Table of Contents - NRCDDP of Contents Executive Summary 1 ... RGGVY Rajiv Gandhi Grameen...

Comprehensive District Plan 2012-13, Ganjam District

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary 1

Chapter –I (District Profile) 2

Chapter –II (Swot Analysis) 40

Chapter – III (District Vision) 52

Chapter – IV (Resource Enevelope District) 61

Chapter – V (Resource Enevelope Block) 65

Chapter – VI (Sector District Scheme) 67

Chapter – VII (Tribal Sub Plan) 97

Chapter – VIII (SCSP) 103

Chapter – IX (BRGF) 109

Chapter – X (Gender Sub Plan) 114

Chapter – XI (Convergence Programme) 119

Chapter – XII (Plan Performance) 136

Chapter – XIII (LWE) 145

Chapter XIV (LWE Pockets) 150

Suggestion & Recommendation 153


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Abbreviations

AAP Annual Action Plan ACP Annual Credit Plan AIBP Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme AIC Agriculture Information Centre AIDS Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome ANM Auxiliary Nursing & Midwifery ARD Animal Resource Development ARWSP Accelerated Rural Water Supply Project ASHA Accredited Social Health Activist ATMA Agriculture Technology Management Agency AWC Angan Wadi Centre AWW Angan Wadi Workers AYUSH Ayurvedic, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Sidhha & Homeopathy BGJY Biju Gram Jyoti Yojna BKJY Biju Kutira Jyoti Yojna BRGF Backward Regions Grant Fund CD Community Development C-DAP Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan CDMO Chief District Medical Officer CDP Comprehensive District Plan CDPO Child Development Project Officer CDVO Chief District Veterinary Officer CHC Community Health Centre CIG Community Interest Group CSS Centrally Sponsored Scheme DAPU District Agriculture Planning Unit DDC Drug Distribution Centre DDMA District Disaster Management Authority DDP District Domestic Product DFO Divisional Forest Officer DISE District Information for System on Education DPAP Drought Prone Area Programme DPC District Planning Committee DPR District Panchayat Report DRCS Deputy Registrar of Co-operative Societies DRDA District Rural Development Agency DSWO District Social Welfare Officer DWO District Welfare Officer DWSM District Water & Sanitation Mission FFDA Fish Farmers’ Development Agency FTD Fever Treatment Department


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GCA Gross Cultivated Area GDDP Gross District Domestic Product GDI Gender Development Report GFTMA Global Fund to Fight Tuberculosis, Malaria & AIDS GP Gram Panchayat HCR Head Count Ratio HDI Human Development Index HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HYV High Yielding Variety IAY Indira Awas Yojna ICDS Integrated Child Development Services ICT Information Communication Technology IDBI Industrial Development Bank of India IDP Integrated District Plan IMR Infant Mortality Rate ISOPOM Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil Palm and Maize KGBV Kasturaba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya KVIC Khadi & Village Industries Commission LDB Land Development Bank LDM Lead Bank Manager LI Lift Irrigation MDA Mass Drug Administration MDM Mid-day Meal MI Minor Irrigation MIP Minor Irrigation Project MLVs Malaria Link Volunteers MMR Maternal Mortality Rate NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development NAC Notified Area Council NDC National Development Council NFBS National Family Benefit Scheme NGO Non-Governmental Organization NHM National Horticulture Mission NMBS National Maternity Benefit Scheme NOAP National Old Age Pension NREGS National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme NRHM National Rural Health Mission NSAP National Social Assistance Programme NTFP Non-Timber Forest Products OMFED Orissa State Co-operative Milk Producers’ Federation OREDA Orissa Renewable Energy Development Agency PACS Primary Agricultural Co-operative Society PHC Public Health Centre PMGSY Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana

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PPP Public Private Partnership PPTCT Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission PRI Panchayati Raj Institution PS Panchayat Samiti R&B Road and Buildings RCH Reproductive Child and Health RGGVY Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyudtikaran Yojna RKVY Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna RMC Regulated Market Committee RSM Rural Sanitary Mart SCSP Scheduled Caste Sub-Plan SDH Sub-Divisional Hospital SDVO Sub-Divisional Veterinary Officer SGSY Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana SHG Self Help Group SOAP State Old Age Pension SRI System of Rice Intensification SSA Sarva Sikshya Abhiyan SSI Small Scale Industry SSP State Sector Plan SWOT Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat TFC Twelfth Finance Commission TLM Teaching Learning Materials TSC Total Sanitation Campaign TSI Technical Support Institution TSP Tribal Sub-Plan UEE Universalisation of Elementary Education UGPHC Up-graded Primary Health Centre UIP Universal Immunization Programme ULBs Urban Local Bodies VCCTC Voluntary Confidential Counselling & Testing Centre VSS Vana Samarkshana Samiti WPR Work Participation Ratio WSHG Women Self Help Group ZP Zilla Parishad

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SUMMARY Vision Reduce poverty, hunger and starvation through balanced, inclusive and complementary growth, reduced disparity across regions and groups and ensure gender equity.

Ganjam economy is predominantly agrarian. Around 80 percentage of the population depends on agriculture and allied activities. The long sea and Chilika coast line is a source of rich marine products and lime shells. Ganjam is a major salt producing district in the state. It witnesses a high degree of degree of migration. The district has also seen a strong SHG movement with nearly 20000 SHG groups having nearly 2.5 lakh members

SWOT analysis

Agro-climatic conditions of Ganjam are very congenital and suitable for agriculture and horticulture. It is the major producer of paddy in the state. The long coast line offers great scope for fishing, salt production and eco-tourism. However, the district is frequently affected by natural calamities like droughts, floods and cyclones.

Lead Sector: The lead sectors include agriculture and allied sectors, irrigation, rural development, social services and road infrastructure

Gap Filling: The total resource requirement for the district is 157425.34 lakh.The total resource avialble is Rs155150.51 lakh. Hence. There is a gap of Rs. 2274.82 lakh which can be filled up from NREGS, BRGF, SSA, & NRHM Hence more emphasis has been

given to Agriculture and allied sector, Irrigation and Flood control sector, Transport sector and social sector in the Comprehensive District Plan of Ganjam district for the year 2012-13.

District Profile at a glance SN Details Value 1 Geographical Area [Sq.km] 8206 2 Forest Area (Ha) 38.38 3 Subdivisions [Nos] 3 4 CD Blocks [Nos] 22 5 Municipality/NAC [Nos] 18 6 Gram Panchayat [Nos] 475 7 villages [Nos] 3212 8 Population (2001 Census) 3,161,000 9 Rural Population (%) 82.40

10 Urban Population (%) 17.60 11 ST Population (%) 2.90 12 SC population (%) 18.57 13 Population Density (person/sq. km) 385 14 Decennial Growth Rate (%) 91-01 16.88 15 Sex Ratio 998 16 Literacy Rate (%) 60.77 17 Female Literacy Rate (%) 46.44 18 Male Literacy Rate (%) 75.22

Sl. No

Sectors Resource Requirement

Resource Availability

Resource Gap

1 AGRICULTURE & ALLIED ACTIVITIES 6948.46 6580.77 367.69 2 RURAL DEVELOPMENT 10998.6 10998.6 0.00 3 SPECIAL AREA PROGRAMMES 3843.00 3843.00

4 IRRIGATION & FLOOD CONTROL 24296.51 24023.51 273.00 5 ENERGY 24.00 24.00 0.00 6 INDUSTRY AND MINERALS 3495.24 3495.24 0.00 7 TRANSPORT 31724.54 31714.54 10

