TAR1 Chapter 17 Use this one! 4-13-16 - 8th Grade US...
120
Presentation Plus! The American Republic To 1877 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Developed by FSCreations, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Send all inquiries to: GLENCOE DIVISION Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240
Transcript of TAR1 Chapter 17 Use this one! 4-13-16 - 8th Grade US...
Presentation Plus! The American Republic To 1877 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Developed by FSCreations, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
Send all inquiries to:
GLENCOE DIVISION Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240
Chapter Introduction
Section 1 The Two Sides
Section 2 Early Years of the War
Section 3 A Call for Freedom
Section 4 Life During the Civil War
Section 5 The Way to Victory
Chapter Summary
Chapter Assessment
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.
Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.
Chapter Objectives
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
• Explain why the border states played an important part in the war. ß
• Compare Northern and Southern populations, industries, resources, and war aims.
Section 1: The Two Sides
Chapter Objectives
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
• Identify Northern and Southern successes and failures in the early years of the war. ß
• Explain how the North’s naval blockade hurt the South.
Section 2: Early Years of the War
Chapter Objectives
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
• Describe why Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. ß
• Understand the role that African Americans played in the Civil War.
Section 3: A Call for Freedom
Chapter Objectives
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
• Describe what life was like for soldiers during the Civil War. ß
• Identify the role that women played in the war. ß • Compare how the war affected the economies
of the North and the South.
Section 4: Life During the Civil War
Chapter Objectives
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
• Identify the battles that turned the tide of the war in 1863. ß
• Cite the events that led to the South’s surrender in 1865.
Section 5: The Way to Victory
Why It MattersThe Civil War–a war in which Americans fought other Americans–transformed the United States. It shattered the economy of the South while contributing to the rapid economic growth of the North and the West. African Americans gained freedom when slavery was abolished, but the war left a legacy of bitterness between North and South that lasted for generations.
The Impact Today
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Key events during this era still shape our lives today. For example: ß
• The institution of slavery was abolished. ß • The war established the power of the
federal government over the states.
Guide to Reading
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Both the North and the South had strengths and weaknesses that helped determine their military strategies. ß
• border state ß
Main Idea
Key Terms
• blockade ß • offensive ß
• Rebel ß • Yankee
Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.
Confederate soldier, 1861
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Two Very Different Sides 1. 11 Confederate states (April 1861)—Georgia,
South Carolina, North Carolina, Louisiana, Arkansas, Alabama, Texas, Virginia, Florida Tennessee and Mississippi. (Capital=Richmond, Virginia)
2. Border states of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware remained in the Union. West Virginia joined the Union in 1863.
3. 22 Union states. (Capital=Washington D.C.) 4. The two capitals were separated by only 100
miles.
(pages 460–462)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Two Very Different Sides 1. Northern advantages: A. A larger population. B. Larger industry and resources. C. Better banking system. D. Larger navy E. Larger and more efficient railway system. F. Abe Lincoln’s dedication, skills, intelligence and his humanity.
2. Northern disadvantages: A. Capture and maintain the South.
B. The Southern desire to win.
(pages 462–463)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Two Very Different Sides (cont.) 3. Southern advantages: A. Support of the white population in the South. B. Familiar terrain (homeland) C. Superior leadership initially. (Robert. E. Lee)
4. Southern disadvantages: A. Smaller population B. Fewer factories and resources. C. Railway system was poor. D. State rights limited a strong central government.
(pages 462–463)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Two Very Different Sides (cont.) 5. War goals were different: A. North 1.) Bring the South back into the Union. 2.) Eventually end slavery. B. South 1.) Win recognition as an independent nation.
2.) Preserve their way of life. (state rights)
(pages 462–463)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Two Very Different Sides (cont.) 6. Strategy: A. North= 3 part plan ( Anaconda Plan ) 1.) Blockade southern seaports 2.) Gain control of the Mississippi River and cutoff Confederate supply lines. 3.) Capture Richmond, Virginia the Confderatate capital. (demoralizing) B. South 1.) Defensive war. (wear out the North) 2.) Gain European allies. 3.) Occasional attack into the North-Wash. D.C.
