(a) Based on table 1.1, draw a graph of the volume of hydrogen gas against time. Berdasarkan Jadual 1.1 lukis graf isipadu gas hydrogen melawan masa.

[3 marks]

Question Marking Criteria Mark

2(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

1.4 ± 0.1

Able to relate manipulated variable and responding variable correctlyThe further the distance of the object, the smaller the size of the image.Semakin jauh jarak objek, semakin kecil saiz imej

1. Any value less than 0.7 cm2. Becomes smaller // smaller than // smaller (Semakin kecil)

2 characteristics :1. Real ( Sahih)2. Inverted // Inverse (terbalik / Songsang / tertonggeng)3. Diminished // Smaller (lebih kecil )

[Mana-mana dua]

1

1

1

2

JUMLAH 5

Question Marking Criteria Mark

3(a)(i)

(ii)

(b)(i)

(ii)

(c)

Able to state the manipulated variable correctly pH value // acid, alkali, distilled water // mixture or contents in P, Q and R.

Able to state the constant variable correctly1. Type / volume of Bacteria culture (Jenis kultur bacteria)2. Volume of substance / solution (Isipadu dlm tabung uji)3. Nutrient broth (bubur nutrient)4. Temperature // time

Able to state the best condition for bacterial growth correctly1. Neutral // pH 7 // distilled water // (Test tube ) R

Able to state the inference correctly1. The most suitable condition for bacterial growth is

neutral condition / pH 7 Keadaan paling sesuai bagi pertumbuhan bacteria ialah pada keadaan neutral / pH 7

2. Acidic / Alkaline condition / pH 7 / pH 7 is not ˂ ˃ suitable for bacterial growth Pertumbuhan bacteria ialah proses yang menyebabkan bubur nutrient menjadi kurang keruh pada pH 7 / pH 7˂ ˃

3. Bacteria growth increase in neutral pH value. Pertumbuhan bacteria bertambah pada nilai pH 7 / neutral

Able to state the operational definition of bacterial growth correctly

1. Bacterial growth is a process which caused nutrient broth to become very cloudy at pH 7.

2. Bacterial growth is a process which caused nutrient broth to become slighty cloudy at pH 7 / pH 7˂ ˃

1

1

1

1

1

JUMLAH 5

SPM 2006

SECTION C QUESTION 10

Study the following statements.Kaji pernyataan berikut.

You are given an iron nail, a steel nail and sodium chloride solution.Anda diberikan sebatang paku besi, sebatang paku keluli dan larutan natrium klorida.

(a ) Suggest a hypothesis to investigate the above statement. [1 mark] Cadangkan satu hipotesis untuk menyiasat pernyataan di atas.

(b) Describe an experiment to test your hypothesis in 10(a) based on the following criteria. Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menguji hipotesis anda di 10 (a) berpandukan criteria berikut.

(i) Aim of the experiment [1 mark]Tujuan eksperimen

(ii) Indentification of variables [2 marks] Mengenalpasti pembolehubah

(iii) List of apparatus and materials [1mark] Senarai radas dan bahan

(iv) Procedure or method [ 4 marks] Prosedur atau kaedah

(v) Tabulation of data [1 mark] Penjadualan data

ANSWER:

Question No. Marking Criteria Marks(a)Hypothesis Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and

responding variable correctly

1.Steel nail is more resistance to corrosion than iron nail. Paku keluli lebih tahan kakisan daripada paku besi @

2.Different types of nail have different resistance to corrosion Jenis paku yang berlainan mempunyai sifat tahan hakisan yang berbeza

1

(b)(i)AIM Able to state the aim of experiment correctly.1. To study the effect of alloying on metal. Untuk mengkaji kesan pengaloian terhadap kakisan logam @2. To study the resistance to corrosion characteristic between alloy and pure metal Untuk mengkaji sifat tahan kakisan antara aloi dengan logam tulen.

1

An alloy and a pure metal have a different corrosive resistance characteristics.Aloi dan logam tulen mempunyai sifat tahan kakisan yang berbeza.

