Teaching Japanese: Teaching Japanese: Goal-Oriented MethodGoal-Oriented Method

Miyuki SawadaMiyuki SawadaNKNUNKNU

Email:msawada88@hotmail.comEmail:msawada88@hotmail.com11

Goal oriented, top-down Goal oriented, top-down Japanese teachingJapanese teaching

Students should be aware of the goal.Students should be aware of the goal. All situations have to be natural, in All situations have to be natural, in

contact situation contact situation (between TW-JP).(between TW-JP). Emphases: Emphases:

Culture Culture

Communication skills Communication skills for for learnerslearners

Learners’ strategiesLearners’ strategies 22

Contact SituationContact Situation

Neustupný, JiřNeustupný, Jiříí (Monash University, AUS, (Monash University, AUS, 1990)1990)

AUS meet JAP in AUSAUS meet JAP in AUS: developing the : developing the friendship, showing Melbourne, doing friendship, showing Melbourne, doing activitiesactivities

(cf.(cf. 宮崎里司宮崎里司 , J. V. , J. V. ネウストプニー ネウストプニー 1999)1999)

Natural, learnersNatural, learners’’ strategies (cf. Oxford strategies (cf. Oxford 1990), goal-oriented, top-down, 1990), goal-oriented, top-down, minimum grammarminimum grammar 33

AUS vs. TW studentsAUS vs. TW students

AUSAUS vs. vs. TWTW PolitenessPoliteness vs. vs. grammargrammarNo silenceNo silence vs. vs. silencesilenceEnglish English vs. vs. Ch, Tw, EngCh, Tw, Eng, ,

etc.etc.

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Japanese as minor at English Dept. Japanese as minor at English Dept. NKNUNKNU

(100min/wk)(100min/wk)0909 Japanese IJapanese I (45 students) (45 students)

11stst yr yr, , goal-orientedgoal-oriented

Goals: Goals: talking to Jap, expressing talking to Jap, expressing themselves, shopping in Jap themselves, shopping in Jap

Goal-oriented method: Goal-oriented method: Situation, Situation, function, culture, polite, QAQ, function, culture, polite, QAQ, communication strategies, no silence, communication strategies, no silence, no Chinese. no Chinese. 55

TextbookTextbook

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77

88

99

1010

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Japanese I Japanese I (100min/week from Sep (100min/week from Sep 09)09)

Week1-3 Week1-3 Japanese alphabetJapanese alphabet

Week4-7Week4-7 U 1, U2U 1, U2

Week 9 Week 9 revisionrevision

Week 10 Week 10 mid-term exammid-term exam

Week 12-13 Week 12-13 Oral examOral exam

Week 14Week 14 U2U2

Week 15Week 15 U3U3 1313

Monash UMonash UJapanese I Japanese I (6hrs/week)(6hrs/week)

Week1-3 Week1-3 U 1, U2, U 3U 1, U2, U 3

Week4Week4 Oral examOral exam

No Japanese alphabet in the No Japanese alphabet in the textbook (from the 2textbook (from the 2ndnd year) year)

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Japanese I Japanese I (100min/week from Sep (100min/week from Sep 09)09)

Week1-3 Week1-3 Japanese alphabetJapanese alphabet

Week4-7Week4-7 U 1, U2U 1, U2

Week 9 Week 9 revisionrevision

Week 10 Week 10 mid-term exammid-term exam

Week 12-13 Week 12-13 Oral examOral exam

Week 14Week 14 U2U2

Week 15Week 15 U3U3 1515

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ApplicationApplication

XXXX は？は？ (What is XX?)(What is XX?)

電話番号は電話番号は (Your(Your phone number phone number?)?)お名前はお名前は (Your(Your name name?)?)--------メールアドレスはメールアドレスは (your(your email email addressaddress?)?)出身は出身は (where are (where are you fromyou from?)?)趣味は趣味は (what is your (what is your hobbyhobby?)?)鈴木さんは鈴木さんは (What about (What about youyou?)?) 1818

Conversation strategiesConversation strategies

QAQQAQ pattern (conversation pattern (conversation chain)chain)

J: QJ: Q

T: AT: A, , XXXX さんは？（さんは？（ what about what about you?you? ））

J: AJ: A1919

Conversation strategiesConversation strategies

Good responses (to develop the Good responses (to develop the relation)relation)

へー。そうですか。いいですね。へー。そうですか。いいですね。 こんど　いっしょこんど　いっしょ

じゃあ、今度一緒に。じゃあ、今度一緒に。うん、うん。すごいですね。ほんとに。うん、うん。すごいですね。ほんとに。Smile! Smile! No silence (over 15 sec)No silence (over 15 sec)

A good listener is attractive.A good listener is attractive.2020

DialogueDialogue

J: J: はじめまして。鈴木です。ＮＥＣの社員です。どうぞよろしはじめまして。鈴木です。ＮＥＣの社員です。どうぞよろしくお願いします。くお願いします。

T:T: 　陳です。こちらこそよろしくお願いします。高雄師範大学　陳です。こちらこそよろしくお願いします。高雄師範大学の学生です。の学生です。

Ｊ：Ｊ：出身は出身は？？ ((hometownhometown))

Ｔ：Ｔ：高雄です。高雄です。鈴木さんは鈴木さんは？？ ((asking backasking back))

Ｊ：Ｊ：東京です。陳さん、東京です。陳さん、趣味は趣味は？？ ((hobbyhobby))

Ｔ：Ｔ：食べ歩き食べ歩きです。鈴木さんはです。鈴木さんは？？ ((Japanese favorite in Japanese favorite in TWTW))

