TAMARIND GUM POLYSACCHARIDE: A NOVEL …

www.wjpps.com │ Vol 10, Issue 11, 2021. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │

1945

Mathew et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

TAMARIND GUM POLYSACCHARIDE: A NOVEL

PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENT IN DRUG DELIVERY

Deepthi Mathew*1, Aswani A.

2, Ashita Cicily Joshy

2, Christy Jose

2, Sherly Eapen

2 and

Sini Syriac2

1Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Pushpagiri College of Pharmacy,

Tiruvalla, Kerala.

2Final Year B Pharm Students, Pushpagiri College of Pharmacy, Tiruvalla, Kerala.

ABSTRACT

Tamarind gum is a polysaccharide extracted from seed endosperm of

the plant, Tamarindus indica. It is a neutral, non ionic and branched

polysaccharide having water solubility, hydrophilic, gel forming and

mucoadhesive property. In addition tamarind gum is biodegradable,

biocompatible, non carcinogenic and non irritant. Tamarind gum is

employed as a potential biopolymer in the fields of pharmaceutical,

cosmetic and food applications. In the recent years, it is widely tested

and employed in various drug delivery applications as effective

pharmaceutical excipients. Tamarind gum is being exploited in the

formulation of oral, colon, ocular, buccal and nasal drug delivery

system.

KEYWORDS: Tamarind Gum Polysaccharide, Excipients, Drug Delivery, Plant

polysaccharide.

INTRODUCTION

The term drug delivery covers a broad range technique used to get therapeutic agents into the

human body. It refers to approaches,formulations,technologies and system for transporting

pharmaceutical compounds in the body as needed to safely achieve its desired therapeutic

effect.Drug delivery technologies modify drug release profile, absorption, distribution and

elimination for the benefit of improving product efficacy and safety, as well as patient

convenience and compliance. Types of drug delivery system include.

1.Buccal drug delivery

*Corresponding Author

Deepthi Mathew

Associate Professor,

Department of

Pharmaceutics, Pushpagiri

College of Pharmacy,

Tiruvalla, Kerala.

Article Received on

20 Sept. 2021,

Revised on 10 Oct. 2021,

Accepted on 31 Oct. 2021

DOI: 10.20959/wjpps202111-20577

WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

SJIF Impact Factor 7.632

Volume 10, Issue 11, 1945-1960 Review Article ISSN 2278 – 4357


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2.Ocular drug delivery

3.Nasal drug delivery

4.Colon targeted drug delivery

5. Oral multiple unit sytems[1]

Excipients is an inactive substance that serves as a vehicle or medium for a drug or other

active substance. They include colouring agents, preservatives, fillers etc. Excipients, their

proportion and solubility are a formulation variable that infulences drug release from various

drug delivery systems.

Plant Polysaccharides are popular natural bio-polysaccharide group which are nontoxic,

biodegradable, less expensive and freely available in natural sources.The use of plant

polysaccharides in pharmaceutical applications including drug delivery is evolving from their

traditional auxiliary function in formulations toward their active role as drug performance

enhancers in terms of stability,drug release,target specificity and bioavailability.

Among various plant polysaccharides tamarind gum polysaccharide is one of the emerging

biopolymers extracted from tamarind kernel and have found its wide and potential

applications in food ,cosmetic and pharmaceutical field.[2]

TAMARIND GUM POLYSACCHARIDE

Tamarind gum or tamarind kernel powder came into commercial production in1943 as

replacement for starch in cotton sizing in Indian market. It is also used in production of lipids.

It is an important sizing material for textile, a good creaming agent for concentration of

rubber latex used as soil stabilizer, a rich source of proteins and amino acids. Moreover,


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tamarind kernel powder may also be used as a feed for cattle and pigs. It is also used as a

food ingredient.[3]

Currently purified and refined tamarind kernel is produced and permitted in Japan as

thickening, stabilising and gelling agent in the food industry. Gum solution of good adhesive

strength from tamarind gum and sisal fibres was prepared which have potential industrial

applications such as for false roofing and room partitioning. Tamarind is used a creamer for

latex, in explosives, in borax printing and paper manufacturing. It is also used as a stabilizer

in ice creams and as an emulsion textile paste, thus tamarind gum is having application in

paper, in food, textile industry etc. Recent year‟s research has been initiated on the use of

tamarind gum in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.[4]

SOURCE

Tamarind gum is a plant polysaccharide extracted from seed endosperm of the plant

