TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION THEORYTechnology can be defined as the means which are used to transform the inputs of the organization to its outputs. Technology can be incorporated in various ways by an organization. Technology can be used in the core processes or can be used in processes which are peripheral to the core processes. Various theories aim to correlate technology with the characteristics of the organization. To achieve this purpose various theorists removed the abovementioned distinct ways in which an organization uses technology.We will now discuss the contributions of Woodward and Perrow and then use those theories to analyze the technology and structure of Teach for India.

JOAN WOODWARD 1. Small Batch and Unit Production Restricted number of orders. This kind of technology is associated with labor process wherein a worker is involved in every process from the beginning to the end and is therefore considered least complex.2. Large Batch and Mass Production Used in undifferentiated mass markets. The technology is moderately complex and there is division is labor.3. Continuous Process Production Automated process. Labor is only required for supervision and it is the most complex form of technology.The technology incorporated determines the decision making authority among the workers.

CHARLES PERROW -Charles Perrow extended the scope of the research and therefore found two dimensions which are as follow 1. Task Variability This includes whether the process is standardized or there is variability in it. 2. Task Analyzability This includes the degree to which formal procedures are needed in a process.He further classified technology on the above two parameters which are listed below 1. Routine Technology Low variability and high analyzability2. Non routine technology High variability and low analyzability3. Craft technologies Standard procedures for most of the processes4. Engineering technology High variability

TEACH FOR INDIA AND TECHNOLOGYTechnology touches almost every part of our lives, our commodities and our homes. Yet most of the schools fail to integrating technology into classroom learning. Teach for India aims at incorporating technology in its curriculum in ways that deepen and enhance the learning process. Through the means of the abovementioned components of learning, Teach for India is coming up with more interesting and diverse materials for learning.Technology has also changed the way Teach for Indias fellows teach by offering the fellows an effective way to assess the students. Although Teach for India focuses on the economically challenged schools and students which do not have access to the resources to provide quality education, their IT team supports its innovation and growth. Moreover, the application process for fellowship has been completely automated and now no hard copy applications are accepted. Additionally, a pen-pal program was established between the students and kids in Wheaton Woods Elementary School in Maryland, USA. They have also taken up an initiative wherein students from municipal schools, aspiring for admission in IITs, are coached online through a tie up with Vidya Mandir Coaching Center. The classes happen in Delhi and are tele casted live. This can be better understood by looking at one of the fellows contribution in this field as seen in the image below.

ANALYZING THE TECHNOLOGY USING WOODWARD AND PERROWS CLASSIFICATION- WOODWARD As Teach for India has a decentralized management system with only four levels of hierarchies (Board, CEO, COO and local enterprises), therefore small batch and continuous processing technologies are most successful and this enables the organization to exercise the greatest level of autonomy. Technology doesnt determine the organizational attributes of Teach for India such as span of control, centralization of authority and formalization of rules and procedures, to a very large extend. Following the footsteps of Teach for America, TFI has taken up the initiative of implementing Student Achievement Management System (SAMS) to effectively measure and advancing students achievements. This, is implemented successfully, would be the most complex and complicated project. This would then result in a shift from small batch to large batch and continuous processing technologies and would affect how technology impacts the organizational attributes of Teach for India.

- PERROW The processes are not standardized and the fellows enjoy the flexibility and use their experiences to introduce systems as per the environment. They can incorporate technology in education, rural transformation, private sector, training school leader, school leaders and many more. They put in a lot of effort and resources by effectively measuring and defining the impacts of Teach for India.As mentioned above, there are as such no formal procedures. There is a standard procedure when it comes to recruiting the fellows and managing the operations of the company. Therefore Teach for India can be included in the non-routine technology classification of Charles Perrow as there is high variability and low analyzability.Perrows technology framework can be used to describe the Teach for Indias organizational principles such as formalization decision making, social control, and environmental issues.

- JAMES THOMSON James Thomson proposed a method to classify the types of technology used by both manufacturing and service organizations. 1. Long linked technologies used mostly in manufacturing organizations2. Mediating technologies Used mostly by service organizations3. Intensive technologies used where there is a change involved

Therefore by analyzing hot TFI uses technology and then applying Thomsons model to get we find that it belongs to the service organization and hence falls under the category of mediating technologies.The recent commercialization of the education sector has now made them more of an industry rather than a service. But as TFI focuses on backward areas where there is a lack of resources, therefore it is still in the service sector.Teach for India uses technology as an integrating mechanism by using it to integrate its operation with the government, which have been an active supporter to their cause.As mentioned previously, it also works together with various coaching center for training purposes of the students. The fellows are also recruited by the means of technology

CONCLUSION By analyzing the technology and the structure of Teach for India using the three models helped us to get an insight into how it is using technology and how TFI is using it as an integrating mechanism.Technology doesnt play a major role in accomplishing the companys mission and vision but has become one of the focuses of the company due to its many advantages. Its use and implementation is currently scattered but is expected to become more converged in the coming years.