DuPont™ Verimark® and Exirel® Insect Control: Novel insecticides for crop protection and yield optimization in tobacco

Portillo, H.E., Williams R.W., Smith, J.D. and Backscheider, KDuPont Crop Protection

47th Tobacco workers conference, Nashville TN, January 2016

DuPont™ Verimark® and Exirel® are not currently registered for use on tobacco No sale, offer for sale or use of these product on these crops is permitted prior to the issuance of the required EPA and state registration.

Technical Presentation.

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AcknowledgementsWe thank the following researchers for their contributions to the understanding of the fit of Cyazypyr® and Rynaxypyr® in tobacco, this work would not have been possible without their expert contributions:

• Dr. Hannah Burrack, North Carolina State University

• Dr. Clyde Sorenson, North Carolina State University

• Dr. Bob Pearce, University of Kentucky

• Dr. Andy Bailey, University of Kentucky

• Dr. Robert Ellis, University of Tennessee

• Dr. Joe Beeler, University of Tennessee

• Dr. Barry Sims, University of Tennessee

• Dr. Eric Walker, University of Tennessee

• Dr. Paul Denton, University of Tennessee

• Dr. Paul J. Semtner, Virginia Tech University

• Dr. Bob McPherson, University of Georgia

• Dr. J. Michael Moore, University of Georgia

• Dr. Francis Reay Jones, Clemson University

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Grower Benefits of DuPont™ Exirel® and Verimark® powered by Cyazypyr®

DuPont™ Exirel® and Verimark® insect control help improve early crop establishment for visibly vigorous plants from start to finish, to help growers produce a stronger crop in the field for a more appealing crop at harvest.

• Applications early in the crop cycle protect tender seedlings from feeding damage and transmission of some pest-vectored diseases

• Reducing biotic stresses improves crop establishment and gets the crop off to a strong start

• Getting the crop off to a strong start with a program including DuPont™ Exirel® and Verimark® consistently creates an opportunity for improved yield at harvest

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What is Cyazypyr®?The second active ingredient in the anthranilic diamide class and the first to control a cross-spectrum of chewing and sucking pests

whiteflies

Cyazypyr® (cyantraniliprole)

Source:ttp://www.ars.usda.gov/is/graphics/photos/mar09/d1032-1.jpg

Source: DuPont, Spain

Source:http://www.fotosearch.com

Source: DuPont, USA

Source: DuPont, The Netherlands

Source: DuPont, Poland

Source: DuPont, USA

Source: DuPont, Poland

Source: DuPont, France

Source: http://gardening-coaches.com/CommunityGarden/gardening/asian-citrus-psyllid-reaches-ventura-

county/

Source: Sylvia Villareal/IRRI

leafminers

fruit flies

aphids

thrips

Leps

beetles weevils hoppers psyllids

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Features at a glance

Novel Mode of Action providing rapid feeding cessation in the critical crop establishment phase

Cross-spectrum control of chewing and sucking pests for superior protection against feeding damage and pest-vectored diseases

The ideal choice at the beginning of a season-long IPM and IRM program for sustainable farming

Sustainable use thanks to an excellent environmental profileand convenient use thanks to translaminar and root systemicity

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Muscles are composed of muscle fibers with bundles of fibrilsNormal contraction is triggered by the release of calcium from intracellular stores, regulated by ryanodine receptorsCyazypyr® selectively binds to insect ryanodine receptors causing uncontrolled release of calcium and uncoordinated contractionsDepletion of internal calcium stores prevents further muscle contractions

Muscle

Musclefibre

Musclefibril

Ryanodine receptors

DepletedInternalCa++ storeInternal

Ca++ store

Mode of Action of Cyazypyr®:The basis for rapid feeding cessation and plant protection 20

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Impairment of muscle function in affected insects results in the following

Reduction of fecundity and fertility of adult insects

Reduction of direct feeding damage

Reduction of pest-vectored viruses

Reduction of progeny viability

Affect on development of larvae/nymphs

Mortality of affected insects typically 1-4 days after exposure to the product

Uniform and vigorously growing crops that can better meet their full genetic potential and deliver higher yields and better quality

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Applied to the roots DuPont™ Verimark® can protect new growth

Applications of Cyazypyr® to the root zone allow the active ingredient to be transported from the roots through the xylem providing upward systemicity.