Tamarindus indica (commonly known as „Indian date‟; „Imli‟ in Hindi; Family: Fabaceae)

seeds. It is cultivated throughout almost the whole India and also in other Southeast Asian

countries. Indian production of Tamarind is about 0.3 million tonnes per year. Tamarind seed

comprises the seed coat or testa (20% to 30%) and the kernel or endosperm (70% to 75%)

and it contains 67.1gm per kg crude fibre with the higher percentage of carbohydrate in the

form of sugars. Tamarind seed polysaccharide is a cell wall storage material present in

tamarind seed and is extracted from tamarind seed powder.[2]

PLANT PROFILE

COMMON NAME: Imli, Indian date

BOTANICAL NAME: Tamarindus indica

KINGDOM: Plantae

SUB-KINGDOM: Tracheobionta (vascular plants)


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SUPER DIVISION: Spermatophyte (seed plants)

DIVISION: Magnoliophyata (flowering plants)

CLASS: Magnoliopisida (dicotyledons)

SUBCLASS: Rosidae

ORDER: Fabales

FAMILY: Fabaceae

GENUS: Tamarindus

SPECIES: Indica

DESCRIPTION

The fruit is an indehiscent legume, sometimes called a pod, 12-15cm in length, with hard,

brown shell. The fruit has a fleshy, juicy, acidulous pulp. It is matured when the flesh is

coloured brown or reddish brown. The seeds are somewhat flattened, and a glossy brown.

DISTRIBUTION

Tamarind is a leguminous tree in the family fabaceae indigenous to tropical Africa. Tamarind

has long been naturalized in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Philippines, The Caribbean, and

the Pacific Islands. It is cultivated all over, especially in Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh,

Karnataka, Telegana, Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu.[5]

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY

Tamarind seed kernels have a relatively high antioxidant activity and phenolic content. For

antioxidative compound were isolated and may be used for increasing shelf life of food

products and improving the stability of lipid containing foods.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY

Protinaceous inhibitors with high inhibitory activities against human neutrophil elastase were

found in tamarind seeds.

ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES

Tamarind fruits are reported to have antifungal and antibacterial properties.

ANTI-VIRAL ACTIVITY

Plant extracts of tamarind were reported to have antiviral activity on watermelon mosaic

viruses and tobacco mosaic virus.


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ANTI-NEMATODAL

Tamarind plant extract were reported to have antinematodal activity.

ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY

Frequent research on aqueous extract of seeds has shown strong antidiabetic effects.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Tamarind seed polysaccharide is a highly branched polysaccharide composed of (1-4 ) –

betaD-glucan backbone substituted with side chains of alpha- D-xylopyranose and beta-

Dgalactopyranosyl (1-2) –alpha –D-xylopyranose linked ( 1-6) to glucose residues. About

80% of glucose residue are substituted by xylose residues (1-6 linked) and partially

substituted by p-1-2 galactose residue. Tamarind seed polysaccharide consist of glucose,

xylose and galactose monomer units in the molar ratio of 2.8:2.25:1.0. Thus tamarind seed

polysaccharide is regarded as a galactoxyloglucan.[2]

Composition and concentration of Tamarind seed polysaccharide.[6]

Compound present Percentage

Non fibre carbohydrate 65.1-72.2%

Protein 15.4-22.7%

Oil 3.9-7.4%

Crude Fibre 0.7-8.2%

Ash 2.45-3.3%

PROPERTIES

Tamarind gum is an aqueous soluble and hydrophilic polysaccharide.

It is non carcinogenic, biocompatible and stable in acidic pH.


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It is insoluble in organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether and in cold

water.

Native tamarind seed polysaccharide exhibits tendency to self- aggregation when dispersed

in aqueous solvents.

It has excellent ability to swell in water and forms the mucilaginous solution after heating

up showing a typical non Newtonian rheological behaviour and pseudo plastic properties.

It is non irritant with haemostatic activity, it has also revealed anti inflammatory,

hepatoprotective and antidiabetic nature.