(ii)VARIABLE Constant : Manipulated: Responded :

Concentration of sodium chloride / time/ temperatureKepekatan Sodium chloride/ masa / suhuType of nail (Jenis paku) Corrosive condition / rustingKadaan kakisan / pengkaratan Max 2

(iii)APPRATUS MATERIAL

Beaker (Container)Steel nail, iron nail, sodium chloride solution 1

(iv) PROCEDURE 1.Fill two test tubes with sodium chloride solution //Diagram2.Clean iron nail and steel nail3.Put iron nail into test tube A and steel nail into test tube B // Diagram4.Leave the apparatus for two days and record the condition of the nails. Max 4

(v)Data Type of nailCorrosive condition / rusting

Iron nail

Steel nail

1

TOTAL 10 mSPM 2007 (QUESTION 11)

11(a) Explain the effect of disposal of toxic substances from factories to the environment . Terangkan kesan pembuangan bahan toksik daripada kilang terhadap alam sekitar. [4 marks] (b) Most domestic waste such as paper is disposed of by open burning. Open burning will cause air pollution. Explain methods to overcome this problem. Kebanyakan bahan buangan domestic seprti kertas dilupuskan dengan cara pembakaran terbuka. Pembakaran terbuka akan menyebabkan pencemaran udara. Terangkan kaedah untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Your explaination should include the following aspects: Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:

• Identify the problem [1 mark]Kenal pasti masalah

• Explain two methods to solve the problem [4 marks]Terangkan dua kaedah penyelesaian

• Choose the best method and explain your choice [1 mark]Pilih kaedah terbaik dan jelaskan pilihan anda

ANSWER:(a) P1 Cause acid rain / Lower the pH of soil/water.

P2 Destroy habitatP3 Destroy plant / animalP4 Damage buildingP5 Affect the beauty of environmentP6 Cause green house effect / global warming / increase the earth atmosphere temperatureP7 Cause water / air pollution // River pollution // Dirty RiverP8 Death aquatic organism [ max 4 marks]

(b) (i) Identify the problem P1 Open burning of paper waste product will cause air pollution. P2 Many domestic waste such as paper are disposed by open burning. [1 mark]

(ii) Explain two methods to solve problem M1 Incinerator E1 The paper waste product is burnt in a specific place

M2 Recycle E2 Reprocess or reuse waste product

M3 Buried Underground E3 Waste product is buried underground

2M2E [4 marks] Example : E1 M1 The (paper waste product is burn) in (incinerator) E3 M3 (Waste product is buried ) (Underground)

(ii) Choose the best mthod and explain your choice. Recycle / Incenerator / Buried underground It does not cause any pollution to environment / water / air Or // reduce / minimixe any pollution to environment [1 mark]

SPM 2005 (QUESTION 12)

12(a) A farmer finds the produce from his fruit farm increases. The fruit is sent to a factory to be processd. State two methods that can be used to process the fruit. Explain the methods.

[4 marks] Seorang petani mendapati hasil buah-buahan dari ladangnya telah meningkat. Hasilnya dihantar ke kilang untuk diproses. Nyatakan dua kaedah yang boleh digunakan untuk memproses buah-buahan itu. Jelaskan kaedah itu.

(c) The fruit farm is situated on hillsides. After several years, soil erosion takes place on his farm. Explain how the farmer overcomes the soil problem on his farm. Your answer should include the following :

Ladang buah-buahan itu terletak di cerun bukit. Selepas beberapa tahun hakisan tanah berlaku di ladangnya. Jawapan anda hendaklah mengandungi perkara berikut:

• Identify the problem [1 mark]Megenal pasti masalah

• Clarification of the problem [1 mark]Penjelasan masalah

• Solving methods [3 marks]Kaedah-kaedah penyelesaian

• Choose the best method and explain your choice [1 mark]Pilih kaedah terbaik dan jelaskan pilihan anda.

ANSWER:

(a) Two methods that can be used to process the fruitK1 Canning (Pengetinan)

P1 The fruits are (clean up, cut and) heated at high temperature retard the growth of microorganisms. Buah-buahan dipanaskan /distimkan pada suhu yang tinggi

K2 Preservation (Penjerukan) P2 The fruits are cleaned up , cut and soaked in a concentrated salt and sugar Buah-buahan dicampur dengan gula @ garam K3 Irradiation (Penyinaran) P3 Gamma /Radioactive ray is used to kill the microorganism. Mendedahkan makanan kepada sinar gamma / radioaktif untuk membunuh Mikroorganisma K4 Vacuum Package (Pembungkusan vakum) P4 Food is packaged or sealed in a container without air Makanan dibungkus atau dimasukkan ke dalam bekas tanpa udara

(b) Identify the problem and clarification of the problem The fruit farm is situated on hillside, the soil erosion occurs in the farm.Ladang buah-buahan dicerun bukit mudah terhakis.