8 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT 1155.24 1155.24

9 GENERAL ECONOMIC SERVICES 2700.00 2700.00 0

10 SOCIAL SERVICES 72239.77926 70615.62 1624.15926 Sub total 157425.34 155150.51 2274.82

11 NREGS/BRGF/RLTAP 0 2274.82 -2274.82 Grand Total 157425.34 157425.34


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CHAPTER- I

GANJAM DISTRICT: COMPREHENSIVE DISTRICT PLAN

Introduction

India adopted economic planning with the launch of the First Five Year Plan in 1951. Initially, the Five Year Plans were mainly the centralized plans. But from the very first plan onwards, attempts have been made by the government to introduce some degree of decentralization into the planning process by strengthening local level planning. Till the end of 10th plan period, decentralized planning was in dormant stage and actual planning in a decentralized mode failed to evolve due to many reasons. But the process took momentum during 11th plan period when all out emphasis was placed to make the decentralized planning realistic. The evolution of decentralized planning passed through different phases in the country and accelerated during the present plan i.e. 11th plan period. The central government put utmost emphasis on decentralized and participatory planning process in the coming 12th Five Year Planning period (2012-17) State Initiatives in Planning

The Government of Orissa has been instrumental in carrying out the decentralized planning in the state covering all the districts. With the Guidance & support of the Planning and Coordination Department, Government of Orissa, since 2008-09, each district has been preparing the district plan articulating their physical and financial requirements. The state has identified a panel of TSIs in the state, based on their experience and expertise, to facilitate the district planning process. The TSIs have been trained / oriented by the Department so that they can effectively facilitate the process at the district level. The TSIs have been instrumental in concretising the decentralized planning process in the state with the support of district administration and DPMUs. CTRAN as TSI

CTRAN has been assigned with the responsibility to facilitate the district planning process in Ganjam. The assignment given by the Government is to support the district administration in preparing perspective plan for 12th plan period and annual plan for 2012-13. 1.1 Methodology The approach to district planning process was both participatory and consultative in nature, which encompassed stakeholders from different sectors. The information collection and sharing methodology included interview, participatory consultation, scheduled based information collection and feedback collection. The Integrated District Planning Manual developed by Planning Commission, Government of India was referred for the process of data collection, information sharing and planning. At GP level, PRI members were considered to be the major


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contributors whereas district administration and line departments played an important role in the overall consultation process. At the block level, mixed approach was adopted taking both government officials and PRI members into the fold of plan preparation. Opinions of all the stakeholders were taken for preparing the district plan. For planning, both primary and secondary information were collected with reference to the guideline issued by P & C Department, Government of Orissa. The approach was basically consultative and participatory in nature whereas emphasis was laid upon both qualitative and quantitative dimensions of district situation. The overall processes followed are reflected below.

Organising district level consultation meeting with all the line departments, PRI

members and civil society organisations. Organising block level and NAC level workshops with PRI members of block/NAC

and GP for issue prioritisation by GP and finalisation of GP plan. Consolidation of GP plan at block level incorporating block plans and plans of line

departments [information from some line departments is not available at block level]. Consolidation of block/NAC level plans at district level. Incorporation of Departmental Plans to the overall district planning. Identification of resource gap based on the district resource envelop [mid-course

resource envelop] Preparation of District Plan report with reference to the report structure given by

Planning and Coordination Department, Government of Orissa. Placing the final financial report before DPC for approval.

Preliminary Discussion with P&C Department:

An exclusive meeting was organised by P&C Department with all the TSIs to orient them on the planning process. The discussion was basically on developing district perspective, identifying lead sectors, revisiting the district vision and preparing the plan accordingly. Representative from CTRAN also attended the meeting. 1.2 Designing the Tools:

Different tools were designed to review the vision document and facilitate the planning process in the district. The tools so developed and shared at the district level are as follows. All the developed tools are submitted to the DPMU, Ganjam for reference and necessary action.

1. Baseline information tool to capture secondary information

2. Planning Format for GP level Planning

3. Vision revisiting and Perspective Building Framework

4. Output and Convergence Plan Framework and

5. Planning Tool [five year and annual]


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The formats given by the Planning and Coordination Department, Government of Orissa are also customised for use in the district planning process. The GP level planning formats and gist of decentralised planning also provided in simply language.

1.3 District Consultation:

Preliminary consultation held with the Collector and District Magistrate of Ganjam, Deputy Director of District Planning & Monitoring Unit and other department officials on 11.08.2011 in the conference hall of DRDA-Chatrapur. The developed tools were shared with them and submitted for circulation to different departments / planning units for information.

District level consultation workshop at DRDA Conference Hall.

1.4 Finalisation of Planning Team:

For facilitating district planning, a 19 members team is finalised comprising persons having experience in planning and have been associated in the district planning process. The core team of CTRAN would be guiding the overall process and support at the time of requirement. 1.5 Orientation of Planning Team:

Selected members of the finalised team were oriented on the planning tools, methodology and process of planning. Two day’s orientation was conducted for them at Bhubaneswar level to acquaint them on the aforementioned aspects. It is further planning to have one day field orientation at the district level, once the team moves to the district. 1.6 District Consultation Workshop:

After detail discussion with the DPMU and the District Administration, district consultation workshop on planning was held on 11th August 2011. There was a detail presentation on the planning process, formulation of comprehensive District Plan for 2012-13, Five Year Perspective Plan 2012-17, Five Year BRGF Plan of Ganjam district along with discussion and review on the vision and perspective.


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1.7 Block/ULB Level workshop:

As per the direction of the District Collector & guidance by Deputy Director DPMU, Ganjam the Block level/ ULB level workshops was held from 16-8-2011 to 30-8-2011 at every Block/ULB head quarters with the cooperation of Blocks/ULBs officials .

1.8 Gram Panchayat Level Consultation:

The researchers of CTRAN Consulting visited and interacted with GP level PRI members, Executive officers and other stakeholders related to plan formulation.

1.9 Data Collection

Planning demands the most relevant data as well as information of various directions. The required information has been collected from GPs, Blocks/ULBs and from the line departments through specific format. At the time of data collection, some valuable information like constraints and prospects has been collected through discussions which are reflected by the respective departments in the Plan document. Project proposals have been collected from GPs, Blocks/ULBs and from the line departments in the specified format to find out their requirements and resource gap in the district level.

1.10 Plan Compilation

The data or information gathered from different sectors and various sources have been compiled to have a clear idea about the development scenario of the district. Data from rural, urban as well as line departments have been scaled up to measure the success of various schemes and programmes. Specific frameworks had been designed for the collection of data, making it easier for the process of compilation and analysis. The data have been compiled sector-wise, year-wise, scheme-wise, beneficiary-wise etc. in order to draw an easy conclusion of the developmental process in the district.


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Details of district Level workshop on formulation of Annual Plan 2012-13


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Date Place Key Participants No. of Participants

18-11-2011 Conference Hall, DRDA

DPC Chairperson, DPC Members, Collector and DM, Ganjam, PD, DRDA, DDP Ganjam, UNO Volunteers

90+

Block/ULB level Sensitization workshops-Consolidated Profile of the Participants

Sl.No. Date Name of the Blocks Name of the Venue1 16-08-2011 Aska NAC Conference Hall 2 18-08-2011 Purusottampur Purusottampur ICDS & NAC Conference 3 19-08-2011 Berhampur Municipality Conference 4 19-08-2011 Gopalpur NAC Conference Hall 5 20-08-2011 Polsara Polsara Block & NAC Conference 6 22-08-2011 Patrapur Block Conference Hall 7 23-08-2011 Buguda Buguda Block & NAC Conference 8 23-08-2011 Hinjulkat Hinjulkat Block & NAC Conference 9 24-08-2011 K S Nagar K S Nagar Block & NAC Conference

10 24-08-2011 Beguniapada Block Conference Hall 11 24-8-2011 Chikiti Chikiti Block & NAC Conference 12 25-08-2011 Aska ICDS Conference Hall 13 25-08-2011 Sorada Block Conference Hall 14 25-08-2011 Seragarh Block Conference Hall 15 25-08-2011 Bhanjanagar Bhanjanagar Block & NAC Conference 16 25-08-2011 Rangeilunda Block Conference Hall 17 25-08-2011 Chatrapur Ganjam Block & NAC Conference 18 25-08-2011 Kukudakhandi Block Conference Hall 19 26-08-2011 Jagannath Prasad Block Conference Hall 20 26-08-2011 Sanakhemundi Block Conference Hall 21 26-08-2011 Digapahandi Digapahandi Block & NAC Conference 22 26-08-2011 Belaguntha Belaguntha Block & NAC Conference 23 26-08-2011 Dharakote Block Conference Hall 24 27-08-2011 Ganjam Chatrapur Block & NAC Conference 25 29-08-2011 Khalikote Khalikote Block & NAC Conference 26 29-08-2011 Rambha NAC Conference Hall 27 30-08-2011 Sorada NAC Conference Hall

1.11 Major issues raised at the workshops Various issues relating to the development of the district were raised and discussed at the workshops. The participants agreed that effective training and awareness activities should be organized at regular intervals. Numbers of issues have been raised by the PRI members attended in these workshops and the same were discussed. People became aware about


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planning, priority, vision and also how to plan in grass-root level. However, the following commonly agreed issues are developed through consultation.

