMINAL.

CENTREX:

BUSINESS TELEPHONE SERVICE OFFERED BY THE LOCAL TELEPHONE COMPANY.

SINGLE –LINE SERVICE WITH SPECIAL FEATURES, SUCH AS INTERCOM, CALL FORWARDING, CALL TRANSFER, AND LEAST-COST ROUTING.

ADVANTAGES: LOWER INITIAL COSTS, EQUIPMENT SPACE REQUIREMENTS, & LOWER MAINTENANCE THAN PBX.

DISADVANTAGES: SPECIAL FEATURE ARE LIMITED AND CENTREX IS NOT AVAILABLE IN MANY AREAS.

FACSIMILE (FAX)


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


OFFICE BUILDINGS

BAS:CENTRAL STATION EQUIPPED WITH COMPUTERS THAT MONITOR & CONTROL BUILDING SYSTEMS.

HVAC, ENERGY MANAGEMENT & LIGHTING CONTROL ARE SUBSYSTEMS ALMOST ALWAYS INCLUDED.

SECURITY, LIFE SAFETY, MATERIAL HANDLING & SOME ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION CAN ALSO BE INCLUDED.

ALLOW SAVINGS IN OPERATING & MAINTENANCE COSTS.

BAS LOCATION REQUIRES GOOD LIGHTING, VENTILATION AND EXTENSIVE RACEWAY SPACE BUT LITTLE FLOOR AREA.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


OFFICE BUILDINGS

TWISTED PAIRS:

MOST COMMONLY USED.

CONSISTS OF INSULATED WIRES, GENERALLY COPPER, TWISTED AROUND EACH OTHER.

THE LENGTH OF THE TWIST (THE LAY) IS SELECTED TO REDUCE INTERFERENCE FROM EXTERNAL ELECTRICAL & MAGNETIC FIELDS.

USED FOR VOICE COMMUNICATIONS (TELEPHONE & PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS), CONTROL SYSTEMS (FIRE ALARM, ETC) BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS & SHORT-HAUL COMPUTER COMMUNICATION.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


OFFICE BUILDINGS

COAXIAL CABLE

CONSISTS OF TWO CONCENTRIC CONDUCTORS SHARING THE SAME AXIS, SEPARATED BY AN INSULATING MATERIAL & SURROUNDED BY AN OVERALL PROTECTIVE JACKET.

THE CENTER CONDUCTOR IS ALMOST ALWAYS SOLID WIRE, WHILE THE OUTER CONDUCTOR IS BRAIDED OR METALIZED TAPE.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS


OFFICE BUILDINGS

FIBER OPTICS:

TECHNOLOGY THAT USES LIGHT TO TRANSMIT INFORMATION OR DATA.

THE TRANSMITTING MEDIUM IS CONSTRUCTED OF THIN FILAMENTS OF GLASS THROUGH WHICH LIGHT BEAMS ARE TRANSMITTED.

USED FOR VERY HEAVY DATA TRANSMISSION LOADS.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS



SECURITY:

DOOR & EXITS CONTROLS:

SUPERVISED BY ELECTRIFIED SECURITY HARDWARE.

ALARM TRIGGERED WHEN DOOR OPENED WITHOUT AUTHORIZATION.

PERSONAL ENTRY CONTROL:

CARD READER.

CARD & CODE.

VOICE PRINTS.

HAND GEOMETRY.

RETINAL SCANS.

WATCHMAN’S TOUR

INTRUSION SECURITY

PERIMETER DETECTION & ALARM.

SECURITY LIGHTING.


INTRODUCTION



SYMBOLS

INTRUSION DETECTION



HOTELS & MOTELS

SCHOOLS

OFFICE BUILDINGS



VISUAL/AUDIO VISUAL PAGING:

FLASHING LIGHTS.BUZZER OR BELL.

OVERRIDE AMBIENT NOISE LEVELS.

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

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