Solving method1. Planting cover crops or grass to prevent soil erosion

Menanam tanaman penutup bumi / menanam rumput2. Contour concrete at the side of the terrace to prevent the land from collapse

Menggunakan kaedah tanaman kontur3. Membina banteng / tembok4. Menggunakan penutup plastic5. Membina parit / saliranChoose the best methodK1 Planting over crops P1 because it can control the water flow Tanaman tutup bumi kerana mengawal pengaliran air

K2 Tutup dengan plastic P2 Mengelak tanah dihanyutkan

SPM 2007 (QUESTION 12)

12(a) Explain the chain structure of the polymers in a thermoset. State two properties of a thermoset that are caused by the chain structure of the polymer. [4 marks] Terangkan struktur rantai polimer dalam suatu termoset. Nyatakan dua sifat termoset yang disebabkan oleh struktur rantai polimer tersebut.

(b)Diagram 12 shows four types of objects made of thermoplastic. Rajah 12 menunjukkan empat jenis objek yang diperbuat daripada termoplastik.

Study the objects in Diagram 12 and construct the concept of thermoplastic. Your answer should be based on the following aspects. Kaji objek-objek dalam Rajah 12 dan bina konsep termoplastik. Jawapan anda hendaklah berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

• Identify two common characteristics [2 marks]Kenal pasti dua cirri sepunya

• Give one other example of thermoplastic [1 mark]Beri satu contoh lain bagi termoplastik

• Give two examples of non-thermoplastic [2 marks]Beri dua contoh bukan termoplastik

• Relate the common characteristics to construct the concept of thermoplasticHubungkaitkan cirri sepunya untuk membina konsep termoplastik [1 mark]

ESSAY QUESTION (SPM 2004)

(a) State four differences between voluntary action and involuntary action. [4 marks]

Nyatakan empat perbezaan antara tindakan terkawal dengan tindakan luar kawal.

(b) Figure shows several activities conducted by a student.

Rajah menunjukkan aktiviti yang dijalankan oleh seorang pelajar.

Conducting an experiment Writing (Menulis) Menjalankan eksperimen

Discussing Reading Berbincang (Membaca)Study the above activities . Explain how you would develop a concept based on the information in figure above.Kaji aktiviti-aktiviti itu. Terangkan bagaimana anda membina suatu konsep berdasarkan malumat dalam rajah di atas.Your explaination of the concept should include the following :Penerangan anda tentang konsep itu hendaklah berdasarkan kepada perkara berikut:

• Identify two common characteristicsKenal pasti dua cirri sepunya

• Develop initial concept

Membina kosep awal• Give other examples and non-examples in relation to the concept

Memberikan contoh lain dan bukan contoh yang berkaitan dengan konsep• Explain the actual concept

Menjelaskan konsep sebenar

ANSWER :(a)

Voluntary Action Involuntary Action1.There ia awareness Tindakan dibuat secara sedar / terkawal

1.No awareness Tindakan dibuat tanpa disedari / tak terkawal

1 m

2.The action is controlled by cerebrum Tindakan dikawal oleh serebrum

2.The action is controlled by medulla oblongata. Tindakan dikawal oleh medula oblongata.

1 m

3.Impulses flow from the receptor to the efector through cerebrum. Impuls mengalir dari reseptor ke efektor melalui serebrum

3. Impulses flow from receptor to efector through medulla oblongata. Impuls mengalir dari reseptor ke efektor melalui medula oblongata.

1 m

4.The response can be fast or slow. Gerak balas boleh dilambatkan atau dicepatkan

4.The response is quick and fast. Gerak balas cepat.

1 m

5.The response involve skeleton muscle. Gerak balas melibatkan otot rangka.

5.The response involve smooth muscle. Gerak balas melibatkan otot licin.

(Mana-mana 4 pt)

Action

(b)

Two Common characteristicsDua Ciri Sepunya

1.All the action are under awareness. Aktiviti dilakukan secara sedar / terkawal.

2.The action is controlled by cerebrum. Tindakan dikawal oleh serebrum. (Mana-mana Pt 1 – Pt 5)

1 m

1 m

Initial conceptKonsep Awal

All the action are under awareness and controlled by cerebrum are Voluntary Action Pt.1 Pt.2Tindakan dilakukan secara sedar dan dikawal oleh serebrum itu adalah tindakan terkawal.

1 m

Other exampleContoh-contoh lain

Non-exampleBukan Contoh

Dancing / eating / cookingMenari / makan / memasak

Heartbeat / knee jerk / peristalsisDenyutan jantung / sentakan lutut / peristalsis

1 m

1 m

Actual ConceptKonsep sebenar

Voluntary action is a action are under awareness and controlled by cerebrum.Tindakan terkawal ialah tindakan yang dilakukan secara sedar dan dikawal oleh serebrum. (Sekurang-kurang 2 pt.)

1 m

[6 marks]