Peoples demand more funds on development of road and communication. People of the district are more conscious about sanitation and safe drinking water and

the present fund is not sufficient to meet the local demand. So they are demanding additional funds to fulfill the requirement.

Additional funds should be provided for development of irrigation sector Provision of adequate funds to take up over head tanks under rural as well urban piped

water supply schemes

DISTRICT BACKGROUND AND PROFILE

1.12: History of Ganjam 1.12.1: Historical Background

Ancient Ganjam -The Ganjam area was a part of ancient Kalinga empire which was occupied by Ashok in 261 B.C During this period it was the main route of South and East for shipping. Its huge number of black elephants attracted king Ashok for invading Kalinga.

Mediaeval Ganjam-The district was named after the old township and European fort of Ganjam situated on the northern bank of river Rushikulya, which was the headquarter of the district. In 1757 it was French Commander Bussy, who marched into Ganjam and realized areas of tribute from feudal chiefs. It was the English who ultimately defeated the French in the Deccan and annexed Ganjam in 1759.

Modern Ganjam–The modern Ganjam carved out of the Vizag district of Madras Presidency and came into existence on 31.03.1936. The office of the Collector, Ganjam was established in 1794. Ganjam was a part of the then Vizag District of Madras Presidency till 31.03.1936. The district got separated from Madras Presidency and formed a part of the newly created state of Orissa with effect from 1.4.1936. The re-organized district comprises the whole of Ghumusor, Chatrapur and Baliguda divisions, part of old Berhampur taluk, part of old Ichapur taluk, part of Parlakhemundi plains and the whole of Parlakhemundi agency area in the old Chicacola division.

As per recent, the 1992 reorganized plan of Ganjam by Government of Orissa, the 7 blocks of Parlakhemundi subdivision were separated and the new district of Gajapati came into being. As such Ganjam at present constitutes of 3 subdivisions, 22 blocks, 14 Tahasils and 18 urban areas.


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1.13: PHYSIORAPHY Ganjam district is broadly divided into two divisions, the coastal plains area in the east and hill and table lands in the west. The eastern ghats run along the western side of the district. The plains lies between the eastern ghats and the Bay of Bengal. Since the hills are close to the sea, the rivers flowing from hills are not very long and are subject to sudden floods. The plains are narrow because of the absence of big rivers. The coastal plains in the east contain more fertile and irrigated lands. Towards the centre and south it is hilly with beautiful well watered valley. The south eastern portion is fertile. The extreme north east is occupied by a portion of the famous Chilika lake.Spreading over an area of 8206.0 Sq.km, it is surrounded by Kandhamal in the North-West, Nayagarh in the North, Khurda in the North-East, Gajapati district in the West and Bay of Bengal in the South-East. On its Southern periphery the district borders the state of Andhra Pradesh. (See Map 2)

1.13.1: LAND AND SOIL

Broadly, physiographic features of the district can be divided into two parts namely, the coastal plains in the East and the hills and table land in the West. While the former is fertile and close to irrigation sources, the latter is rocky and lacks irrigation facilities. The plains lying between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal are narrow. Since the hills are close to the sea, the rivers flowing from hills are not very long and are subject to sudden flood. The rock pattern of Ganjam district indicates that there are brown and laterites, Gondwanas, Cuddapah, newer Dolerites and Archus comprising of igneous metamorphic rocks. The chief rock types are Khandalite, Granitoieo and Granitifrious. Generally the soil of Ganjam has three types; Sandy loam (yellow) 2-Clay loam (alluvial) 3-Latraitie (red). (See Map 1.2)


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Black Soil

Grey Soil

Skeletal Soil

Aeric Soil

Red Lateritic Soil

Map‐1 SOIL MAP OF GANJAM DISTRICT


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1.13.2: Land Holding Pattern Ganjam has total geographical area of 8206.00 sq.km., having forest area of 3149.9 sq.km and total cultivable area of 434000 ha. The permanent pasture and grazing land comprises 20,000 ha. area out of the total area. The barren and un-cultivable waste land comprises 37,000 ha. area and total fallow land 28,000 ha. 1.13.3 : District Overview

Table 1: District Overview

S.No Feature Unit Value

1 Geographical area Sq.Km 8206

2 Total Population Lakh 31.61

3 Sub-divisions No 3

4 Blocks No 22

5 RI Circles No 198

6 No of Tahasils No 14

7 Revenue villages No 3229

8 Gram Panchayats (Village Councils) No 475

9 Municipal Coporation No 1

10 NAC No 17

11 Length of road network Km 3455.57

12 Length of rail network Km 85.64

13 Rivers No 4

14 Water bodies No 1761

16 Irrigated agriculture Hectares(Lakh) 2.83

17 Rain fed agriculture Hectares(Lakh) 381

18 Wasteland Hectares(,000 ha) 20

19 Forests Sq.Km (lakh) 3.15

20 Major and medium dams No 11

21 Large and medium industries No 2

22 Normal Rainfall (MM) 1295.6

23 Density of population as per Sq Km 385

Source: District Statistical hand book 2007, www.ganjam.nic.in

1.14: Demography

Ganjam is also the largest populous district (3160635 as per 2001 census) of Orissa. Ganjam district has a population of 3160635 people, 1581986 no. of male and 1578649 no. of female. Out of the total population, SC constitutes of 586798 numbers and ST constitutes of 90919 numbers.


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Table 2.1: Population composition

S.No Age Group (Yrs) Total

1 0 – 4 years 314,793

2 5 – 14 years 771,398

3 15 – 59 years 1,795,114

4 60 years and above 279,330

Source: Census 2001

Table 2.2: Demographic profile of the district

U/R/ Total

Population Growth rate Sex ratio

Persons Male Female Number % Females/

1000males

Urban 556359 286900 269459 132606 31.29 939

Rural 2604276 1295086 1309190 323973 14.21 1011

Total 3160635 1581986 1578649 456579 16.88 998 Source: Census 2001

Table 2.3 : Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Population

Urban/Rural/ Total

Scheduled Castes Population.

% to Total Populatio

n

Scheduled Tribes Population

% to Total Populatio

n Persons

Male Female

Persons

Male Female

Urban 68763 34379 34384 12.36 3608 1958 1650 0.65

Rural 518036 25730

3 260732 19.89 87311

43885

43426 3.35

Total 586798 29168

2 295116 18.57 90919

45843

45076 2.88

Source: Census 2001

Table 3 : Demographic characteristics

S.No Parameter/Indicator Male Female Average

1 Fertility rate (Health survey 2010) 2.6

2 Mortality rate (Health survey 2010) 56 66

3 Life expentanct at birth (Census 2001) 62 61

4 Age at marriage Marriage 21 18

5 Family Planning coverage (Economic survey 2002-03) 3.5 Lakh


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1.15: Social Group Composition

Most of the inhabitants of this district belong to Hindu religion. The following table gives the clear picture of the social group composition in the district.

Table 4: Social Group Composition

Sl.No Social Group Male Female Total (in No.)