(pages 462–463)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
American Against American 1. American versus American.( Aver. Age=25 ) 2. North = Union or Yankees ( 2:1 ratio ) 3. South = Confederate or Rebel 4. Most African Americans sided with the Union. 5. Both sides expected a quick victory. ( disillusioned )
(pages 463–464)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Checking for Understanding
__ 1. Confederate soldier, so called because of opposition to the established government
__ 2. position of attacking or the attack itself
__ 3. a state between the North and the South that was divided over whether to stay in the Union or join the Confederacy
__ 4. Union soldier __ 5. to cut off an area by means of troops or warships to
stop supplies or people from coming in or going out; to close off a country’s ports
A. border state B. blockade C. offensive D. Rebel E. Yankee
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.
D
C
A
EB
Guide to Reading
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Neither the Union nor the Confederate forces gained a strong advantage during the early years of the war. ß
• Tributaryß
Main Idea
Key Terms
• Ironclad • Casualty • Emancipation
Proclamation
Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.
Civil War cannon
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
War on Land and Sea 1. Southern victory at Manassas, Virginia. ( Bull
Run Creek ) 2. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson rallies the
southern troops and the Union retreated in panic.
(pages 466–467)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
War on Land and Sea (cont.) 1. Union blockade cutoff 2/3’s of the Southern
trade. 2. New Era of naval warfare began= ironclad
ships----Monitor ( Union ) versus the Merrimack ( Confederate ) ( Virginia ).
(pages 467–468)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
War in the West
(pages 468–469)
1. The main goal of the North was to gain control of the Mississippi and Tennessee Rivers.
2. Union victories included FT. Henry and Ft. Donelson.
3. Shiloh was very costly ( U.S. Grant ). 4. The Union victory at New Orleans ( David
Farragut ) was a huge advantage for the North for gaining control of the Mississippi River.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
War in the East 1. Union= major disadvantage---Southern
strategy was very successful. A. 7 Days Battle=Union defeat B. 2nd Battle of Bull Run=Union loss C. Battle of Antietam=draw ( bloodiest single day of fighting ) = led to the Emancipation Proclamation.
(pages 469–472)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Emancipation1. North’s #1 goal was to preserve the Union. 2. On January 1st, 1863 Pres. Lincoln added a
secondary goal to free the slaves. ( Eman. Proc. )
3. Proclamation effects included: A. Only freed slaves in states that were in rebellion against the Union. ( 13th Amendment – 1865 ) B. Britain and France opposed slavery, so they with- held recognition of the South as a country.
C. African Americans approved of the decree.
(pages 473–476)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Checking for Understanding
__ 1. armored naval vessel __ 2. a military person killed,
wounded, or captured __ 3. ship that sails into and out of a
blockaded area
A. blockade runner B. ironclad C. casualty
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.
BC
A
Guide to Reading
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
The Civil War provided opportunities for African Americans to contribute to the war effort. ß
• Draft • Habeas Corpus • Bounty
Main Idea
Key Terms
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
The Lives of Soldiers 1. Boredom, bad food, discomfort, sickness, fear
and the horrors of war were a fact if life for the soldiers.
2. Hunger, sickness, fear and a lack of supplies caused many soldiers to desert. ( 1/11 Union and 1/8 Confedrate.
(pages 478–479)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
1. During the war women took on new responsibilities: teachers, gov’t. workers, office workers, factory workers, managed farms and distributed food, clothing and medicine.
2. Life was much more disruptive for women in the South.
3. Some women were spies, while others dressed like men and fought: A. Harriet Tubman spied for the North.
B. Rose O’Neal Greenhow spied for the South. C. Bell Boyd was an informant for the South.
(pages 479–481)
Women and the War
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Women and the War (cont.)
