Description of related species &

varieties of Tamarind

Presented By……

G.Saraswathi

13-533-009

Tamarind

• Botanical Name : Tamarindus indicus.Linn

• Family : Fabaceae

[ Caesalpiniaceae ]

• Origin : Eastern Tropical Africa

• Ch.No : 2n=24

• It’s also known as Indian date.

• Most important multipurpose tree in India.

• The monotypic genus of Tamarindus has

only one species, indica.

• India – largest producer in the world.

• India – only country produces a commercial

crop tamarind.

[ K.V.peter,2007 ]

• Flavour component of the pulp – 2 –

acetylfuran

• Major constituent – Tartaric acid [ 8-18% ].

• Kernal powder - Sizing material for jute &

Textiles.

• Kernal powder – Xyloglycan – gelling agent.

Description

• Tamil Nadu

• Madhya Pradesh

• Andhra Pradesh

• Maharashtra

• Karnataka

Germplasm Holdings

• Totally 1209 accessions

• State agrl.universities - 661

• Forest dept,Karnataka - 220

• Forest dept, TN - 328

[ Pareek &

Awasthi, 2002 ]

Botany• Large, handsome,long-lived evergreen tree.

• It is used for shade, ornamental value & fruit.

• 20 m height, 7m girth.

• Flowers – Sub terminal racemes – yellowish or pale yellow blossoms.

• Propagation – seeds – 20kg /ha.

• Vegetatively cuttings, root suckers, inarching, softwood grafting &

patch budding, air layering.

• Inarching & patch budding – 90% success [K.V.Peter,2007]

ClassificationBased on colour - Red,block,brown etc.

Light & dark colour.

Based on taste - Sour – Prathisthan , PKM -1

Sweet – Thailand typeBased on place - Urigam,Cumbam,Karur.Identification Based on place - East Indian variety – Long pods 6-12 Of origin seeds/ pod - West Indian variety – shorter pods 1-4

seeds/pod

[Kennedy & Thangaraj,1996 ]

Varieties

S.

No

Variet

y

Parent

age

Inisti / UniAvg.yi

eld

In

kgs /

tree

Salient featuresReco

m.

state

1 PKM –

1

1992

Clonal

selecti

on

from

Endapu

li

village

HC & RI

Periyakula

m

263

Early bearer,

dwarf high

yielding variety.

Flowering – 3rd

yr in grafts, 5th

yr in seedlings.

Fruits –

Semicircle.

Pulp recovery -

39%

Tartaric acid –

17.1%

Ascorbic acid –

3.95 mg/ 100g

TN

2 Uriga

m

Local

genotype

from Urigam

–

Thenkanikot

tai

Dharmapuri

- 150 -

200g

Per each

fruit

Short in size, branch

– Umberlla, Pods –

lengthy, fleshy &

tasty - C shaped

curvature.

Flowering – Late –

Mar

Harvest – July

Seedlings – 6 – 8 yr

starts bearing.

Grafts – 4th yr

onwards

TN

3 Prathi

s-than

Selection Fruit

Research

station –

Aurangaba

d

Mah.

- -

Mah

4 DTS -1 Selecti

on

UAS,Bangal

ore

1.5 kg/

tree

Sweet red type

slightly

susceptible to

pod borer.

Kar

5 Yogeswa

ri

Selecti

on

Forest dept,

Karnataka

- Red pulp Kar

6 No.263 Selecti

on

Fruit

Research

Station –

Aurangabad

–

Mah.

- - Mah

Local selections

• Cumbum selection – Theni district – TN

• Rahuri selection – Maharashtra

• Kangadevanpalli

• Devar Ullimangalam

References

• Horticulture Science Series Vol 5 – Prof.

K.V.Peter

E.V.Nybe

N.Miniraj

• Advances in Spices Research –

P.N.Ravindran