Teach 5a mindfulness
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Transcript of Teach 5a mindfulness
WHAT IS MINDFULNESS?
Theory effectiveness
OUTCOME STUDIES
The literature on effects of mindfulness training contains many methodological weaknesses,
Mindfulness interventions may improve pain, stress, anxiety, depressive relapse, and disordered eating (e.g., Kabat-Zinn, 1982; Kabat-Zinn et al., 1992; Kristeller & Hallett, 1999; Shapiro, Schwartz, & Bonner, 1998; Teasdale et al., 2000).
Mindfulness Training as a Clinical Intervention: A Conceptual and Empirical Review by Ruth A. Baer
SOME THEORY Grant, J. A., J. Courtemanche, et al. (2011). Meditative practice, has been associated
with pain reduction, low pain sensitivity, chronic pain improvement, and thickness of pain-related cortices.
Zen meditation is more akin to 'no appraisal' than 'reappraisal'. This implies the cognitive evaluation of pain may be involved in the pain-related effects observed in meditators.
"A non-elaborative mental stance and decoupling of executive and pain-related cortices predicts low pain sensitivity in Zen meditators." Pain 152(1): 150-156.
THE PIGEON AND THE COWBOY
WAYS TO BE UNMINDFUL Ruminations re past
(if only, guilt, shame, anger, hatred, revenge
WAYS TO BE UNMINDFUL Ruminations re present
(I wish) EnvyBitternessdiscontent I can’tI don’tI won’t
WAYS TO BE UNMINDFUL Ruminations re future
(what if?) Negative predictionsCatastrophising AnxietyHopelessness
MINDFULNESS IS NOT
Relaxation Distraction Feeling better
EXPERIENCING THE PRESENT: WAYS TO BE MINDFUL
Turning the mind Accepting the present Observing Describing Participating Non-judgemental stance Wise Mind
WISE MIND
Wise MindEmotion
al Mind
RationalMind
WHEN ACCEPTANCE IS BETTER THAN CHANGE: when trying to change it makes it worse;
when it can’t be changed
COGNITIVE AVOIDANCE Thought Suppression
The Green Rabbit
Chocolate: Behavioural Rebound
Distress tolerance (mindful focus)
HOW TO STOP BANGING YOUR HEAD ON A BRICK WALL
Client avoidance
client resistance
see saw
ALTERNATIVES TO YOUR USUAL TREATMENT PRACTICE
Therapist mindfulness accepting one’s own emotions and urges
REASONS TO BE MINDFUL 1,2,31. reduce avoidance
2. empower client
3. empower/relieve/relax therapist
BEHAVING MINDFULLY
1 Non-judgmental stance
Identifying judgments in your clients’ perspectives:
Shoulds, oughts
rephrasing non judgmentally
2 OBSERVING AND DESCRIBING
Say it just as it is: I can’t, it won’t work, it’s impossible, re-phrasing realistically
3 PARTICIPATING
Committing to action in parallel to pain
4 STAYING IN THE MOMENT
Turning the mind from past/present/future rumination
REASONS TO BE MINDFUL 1,2,3
1. to act your values2. to achieve your goals3. to do what works (be
effective)
HOW TO INTRODUCE MINDFULNESS TO CLIENTS Mindfulness metaphors,
relate these to particular client circumstances
IN-SESSION AND OUT OF SESSION PRACTICE Targeting when and how to be
mindful
setting ‘homework’ mindfulness tasks
reminding and re-phrasing
USING MINDFULNESS IN CHALLENGING SITUATIONS Convincing clients not to judge success by ‘feeling better’
Managing crises: mindful breathing
Mindful observation
BUILDING MINDFULNESS INTO CLIENTS’ EVERYDAY LIVES
Practising skills in all different settings, the mindfulness habit
MINDFULNESS IN DBT Taught as part of skills training Practise in individual therapy:
At beginning and/or end of sessions
As coping skill e.g. during exposure work
As attitude /stance towards doing hard things (acceptance)