It possess film forming property with high flexibility and good tensile strength, high drug

holding capacity and high thermal stability

Like other xyloglucans, tamarind gum is not digested by the influence of human digestive

enzymes.[3]

ADVANTAGES OF NATURAL GUM TAMARIND

It is cost effective and natural sources

No side-effects

Biocompatible and biodegradable

Renewable source

Environmental friendly process

Local availability, non toxic

Better patient tolerance as well as public acceptance.[7]

METHOD OF EXTRACTION

Method1

200gm of tamarind seeds was soaked in double distilled water and boiled for 5 hours to

remove the outer dark layer. Often the outer dark layer is removed, to the inner white portion,

sufficient amount of double distilled water was added and boiled with constant stirring to


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prepare the slurry. Now cool the resultant solution in refrigerator so that most of the

undisclosed portion settles down. The supernatant liquid can be separated out by simple

decantation or best by centrifugation at 500 rpm for 20 minutes. After this, the solution is

concentrated on a water bath at 60 degree Celsius to reduce the volume to one-third of the

initial volume. Now cool the solution and pour into 3 volumes of acetone by continuous

stirring. Precipitates obtained were washed with acetone and dry in vacuum at 50-60 degree

Celsius.

Method 2.

Tamarind seeds were collected and dried in sunlight. The kernals are the crushed to fine

powder.20g of fine kernel powder was added to 200ml of cold distilled water to prepare

slurry. The slurry obtained is then poured into 800ml of boiling distilled water and are boiled

for 20 minutes on a water bath. A clear solution was obtained which was kept overnight. The

thin clear was then centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 20 minutes to separate all the foreign matter.

The supernatant liquid was separated and poured into excess of absolute alcohol with

continuous stirring. Precipitates were obtained which were collected by a suitable method and

washed with 200ml of absolute ethanol and dried at 50 degree Celsius for 10 hours. Store the

polymer obtained in desiccators.

Method 3.

It involves the separation of tamarind kernel powder on the basis of their size distribution.

Tamarind kernel powder was defatted by using C-6 or C-8 aromatic hydrocarbons or C-1 or

C-2 or above halogenated lower hydrocarbons or C-1 or C-5 mono or dihydroxy alcohols,

e.g. ethylene dichloride, heptanes, or toluene. After drying, HiSil or other silicaceous

materials like CabOSil improve the flow properties of powder. The powder is further

grounded by using Hammer mill or Pin mill that will reduce the size of the powder below

100mm. The powder is further air classified by using suitable air classifier. 3 fractions of the

powder were obtained after air classifications: 10% to 20% of fine fraction rich in proteins.

60% to 80% of moderately fine fraction rich in polysaccharides. 10% to 20% of the coarser

fraction rich in mechanical properties. TSP can be isolated from the moderately fine powder

fraction of powder obtained after air classification.[8]

FUCTIONALIZATION OF TAMARIND GUM FOR DRUG DELIVERY

Tamarind gum is extensively used in various drug delivery formulations, it has some

potential drawbacks such as unpleasant odour, dull colour, poor solubility in water, tendency


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of fast degradability in aqueous environment. To overcome these restrictions, tamarind gum

has been functionally derivatized through chemical treatment with variety of functional

groups such as carboxymethyl, acetal, hydroxyl alkyl, thiol, polymer grafting, etc. Recently,

various functionally derivatized tamarind gums hold a great promise as potential

pharmaceuticals excipients in different kinds of improved drug delivery systems mainly

tamarind gums hold enhanced mechanical behaviour as well as competence in prolonged

period- controlling drug releases. The present chapter contends with abroad review of

different kinds of functionalizations of tamarind gum for their use in the development of

various improved drug delivery systems and it also contain a comprehensive review of

different functionalizations of tamarind gum in drug delivery.

There are 3 methods, it includes 1. Carboxymethylation 2. Thiolation 3. Graft modification.

CARBOXYMETHYLATION

Carboxymethylated gums are those modified gums, which are synthesised from the native

gum through functional modification by the chemical means of attaching pendant carboxylic

acid groups [-COOH] to the native gum structures. Recently, in polymer research,

carboxymethyl modification of gums are an extensively studied conversion because of its

technical simplicity low cost of chemical reagents and wide application. Generally,

carboxymethylated gums exhibit to enhance hydrophilicity in addition to clarity of solutions

as compared to that of the native gums. These potential characteristic improvement of the

native gums makes them more soluble in aqueous medium. In general, native gums are made

carboxymethylated through the conventional method by “Williamson‟s etherification”

reaction using monochloroacetic acid and sodium hydroxide in the aqueous milieu at higher

temperature. The Williamson‟s etherification reaction may direct to the nonspecific

degradation via beta elimination and/or peeling reaction initiated at decreasing sugar units

because of highly alkaline pH environment which sequentially decreases the molecular

weight of the modified gum. Carboxymethylation of tamarind gum makes it comparatively

microbial as well as enzymatic resistant than the native gum possesses higher viscosity and

lower degradability in aqueous environments. It is also has the capacity to produce higher

swelling in aqueous environments . This is employed in.