(pages 479–481)
4. Nurses=Dorothea Dix, Clara Barton (Red Cross founder), and Sally Tompkins.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Opposition to the War 1. In the North the Peace Democrats
(Copperheads) opposed the war. ( Riots-NYC-Bad-July 1863 )
2. Habeas corpus was denied. 3. Volunteers declined in the North and the South
as the war continued. A. South passed a draft law in 1862 ( 18-35 yr. olds = 3 year enlistment) B. North offered bounties, but eventually also passed a draft law in March of 1863. ( Bounty Jumpers ) “ Rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight.”
(pages 481–482)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
1. Both sides financed the war by borrowing $, increasing taxes and printing paper $.
A. North borrowed $2,000,000,000 B. South borrowed $700,000,000 C. North instituted an income tax. D. Greenbacks ( Northern $ )
2. The Northern economy boomed even with inflation. Farmers prospered and factory production skyrocketed.
3. The Southern economy suffered due to the blockade, war torn communities and a poor factory system.
(pages 482–483)
War and the Economy
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Checking for Understanding
__ 1. to free from slavery __ 2. to give official approval to
A. emancipate B. ratify
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.
AB
Guide to Reading
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Civilians as well as soldiers had an impact on the war effort. ß
• Entrench • flank ß
Main Idea
Key Terms
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Southern Victories 1. The fighting in the east went quite well for the
South with victories at Fredericksburg, Virginia ( Lee vs. Burnside ) and at Chancellorsville, Virginia ( Lee vs. Hooker ).
2. Unfortunately General Robert E. Lee’s best commander Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson was killed by friendly fire at Chancellorsville.
(pages 485–486)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
African Americans in the War 1. Helped the war effort in both the North and the
South ( forced ). 2. In 1862 African Americans were allowed to
join the Union military. ( 10% army, 18% navy ) 3. White officers commanded African American
regiments. 4. The 54th Massachusetts was the most famous
African American regiment. ( Ft. Wagner 7/18/1863-Charleston, South Carolina )
(pages 476–477)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
1. The Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania ( 3 days- July 3rd, 4th and 5th, 1863 ) stopped the invasion of the South into the North.---turning point of the war---=“Gettysburg Address”
2. Simultaneously the Battle of Vicksburg, Miss. out west another Union victory gave the Union total control of the Mississippi River.---turning point of the war---
(pages 486–488)
The Tide of War Turns
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Checking for Understanding
__ 1. a piece of U.S. paper money first issued by the North during the Civil War
__ 2. the selection of persons for military service
__ 3. a continuous rise in the price of goods and services
__ 4. money given as a reward, such as to encourage enlistment in the army
__ 5. a legal order for an inquiry to determine whether a person has been lawfully imprisoned
A. habeas corpus B. draft C. bounty D. greenback E. inflation
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.
D
B
E
C
A
Guide to Reading
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
After four years of war that claimed the lives of more than 600,000 Americans, the Northern forces defeated the Southern forces. ß
• resistanceß
Main Idea
Key Terms
• total war
Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.
Confederate soldier
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
The Union Closes In1. U. S. Grant takes over total control of the
Army of the Potomac and will make a push to Richmond, Virginia. ( 3 times ) Union losses at the Battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Courthouse and Cold Harbor were many, but Grant just kept on coming.
2. The Union laid siege to Petersburg, Virginia just outside of Richmond in 1864. ( 9 months )
3. General Sherman’s Union Army of the West would advance deep into the South and crush the Confederates in Georgia and then move north.
(pages 488–490)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
The Union Closes In (con’t.) • A. Sherman’s “March to the Sea” from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia devastated the South as he burned everything is sight. B. Total war was declared. 4. Lincoln was re-elected to his 2nd term as president in November of 1864.
.