(%)

1 SC 291682 295116 586798 18.57

2 ST 45843 45076 90919 2.88

3 Hindu 3132628 99.11

4 Muslim 10910 0.35

5 Christian 14818 0.47

6 Buddhist 39 0.00

7 Sikh 325 0.01

8 Other 1915 0.06

9 All Social Goups 1581986 1578649 3160635

Source: District Statistical Handbook Ganjam 2007

1.16: Public infrastructure and Services.

Human Resource Development requires the removal of several societal, economical, infrastructural and other issues such as; poverty, poor economic opportunities, social deprivation, etc. The objective is to provide each individual the opportunity to live a long and healthy life participating in the development process as real agents of change. Provision of safe drinking water is one of the major aims that all households can avail of by 2020. This will help in reducing water borne diseases.


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Table 5 : Public infrastructure and services

S.no Infrastructure Availability norm Actual status (Km & No)

1 Pucca road Each Habitation 4024.24

2 Bus service Each Habitation 933

3 Electricity connection Each Habitation 4286

4 Piped water Each Habitation 643

5 Anganwadi centres Each Habitation 2559

6 Primary school Per unit population 3311

7 College Per unit population 92

8 PHC Per unit population 8

9 PHC (N) Per unit population 87

10 Sub centre Per unit population 460

11 Medical college Per unit population 1

12 Allopathic Institutions Per unit population 118

13 District Head Quarter Hospital Per unit population 1

14 Sub-divisional Hospital (SDH) Per unit population 2

15 Area Hospital Per unit population 2

16 Community Health Centre Per unit population 17

17 Community Health Centre (CHC) Per unit population 5

18 Community Health Centre (CHC-I) Per unit population 5

19 Community Health Centre (CHC-II) Per unit population 7

20 Up-graded Primary Health Centre (UGPHC)

Per unit population 1

21 Livestock Aid Centres Per unit population 245

22 Police station Per unit population 28

23 Post office Per unit population 690

24 Bank/credit agency Per unit population 250

25 Agri. marketing centre As Per Local condition 451

26 Major irrigation projects As Per Local condition 1

27 Medium irrigation projects As Per Local condition 10

28 Minor irrigation projects As Per Local condition 1015

29 Virtutal Connectivity As Per Local condition 922

Source: ganjam.nic.in

1.17 : Sector: Nutrition (ICDS), Service: Anganwadi Centres

There are 2559 Anganwadi centres in Ganjam district and 2265 workers are working, regarding toilet facility 786 toilets at the Anganwadi centres.


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Table 6 : Infrastructure and service quality: Anganwadi Centres Sector: Nutrition (ICDS), Service: Anganwadi Centres

S.No Facility Norm Actual status Gap

1 Provision of Anganwadi Centres Per 1500 population 2559 453

2 Location Within 1 Km of village 2559

3 Anganwadi Workers 1 Teacher for 1 Anganwadi 2265 294

4 Anganwadi Helpers 1 Assitant for 1 Anganwadi 2345 214

5 Toilet Facility Attached toilet 786 1773


1.18 Service : Primary and secondary schools

Education is the harbinger of development and the teachers are the mascots of school education, discipline and administration. It fosters rational thinking in children, hones their skills and prepares them with a more sound future. It is the medium through which socio-economic transformation is possible.

There are 3311 Primary schools in each habitation, 2110 toilet unit are consisting in the schools and 7853 staffs are available. Provision of secondary schools there are 502 consisting in various location and available of 4103 staffs.

Table 7 : Infrastructure and service quality : Schools

Service : Primary and secondary schools

Service Facility Norm Actual status

Primary School Provision of primary schools

Each habitation 3311

Toilet facility 1. toilet unit consisting of 2 latrines and 3 urinals, separate toilet for girls.

2110

Staff 1 teacher per 40 students plus a clerk and assistants

7853

Secondary School Provision of secondary schools

As per local condition 502

Staff 1 teacher per 40 students, all class room fitted with blackboard, maps and informative charts

4103



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1.19 : Health

Health care system in Ganjam needs substantial improvement. The strength of doctors is not as per allocation. Besides, due to insecure and inadequate communication system, the doctors are unable to render services to patients and at most times it becomes impossible on their part to attend for follow-up actions in inaccessible and interior parts of the district.

Hence, adequate steps are necessary to provide qualitative, preventive, promotive and curative health care services to all people, especially the vulnerable and disadvantaged groups. Ganjam district has 30 CHCs and 92 PHCs. It has also one Medical college with advanced and modern health care facilities. There are 365 doctors working in different DHH, CHC and PHCs. There are 460 Sub Centrea and ANM working for providing better health and alternative care service in Ganjam.

Table 8 :Infrastructure and service quality: PHC and rural hospital

Service: Primary Health Centres and Sub Centres

S.No Service Facility Norm Actual status

Gap

1 Sub Centre Provision of Sub Centre

Per 5000 Population

460

Human resource 460 632

2 Primary Health Centre

Provision of PHC & PHC(N)

Per 30,000 population

95

Human resource Availability of Doctors

82

3 District Head Quarter Hospital

1

4 Sub -divisional Hospital

2

5 Area Hospital 2

6 Community Health Centre

30

7 Up-graded Primary Health Centre

1

Source: ganjamnic.gov.in


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1.20 Public infrastructure and Service quality

Table 9 :Public infrastructure and service quality : Other services

S. No Infrastructure Quality Norm Actual status (In Km & No)

1 Pucca road Major District road All season usability 144.32

Other District road All season usability 477.23

Rural road All season usability 2226.98

Gram Panchayat road All season usability 4024.24

2 Bus service Minimum once a day 933

3 Piped water 643

4 Household Latrines (BPL) 125579

5 Household Latrines (APL) 49838

6 Veterinary clinic 245

7 Police Station 29

8 Post Office 690

9 Bank credit agency 250

10 Agri marketing centre 451

11 Virtual connectivity 922 Source : Executive Engineer R.W Division - II Ganjam, Berhampur & ganjamnic.gov.in 1.21: Essential and documentary services There are 301581 BPL card & 292586 Ration card holders getting the services, 2338403 persons has received the voter identity card, 411829 persons are getting EGS card. 79620 persons has received Antodaya card & 5534 Annapurna card.

Table 10: Essential documentary services

S.No Service Norm Status ( No)

1 BPL card Eligible family 301581

2 Ration card Eligible family 292586

3 Voter identity card Eligible person 2338403

4 EGS card Eligible person 411829

5 Antodaya card Eligible person 79620

6 Annapurna card Eligible person 5534

Source: ganjamnic.gov.in


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1.22 Public Health Characteristics

Table 11: Public health characterstics

S.No Parameter/Indicator Total (No) Percentage/Rate

1 Total Pregnant women 30237 48.74

2 Total nursing mother 21233 41.25

4 Neo natal mortality 38 3.8

5 Infant/Child mortality 93

6 HIV/AIDS 1057 0.03

7 Infant Mortality rate 61 6.1

8 Maternal mortality rate 77 7.7

9 Total fertility rate 2.6

Source: Annual Health survey 2010.

