Team Dynamics

and Leadership

Chapter 1Chapter 133

TeamworkTeamwork involves working together to achieve something beyond the capabilities of individuals working alone.

Introduction (1 of 2)

Much of the work in organizations is completed through teamwork

Effective team members behave differently than ineffective members

Understanding group process can improve your team behavior and performance

The foundation of team performance is interpersonal skills

Introduction (2 of 2)

Organizations expect teams to achieve higher levels of performance in less time with fewer resources

Firms need to select team leaders and members who have the balance of technical and interpersonal skills

The Team Performance Model

Team Performance is a function (f) of its structure, dynamics, and development:

To have high levels of performance team must: Have an effective structure for working together as a teamGood dynamic human relationsDevelop its ability to work as a team

Team PerformanceTeam Performance Team StructureTeam Structure Team DynamicsTeam DynamicsTeam DevelopmentTeam Development

StageStagef + +

Exhibit 12.1

Types of Teams

Formal GroupsSanctioned by the organization

Informal GroupsDeveloped spontaneously when members join

together voluntarily because of similar interest

Ongoing GroupsWithout ending or temporary discontinuing after

the objective is met

Formal Groups

Functional GroupsFormal ongoing teamsComprised of managers

and their employeesEach work unit /

department is a functional group

Some are called self-directed or self-managed because team leadership is shared

Task GroupsComprised of functional

team members who work on specific tasksWith members of other

functional teamsCommonly cross-

functionalOften called committees

Ad hoc committee or task force

Standing committee

Team Structure Components

Team structure components affecting

behavior, human relations, and group

performance

Leadership Composition

ConflictProblem Solving and Decision Making

Exhibit 12.2

Team Dynamics

Refers to the patterns of interactions that emerge as groups develop

Also called group process

Team success is dependent upon the process team members use to interact with each other to accomplish work

Components of Team Dynamics

Objectives

Size

Norms

Cohesiveness

Status

Roles

RidiculeRidicule OstracismOstracism

SabotageSabotage PhysicalPhysicalAbuseAbuse

How Teams Enforce Norms

Components of Team Dynamics: Summary

Effective groups should have:Clear objectives with agreement and commitment to those

objectives by its membersAppropriate group size to achieve its objectivesPositive normsCohesivenessStatus congruenceMembers who play task and maintenance roles while

minimizing self-interest roles

Team Development

Team development affects team dynamics, satisfaction, effort, and performance

All teams are unique with dynamics that change over time

OrientationOrientation

DissatisfactionDissatisfaction

ResolutionResolution

ProductionProduction

TerminationTermination

Team Development Stages

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(1)

Group Situational Supervision

Group Development Stage (D)Low Development (D-1)

High commitment / low competenceModerate Development (D-2)

Low commitment / some competence

High Development (D-3) Variable commitment / high

competenceOutstanding Development (D-4)

High commitment / high competence

Supervisory Styles/Roles (S)Autocratic (S-A)

High task / low maintenance

Consultative (S-C) High task / high maintenance

Participative (S-P) Low task / high maintenance

Laissez-Faire (S-L)

Low task / low maintenance

Meeting Leadership Skills

Planning MeetingsPlanning Meetings

Conducting Conducting MeetingsMeetings

Handling Team Handling Team Problem MembersProblem Members

The success or failure of meetings rests primarily with the leader and interpersonal communications

Planning Meetings

ObjectivesParticipants and assignmentsAgendaDate, time, and placeLeadershipThe written plan

Conducting Meetings

First meeting: orientation stageThree parts of the meeting:

ObjectivesAgendaSummarize and review assignments

Leadership, group structure and dynamics, and emotions

Handling Team Problem Members

Some of the problem members in a team are: The silent memberThe talkerThe wandererThe bored memberThe arguer

Global Team Differences

Level of teamwork variesAsian countries (including Japan):

teamwork is considered very important leadership and decision making are participativegroup composition is not very diversified with

shared norms and cohesiveness less conflict than within the U.S. and many

European countriesU.S. and many European countries:

there are fewer status differences