(pages 488–490)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
1. On April 2nd, 1865 the city of Richmond, Va. is evacuated and set a blaze by the Southerners.
2. On April 9th, 1865 Gen. Lee surrenders at McLean’s farm. ( Appomattox Courthouse, Va. )
3. Confederate forces in North Carolina surrendered to Gen. Sherman ( Union ) several days later.
4. Pres. Jefferson Davis of the Confederacy was captured on May 10th , 1865-----the war is over!!!!-------
(pages 490–491)
The War Ends
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
The War Ends (cont.) 5. Final Consequences: A. 600,000 soldiers dead plus countless numbers of wounded and lame soldiers and civilians. B. Billions of dollars worth of damage----mainly in the South. C. Bitter feelings between Northerners and Southerners which will last for many generations. D. The war freed millions of slaves.. E. Federal government was strengthened and became more powerful than the state govenments.
(pages 490–491)
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Checking for Understanding
__ 1. war on all aspects of the enemy’s life
__ 2. occupying a strong defensive position
A. entrenched B. total war
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.
B
A
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Checking for Understanding
__ 1. armored naval vessel __ 2. ship that sails into and out of a
blockaded area __ 3. position of attacking or the
attack itself __ 4. a legal order for an inquiry to
determine whether a person has been lawfully imprisoned
__ 5. the selection of persons for military service
A. blockade B. offensive C. ironclad D. blockade runner E. border states F. Union G. draft H. habeas corpus
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.
CD
B
H
G
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Checking for Understanding
__ 6. the states between the North and the South that were divided over whether to stay in the Union or join the Confederacy
__ 7. to cut off an area by means of troops or warships to stop supplies or people from coming in or going out
__ 8. the North
A. blockade B. offensive C. ironclad D. blockade runner E. border states F. Union G. draft H. habeas corpus
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.
E
A
F
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Reviewing Key Facts
What three advantages did the Confederate states have in the war?
The Confederate states had strong support of the white population, strong military leadership, and they were fighting a defensive war.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Reviewing Key Facts
Who were the presidents of the United States and of the Confederate States of America?
Abraham Lincoln was the president of the United States of America. Jefferson Davis was the president of the Confederate States of America.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Reviewing Key Facts
What was the outcome of the Battle of Gettysburg?
Union forces turned back Lee’s troops.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Reviewing Key Facts
In what ways did African Americans contribute to the war efforts?
African Americans served as soldiers, worked behind the lines in the military, and worked to support the South’s economy.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Reviewing Key Facts
What terms of surrender did Grant offer to Lee?
Confederate soldiers had to lay down their arms, but were free to return home.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Critical Thinking
Determining Cause and Effect Why was controlling the Mississippi River vital to the North and the South?
The Mississippi River was a main transportation route.
Critical Thinking
Making Inferences Why do you think General Lee was such an effective military leader?
He implemented bold plans, made good strategic moves, and had the respect of his men.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Geography and History ActivityStudy the map below and answer the questions on the following slides.
Geography and History Activity
Along what ridge were the Union troops positioned?
The Union troops were positioned along Cemetery Ridge.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Geography and History Activity
Who led forces across Rock Creek?
Ewell led forces across Rock Creek.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Geography and History Activity
What five Confederate commanders are shown?
Ewell, Hill, Lee, Longstreet, and Pickett are the five Confederate commanders shown.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Directions: Choose the best answer to the following question.
Test-Taking Tip Eliminate answers that don’t make sense. For example, Confederate forces, not Union forces, captured Fort Sumter. Therefore, choice A is incorrect.
By gaining control of the Mississippi and Tennessee rivers, the Union was able toA capture Fort Sumter. B force the Confederacy to surrender. C split the Confederacy. D defeat the Confederate forces at Gettysburg.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Standardized Test Practice
How was Jefferson Davis taken to prison?
He was taken to prison in a horse-drawn ambulance.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter.
Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to The American Republic to 1877 Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://tarvol1.glencoe.com
Johnny Reb and Billy Yank Northern troops called the Southern soldier Johnny Reb or Reb, after the term rebel. Southerners called the Northerners Billy Yank or Yankees.
The railroad was an integral part of the movement and preservation of field armies during the Civil War. A railcar mounted with a heavy cannon for bombardment of forts was first used during the Civil War.
“Stonewall” Jackson Hornets’ Nest
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.
Before the war General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson was an instructor at the Virginia Military Institute. In 1859 he commanded a contingent of V.M.I. cadets serving as guards at John Brown’s execution.
As the Union troops were driven back to the Tennessee River, they established a line along an area known as the Sunken Road. The Union forces withstood 12 attacks against this position. The area became known as the Hornets’ Nest because of the intensity of the gunfire and the grazing of bullets. Southern troops organized 62 artillery pieces to fire on the Hornets’ Nest, the largest concentration of artillery yet assembled in the war. The shells splintered trees and boulders. An Iowa lieutenant said that it was “a mighty hurricane sweeping everything before it.” After six hours, 2,200 Union soldiers surrendered.
The Monitor The Swedish-born inventor John Ericsson invented the Monitor. He built this first entirely iron ship in 101 days. The Monitor contained 47 patented devices. It housed 2 guns to the Merrimack’s 10, but they were mounted on a revolving turret.
Science The single most-important invention used by McClellan’s army was an inch-long slug that expanded into the barrel’s rifled grooves and spun at great speed from the muzzle. The spin allowed the ball to travel farther and more accurately than musket balls fired from smooth-barreled weapons. The ball was accurate at 250 yards (229 m), five times as far as any other one-person weapon.
Heavy death tolls in battle led Civil War soldiers to devise the first dog tags for identification. Soldiers printed their names and addresses on handkerchiefs or paper, which they pinned to their clothing before going into battle.
African Americans Even when African Americans were finally allowed to become Union soldiers, they were not immediately allowed into combat. At first, African American units were used as labor battalions and supply troops.
Some women disguised themselves as men and enlisted in the Confederate and Union armies. Jennie Hodgers, for example, signed on with an Illinois regiment as “Albert Cashier.”
Burnsides Civil War Terms
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.
Burnsides Sideburns are named for the Union commander Ambrose E. Burnside. His distinctive muttonchop whiskers inspired a fashion, which became known as burnsides. Within 10 years the 2 syllables had been transposed.
Civil War Terms The Civil War was the first war in which strictly military terms were passed into wider usage. Many of these terms still used in common speech today are K.P. (kitchen police), AWOL (absent without leave), pup tents (originally known as dog tents), grapevine (medium for transmission of rumors), and shoddy (uniforms poorly made from recycled woolen fibers known as shoddy, which came to denote any article of inferior quality).
The extreme left flank of the Union lines at Gettysburg–a hill called Little Round Top–was commanded by Colonel Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, a college professor who had taken a leave from teaching to fight in the war. Chamberlain knew that if the Confederates took Little Round Top, they would have a view of the whole Union line. Although greatly outnumbered, Chamberlain’s forces withstood numerous attacks. Finally, Chamberlain led his troops in a bayonet charge that drove the Confederates from the hill. Chamberlain received the Medal of Honor for his bravery at Gettysburg.
Chattanooga General Sherman
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.
Chattanooga Taking Chattanooga was important to the Union. Chattanooga guarded the gateway to the eastern Confederacy and the Southern war industries in Georgia. From this city the Confederate army could mount expeditions into Tennessee and Kentucky. The Union could use the city to mount raids into Georgia and further divide the South.
General Sherman Civil War historian Shelby Foote said of Sherman: “[He] was maybe the first truly modern general. He was the first one to understand that civilians were the backers-up of things and that if you went against civilians, you’d deprive the army of what kept it going.”
Photographer Mathew Brady and his many assistants recorded the camps, lives, and deaths of soldiers in more than 10,000 photos.