1.23 Socio –economic information

Socio -economic informationTable 12: Literacy and Education

S.No Parameter/Indicator Male Female Total %

1 Basic literacy (Census 2011) 1,283,157 961,251 2,244,408 72

2 Students in Primary school 372849

3 Students in ME school 131275

4 Students in High school 97478

Source: Census 2001

1.24 Employment and Self Employment

Table 13: Employment and Self Employment

S.No Parameter/Indicator Unit Total

1 Self employed in farm activities No 3,90,889

2 Small and marginal farmers No 3,50,800

3 Agricultural labours No 3,01,190

4 Artisans No 3,11,989

5 Houseldhold and Cottage Industries No 43,262

6 Allied and Agro activities No 24,067

7 Other workers No 5,81,397

Source: Census 2001


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1.25 Agriculture and allied farm sector activities

1.26 Industry and Commerce

Table 15: Industry & Commerce

S.NO Parameter/Indicator Unit Status

1 Total land under industries Ha 2464.05

2 Total number of primary sector industries

No 4221

3 Total number of secondary industries No 1015

4 Total number of tertiary sector industries

No 11

Source: GM, DIC & Asst. Director, Textile, Berhampur

Table 14: Agriculture and allied farm sector activities

S.No Parameter/Indicator Unit Status

1 Total agriculture land Ha 6.4 (lakh)

2 Irrigated agriculture Ha 293192

3 Non irrigated agriculture Ha 21,000

4 Waste land/Uncultivable land Ha 37,000

6 Total livestock population (2003) No

6 Cattle No 831156

7 Buffalo No 127858

8 Sheep No 141731

9 Goat No 215152

10 Pig No 9757

11 Poultry No 1652764

12 Total land under grazing Ha 20,000

Source : Orissa Agricultural statistics 2007-08.


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1.27 Household income and amenities

Table 16: Household income and amenities

S.No Service Unit/Norm

Status

1 Average family income Rs 12742

2 Household with gas connection No 323504.1

3 Habitations with electrified No 4286

4 Habitation with drinking water supply No 7356

5 Household with attached toilets (BPL) No 125579

6 Household with attached toilets (APL) No 49838

Source: www.ganjam.nic.in

1.28 Social Security

Table 17: Social Security

S.No Parameter/Indicator Unit Total 1 No of beneficiaries covered under NOAP No 25541 2 No of beneficiaries covered under SOAP No 47293 3 No of beneficiaries covered under ODP No 10514 Source: Statistical handbook Ganjam 2005. 1.29: PRODUCTIVITY 1.29.1: Agriculture Agriculture is the backbone of the economy and around 80% people of Ganjam district depend on Agriculture and Allied Activities. Gross cropped area of Ganjam is estimated at 6.4 lakh ha.The total irrigated area so far surveyed is 293192 ha. for Kharif and 58730 ha. for Rabi crops. Therefore nearly 50% of the gross cropped area has got the possibility of getting irrigation facilities. As against this potential only 2.83 lakh ha. get actual irrigation facility to grow various crops. Therefore only 41.54% crops get irrigation facility. Different crops are sown under rainfed condition in nearly 58% of the cultivated areas. Except Jagannath Prasad block all the blocks of Ganjam have more than 35% of the cultivable land having irrigation facility from various sources. A variety of crops like paddy, groundnut, sugarcane, maize, oil seeds, millets, green gram, black gram, horse gram etc. are grown in the district.


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Agriculture

Sl. No. Particulars Unit (,000 ha.)

1 Total Cultivable Area 4062 Net Area Sown 381

3 Current Fallow 25

4 Other Fallow 6

5 Barren & Uncultivable Waste Land 206 Land Put to Non-Agricultural Use 21

7 Cultivable Waste Land 11

8 Misc. tree & Groves 22

9 Permanent Pasture 20

10 Area Under Principal Crops (Kharif & Rabi) 664.0911 Forest Area 315

Source : Orissa Agricultural Statistics 2007-08

Production of Major Agricultural Crops

Sl. No. Particulars Yield Kg/ha. Production in '000 MT 1 Rice 2280 621.022 Wheat 1660 0.123 Maize 1353 12.664 Ragi 939 42.735 Total Cereals 2058 677.706 Mung 408 50.617 Biri 460 22.478 Kulthi 404 5.639 Cowpea 635 3.53

10 Arhar 770 9.2211 Field pea 675 1.1312 Groundnut 1539 36.8613 Sesame 401 12.1314 Caster 621 0.8715 Mustard 537 0.4716 Total condiments &

spices 1035 5.32

17 Sugarcane 77405 245.3718 Total Vegetables 11521 534.57

Source: Orissa Agricultural Statistics 2007-08


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Consumption of Fertilizer

Particulars Unit (MT) Unit (MT)

Odisha Ganjam

Nitrogenous 272104 25067

Phosphatic 116766 5195

Potas 63033 3905

Total 451903 34167

Grosaa Cropped Area (in, 000 ha.)

8668.73 664.09

Fertiliser Consumption (KG/Ha.) 52 51

Source: Odisha Agricultural Statistics 2007‐08.

1.30: FOREST AND CLIMATE

The district is rich in mountains and forests, some valuable wood like Sal, Teak, Gambhari are found in plenty in the forests. Forest products like Bamboo, Medicinal plants of various types, Jhuna, Mahul, Lakha, Sal leaves influence its economy. The total coverage of the present forest area is 3149.9 sq.km. in Ganjam out of which the area of reserved forests is 1485.69 sq.km. demarcated forest is 143.54 sq.km., un-classified forest is 0.86 sq.km. and un-demarcated protected forest area is 1167.36 sq.km. The district is characterized by an equitable temperature all through the year, particularly in the coastal regions. The average annual rain fall of the district is 129.60cms. The rainfall generally increases from the coast towards the interior hilly tracks of the district. The relative humidity is high throughout the year specifically in coastal areas. Winds are fairly strong particularly in coastal regions in summer and monsoon months.

1.31: NATURAL RESOURCES

Ganjam is very rich in natural resources like abrasives and grinding materials, limestone (kankar), manganese, monazite, sand and talc. Garnetiferous granitic gnashes and charanokites are used for manufacturing of grinding stones in the district. White clay deposits are also found in different areas of the district.


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Mining

Sl.No Particulars Units

1 Name of the Ore Mineral Sand

2 No. of Working Mines 1

3 Area Covered (in Ha.) 2464.05

4 Output (in, 000 MT) 243

5 Value of Output (Rs. In Lakh) 1041.85

6 Quantity of Export abroad (in, 000MT) 284

7 NO of Workers Employed 954

Source: District Statistical Handbook Ganjam, 2007 1.32: WATER RESOURCES The Bay of Bengal touches the Eastern coast of Ganjam and which extends more than 60 km, it provides unique opportunity for fishing port facilities at Gopalpur for trade. 1.32.1: Rivers, Lakes and Streams There are a number of perennial streams and rivers flowing through this district, flourishing its cultivation-culture and agricultural economy. Among them, the river Rushikulya, Badanadi, Baghua, Dhanei, Bahuda and Ghodahad are the prominent ones that provide opportunities for the irrigation facility. The vast river basin of Rushikulya offers potential for exploration of ground water. These rivers provide opportunity for fishing which is the chief livelihood of many people in the district. Brakish water lagoon Chilika attracts tourists from every corner of country and from around the globe. The perennial streams Nirmaljhar and Taptapani contain medicinal sulphuric water. 1.33: MARINE RESOURCES

The long sea and Chilika coast line is the source of rich marine products in the district. Besides this the coastline serves as a rich resource for lime shells. As a consequence this district supplies sizable portion of total lime needs of the state. Ganjam and Humma near the mouth of river Bahuda and Rushikulya are rich sources of salt production, which caters not only to the needs of the district but also of the state. The total salt producing area of the district is about 5500 acres, out of which 1238 acres are under co-operative societies fold and the rest are on private lease basis. On an average about 50000 to 60000 tons of salt are produced annually.


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About 2000 acres in Ganjam have been identified as suitable for salt farming in the state, but only 50% of the area is utilised. The rest is not being used due to various reasons including siltation, unfavourable topography despite this; Ganjam remains as the major salt-producing district in the state.

1.34: MEANS OF LIVELIHOOD

Most of its people depend on agriculture as their means of livelihood. About 50% people survive on daily wages. Domestic animal resource, marine products and forest products help to add additional income for the people of Ganjam. Only about 30% people are service holders in Government as well as Non-Government/private sectors. Most of the working population is working in the private sector outside the district.

1.35: SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS

Social life is the indicator of economic status of a community. Though the district has rich socio-cultural background, the economic status of the community is not sound. Poverty stands as a barrier in the path of progress. Alcoholic practices of people, which also gets transmitted to other people ruins the social life of the district.

