Improving Sales and Retention Using Recent Research Into Human Behavior and Motivation.
Teen motivation into Learning
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Transcript of Teen motivation into Learning
Zakaria Dabboussi, PSYC214 , University of Balamand
What Is Motivation?
• A motivating environment that encourages and supports students on their learning paths.
• Giving minimal attention to actively participating in class, and from being minimally interested to feeling excited and enthusiastic.
• When we talk about engagement –or motivation- it is important to clarify that it involves both, behaviors and emotions;
• behaviors such as concentration and attention, and emotions such as enthusiasm and interest.
What Is Motivation?
The ultimate cognitive motivation
“ a state of flow in which people are intensively attentive
to a task so that they lose awareness of
time & space.” Csikzentmihalyi (1975, 1988)
Three main sets that govern motivation:
1 1 • Perception of
Self-competence & control
2 2 • Values & goals
3 3 • Social connectedness
A study performed by Berktold, Geis, and kaufman (1998, Table 6) shows
that 32% among 13,000 eight graders claimed that they dropped out of
school because they could not keep up with schoolwork.
Perception of Self-competence & control
Another study performed by Ferguson (2002) on 100,000 students whose grades range from 7 to 11, reveals
that students with low socioeconomic status reported “less understanding of teacher’s lessons, and they were less likely to complete their homework”.
Perception of Self-competence & control
A student who believes that his academic ability is fixed and he cannot succeed in school is not expected to keep up in the academic
field.
Perception of Self-competence & control
Reasons for being engaged varies from originating from within the self (a feeling of self-determination, I’m
working because I want to),
to external goals (I want to avoid punishment or to earn a reward; I’m
working because I have to).
Perception of Self-competence & control
According to Smith and Ouston (1979), “students’ perceptions of their
teachers’ expectations for their learning is a strong predictor of the
level of engagement of those students.”
Increase students’ Perception of Self-competence & control
A low-income African-American student asserted
that “If somebody keeps telling you you’re gonna be
nobody, you’re going to take that in and you’re going to
say ‘Well damn, I’m going to be nobody. Look at my grades, they’re right’”.
Increase students’ Perception of Self-competence & control
Davidson (1999)
Another student declared that his teacher, while giving him the test paper says: “I don’t think you’ll do it, but I’ll
give it to you anyway.”
Increase students’ Perception of Self-competence & control
Davidson (1999)
Descriptive
Increase students’ Perception of Self-competence & control
rather than
judgmental language
It is noteworthy to acknowledge that, in order to exert academic effort, students need to see reasons for being engaged, even if their self-
efficacy was high.
Values and Goals
Ogbu (1992) argued that African-American youth don’t expect their
own success in school to be rewarded with good jobs and higher incomes so
they do not display interest in schoolwork.
Values and Goals
Emphasis on rewards and other extrinsic activities might undermine intrinsic interest in the activity.
Promoting values & goals
(Rayn and Deci, 2000)
In the Metlife survey (2002), the most frequent reason for both skipping and dropping out of school was
that “school was boring”.
Inquiry-based instructional strategies,
real life problem-based learning Hand-on activities Others……
Promoting values & goals
Social connectedness
Urban high school students, when they were interviewed by Davidson and Phelan
(1999), focused on “caring adults”.
Social connectedness
And according to the Public Agenda (1997) survey, 64% of students
claimed that they would learn more with a teacher who is “personally
cared about his students as people.”
Summing up
1 1 • Perception of
Self-competence & control
2 2 • Values & goals
3 3 • Social connectedness
Thank You for your Attention