1. Carboxymethylated Tamarind Gum Matrix Tablets for Sustained Drug Delivery

2. Carboxymethylated Tamarind Gum Nanoparticles for Ocular Drug Delivery

3. Carboxymethylated Tamarind Gum Spheroids for Controlled Drug Delivery


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4. Carboxymethylated Tamarind Gum – Chitosan Interpoymeric ComplexationBased Film

Coating for Colon Drug Delivery

5. Carboxymethylated Tamarind Gum –Poly Vinyl Alcohol Cryogels for Sustained Drug

Release.

THIOLATED TAMARIND GUM IN DRUG DELIVERY

Thiolation Mucoadhesion of naturally derived polysaccharide through derivatization with

thiol functional group containing reagents has been employed to enhance the bio-

mucoadhesive as well as cohesive characteristics of various polymers. Thiolated polymers are

considered as latest generation of biomucoadhesive polymers, which mimic the natural

mechanism of secreted mucus glycoprotein through covalently fixing on the mucus layer by

means of disulfide bonds. Thiol side chains of different polymers. These thiolated

polysaccharide structure stronger covalent bonds via appearing in contact with mucus

glycoprotein. This improved mucoadhesion facilitates localization of dosage systems at the

drug targeted site. In addition, the disulfide bonds enhance the stability of matrices through

delaying disintegration and erosion by increasing swelling behaviours. Apart from the

mucoadhesivity addition, thiolation of polysaccharide imparts enhancement of oral

permeation of proteins and peptides, inhibition of efflux proteins, enzymes and exhibits insitu

gelling properties. Thiolated tamarind gum is used in mucoadhesive drug delivery.

GRAFT MODIFIED TAMARIND GUM IN DRUG DELIVERY

Graft modification Grafting of polymers is an effectuatal method for modification of

characteristics of various natural polymers as well as synthetic polymers. The modification of

natural polymeric substances through graft copolymerisation proffers opportunities to tailor

the physical as well as chemical characteristics, to functionalise polymeric structures for

imparting advantageous characteristics on to these and also uniting the benefits of both

synthetic and natural polymers. Therefore grafting copolymerisation is currently considered

as an effectual procedure for the enhancement of the compatibility in between natural and

synthetic polymers to synthesise new polymeric material with improved hybrid properties.

Grafting of polymers entails the attachment of polymeric chains, typically a monomer, to the

backbone polymeric structure. Important methods employed for the polymer grafting are

conventional radical grafting, macro monomer radical grafting, high energy iniaition grafting,

microwaveassisted grafting, radiation initation grafting, electron beam initiated grafting, atom

transfer radical grafting etc.


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1. Tamarind gum-g-Polysacrylmine as Matrix for Controlled Release of Drug

2. Tamarind Gun-g-Poly(N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolon) in Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery

APPLICATIONS

PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS

Currently, various plant polysaccharides have been studied for their diverse pharmaceutical

applications in a variety of pharmaceutical dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, gels,

emulsions, suspensions, creams, beads, spheroids, micro particles, nanoparticles, ophthalmic

preparations, transdermal and buccal patches etc. These plant polysaccharides have also been

utilised as binders, granulating agents, disintegrants, emulsifiers, suspending agents, gelling

agents, mucoadhesive agents, matrix formers, release retardants, enteric resistant etc, in

various dosage forms. Among these plant polysaccharides, tamarind seed polysaccharide is

emerging as a potential excipient material for pharmaceutical applications.[9]

SUSPENSIONS AND EMULSIONS

Tamarind seed polysaccharide was investigated as suspending agents in various

pharmaceutical suspensions. In these studies researchers have found the suitability of

tamarind seed polysaccharide as suspending agent to produce stable suspensions. It was

found to reduce the settling rate of solid particles of these prepared suspensions and to permit

also in the easy redispersion of any settled particles. In an investigation, a promise in the use

of tamarind seed polysaccharide as suspending agent in pharmaceutical suspension was

indicated. Tamarind seed polysaccharide was investigated as emulsifier in the preparation of

emulsions. I n an investigation by Kumar et al, a comparative study on castor oil emulsion

with using tamarind seed polysaccharide as emulsifier and gum acacia showed the

effectiveness of 2%w/v tamarind seed polysaccharide than 10%w/v gum acacia.[10,11]

Formulations Pharmaceutical applications

Paracetamol suspensions Suspending agent

Nimesulide suspension Suspending agent

ZnO suspension Suspending agent

Castor oil emulsion Emulsifying agent

TABLETS

Tamarind seed polysaccharide was already studied as excipients like binders, matrix formers

and release modifiers in pharmaceutical tablet formulations. It was investigated as effective

binder for wet granulations and direct compression in various tablets. When tablet biding


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character of tamarind seed polysaccharide in pharmaceutical tablets for various types of

drugs, it was observed that these tablets exhibited slower drug release profiles. This was

attributed to hydrophilicity, viscosity and higher swelling of tamarind seed polysaccharide.