Civil War Camera
This feature can be found on page 482 of your textbook.
1 glass plate
2 plate holder
3 lens
Civil War Camera
This feature can be found on page 482 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
The photographer looks at the subject through a glass plate.
1
1 glass plate
2 plate holder
3 lens4 body
1 glass plate
2 plate holder
3 lensThis feature can be found on page 482 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Civil War Camera
A plate holder is inserted into the back panel.
2
1 glass plate
2 plate holder
3 lens4 body
1 glass plate
2 plate holder
3 lensThis feature can be found on page 482 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Civil War Camera
The photographer opens the lens. The lens creates a reversed, upside-down image on the “wet” plate.
3
1 glass plate
2 plate holder
3 lens4 body
1 glass plate
2 plate holder
3 lensThis feature can be found on page 482 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Civil War Camera
The body of the camera protects the wet plate.
4
1 glass plate
2 plate holder
3 lens4 body
1 glass plate
2 plate holder
3 lens
The plate holder and the exposed wet plate are removed from the back panel, then developed into a negative in the photographer’s “traveling” darkroom.
This feature can be found on page 482 of your textbook.
Civil War Camera
1 glass plate
2 plate holder
3 lens4 body
Taking Notes
Why Learn This Skill?One of the best ways to remember something is to write it down. Taking notes–writing down information in a brief and orderly form–not only helps you remember, but it also makes your studying easier.
This feature can be found on page 484 of your textbook. Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.
This feature can be found on page 484 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Taking Notes
Learning the SkillThere are several styles of note taking, but all explain and put information in a logical order. When you are taking notes, it will help to keep in mind the following guidelines: ß
• Identify the subject and write it at the top of the page. In your text, for example, look at the chapter title, section title, and other headings.
Taking Notes
Learning the Skill• Select specific information for your notes. For example, anything your teacher writes
on the chalkboard or shows you from a transparency should be included. If your teacher emphasizes a point or spends a large amount of time on a topic, this is also a clue to its importance. ß
• Paraphrase the information. That means putting the information in your own words rather than trying to take it down word for word. Doing so helps you think about what the speaker or writer means.
This feature can be found on page 484 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Taking Notes
Learning the Skill• To save time, you might want to develop different strategies. One way is to create a
personal “shorthand.” For example, use symbols, arrows, or rough drawings: “+” for “and.” Practice your shorthand in all of your classes. ß
• Write legible and neat notes so that you will be able to understand them when you read them again.
This feature can be found on page 484 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.
Taking Notes
Practicing the SkillReview the guidelines for taking notes. Then read Section 5, entitled “The Way to Victory,” on pages 485–491 of your textbook. After you have carefully read the section, follow the guidelines and create shorthand notes for the subsection entitled “The Tide of War Turns,” which begins on page 486 of your textbook.
This feature can be found on page 484 of your textbook.
The Face of War
ObjectivesAfter viewing “The Face of War,” you should”: ß• Appreciate how devastating Civil War battles were, resulting in the
deaths of thousands. ß • Understand that tens of thousands of
soldiers died from disease each month due to bad drinking water, poor food, and horrible conditions. ß
• Acknowledge that the role of the embalmer was an important one, because preserving a body allowed proper burial in the hometown of the soldier.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click in the window above to view a preview of The American Republic to 1877 video.
Discussion Question
The Face of War
What were some of the reasons that many soldiers died from disease?
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Reasons included bad drinking water, horrible living conditions, and poor food.
The Face of War
Discussion Question
What particular event led President Lincoln to authorize the hiring of 14 embalmers for the Union army?
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
A close friend had died and was preserved by an embalmer.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
battle
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Most commanding officers in the Union army were white, even in all-African American units.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
The prisoners are the three Confederate soldiers on the left.
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
End of Custom Shows WARNING! Do Not Remove
This slide is intentionally blank and is set to auto-advance to end custom shows and
return to the main presentation.