Ｊ：Ｊ：一緒です。じゃあ、今度一緒に一緒です。じゃあ、今度一緒に。。 ((agreement, agreement, invitationinvitation))

Ｔ：Ｔ：いいですねいいですね。 。 ((agreementagreement))

Ｊ：陳さん、Ｊ：陳さん、メールアドレスはメールアドレスは？？ ((contact info, not contact info, not phonephone))

Ｔ：Ｔ： m saw ada88@ hotm ail.com です。です。Ｊ： Ｊ： m saw ada88@ hotm ail.com ですね。ですね。 ((confirmationconfirmation))

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StrategiesStrategies in Japanese in JapaneseHesitationHesitation::

えーえー。。 UmmUmm…… （（ to avoid silence)to avoid silence)Asking to repeatAsking to repeat::

すみません、もう一回すみません、もう一回。。 Please say it again.Please say it again.Asking translationAsking translation::

日本語・英語で何ですか日本語・英語で何ですか。。 What is xxx in What is xxx in Jap/in Eng?Jap/in Eng?

Asking to write it downAsking to write it down..書いてください書いてください。。 Could you write it down? Could you write it down? 書いてもいいですか書いてもいいですか。。 Can I write it down?Can I write it down?

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Culture Issues > GrammarCulture Issues > Grammar

BowBow

In and Out In and Out うち、そとうち、そとNumbersNumbers

Be polite!Be polite! 2323

Bow Bow おじぎおじぎ

Don’t stick out Don’t stick out

your hips.your hips.

Don’t shrugDon’t shrug

your shoulders.your shoulders.

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In and Out In and Out うち、そとうち、そと

✘✘ はじめまして。はじめまして。陳さん陳さんです。です。✔✔はじめまして。はじめまして。陳陳です。です。

✘✘ 私の私のお母さんお母さんは先生です。は先生です。 ✔✔私の私の母母は先生です。は先生です。

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NumbersNumbers

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Only OneOnly One

Q: A Japanese hair saloon Q: A Japanese hair saloon ordered 1,000 brushes. A ordered 1,000 brushes. A factory in Taiwan made 1,000 factory in Taiwan made 1,000 which were usable, but the which were usable, but the saloon rejected 200. Why?saloon rejected 200. Why?

A: One person needs one A: One person needs one brush. Every one of them has brush. Every one of them has to be perfect. to be perfect. QC is important.QC is important.

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Two to Four weeks in Two to Four weeks in advanceadvance

Q: if you want to invite me for a Q: if you want to invite me for a Christmas party, when do you Christmas party, when do you have to tell me?have to tell me?

A: 2-4 weeks in advance. Earlier A: 2-4 weeks in advance. Earlier is better. is better.

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Ten minutes earlierTen minutes earlier

Q: Suppose we meet up at Q: Suppose we meet up at 池袋 池袋 Station at 7pm. What time do Station at 7pm. What time do you have to turn up?you have to turn up?

A: 6:50pm.A: 6:50pm.

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Five Minutes lateFive Minutes late

Q: I invite you to come to my Q: I invite you to come to my house at 2pm. What time do house at 2pm. What time do you show up?you show up?

A: 2:05pm. If you don’t turn up A: 2:05pm. If you don’t turn up by 2:10pm, I think you get lost, by 2:10pm, I think you get lost, I may phone you.I may phone you.

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Around 3Around 3

Q: When Japanese want to buy 3 Q: When Japanese want to buy 3 apples, what will they say?apples, what will they say?

A: It is not always the case, but A: It is not always the case, but they may say:they may say:

Ringo-wo 3tsu Ringo-wo 3tsu guraigurai kudasai.kudasai.

Apple-obje 3 around pleaseApple-obje 3 around please

‘‘Please give me around 3 apples’Please give me around 3 apples’

They don’t want to sound fussy.They don’t want to sound fussy.3131

Don’t ask!Don’t ask!

Q: If you want to know my salary, Q: If you want to know my salary, age, weight, etc. who do you ask?age, weight, etc. who do you ask?

A: Don’t ask me about numbers. A: Don’t ask me about numbers. We want to keep secrets. If you We want to keep secrets. If you want to know about those, ask want to know about those, ask someone who knows me.someone who knows me.

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おしまいおしまい　　　　　　　　

日本語学習を楽しんでください日本語学習を楽しんでください

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ReferenceReference

宮崎里司宮崎里司 , J. V. , J. V. ネウストプニー ネウストプニー 1999.1999. 日本語教育と日本語教育と日本語学習 日本語学習 : : 学習ストラテジー論にむけて学習ストラテジー論にむけて 東京 東京 : : くろしくろしお出版 お出版 ..

Sawada, Miyuki.2003. Sawada, Miyuki.2003. ““What can a linguist say What can a linguist say about Japanese tense in a conversation class? about Japanese tense in a conversation class? Foreign language teaching and the descriptive Foreign language teaching and the descriptive aspect of grammarsaspect of grammars””, in , in the proceedings of the 2003 the proceedings of the 2003 International Conference & Workshop on TEFL & International Conference & Workshop on TEFL & Applied LinguisticsApplied Linguistics. Crane Publishing Co., Ltd. pp. . Crane Publishing Co., Ltd. pp. 312-16.312-16.

Oxford, Rebecca. 1990Oxford, Rebecca. 1990.. Language Learning Language Learning Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know.Strategies: What Every Teacher Should Know. Boston, Mass.: Heinle & HeinleBoston, Mass.: Heinle & Heinle 3434