Teaching GrammarETM 3

Today’s Menu1. What is a structure?2. What are techniques for presenting a

structure?3. Ways of organized a grammar focused lesson:

PPP vs. TBLT

Structures

What is a structure?

Answer: • Using one structure, we can make many different

sentences. So, if students learn the main structures of English, it will help them greatly to speak or write the language.

I’d like to（Sunshine 2, p.60)

eat pizza tonight.live some place warm like Hawaii.go home now.

StructuresThree key things to teach

Form: How is it made?• I’d like+to 動詞Meaning*: What does it mean?~したいUse*: When do we use it?a) When we want to tell someone what we want to do in a

polite way. (I’d like to eat pizza tonight.)b) When we are telling someone our wishes for the future

that could possibly happen. (I’d like to live some place warm like Hawaii.)

*Often meaning and use can be taught together.

Structures

• Look at the following structures. Tell me their form, meaning, and use and please make a table.

• Shall I open the window? (Sunshine 2)• I used to live in the country. (Sunshine 3)• She’s writing a letter.

Shall

Form:Shall I + verbMeaning + Use:Offer to do something nice for someone

（Sunshine 2, p.34 has “shall we”)

Shall I*get you some tea?put on some music?tell Mr. Unher you will be late for class?

Used toForm:used to+ verbMeaning :Explains past habits or long term situationsUse:When talking about a past situation or what you would do in the past.

I used to*have a crush on Amuro Namie.eat cereal for breakfast every day. be a bad student.

is ~ingForm:is + ing verbMeaning :現在起こっている動作を表す。

Use:When talking about what someone is doing now or talking about a plan that will happen.

James’s*crying right now, because of his girl trouble.playing softball with his friends.Singing karaoke tonight with his friends.

How to Show the Meaning/Use of a Structure

Show the meaning visually1. Use objects2. Show the meaning using the blackboard.

Show the meaning and use through a situationEx. Talking about one’s childhood for “used to”Hint: Give several situations to show the use. Then, ask students if they can think of a situations.

Ways of Showing Meaning

Ways of presenting a Structure

Here are a teacher’s notes for presenting a structure. In what order should these steps be?

Possible order for presenting a structure

1. Draw the picture and give an example.2. Give a model and ask the students to repeat.3. Ask individual students to repeat the

sentence.4. Write (or post) the sentence on the board.5. Explain how the structure is formed.6. Ask the class to copy the sentence.7. Give other situations and examples.

How would you present the following?