ROLE OF OBJECTIVES IN EDUCATIONAL

EVALUATION

ROLE OF OBJECTIVES IN EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION

→ “OBJECTIVE IS A POINT OF THE POSSIBLE ACHIEVEMENT OF A STUDENT IS TO BE ABLE TO DO WHEN THE WHOLE EDUCATION SYSTEM IS DIRECTED TO HIM.”

→ “OBJECTIVE CAN BE ACHIEVED.”

→ “OBJECTIVES ORIGINATE FROM AIMS.”

→ “OBJECTIVES ARE SPECIFIC AND BECOME MEANINGFUL.”

→ “OBJECTIVES ARE DIFFERENT FROM CLASS TO CLASS, COURSE TO COURSE AND INSTITUTION TO INSTITUTION.”

BENEFITS OF OBJECTIVES1.THE PUPILS ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE.2.THE PUPILS UNDERSTAND CULTURE.3.THE PUPILS APPLY KNOWLEDGE. 4.THE PUPILS DEVELOP SKILLS.

WHY STATE EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES→ “OBJECTIVE IS A POINT OF SPECIFIC

DIRECTION.”→ “OBJECTIVES HELP THE TEACHER IN

PLANNING AND GUIDE THE STUDENTS.”→ “STUDENTS AND TEACHERS HAVE CLEAR

IDEA/CONCEPT.”SOURCES OF OBJECTIVES1. PHILOSOPHY OF A NATION2. THE NEED OF A NATION3. THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT4. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL NEED OF A STUDENT

TAXONOMY OF OBJECTIVESTAXONOMY IS A METHOD OF SEQUENTIAL CLASSIFICATION IN PROGRESS TO HIGHER LEVEL.1. COGNITIVE DOMAIN2. AFFECTIVE DOMAIN3. PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN

COGNITIVE DOMAIN (RELATED TO OUR HEAD/MENTAL LEVEL)

THE COGNITIVE DOMAIN INCLUDES THOSE OBJECTIVES WHICH DEAL WITH THE RECALL OR RECOGNITION OF KNOWLEDGE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ABILITIES AND SKILLS.

TAXONOMY OF EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE OF COGNITIVE DOMAIN ACCORDING TO BLOOM (1956) IS AS UNDER:

1. KNOWLEDGE: IT IS THE ABILITY TO MEMORIES THE INFORMATION PRESENTED EARLIER. (DEFINE STATE, LIST, NAME, WRITE, RECALL ETC.)

2. COMPREHENSION: IT IS THE ABILITY TO RESTATE THE INFORMATION (IDENTIFY, SELECT, EXPLAIN, FIND ETC.)

3. ANALYSIS: THE ABILITY TO DIVIDE COMPLEX KNOWLEDGE (ANALYZE, CONCLUDE, CRITICIZE,

SEPARATE ETC.)4. SYNTHESIS: THE ABILITY TO BRING COLLECTIVE

MATERIAL, SEPARATE THEM AND FORM AGAIN

INTO A NEW SHAPE/PATTERN (COMBINE, RESTATE, SUMMARIES, PRECISE ETC.)

5. EVALUATION: THE ABILITY TO MAKE QUALITY JUDGMENT: (JUDGE, EVALUATE, SUPPORT ETC.

AFFECTIVE DOMAIN (RELATED TO OUR HEART/ACTIONS)

THESE OBJECTIVES CONCERN WITH ATTITUDES, APPRECIATIONS, VALUES AND ALL EMOTIONS LIKE ENJOYING AND RESPECTING ETC.

KRATHWOHL (1964) HAS ORGANIZED THE AFFECTIVE DOMAIN INTO FIVE LEVELS.

1. RECEIVING: RECEIVING STIMULI AND PASSIVELY ATTENDING TO IT.

(LISTEN, ACCEPT, BE AWARE ETC.) 2. RESPONDING: WILLING TO REACT THROUGH SOME

FORM OF PARTICIPATION. (ANSWER, COMPLETE, RECORD ETC.) 3. VALUING: WILLING TO ACCEPT AN EVENT

THROUGH EXPRESSION OF A POSITIVE ATTITUDE. (INCREASE, INDICATE, DECIDE ETC.) 4. ORGANIZATION: WHEN ENCOURAGE TO SOMEONE

AND HE WILLING TO ORGANIZE THE VALUES. (ORGANIZE, ASSOCIATE, RELATE ETC) 5. CHARACTERIZATION: THE PERMANENT VALUES OF

A STUDENT: (REVISE, CHANGE, FACE, DECIDE ETC.)

PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN(RELATED TO OUR HANDS/SKILLS)

THESE OBJECTIVES DEAL WITH MANUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS.

HARROW (1972) CLASSIFIED THE PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN AS UNDER:

1. REFLEX MOVEMENTS: THESE ARE MUSCLE RESPONSES AND NOT LEARNT.

(BEND, STRETCH ARMS AND LEGS ETC.)2. FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENTS: THESE BUILD

UPON REFLEX MOVEMENTS AND ARE BASIC PSYCHOMOTOR ACTIVITIES. (WALK, JUMP, RUN ETC.)

