Technology to Mitigage Greenhouse Emissions · from 0 to 94 ppt . Energy Emissions by ... Bio...
Transcript of Technology to Mitigage Greenhouse Emissions · from 0 to 94 ppt . Energy Emissions by ... Bio...
Earths Energy Sources
• Solar Energy-which is overwhelmingly the
main source.
• Gravitational force from the Moon (Tidal)
• Geothermal from the Earth’s Core
Effect of Industrialisation on Composition of
Main Atmospheric Pollutants.
• CO2 from 280 to 375 ppm
• N2O from 270 to 319 ppb
• CH4 from 730 to 1852 ppb
• Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 from 0 to 94 ppt
CO2 Output from Electricity Generation
Fuel Source CO2 Emitted g/kWh
Conventional Coal 1000g/kWh
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
(CCGT)
500g/kWh
Photovoltaic 58g/kWh
Nuclear
(complete lifecycle)
5g/kWh
Wind 5g/kWh
Hydroelectric <5g/kWh
Gross CO2 Storage Capacity & Enhanced Oil
Recovery (EOR) for UK & Norwegian Sectors.
Includes Oil & Gas Fields also Aquifers. (MMSTB =Million Stock Tank Barrels. Mt = million tonnes)
Schematic of an Oscillating Water Column
(Image courtesy of Fujita Research)
Projected Car Ownership in Developing
countries will dwarf current numbers in the
West (units are millions)
Percentage of Public, Civil R&D Budgets spent on
low carbon R&D in 2004 (Excludes Nuclear &
Fossil Fuels)
New Zealand's History of
Renewable Energy
• Annual Electricity Generation Annual Electricity Generation, GWh
Year Hydro Thermal Geothermal Wind Total % Renewable
1975 16,497 1,931 1,350 - 20,126 90%
1980 19,171 1,959 1,206 - 22,700 91%
1985 19,511 6,555 1,165 - 27,673 76%
1990 22,953 5,956 2,091 - 31,467 81%
1995 27,259 5,426 2,049 1 35,244 85%
2000 24,387 10,474 2,756 119 38,285 73%
2005 23,099 14,305 3,007 609 41,670 66%
Source: New Zealand Energy Data File June 2008, Ministry of Economic Development.
An International Idea for low Carbon Emission
Power Supply in Europe and North Africa. Note PV =Photovoltaic's and CSP= Concentrated Solar Power