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SA (2

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Relative concentration of total radioactivity

Low High

1 DAT 7 DAT 14 DAT 28 DAT

Cyazypyr® is translocated to the canopy shortly after the application and already protects the plant one day after applicationAs the plant grows, the roots continue to absorb Cyazypyr® into old and new growth, providing excellent and extended crop protection

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Designed for Optimal PerformanceProducts powered by Cyazypyr®

Designed for soil applicationsFor optimized root uptake and crop safety to tender roots and shoots, protecting both older leaves and new growth from a cross-spectrum of pests and helping provide consistently better yield and quality results at harvest.

Designed for foliar applicationsFor optimized leaf penetration and locally systemic movement, improving coverage and protection from a cross-spectrum of pests and potentially improving a plant’s resilience to stress.

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Formulated Product Active Ingredient(s)

Acute Oral LD50

mg/Kg (m/f)

Acute Dermal LD50mg/Kg (m/f)

EPA ToxicityCategory

Signal Word MOAREI

(hours)

Verimark® Cyazypyr® > 5000 > 5000No Signal

Word Required 28 4Exirel® Cyazypyr® > 5000 > 5000 Caution 28 12

Coragen® Rynaxypyr™ > 5000 > 5000 IV - No Signal Word Required 28 4

Dipel B. thuringiensis > 4000 nontoxic IV- Caution 11A 4Admire Pro imidacloprid 609 > 2000 Caution 4A 12Actara/Platinum thiamethoxam > 5000 > 2000 Caution 4A 12Closer SC sulfoxaflor > 5000 > 5000 Caution 4C 12Steward® indoxacarb 3619/751 > 5000 III - Caution 22 12Avaunt® indoxacarb 1867/687 > 5000 III - Caution 22 12Radiant spinetoram > 5000 > 5000 Caution 5 4Proclaim® 5G emamectin benzoate 1516 > 2000 III - Caution 6 12Movento spirotetramat > 2000 > 4000 Caution 23 24Agri-Mek 0.15EC abamectin 300 > 1800 Warning 6 12Voliam Flexi thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole > 5000 > 5000 Caution 4A + 28 12Mustang zeta-cypermethrin 234 > 2000 Warning 3A 12Karate® 1EC lambda cyhalothrin 92.91 >2000 II - Warning 3A 24Lorsban 4E chlorpyrifos 382 > 2000 Warning 1B 120Dimethoate 4E dimethoate 450 > 2000 Warning 1B 48Lannate® 90 methomyl 34/30 > 2000 I - Danger 1A 48-72Imidan 70-W phosmet 275/258 > 2,000 Warning 1B 24Grandevo Chromobacterium subtsugae > 5000 > 5000 Caution - 4

Acute Toxicity of Cyazypyr® Products vs. Other Insecticides

LD50 = Lethal Dose (mg/Kg) to kill 50% of populationm/f = Male/Femal rats

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Cyazypyr® has a favorable environmental profileLow impact on the environment when applied according to labelAnticipated short worker REI (4 h Verimark®– 12 h Exirel®)Rapid degradation in soil and waterFavorable Toxicological Profile - fish , birds, most beneficial arthropods (does not include bees)Little to no impact on non-target organisms when used according to label directions

Group Order Family Species Life Stage ExposedImpact (IOBC class)

Parasitoids HymenopteraTrichogrammatidae

Trichogramma pretiosum AdultTrichogramma chilonis Egg

Aphelinidae Encarsia sophia AdultEretmocerus melanoscutus AdultAphytis melinus EggAphytis coheni Adult

Braconidae Aphidius colemani AdultEncyrtidae Coccidoxenoides perminutus AdultEulophidae Hemiptarsenus varicornis Adult

