Taking Sustainability in Parking to the Next

Level…

IPI Sustainability Roadshow

TPTA, March 2014

Michael Cramer & Rachel Yoka, LEED AP

Objectives

• Offered by IPI Sustainability Committee• Review applicable frameworks for parking and

sustainability • Share best practices in municipal, university,

healthcare, and campus settings• Discuss your concerns, questions, ideas• Serve as a “listening” session

• Any questions, topics?

Houston Headlines

• Mayor Parker Commits to Further Reduce City’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions

• City of Houston to Launch First Municipal Electric Vehicle Car Sharing Program

• 2035 Regional Transportation Plan Update: Recommends $9.5 Billion for transit

Topics

• Big Picture• Frameworks• Case Studies• Trending Now

"For all the implications of ‘sprawl’ –from job loss and economic decline, to alarming obesity, asthma rates and segregation, to the loss of habitat and global warming, to our dangerous dependence on foreign oil—all of them are driven by one fundamental problem:

the mismatch between where we live and where we work.“

Shaun Donovan, Secretary , Housing and Urban Development (HUD)February 2010

VMT decreases

Demographic Change

Placemaking: Building healthy places

• Principles of healthy design align with sustainability and smart growth • Density, Street connectivity, Mixed-use

• Pedestrian friendly communities can command a real estate premium • Role of TOD and structured parking, maximizing shared use

2035 Regional Transportation Plan

• Light Rail Lines and Fixed Route Lines • Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Livable Centers

• Five new trails adding 15 miles to existing network

• Since installing bike racks, METRO has logged more than 150,000 bike boardings

• Completed Livable Centers studies

• Air Quality• 4,764 NuRide participants – reduced

20,895,357 VMT• 7,031 riders in 700 vanpools – reduced

5,118,543 VMT• 3,000 teleworkers from 26 participating

companies• Clean Cities/Clean Vehicles: Replaced or

retrofitted 60 engines – reduced 1,175 tons of NOx

Transit choice: Fleet Share

• Municipal fleet sharing program through ZipCar• 50 city-owned fleet vehicles (25

Nissan Leaf Evs and other plug-in electric and hybrid vehicles

• use by city employees

• Six EV charging stations in City Hall Annex Garage

• 300 workers in 13 downtown departments, over 7,000 reservations

• Washington DC Pilot: • Saved $300,000 during four month

pilot, $1 million in first year • Projects $6 million over five years

State of the market: our industry

"If you plan for cars and traffic, you get cars and traffic. If you plan for people and places, you get

people and places."

Fred Kent , Founder & President, Project for Public Spaces

Parking as catalyst

• Hamilton Square, Philadelphia, PA• Pedestrian connectivity• Walkability• Mixed use/Shared use• Economic revitalization

Parking as a platform for sustainability

Frameworks

• LEED• New Construction• Existing Buildings• Neighborhood

Development

• Green Globes• Green Parking Council• International Green

Construction Code• Codes: ASHRAE, others• Energy Star• And that’s a short list…

Frameworks

IPI Sustainability Framework

Frameworks: LEED

• Infill development – parking lots count

• Density – typically required for structured parking

• Accessibility to transit• Alternative fuel vehicles, low

emission vehicles, carpools• Bike parking & facilities• Stormwater management – quality

and quantity• Roofing choices – cool, green, solar• Optimize energy efficiency• Reduce water consumption

Frameworks: GPC

• Open source, organic• “None of us is as smart as all

of us”• Intersection of parking,

green building, clean technology, renewable energy, smart grid infrastructure, urban planning and sustainable mobility

• Demonstrator Site program completed (pilot)

• Certification program beta

Frameworks: GPC

• Focus on parking structure as building type• New/planned • Existing

• Adapted to the specifics and benchmarks of our industry

• Segmented approach• Design and technology• Programs• Management

• Certification first, accreditation to follow

Focus on Parking Management

Pricing Sharing TMA/TMO CXA Regional

Labor

Pricing

Daily Vs. Monthly Parking • Research shows daily

parking more effective at influencing travel behavior

• Monthly parking induces driving – get your money’s worth

• Daily parking forces a frequent choice about commuting behavior

Focus on Parking Programs/Ops

Placemaking Traffic Flow Wayfinding Operational

Specificity

Focus on Parking Technology/Design

Payment systems

EV Charging Stations

Energy Efficient Lighting and Ventilation

Pursuit of Net Zero

Life Cycle Assessment

Management and Operations

Think about water• Operational water use• Stormwater management

• Natural • Infrastructure

• Water efficient landscaping

• Rainwater harvesting• Greywater reuse

Greening the Roof

• Stormwater retention requirements • Balance green roof size with accommodating

additional parking spaces

Greening the Surface

• Operational/ Programmatic• Bike share and storage• Car share• AFV parking/discounts• EV charging • Solar modules• Variable pricing

