Technical Report for Solidworks

8/20/2019 Technical Report for Solidworks

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Technical Report 1: Stress, Strain, & Displacement

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Introduction

The strength and composition of materials when affected by force can be calculated using specific

formula theoretically. However, generating accurate values can only be achieved by means of

testing, experimentation and formulation. Since the advancement of technology, this values can

now be generated using a software application, this is called the Finite Element Analysis. One

example of this is the Solidworks where it can generate the accurate values without

experimentation.

The Technical Report will compare the result of two figures with the same area and material but

with different shapes (cube & cylinder) using both theoretical and solidworks results. The

difference in values will be recorded for multiple trials, each having different set of forces ranging

from 100 kN to 500 kN.

Software: Solidworks

SolidWorks Version 2015 or higher will be used as testing medium for the software side. The FEA(Finite Element Analysis) capability of SolidWorks is integrated to the Simulations add-ins package

with the capability to do linear and non-linear analysis.

Stress

Stress is used to express the loading in terms of force applied to a certain cross-sectional area of an

object. From the perspective of loading, stress is the applied force or system of forces that tends to

deform a body. From the perspective of what is happening within a material, stress is the internal

distribution of forces within a body that balance and react to the loads applied to it.

Strain

Strain is the ratio of change in length to the original, or . Strain is a dimensionless/unitlessquantity since it is the ratio of displacement.

Displacement

It is the shortest distance from the initial to the final position of a point when a force is applied. In

rigid body, the tern displacement may also include the rotations of the body.

Modulus of Elasticity

The elastic modulus of an object is defined as the slope of its stress-strain curve in the elastic

deformation region. A stiffer material will have a higher elastic modulus. The unit of Elastic of

Modulus has the same unit of stress.


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Yield Point

The yield point determines the limits of performance for mechanical components, since it

represents the upper limit to forces that can be applied without permanent deformation

.

Von Mises Yield Criterion

Solidworks Simulation uses the Von Mises Yield Criterion to calculate the Factor of Safety of many

ductile materials. Von Mises Criterion computes the stress along all planes.

URES: Resultant Displacement

Solidworks Simulation uses the URES: Resultant Displacement to calculate the elongation of thematerial when a force is applied. URES: Resultant Displacement computes the displacement along

all planes.

ESTRN: Equivalent Strain

Solidworks Simulation uses ESTRN: Equivalent Strain to calculate the strain when a force is applied

to a material. ESTRN: Equivalent Strain computes the strain along all planes

Sensors

Four sensors are placed to both specimen to measure its max Von misses, Principal Stress,

Equivalent Strain, and Resultant Displacement.

Figure 1. The slope of stress and strain is denoted by the constant E. (image from Total material website)


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Model Information of the Solid Cube Figure

Model name: Cube

Current Configuration: Default

Solid Bodies

Document Name and

Reference

Treated As Volumetric Properties

Document Path Date

Modified

Boss-Extrude1

Solid Body

Mass:75060 kg

Volume:27

Density:2780 kg/ Weight:735588 N

Area: 9

Figure 2. Information about the Solid Cube Figure generated in the SolidWorks through report


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Model Information of the Solid Cylinder Figure

Model name: Cylinder

Current Configuration: Default

Solid Bodies

Document Name and

Reference

Treated As Volumetric Properties

Document Path Date

Modified

Boss-Extrude1

Solid Body

Mass: 84685.8 kg

Volume: 30.4625

Density: 2780 kg/

Weight: 829921 N

Area:

Figure 3. Information about the Solid Cylinder Figure generated in the SolidWorks through report


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Part 1: Stress Validation

Method

Materials under fixed geometry fixture with constant area of two different shapes are subjected to

different values of force in compression which will result to different level of stresses. Results for

both the theoretical and simulated will be presented in tabular form. This is later compared andinterpreted.

Formula

The following will be used for the theoretical part of validation.

Results

Cube

Trial Area

()

Force

()

Stress (Pa )

Theoretical

Simulated (SW)

Difference Percent

Difference

Von misses

()

Principal

()

1 9 100 11111.11 11178.8 8897.59 44%

2 9 200 22222.22 40017.4 22357.6 17795.18 44%

3 9 300 33333.33 60026.2 33536.3 26692.87 44%

4 9 400 44444.44 80034.9 44715.2 35590.46 44%

5 9 500 55555.56 100044 55894.1 44488.44 44%

Table 1. Summary of 5 trials of cube using both theoretical and simulation method for stress


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Cylinder

Trial Area

(

)

Force

()

Stress (Pa )

Theoretical

Simulated (SW)

Difference PercentDifference

Von misses

()

Principal

()

1 9 100 11111.11 11155.7 5324.79 32%

2 9 200 22222.22 32871.7 22311.5 10649.48 32%

3 9 300 33333.33 49307.6 33467.2 15974.27 32%

4 9 400 44444.44 65743.4 44623 21298.96 32%

5 9 500 55555.56 82179.3 55778.6 26623.74 32%

Interpretation of the Table

The values of the Von Mises stress are found to be higher than the theoretical for all the trials on

both shapes. The difference of the said stresses is determined to be increasing with the increasing

value of load/force. The percentage difference however is generally constant for the generated data

at a certain range in the table

Table 2. Summary of 5 trials of cylinder using both theoretical and simulation method for stress

Figure 4. Comparison result of stress for 4 trials of cube by means of static simulation


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Conclusion

The theoretical data that has been gathered from the formula given is less than the data gathered

from the solidworks. The data also denotes a constant percent difference of both Von misses and

theoretical. Comparing Von misses data (max) to the principal average, the principal average has a

nearer value from the theoretical rather than the Von misses. The researcher concludes that the

value of Von misses is at max limit of the material rather than the average value that is computed by

the theoretical.