3. PERCEPTUAL ABILITIES: THESE ABILITIES REQUIRE A MOVEMENT FOR ADJUSTMENT.

(CATCH/KICK A BALL, PERFORM A DANCE, ALSO MOVE EYES WHEN TALKING)

4. PHYSICAL ABILITIES: THESE ARE STRONG AND FLEXIBILITY MOVEMENTS:

(MAKE QUICK MOTIONS, MOVING A HEAVY OBJECT ETC.)

5. SKILLED MOVEMENTS: PRACTICING SO MUCH THAT CAN PERFORM COMPLEX ACTION EFFICIENTLY

(PLAY A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT, OPERATE A

VEHICLE ETC)

6. NON DISCURSIVE COMMUNICATION: PHYSICAL MOVEMENTS THAT COMMUNICATE FEELINGS:

(FACIAL EXPRESSION, ACTING IN A DRAMA/MOVIE ETC)

CLASSIFICATION OF OBJECTIVES

1. ABILITY BASED CLASSIFICATION2. TIMEBASED CLASSIFICATION3. NATURE O ACHIEVEMENT BASED

OBJECTIVES4. BEHAVIOUR BASED OBJECTIVES

1. ABILITY BASED CLASSIFICATION

A. OBJECTIVES OF THE COGNITIVE DOMAIN:

1. THE PUPIL ACQUIRES KNOWLEDGE OF: (THE PARTS OF A FLOWER/THE TERM RELATED TO PROFIT/LOSS)

2. THE PUPIL DEVELOPS AND UNDERSTANDING: (THE PROPERTIES OF RIGHT ANGLES TRIANGLE, THE LAWS OF MOTION)

3. THE PUPIL COMPREHENDS (THE GIVEN PASSAGE IN ENGLISH)

4. THE PUPIL APPLIES HIS KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: (TO BRING OUT THE IDEAS AND EMOTIONS OF THE GIVEN POEM

5. THE PUPIL DEVELOPS A SKILL: (READING OF LOGARITHM TABLES/MEASURE BOILING/MELTING POINT OF WATER)

B. OBJECTIVES OF AFFECTIVE DOMAIN:1. THE PUPIL DEVELOPS INTEREST IN:

(LANGUAGE, POEMS/READING AND AUTOBIOGRAPHY ETC)

2. THE PUPIL DEVELOPS ATTITUDES (SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIAL)

3. THE PUPIL APPRECIATES (THE BEAUTY OF RAINBOW ETC.)

OBJECTIVES OF THE PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN:1. THE PUPIL DEVELOPS SKILLS IN (PREPARING

MODELS/CHARTS, CAN SEE THE PARAMECIUM THROUGH A MICROSCOPE)

2. THE PUPIL EXPRESSES (IDEAS IN WRITING WITH CORRECT PUNCTUATION)

2. TIME BASED CLASSIFICATIONA. SHORT RANGED OBJECTIVES

1. THE PUPIL ACQUIRES KNOWLEDGE.2. THE PUPIL DEVELOPS UNDERSTANDING.3. THE PUPIL COMPREHENDS4. THE PUPIL APPLIES HIS KNOWLEDGE.5. THE PUPIL DEVELOPS HIS SKILLS.6. THE PUPIL EXPRESSES.

B. LONG RANGED OBJECTIVES1. THE PUPIL DEVELOPS HIS INTERESTS.2. THE PUPIL DEVELOPS HIS ATTITUDE.3. THE PUPIL APPRECIATES.

3. NATURE OF ACHIEVEMENT OBJECTIVESA. CLASS ROOM INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

THE OBJECTIVES WHICH ARE ACHIEVED THROUGH DIFFERENT METHODS AND APPROACHES IN THE CLASS ROOM ARE KNOWN AS CLASS ROOM INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES. COGNITIVE AND PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN COME UNDER THIS CATEGORY.

B. PERSONALITY OBJECTIVESTHE OBJECTIVES THAT LEAD TO COMMON AIM OF EDUCATION I.E. THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY ARE KNOWN AS PERSONALITY OBJECTIVES. THE OBJECTIVE OF AFFECTIVE DOMAIN VISE INTEREST, ATTITUDES AND APPRECIATIONS COME UNDER THIS CATEGORY.

3. BEHAVIORAL BASED OBJECTIVESA. NON BEHAVIORAL OR GENERAL OBJECTIVESGENERAL LEVEL OBJECTIVES ARE KNOWN NON

BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES1. THE OBJECTIVE OF EDUCATION FOR DEMOCRACY

2. TO UNDERSTAND INTERNATIONAL DEPENDENCE ETC.

3. TO DEVELOP INTERNATIONAL UNDERSTANDING OF PAKISTAN.

4. TO DEVELOP RIGHT ATTITUDES OF FAMILY PLANNING.

B. BEHAVIORAL OR SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

THOSE OBJECTIVES WHICH ARE STATED AT A VERY SPECIFIC LEVEL ARE KNOWN AS SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES. THEY ARE ALSO KNOWN SPECIFICATION.

1. THE PUPIL ADDS ALL THE COMBINATION OF SINGLE DIGIT NUMBERS.

2. THE PUPIL POINTS OUT THE FIGURES OF SPEECH IN A GIVEN PARAGRAPH.