The district’s cultural heritage is dominated and influenced by Telugu people. Its cultural heritage is obviously glamorous. They do not prohibit traditional practices and have not abandoned many of their traditional cultural practices. They are less aware of harmful sexual behaviors due to illiteracy and ignorance. As a result HIV/AIDS is highly prevalent in the district.

1.36: LANGUAGE

Language is the mirror of socio-cultural profile means of communication and symbol of progress. Language is a great vehicle not only in exchange of thought but also in cementing close bonds of friendship and affinity that is essential for social mobilization. Oriya is the mother tongue of the people of Ganjam. However, some people in this district speak Telugu and Schedule tribe population speaks Tribal language.

1.37: OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN

Agriculture is the primary occupation of inhabitants of this district. However due to inadequate irrigation and less fertile land, output of agro products falls short of expectation in this district. Barring a few, the labour class is also engaged in other occupations such as factory work, construction, collection of forest materials, grazing of cattle’s etc. Most of the working population is migrating to outside the state in search of employments and income. Ganjam witnesses a high degree of migration in the state. Very few people are engaged in business or in employment. Only a few are engaged in petty trades.

1.37.1: Occupational Distribution

This district has a large workforce of 927739 persons. The occupational pattern of the work force with percentage to total workers is as under:


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1.38: TRIBAL COMMUNITIES

The physiography of Ganjam gives a prefect platform for the tribals in sustaining their ethno-cultural identity in the district. Forest area covers an area of 315000 ha. out of which 92228.98 ha. consists of reserved forest. The tribal community comprises 2.88% of the total population in Ganjam. The district has been the homeland of various tribal communities with their sub-tribes. The Kondhs and its subsection constitute the major percentage of tribal population in the district and the Souras stand second. There are also other tribal communities who are, however, negligible in number but definitely contribute to the exotic intermingling culture of the district.

1.39: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS

Taking into perspective the three basic components that Human Development Index (HDI) takes into account viz., Health, Education, Infrastructure and basic services. A comparative analysis between Ganjam and Orissa is presented in the following table.


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Human Development Indicators in Orissa and Ganjam

Indicators Orissa Ganjam Rank of Ganjam

Health Index 0.468 0.404 21Income Index 0.545 0.532 13Overall Literacy Rate Index 0.636 0.629 17CGER (6-14 Years) Index 0.896 0.894 15Education Index 0.723 0.718 17Human Development Index 0.579 0.551 20Equally Distributed Health Index 0.471 0.378 21Equally Distributed Education Index 0.713 0.704 17Equally Distributed Income Index 0.455 0.473 12Gender Development Index 0.546 0.518 15Reproductive Health Index 0.549 0.526 20

Source: Human Development Report 2004 pp. 194-202

Overall position of Ganjam District, as far as human development indicators are concerned depicts a moderate picture and in certain indicators better than the state. For instance ‘Equally Distributed Income Index (EDI) Ganjam figures 0.473, whereas state figure is 0.455. Similarly Equally Distributed Education Index: EDEI is nearer to Orissa state figure. State figure is 0.713 whereas the district figure of Ganjam is 0.714. Income index of the district is 0.532, whereas the state figure is 0.545. This is little lower than the state figure. In case of CGER (6-14 years) index the district figure is (0.894) is close proximate to the state figure (0.896). From the above table it is observed that the development indicators of the district exhibits closer to state indicators.

Development Indicators

Development Indicators Ganjam Orissa Data Source

Sex Ratio 998 972 Census, 2001 Percentage of BPL families 55 47 Panchayatiraj Deptt. Literacy Rate (%) 60.77 63.08 Census, 2001 Female Literacy Rate (%) 46.44 50.51 Census, 2001 Total Fertility Rate (TFR) 2.6 2.48 RCH-2 Death Rate (per 1000) 7.1 9.3 RCH-2 Pupil Teacher Ratio (Primary level)

48 39 OPEPA, CTS 2007

Ganjam district is in better position in case of sex ratio and pupil teacher ratio (at primary level) while comparing to the State.

1.40: MKCG Medical College

The MKCG Medical College, Berhampur was started at first as an extension wing of SCB Medical College, Cuttack in the year 1961 with an annual intake of 40 students. Subsequently in


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the year 1962 this college started functioning at Berhampur in some of the Revenue Buildings near the present city hospital which have been taken over for the purpose. Thereafter, for some time the college was functioning in the Ex.R.D.C. building and later shifted to the present building in the year 1968. The medical college providing teaching and training programme to the medical students and experts. The MBBS degree of the college under Berhampur University has been recognised by the Medical Council of India in the year 1969. The college also imparts training in some of the para-medical courses, viz: Laboratory Technician Training, Ophthalmic Assistant Training and Radiographic Training.

Health & Medical facilities

Sl. No. Particulars (In No.) 1 Post Mortem Centre(PMC) 62 First Referral Units (FRU) 83 Blood Bank 34 ILR Point 725 Voluntary Confidential Counseling & Testing

Centre(VCCTC) 2

6 Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission centre 17 Integrated Counseling & Testing Centre (ICTC) 48 STD CLINICS (RTI-STI) 19 P M Center 4

10 Drug Distribution Centre (DDC) 270411 Fever Treatment Deport (FTD) 37912 Malaria Link Volunteers (MLVs) 5213 No of Anganwadi Centers 255914 Angan Wadi Workers (AWW) involved 226515 Sub Centers 46016 X-Ray Unit 1017 Ambulance 3318 Private Doctor 8119 Nursing Homes 2220 SHGs involved in Health programme 1553121 NGOs (Health Sector) 2122 Orphanages 823 Special Schools 624 Old age Home 225 Government Homeopathy Medical College 126 Ayurvedic Medical college, Ankushpur 127 Homoeopathic Institutions 3728 Ayurvedic Institution 4829 Family Counseling Centre 130 Working Women hostel 131 Observation Home (Boys) 1


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32 Observation Home (Girls) 133 Short stay Home (women) 134 ASHA Appointed 272535 AYUSH Doctors 2036 Homoeopathic Doctors 1137 Ayurvedic Doctors 838 Maternity Aid Centre 239 Leprosy Eradication Units 640 Urban Leprosy Centre 1

Source: www.ganjam.nic.in

1..41: Education

The literacy rate of the district as per the 2001 census is 62.94%. Further the female literacy rate is even lower at 47.7%. These are aimed to increase up to 90% and 80% respectively.

There are 3311 government primary schools, 1235 government upper primary schools and 502 government high schools in Ganjam. Besides, there are only 3 Upper Primary aided Schools in the district. The total number of colleges in Ganjam is 79 (both aided and non-aided); out of this only five are government colleges.7853 teachers are working in Primary schools and 2207 teachers are working in Upper Primary Schools against the sanctioned post of Shikshya Sahayak and other regular posts. 4103 teachers are working in government high schools.

Literacy

Urban/ Rural/ Total

No. of Literates Rate of literacy in percentage Persons Male Female Persons Male Female

Urban 391352 223138 168214 79.66 88.24 70.56 Rural 1240370 782447 457923 56.54 72.19 41.25 Total 1631722 1005585 626137 60.77 75.22 46.44

Source: Census 2001

1.42: Infrastructures and Basic Services Amenities

Human Resource Development requires the removal of several societal, economical, infrastructural and other issues such as; poverty, poor economic opportunities, social deprivation, etc. The objective is to provide each individual the opportunity to live a long and healthy life participating in the development process as real agents of change. Provision of safe drinking water is one of the major aims that all households can avail of by 2020. This will help in reducing water borne diseases.

1.42.1: Road and Transportation

This district has good network of roads extending over 3455.57 km. As detailed below:


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Road & Transport (Communication)

Sl. No. Particulars No. of Road Length (In km.)