Part 2: Displacement Validation

Method

A material under fixed geometry fixture with constant area of two different shapes is subjected to

different values of force in compression which will result to different values of displacement.

Results for both the theoretical and simulated will be presented in tabular form. This is later

compared and interpreted.

Formula


(7.24 x N/)

Figure 5. Comparison result of stress for 4 trials of cylinder by means of static simulation


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Results

Cube

Trial Area()

Force()

Displacement ()

Theoretical

Simulated (SW)

Difference Percent

Difference

URES: Resultant

Displacement

()

1 9 100 0.19%

2 9 200 0.18%

3 9 300 0.13%

4 9 400 0.18%

5 9 500 0.17%

Cylinder

Trial Area

()

Force

()

Displacement ()

Theoretical

Simulated (SW)

Difference Percent

Difference

URES: Resultant

Displacement

()

1 9 100 2%

2 9 200 2%

3 9 300 2%

4 9 400 2%

5 9 500 2%

Table 3. Summary of 5 trials of cube using both theoretical and simulation method for displacement

Table 4. Summary of 5 trials of cylinder using both theoretical and simulation method for displacement


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Interpretation of Table

The values of the URES: Resultant Displacement is found to be higher than the theoretical for all the

trials in cube while it is lower when in cylinder. The difference of the said displacement is

determined to be increasing with the increasing value of load/force for both figures. The

percentage in difference however is inconsistent for the generated data at certain range in the table.

The reason for this is the miniscule value of the data. This interpretation is true for both figures.

Figure 6. Comparison result of displacement for 4 trials of cube by means of static simulation

Figure 7. Comparison result of displacement for 4 trials of cylinder by means of static simulation


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Conclusion


from the solidworks on the solid cube figure. However, in the solid cylinder figure, the theoretical

data is greater than the data that is generated on the solidworks. The reason might be because of

too miniscule data of displacement. The data also denotes a constant percent difference in the solid

cylinder of both URES and theoretical while an inconsistent percent difference on the solid cube

figure. The minuscule data is obtained because of the high elastic modulus of the material 2024-T4.

Part 3: Strain Validation

Method

A material under fixed geometry fixture with constant area of two different shapes is subjected to

different values of force in compression which will result to different level of strains. Results for

both the theoretical and simulated will be presented in tabular form. This is later compared and

interpreted.

Formula



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Results

Cube

Trial Area()

Force()

Strain

Theoretical

Simulated (SW)

Difference Percent

Difference

ESTRN: Equivalent

Strain

()

1 9 100 22%

2 9 200 22%

3 9 300 22%

4 9 400

22%

5 9 500 22%

Cylinder

Trial

()

Area

()

Force

Strain

Theoretical

Simulated (SW)

Difference Percent

Difference

()

ESTRN: Equivalent

Strain

1 9 100 7%

2 9 200 7%

3 9 300 7%

4 9 400 7%

5 9 500 7%

Table 5. Summary of 5 trials of cube using both theoretical and simulation method for strain

Table 6. Summary of 5 trials of cylinder using both theoretical and simulation method for strain


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Interpretation of the Table

The values of the ESTRN: Equivalent Strain is found to be higher than the theoretical for all the

trials. The difference of the said strain is determined to be increasing with the increasing value of

load/force. The percentage in difference however is generally constant for the generated data at

certain range in the table. This interpretation is true for both figures.

Figure 8. Comparison result of strain for 4 trials of cube by means of static simulation

Figure 9. Comparison result of strain for 4 trials of cylinder by means of static simulation


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Conclusion


from the solidworks. The data also denotes a constant percent difference of both Equivalent Strain

and theoretical. The strain also has a miniscule value because of a great modulus of elasticity of the

material.

Final Conclusion and Recommendation

For the comparison of the different parameters, the researcher conclude that when the given

compressive force increases all the set parameters (Stress, Strain, & Displacement) and its

difference also increases while the percent difference remains constant. It is also generated in the

data that the solution of the Finite Element Analysis (SolidWorks) is greater than the theoretical

value excluding the parameter displacement of the cylinder (refer to table 4 ) where the theoretical

is greater than the FEA. The reason for this is still unknown but the researcher suggests that thevalue might be too miniscule.

The strain and the displacement data is minuscule because of the high elasticity of the material

2024-T4 and its solid figure enabled it to withstand the maximum force that is given. Therefore the

researcher recommends the use of the Finite Element Analysis in determining the static simulation

data of a material.

Technical Report for Solidworks

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