Tamarind seed polysaccharides were investigated as matrix formers in matrix tablets of

various drugs. In most of the cases matrix tablets are formulated to make sustained release or

controlled release formulations for which these require release modifiers or release retardants.

Due to its hydrophilic property, tamarind seed polysaccharide was widely used in various

matrix tablets as matrix former and release retardants. Along with sustained drug release

profile, some matrix tablets composed of tamarind seed polysaccharide exhibited a

mucoadhesive property which was found helpful in gastro retentive drug delivery.[12,13,14]

Mucoadhesive property of TSP

Currently studies have suggested that TSP has additional benefits of providing a longer

ocular retention time in comparison to hyaluronic,acid which makes TSP more ideal in

treating dry eye symptoms. TSP is not ocular toxic and has found to improve corneal wound

healing rate.[15]

Use of tamarind seed polysaccharide in tablets as binder, matrix former and release retardant.

Tablets Applications as Excipient

Ibuprofen tablets Binder, Release - retardant

Tramadol HCl tablets Binder

Diclofenac sodium tablets Binder

Acyclovir matrix tablets Matrix former, release retardant

Aceclofenac matrix tablets Matrix former, release- retardant

Diclofenac sodium matrix tablets Matrix former, release- retardant

Lornoxicam matrix tablets Matrix former, release- retardant

Lamivudine matrix tablets Matrix former, release- retardant

Ketoprofen matrix tablets Matrix former, release- retardant

Propranalol HCl matrix tablets Matrix former, release- retardant

Claritromycin matrix tablets Matrix former, release- retardant

ORAL MULTIPLE- UNIT SYSTEMS

Tamarind seed polysaccharide has also been utilised in the development of various

multipleunit systems like nanoparticles, microparticles, beads, spheroids, etc for oral use. The

multiple –unit systems are able to mix with gastrointestinal fluid and distributed over a longer

area in GIT, which results the absence of impairing of performances due to failure of few

units and more predictable drug release. Moreover multiple –unit systems avoid the vagaries

of gastric emptying and different transit rates through the GIT, thereby, drugs release more


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uniformly and prevent the exposure to high drug concentration , when compared with single

unit dosage form. Multiple- unit system also reduce the chances of dose dumping and

localised mucosal damage.

Spheroids

Diclofenac sodium containing spheroids were formulated using tamarind seed polysaccharide

by extrusion- spheronization technique. This spheroids exhibited controlled (zero order)

invitro drug release over a period of 8 h. A correlation was observed among the swelling

index, viscosity, and in vitro dissolution profile of the spheroids.

Controlled release micro particles or beads

Novel Ph- sensitive tamarind seed polysaccharide –alginate composite beads for controlled

release of diclofenac sodium were developed through ionotropic-gelation technique.

Interpenetrating polymer network micro particles

In an investigation, Kulkarni et al., developed diltiazem- Indion 254 complex entrapped

interpenetrated polymer network micro beads made of tamarind seed polysaccharide and

sodium alginate blend for controlled release of diltiazem HCl through combined ion tropic

gelation and covalent cross- linking.

Mucoadhesive micro particles/beads

Recently, tamarind seed polysaccharide was employed as mucoadhesive polymer blends to

develop mucoadhesive micro particles and beads. Mucoadhesive beads containing metformin

HCl made of low methoxy pectin-tamarind seed polysaccharide polymer-blends were

developed.

Floating beads

Currently, tamarind seed polysaccharide was used in the development of floating gastro

retentive beads. In these beads, low density oil was entrapped to attain buoyancy for longer

period. Groundnut oil- entrapped tamarind seed polysaccharide- alginate blend floating beads

containing Diclofenac sodium were developed by ionotropic emulsion gelation method for

the use in gastro retentive drug delivery.


