CULTURAL

DIFFERENCES, SUBDIVIDI

NG MAIN IDEAS, AND

INTEGRATING YOUR

SUPPORTING MATERIAL

Cultural Differences

Each culture teaches its

members patterns of

thoughts and

organization that are

considered appropriate

for various occasions and

audiences.

Different patterns of

though and organization

Subdividing Main Ideas

After you have decided how to organize your main idea, you may need to subdivide some of them.

Get your ideas and information on paper first.

Use multiple draft if needed

Integrating Your Supporting

Material

Prepare your Supporting

Material

Organize your

supporting Material

Prepare your Supporting

Material Working with an electronic document: print out your

supporting material in order for you to have with you while preparing your speech. Once you are fully prepared, copy and paste your supporting material into your speech.

Working with photocopies: search for your material, make copies of your supporting material, and then write or type your supporting material into your speech.

Working with note cards: Write each main idea and sub point along with your supporting material in a note card. This will help you organize your speech.

Organization of Supporting

Material

Primacy: Most important material first.

Recency: least important

Specificity: make general statement then follow the evidence

Complexity: from simple to more complex

Soft to hard: evidence from your opinion to factual

Incorporate your supporting

material into your speech

State the point

Site the source

Show/explain

illustration

Maintain eye contact

with audience

DEVELOPING SIGNPOSTS

AND SUPPLEMENTAL

SIGNPOSTS WITH

PRESENTATION AIDS

Signposts

A verbal or nonverbal

signal that a speaker

is moving from one

idea to the next.

Developing Signposts

Three types of Developing Signposts:

Transitions

Previews

Summaries

Transitions

Indicates that a speaker

has finished talking about

one idea and is moving to

another.

Two types of transitions:

Verbal transition

Nonverbal transition

Verbal Transition

Verbal transition is often

use to make one sentence

Flow smoothly into the

next.

Examples:

Repeating a keyword

Enumerating

Using internal summaries and previews.

Nonverbal Transition

Nonverbal transition

occurs sometimes with

Verbal transition.

Examples:

A change in facial expression.

A pause

An altered voice pitch

A movement

Previews

A statement of what is

to come.

Two types of previews:

Preview statement or

Initial previews

Internal preview

Summaries

Provide additional

exposure to a speaker’s

ideas and can help ensure

that audience members

will grasp and remember

them.

2 types of summaries:

Final summary

Internal summary

Supplementing signposts with

presentation aids

Use supplemental

signposts when your

audience failed to hear

or process even your

most carefully planned

verbal signposts.

Examples:

PowerPoint

Organizing Main Ideas

Organizing Ideas by problem solution

A problem solution pattern takes the information about theproblem and solution and divides them.

For Example :

In my opinion some problems with college are that it isgetting more expensive and many people cant afford it.Many students refuse to go because of the costs.

The solution for expensive college is community college oronly going to public colleges. Grants, Scholarships, themilitary and peace corps are ways to cut debt.

Organizing Ideas

Chronologically

Example of Organizing

Ideas Chronologically:

How to make toast

Buy bread

Put the bread in a toaster and heat

Spread butter on the bread

Enjoy your toast.

Organizing Ideas Spatially

Tips to get more done in class:

When you enter the class look around the chairs for

the best place you think you should sit. If you might

have to leave sometimes be near the door. If you might

need help staying on track like me I sit near the

front. Maybe the middle of the room is your favorite

place to sit .

Organizing Ideas TopicallyA speech that is made topically is a speech that has its points organized

into subtopics.

For example:

The founding of my space. Employees of a Internet marketing company founded my space.

Rise of popularity. My space quickly grew into a massive website opening the 100 millionth account in 2006 and was sold to fox for five hundred and eighty million dollars.

Face book competition. Almost as fast as it came up my space lost many clients and was overtaken by face books simpler and faster website.

Now, My space has millions of active users and was recently sold for 35 million dollars.

Arranging Ideas Spatially

To use spatial order you describe the setting in some order based on location.

An example would be walking into your mall and describing the atmosphere and directions to your favorite store.

You walk into the mall and in front of you see the Macys and to the left of that you see that if you walk down further after you pass the food court on the right your favorite store will be there.