1 National Highway 2 200.63

2 State Highway 11 550.15

3 Major District Highway 8 144.32

4 Other District Road 59 477.23

5 Rural Roads 436 2226.98

6 Gram Panchayat Road 2636 4024.24

7 Panchayat Samiti Road 471 1104.66

8 Forest road 29 219

9 Railway Route Length - 86

10 Port (Minor) 1

Source : Executive Engineer R.W. Division-II Ganjam, Berhampur

1.43: Railways

The total coverage of railway line in the district is 85.64 km. (Howrah-Madras line) starting from Khalikote in the North to Sorla Road in the South. Berhampur is the main railway station of the district.

1.44: Port

Gopalpur is the only minor and seasonal port of the district. It has been decided to convert it to a major and all season port (in view of 2 major steel plants coming in this area). At present this port is utilized for import of fertilizer, food grains, minerals and export of Indian Rare Earths products.

1.45: Electricity

Electricity is one of the prime inputs for both the economic development and well being of the people. Increase in power generation has cascading effects on all sectors leading to increased growth particularly in industry, agriculture and other ancillary trade and business activities.


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Electricity (2007)

Sl. No. Particulars Unit (In No.)

1 Towns Electrified 18

2 Total Villages 3215

3 Total Inhabited Villages 2812

4 Villages Electrified 25105 % of (inhabited) villages electrified 89

6 Total (inhabited) villages not Electrified 302

7 Total Habitations 4286

8 Total Habitations electrified 2541

9 Total Hamlets 1125

10 Total No. of Hamlets Electrified 209

11 % of hamlets electrified 18.58

Source: GRIDCO, Bhubaneswar

1.46: Irrigation Facilities Agriculture undoubtedly, is the dominant factor for the growth of district economy, but, ‘Irrigation’ holds the key for raising agricultural productivity and production. Inadequacy of irrigational infrastructure in the district has inhabited the agriculture sector. Hence much importance has been attached to the irrigation sector (both flow and lift) in present plan strategy. Irrigation is most essential input for agricultural production and productivity. Double and triple cropping in the district is feeble due to lack of adequate irrigation facilities.

Irrigation (2007-08)

Sources Potential (In ‘000 ha.)

Kharif Rabi

Major and Medium Irrigation 130.08 13.68Minor (Flow) Irrigation 103.93 6.80

Minor Lift 25.09 14.71

Other sources 35.26 35.26

Total 294.36 70.45Source: DDA, Agriculture. Berhampur

1.47: Fisheries Resources Ganjam is potentially rich in inland and Brackish Water Fisheries. It has coastline of 60 km. with 26 fishing villages and 14 fish landing centers. There are about 20000 fishermen population dependent on inland, Brackish Water and marine fisheries. The available inland water resources


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are 27686 ha. out of which 8321.33 ha. are ponds and 19364.91 ha. are reservoirs. The area developed till 31st March 1994 was 5005.42 ha. (pond) and 1910 ha (reservoirs).

The brackish water fisheries development agency had surveyed the area suitable for brackish water prawn culture in the 5 coastal blocks viz. Chatrapur, Ganjam, Khalikote, Rangeilunda and Chikiti and found that 2845.26 ha. are available for development; of this 2394.35 ha. belongs to government and 450.90 ha. belongs to private owners. The area developed till 31st March 1994 under brackish water fisheries was 1284.28 ha.

Fishery (2006-07)

Sl. No. Particulars Units (in MT)

Production of Fish1 Fresh water 21789.92

2 Brackish water 1756.34

3 Total 23546.26

4 Marine water 10100.60

Grand Total 33646.86

Source: www.ganjam.nic.in 1.48: Animal Husbandry A robust growth of Animal Resources with adequate food and fodder will perpetuate the income of the farmers. The Government has peaked white revolution with establishment of OMFED outlets. The present scenario of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary sector of Ganjam is briefly reflected below:

Animal Husbandry (2008)

Sl. No. Particulars Units (In No.)

1 Veterinary Hospital 12 Veterinary Dispensaries 38

3 Livestock Aid Centers 245

4 Livestock Inspectors 240

5 Artificial Insemination Centre 2446 V.A.S 39

7 Additional V.A.S & Junior Veterinary Officer 22

8 SDVO 3

9 Total animals treated 322009

10 No. of castration done 1397411 In fertility camp organized 77

12 Health camp organized 30


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13 Heat induction camp organized 134

14 D-Worming of animals 19957

15 Vaccination (In No.)

16 H.F.V 339650

17 B.Q.V 27290018 A.R.V 218

19 FMD 101270

20 PPR 160900

21 RDV 4660022 Others 35280

Total 956818

23 Artificial insemination made 42914

24 Private Mega Layer Farm 22

25 Private Broiler Farm 15826 Private dairy Farm 608

27 Live Stock Population Census (2003) (In No.)

28 Cattle 831156

29 Buffalo 12785830 Sheep 141731

31 Goat 215152

32 Pig 9757

33 Poultry 1652764

34 Breedable Cattle Population Census 2003 (In No.)35 Indigenous 255710

36 Cross Breed 9525

37 Total 265235

38 Buffalo(Desi) 3951739 Buffalo (Improved) 3296

40 Total 42813

41 Grand Total 380048

42 Total Progeny Born (In No.)43 Male 8458

44 Female 7165

Total 15623

Source: www.ganjam.nic.in 45 Production (For the Year 2007-08)A Milk (in 000 MT) 101.65

B Egg (No. in Millions) 352.42

C Meat (in 000 MT) 5.3

Source: CDVO, Ganjam


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1.49: Postal Services As per the available statistics total no. of Post Offices in Ganjam district are 690.

Post Offices in Ganjam (2007)

Sl. No. Facility Units (In No.) 1 Sub-Post Offices 1142 Branch Post Offices 5723 Total Post Offices 690

Source: District Statistical Handbook Ganjam 2007 1.50: Public Distribution System (PDS)

Basic minimum commodities are being supplied in a subsidized rate to consumer, this system called as PDS, the price of commodities are difference in open market price there is a scope of diversion of subsidized PDS commodities. To maintain transparency and accountability Government has been providing support to CSO, CBO, PRI members and women SHG to operate PDS dealership in their local areas. The Government of Orissa is now implementing new programmes along with other commodities. PDS rice is being supplied @Rs.2.00 kg to all the BPL families. Ganjam has 301581 BPL households. 35 kg. rice per family per month is being provided for AAY families @Rs.2/- per kg. from August, 2008. 79620 are Antodaya cardholders and 5534 are Annapurna cardholders in the district.

1.51: Housing and Sanitation

Housing is one of the three most essential and basic needs, the other two being food and clothing. As an outcome of unequal development and distribution of income, assets and resources, there is mushrooming of slums in and around all major towns urban areas in Ganjam. In rural areas, people residing in Kutcha sheds live adjacent to cattle sheds. People live in small houses with poor sanitation in Ganjam. As per 1991 Census there were a total of 5983250 households and the number of residential houses was 5300570. This shows a shortage of 682680 (11.41%) residential houses. In respect of rural Orissa the shortage was estimated to be 633200 i.e. 12.25%. Since independence, out of 3160635 of the total population, 175417 households have sanitary latrines which are not adequate to meet the sanitary needs. School and other community latrines are not in use. Most of the households use the open field as their common latrine.


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Sanitation (2008)

1 Household Latrines (BPL) 125579

2 Household Latrines (APL) 49838

3 Latrine for Schools 2110

4 Common Sanitary Complex 1

5 Latrines for Anganwadi etc. 786

6 RSM/RSPC 93

Source: www.ganjam.nic.in 1.52: Industry and Employment

The district has three medium scale industrial units namely, M/S Jayashree Chemicals (P) Ltd., M/S Aska Cooperative Sugar Industries and M/S Indian Rare Earths Ltd. Jayashree Chemicals located in Ganjam produces caustic soda, hydrochloric acid and chlorine with an investment of Rs.28.37 crore and has 580 employees. The Sugar Mill in Aska produces sugar, rectified spirit and Carbon dioxide and employs 2526 people with an investment of Rs.17.78 crore. Indian Rare Earths produces Illuminite, Silliminite, Zircon, Rutil and Garnet. It is located in Matikhal and employs 1398 people with an investment of Rs.220.15 crore. Aska Spinning Mill, which was earlier under public sector, has been privatized and runs as a private unit.