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Formulation Pharmaceutical applications

Oil-entrapped floating beads

of diclofenac sodium

Matrix former ,release-retardant,

encapsulating agent

Micro particles of aceclofenac Matrix former, release retardant,

encapsulating agent

Micro beads of diclofenac

sodium

Matrix former, release retardant,

encapsulating agent.

BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY

As buccoadhesive polymeric agent, tamarind seed polysaccharide is used in various buccal

drug delivery systems including buccal tablets, buccal films and patches. Nifedipine

buccoadhesive tablet of using tamarind seed polysaccharide were formulated and evaluated

for buccoadhesive delivery, which have shown a good mucoadhesivity.

Formulations Pharmaceutical applications

Nitrendipine buccal tablet Mucoadhesive, release retardant

Nifidipine buccoadhesive tablet Mucoadhesive, release retardant

Metronidasol buccal patch Mucoadhesive, Film former

Rizatriptan benzoate buccal films Mucoadhesive, film former

OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY

Tamarind seed polysaccharide was already investigated in the preparation of various ocular

drug delivery systems like ocular gels and ocular nano particles. The high viscosity and

mucoadhesive property of tamarind seed polysaccharide make it as suitable excipient in

various ocular formulations for increase in the residence time for various drugs on the cornea.

A tamarind gum based in-situ gelling ocular dosage form of pilocarpine was developed and

evaluated for its mitotic potential. The combination of tamarind seed polysaccharide, alginate

and chitosan was identified to the most successful means for sustained delivery of 80%

pilocarpine in 12 hours.

Formulation Pharmaceutical applications

Pilocarpine Ocular gels(insitu) ,Gelling agent

Gentamycin and Ofloxacin Ocular gel,Mucoadhesive gelling agent

NASAL DRUG DELIVERY

A nasal drug delivery system of diazepam using tamarind seed polysaccharide as

mucoadhesive agent was developed and evaluated. The pH, viscosity and gelling property of

tamarind seed polysaccharide was found to be higher in comparison to synthetic polymers

like HPMC and carbopol 934 commonly used in nasal drug delivery system as mucoadhesive

agent.


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COLON-TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY

The colon targeted drug delivery is required to protect the drug during its transit through

upper gastrointestinal tract and allow the release of drug in the colon. Tamarind seed

polysaccharide also was investigated as biodegradable carrier for colon targeted drug

delivery. Ibuprofen matrix tablets containing different concentrations of tamarind seed

polysaccharide were formulated by wet granulation technique to protect the drug in upper

gastro intestinal tract.

OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY

Tamarind seed polysaccharide is used for production of thickened ophthalmic solutions

having a pseudo plastic rheological behaviour and mucoadhesive properties. Said solution is

used as artificial tear and as a vehicle for sustained release ophthalmic drugs. The

concentration of tamarind seed polysaccharide preferably are employed in ophthalmic

preparation for use as artificial tears that is a product for replacing and stabilising the natural

tear fluid, particularly indicated for the treatment of eye syndrome are comprised between

0.7- 1.5% by weight. The concentrations of tamarind polysaccharide preferably employed in

the production of vehicle (that is delivery system). For ophthalmic drugs having the function

of prolonging the prevalence time of medicaments at their site of action are comprised

between 1 and 4% by weight.

SUSTAINED DRUG DELIVERY

It is used as potential polysaccharide having high drug holding capacity for sustained release

of verapamil hydrochloride. It is also used as suitable polymer for sustained release

formulations of low drug loading. Sustained release behaviours of both water soluble

(acetaminophen, caffeine, thiophyllin and salicylic acid) and water insoluble (indomethacin)

drugs on tamarind seed polysaccharide was examined. Studies showed that tamarind seed

polysaccharide could be used for controlled release both water soluble and water insoluble

drug.

WOUND DRESSING MATERIALS AND WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY

TSP films treated groups showed faster epithelialisation and greater rates of wound

contraction with significantly increased collagen content and tensile strength of regenerated

tissue. TSP being a natural polymer helps in adhesion of cells to laminin, thus promoting

ocular wound healing.


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CONCLUSION

The main objective for searching a new excipient is to overcome the shortcomings of

processing cost, availability, toxicity and compatibility. Currently tamarind seed

polysaccharide has gained popularity for its utility in the preparation of various

pharmaceutical dosage forms. Tamarind polysaccharide is a promising pharmaceutical

excipient in various pharmaceutical formulations in pharmaceutical industry.

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12. Kulkarni GT, Seshubabu P, Kumar SM. Effect of tamarind seed polysaccharide on

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