• Design• Pervious paving• Lighting choices• Solar applications• Cool pavement

applications• Landscape architecture• Pocket parks/amenity

space/off peak usage

Greening the Surface

Increasing Focus on Energy Efficiency

• EPA Portfolio Manager• EPA Battle of the Buildings • IGCC • Energy Efficiency analysis

and upgrades• HVAC systems• Lighting• Operational procedures• Commissioning

• CxA• EBCx

Management and Operations

Benchmarking• Battle of the

Buildings (EPA Competition)

• Winner: • University of

Central Florida Parking Garage C, Orlando, Florida

• Reduced Energy Use by 63.2% • Cost Savings: $34,907 • Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Prevented: 258 metric tons

Management and Operations

Lighting Choices

• Decreased environmental impact

• Significant reduction in operating costs

• Safety and security in all parts of an operation

• Reduced carbon footprint • Responsible disposal at

end of life

• New design vs. retrofit

Why Lighting?

• Lighting retrofits tend to be low cost and high return

• Average payback is less than 24 months

• Rapidly advancing technology • Better light • Lower prices • Higher efficiency

• High utility rebates and tax incentives

Lighting Choices: Lakeland

Lakeland HealthCare Parking Facility, St. Joseph, MI • Four-level facility; 231 metal halide fixtures with 175W lamps • Power outages caused lamp/ballast failures, raising security concerns

Selected Solution (LED): • Immediately powered on after power outage • Reduced use energy and maintenance

• $52,316 annually • 326,299 kWh annually • Avoided 635,435 pounds of CO2 annually

Lighting Choices: Super Park

Proactive Asset Management

• Design to last• Spec products

that think about life cycle • Joint sealants • Water repellants

• Plan and budget for proactive maintenance

Trending Now

TPTA – Your Turn!

• Burning questions• Challenges• What did we forget• Local projects• Innovative approaches• Best practices• Areas to research

Taking Sustainability in Parking to the Next

Level…

IPI Sustainability Roadshow

TPTA, March 2014

Michael Cramer & Rachel Yoka, LEED AP

Case Study: CRDA

Project Context

• “Gateway” to the city: aesthetics critical to success

• Demand for additional parking to serve AC destinations

• Urban infill, highly visible project• Pedestrian connections,

walkability

Sustainable Strategies:Renewable Energy

• 54,000 SF, 400 KW array connected to Atlantic City Utility Authority

• Cost: $2,800,000, $52 per SF• Incentives: $840,000• Annual Savings: $95,000• Initial Calculation (2009/10):

• SREC: $209,000• 6.5 year payback

• Revised (2013 estimated)• SREC: $75,000• 9 to 10 year payback

Sustainable Strategies Alternative Transportation

• Increased density• Walkability,

pedestrian accessibility

• Improve streetscape

• Six electric vehicle charging stations

• Heavily used• Costs per station

($8,900)

Balancing Budget and Sustainability

• Utilize solar array to offset energy use and costs• Urban infill and site selection critical to overall

sustainability • Local contractor• Practical decisions with intent on the part of the owner• Total Project Cost: $31,650,000

• Solar Array: $3,000,000• Billboard: $500,000• Metal Screening: $400,000• Retail Shell Space: $1,000,000

• Parking Cost: $26,700,000• Includes architectural elements

• Cost per space: $22,600 (1182 spaces)• Efficiency per space: 326 SF/space

Case Study: TDM

• TDM Measures reduce parking demand• Campus TDM programs often

reduce auto trips by 10-30% (Brown, Hess & Shoup, 1998)

• Students are relatively sensitive to transit pricing, frequency, and overall service quality (Ubillos and Sainz, 2004)

• 20-30% of students and staff who drive may change their travel behavior if incentives were offered (Shannon, et al, 2006)

Case Study: TDM

• 2010 – Penn sets a goal of 50/50 split between driving and use of sustainable modes w/in 5 years (Was 60/40)

• Permit pricing phased out in 2011• New TDM programs started – carpool

parking, occasional parking, 3rd party vanpool and transit benefit administration

• Subsidy provided for all transit and vanpool users

• Ticketing introduced to reduce use of towing but improve enforcement

• Car sharing locations increased• Parking facilities had closed around

Medical Complex

Partnerships

• LUCY circulator shuttle and intermodal connector

• Car Sharing • Vanpool • Guaranteed ride home• Electric charging stations• Transit/remote parking providers

– SEPTA, PATCO, New Jersey Transit & Amtrak

• Transit pass discount • LEV parking, carpool, vanpool

and occasional parking discounts

Case Study: TDM

Demand Based Pricing - September 2012• Targeted at locations with long wait

lists for permits high demand for daily parking

• Permit Price increased 5% versus 1-3% elsewhere

• Long term – will create tiered permit pricing based on demand at each facility.

• July 1, 2013 – two medical center garages permit price increased by 4%

• All other locations increased by 3%.• 4 pricing levels created for permits

based on demand• There were only 2 pricing levels in

2012• Continue to identify locations with high

utilization and/or wait lists

EV Charging Stations

Trending Now: DriveNow

Trending Now: Microgrid