Predators

Coleoptera Coccinelidae Hippodamia convergensAdultLarva

Hippodamia variegata LarvaMenochilus sexmaculatus AdultChilocorus nigritos Adult & Larva

Neuroptera Chrysopidae Chrysoperla carnea LarvaHemerobiidae Micromus tasmaniae Larvae

Hemiptera Lygaeidae Geocoris punctipes AdultAnthocoridae Orius insidiosus AdultNabidae Nabis kinbergii LarvaMiridae Deraeocoris brevis Adult & Nymph

Dermaptera Forficula Forficula auricularia AdultAcari Phytoseidae Euseius citri Adult

Category Mortality (%)

Non-harmful < 50

Slightly harmful 50 –79

Moderately harmful 80 – 99

Harmful > 99

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Best Management Practices for Pollinator Protection When Using Exirel® in Crops During Bloom and Pollinators are Present

Cyazypyr® foliar and soil formulations have been tested extensively for honey bee safety on many crops. Summary of findings on effects on Bees:

• Exirel® is toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds.

• Semi-field and field tests indicate no biologically relevant impact on honeybee colonies (adults and brood) if sprays are made after daily bee flight.

• No effects have been observed on honey bees after 3-hours of ageing of spray deposits at maximum label rate of 20.5 oz/acre (0.134 lb ai/acre)

• Risk assessments indicate no risk for bees resulting from oral exposure to residues of cyantraniliprole in pollen or nectar.

• The use of Exirel® following label restrictions and good Agricultural Practices pose no unacceptable acute and chronic risks for honeybees, colony development, colony survival and behavior.

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• Verimark® is labeled only for soil applications.

• While direct exposure of honeybees from soil applications (in-furrow, shank, drench, drip chemigation) is considered to be low, follow these directions to protect pollinators when applying Verimark®:

• Do not apply Verimark® or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area.

• Check for water leaks and make sure drip lines are closed at the end of crop rows in order to avoid puddling of treatment solution.

Best Management Practices for Pollinator Protection When Using Verimark® in Crops During Bloom and Pollinators are Present

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Transplant Water

Drench

Nursery Tray Spray Drench

DuPont™ Verimark® Insect Control Fit in application systems

Float House Injection in

Tobacco

Verimark® is effective through a variety of soil application systems

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Performance of Verimark® applied as a float house (FH) or transplant water (TW) treatment againsttobacco budworm, evaluated in the states of NC, SC, KY, TN, GA and FL from 2008 to 2015

Verimark® for Tobacco Budworm Management

• Verimark® at 10-13.5 oz/A applied as TW or float house provides effective long lasting budworm control

• Programs of Verimark® and Coragen® resulted in the best protection against budworms

n =12 n =17 n=14 n=14 n=17 n=26 n=12 n=26 n=30 n=25 n=110

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Source: DuPont field trials, analysis across locations, years and evaluation datesn = number of evaluations across trials used in the analysis

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Performance of Cyazypyr® 10 OD applied foliar against tobacco budworm, evaluated in the states ofTN, Trial Number: SWL-10-031, 2010

Cyantraniliprole 10 OD for Tobacco Budworm Management

• Cyazypyr® 10 OD at 13.5 oz/A provided excellent tobacco budworm control, with residual protection of 19-23 days

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Performance of Verimark® applied as a float house (FH) or transplant water (TW) treatment againstflea beetles, evaluated in the states of PA, NC, SC, KY, TN, GA and FL from 2008 to 2015

Verimark® for Flea Beetle Management

• Verimark® at 10-13.5 oz/A applied as TW or float house provided effective long lasting flea beetle control

• Programs of Verimark® and imidacloprid with or without Coragen® resulted in the best protection

Mea

n %

Fle

a Be

etle

Dam

age

Con

trol

Source: DuPont field trials, analysis across locations, years and evaluation datesn = number of evaluations across trials used in the analysis

n=19 n=16 n=35 n=30 n=11 n=17 n=16 n=17 n=19 n=11 n=15 n=37 n=30

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Performance of Cyazypyr® 10 OD applied foliar against flea beetles, evaluated in the states of VA, TrialNumber: EAC-08-261, 2008

Cyazypyr® 10 OD for Flea Beetle Management

• Cyazypyr® 10 OD provide similar flea beetle control as the best standards used in this test

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Performance of Verimark® applied as a float house (FH) or transplant water (TW) treatment for themanagement of spotted wilt virus, evaluated in the states of SC, GA and FL from 2008 to 2015

Verimark® for Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) Management

• Verimark® alone at 10-13.5 oz/A applied as TW or float house provided limited TSWV suppression

• Programs of Verimark® and imidacloprid or Coragen® significantly improved TSWV suppression vs each product alone

Mea

n %

TSW

V re

duct

ion

VS U

ntre

ated

• Spotted wilt virus is reduced by interfering with transmission by thrips vectors, neither thrips or TSWV are currently labeled• Source: DuPont field trials, analysis across locations, years and evaluation dates• n = number of evaluations across trials used in the analysis

n=5 n=5 n=3 n=5 n=8 n=8 n=7 n=4 n=5 n=10

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Performance of Cyazypyr® 10 OD applied foliar in programs with imidacloprid for the management ofspotted wilt virus, evaluated in GA, Trial Number: SOH-12-751, David Moore, 2012

Cyazypyr® 10 OD for Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) Management

• Cyazypyr® at 20.5 oz/A applied twice in programs with imidacloprid and Coragen® resulted in the best suppression of TSWV

• Spotted wilt virus is reduced by interfering with transmission by thrips vectors, neither thrips or TSWV are currently labeled

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Verimark® applied as a float house (FH) or transplant water (TW) and impact on tobacco yield,evaluated in the states of TN, KY, SC and GA from 2010 to 2014

Verimark® and Yield Improvement

• All products and programs increased tobacco yield vs. the untreated• Verimark® at 13.5 oz/A applied as TW or float house used in a program with imidacloprid and

or Coragen® resulted in the highest yield increase, with 17-20% higher yields than the untreated

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Source: DuPont field trials, analysis across locations and yearsn = number of trials used in the analysis

n=3n=3 n=6 n=2

n=5n=2

n=7 n=7 n=8 n=3 n=1

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Summary

Programs of Verimark® at 10-13.5 applied at the float house fb Coragen® TW with orwithout imidacloprid appeared to enhance the overall consistency and residualprotection against budworms

Verimark® alone at 10-13.5 oz/A applied as TW or in the float house provided the bestprotection against flea beetles. Programs that included Verimark® and imidacloprid appeared to enhance the overall consistency and residual protection against flea beetles

Foliar applications of Cyazypyr® (Exirel® 10 SE or Cyazypyr® 10 OD) also provide excellent budworm and flea beetle control

Programs that included Verimark® and imidacloprid resulted in the overall best reductionin TSWV incidence as compared to the individual products

Programs that included imidacloprid at planting followed by foliar applications of Cyazypyr® 10 OD also resulted in excellent reduction in TSWV incidence in one test

The above programs resulted in yield increase of 10-20% over the untreated

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Unless indicated, trademarks with ®, ™ or SM are trademarks of DuPont or affiliates. © 2015 DuPont.Assail® (Nippon Soda); Capture® (FMC); Actara®, Platinum® (Syngenta); Orthene® (OMS Investments, Inc.)

Always read and follow all label directions and precautions for use

DuPont™ Verimark® and Exirel® are not currently registered for use on tobacco. No sale, offer for sale or use of these product on these crops is permitted prior to the issuance of the required EPA and state registration.

The DuPont™ Exirel® and Verimark® labels containc the statement, “This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are foraging in the treatment area.” State registrations for DuPont™ Exirel® and Verimark® are pending. Contact your local DuPont sales representative for details and availability. The information provided on this website is for reference only. Always refer to the product labels for complete details and directions for use.

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THANK YOU!

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