Industry (2006-07)

Particulars Units (In No.)

A. LARGE & MEDIUM SCALE INDUSTRY

No. of Units Established 5

Total Capital Investment (Rs. in Lakh) 28216

Employment Generated 5802

B. SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY

No. of SSI Units Established 7776



C. COTTAGE INDUSTRY

No. of Cottage Industry Set up 4221



D. HANDLOOM INDUSTRY

No. of Handloom Weaver Co-Operative Society 37

No. of Members 4865

No. of Looms 3019

No. of Working Looms 1190


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Total Production (as on Feb 2008) (in Lakh meter) 16.59

Value of total Production (Rs. in Lakh) 472.36

Monthly Production (in Lakh meter) 1.20

Value of Monthly Production (Rs. in Lakh) 37.00Source: GM, DIC & Asst. Director, Textile, Berhampur

1.53: Human Resource of the District

At the outset, development aspect of human resource is one of the need based resources for the integrated development of the district. Ganjam is one of the highly populous districts of the state. It contributes towards a major part of human resources in both skilled and unskilled categories. Human resources of the district, mostly assisted by women, contribute in different eco-developmental activities like, farming, business, domestic-animal rearing, fishery, horticulture, handicrafts, cottage industry etc. 1.54: District Income

The district per capita income with population base year as 2001 and total Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) year as 2004-05 was Rs.15,434 per month. The district has shown an average growth rate of 5.88% during the same period. It has also achieved a higher than 4% annual growths (4.45%) in Agriculture and Animal Husbandry sector much ahead of Orissa. Mining and quarrying had achieved above 20% growth rate while forestry is growing under 1% per annum. 1.55: Tourism It is one of the important sectors of district and state economy. It has great potential to stimulate economy growth and generate substantial employment. Ganjam has high potential in tourism spots in comparison to other districts. It is rich in temples, monuments and heritages. The district has more than twenty tourism spots with encircling green hills, streams and wide sea beach at Gopalapur. Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon Chilika at Rambha, beautiful surroundings of Taratarini hill and river Rushikulya, Budhakhola and Biranchi Narayan Wooden Temples at Buguda are also present. Dense forest cover Sinhasini at Polasar, Eco-tourism forest at Bhettnoi and Babanpur with Black Buck, magnificient flowing streams at Nirmalajhar with old temple, gateway goddess Narayani at khalikote, Ghodahada dam, Sapneswar temple, Parsuram Kunda at Tumba hill range, Panchama, Sidhhavaiarbi at Rangeilunad are some of the key tourism features. It can contribute more towards the district and state income if properly developed as tourism spots of significance at the state and the national level. With proper perspective tourism sector can give a boost both to employment and income generation in rural and urban areas.


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Tourist Spots & Distance from District Headquarter (in km.)

Sl. No. Name of the Tourist Spot Distance from District Headquarter (in km.)

1 Arjipally 8

2 Athagarh Patna 55

3 Berhampur 22

4 Buguda 85 5 Chilika Lake (Rambha) 26

6 Girisola 40

7 Gopalpur Sea Beach 33

8 Huma Kantiaguda 20

9 Jaugada 31 10 Kulada (Byaghra Devi) 110

11 Mahuri Kalua 36

12 Mantridi (Bhairabi) 36

13 Narayani 48 14 Nirmaljhar 37

15 Patisonapur 52

16 Potaguda 12

17 Taratarini 33 Source: www.ganjam.nic.in

1.56: Handicrafts of Ganjam The stone sculptures at Mathura village of Ganjam district are of high artistic and aesthetic value. The sculptors have immense talent which has been handed to them through generations. Plastic sculptures in masks or different shapes, prepared at Huma made out of trivial items like waste paper, tamarind seeds, cow dung, etc. helps them make a living. Bellaguntha is globally famous for its artisan expertise on preparation of flexible fish with brass metal. The metal forms of the plastic sculptures are seen in Buguda and Belaguntha. Mathura and Belaguntha showcase brass and bell-metal sculptures. Their artistic range covers daily-use items, temple items, snake moulds and utensils. Berhampur is known as the silk city because of its “pata” sarees. These sarees are famous at national and global level. 1.57: Annual Growth Rate Comparative growth rate of various sectors in Orissa and Ganjam is provided in table below


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Sector-wise Growth Rate (1999-2000 and 2004-05)

Sectors Orissa Ganjam Agriculture & A.H. 2.58 4.45Forestry 0.87 0.87Fishery 3.4 4.49Mining & Quarrying 14.16 24.81Manufacturing Regd. 13.22 13.83Manufacturing Un-Regd. 2.96 1.96Electricity, Gas & Water supply 8.76 9.77Construction 1.13 2.43Trade, Hotel & Restaurant 10.22 8.67Railway 6.09 3.46Transport by Other means 15.24 14.29Storage 13.2 22.17Communication 12.33 12.04Banking & Insurance 8.99 8.86Real Estate, Business & Legal services 4.72 8.01Public Administration 2.48 1.73Other Services 3.98 3.53Total GDP 6.28 5.88

Source: DJRC Estimates on the basis of the data from DES.

1.58: Weather, Climate and Disaster Vulnerability of the District Ganjam district lies between 19º to 20º 17' N latitude and longitude lies between 84º 9' to 85º 11' E. Thus it reflects an agro-based climatic condition of the district throughout the year and during all seasons. May is the hottest month, the average temperature being 32.8º Celsius and December is the coldest month with an average temperature of 16.2º Celsius. The normal annual precipitation in Ganjam is 1189.22 mm. The South-West monsoon brings nearly 66% of the total precipitation in the district. Maximum precipitation occurs in the months of June, July, August and September. In context of disaster, Ganjam is a disaster prone district of Orissa. The cyclone of 1999 and the flood in 1982 were among the major disasters of the district. Flood, drought, cyclone, tidal wave and other epidemics occur frequently in the district. From 100 years of statistics it is found that in every alternative year this district faces a natural calamity. In 1999, cyclone affected all the blocks in the district. Since then Ganjam has experienced flood for 4 years and drought for 4 years.


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Crop Loss due to Drought/Flood in Terms of No. of Villages Affected

Year crop loss 50 to 74% crop loss >75%

2001 5 0

2002 1784 527

2003 172 35

2004 548 295

2005 457 311

2006 2786

Source: District Disaster Management Authority, 2008

1.59: Drinking Water

The people, very often, do consume polluted water and suffer from various diseases. It is because of the non-availability and inaccessibility to the safe water sources, especially in the villages and remote and inaccessible pockets. Hence, supply of piped waters and digging of sanitary wells are necessary to make the availability of safe and clean drinking water. Awareness should sprawl among the vulnerable groups to understand the benefits of consuming the clean waters.

Water Supply Covered Under DWSM & RWSS (2008)

DWSM RWSS BAM.

RWSSBhanj.

DWSM

RWSS BAM.

RWSS Bhanj

TW/ SW/ Pipe W.

Habitation

Tube Well 633 7172 3305 633 2610 3015 11110 6258

Sanitary Well 70 403 151 70 147 238 624 455 Piped water supply

217 142 158 217 157 269 517 643

Tube well in Schools

427 0 427 0

Sanitary well in Schools

41 0 41 0

Total 1388 7717 3614 920 2914 3522 12719 7356Source: www.ganjam.nic.in

1.60: Banking Services

Ganjam District is having many nationalized and private banks spread over 22 blocks and 18 Urban Local Bodies to cater to the needs of the people of the District. There are 250 no. of Banks and 451 no. of co-operatives operating in the District. There are 145 no. of Scheduled


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Commercial Banks. The following tables give an idea about the present position of the banking & co-operative facilities of the district.

Banks

Sl. No. Particulars Co-operative Banks

LDBs RRBs CBs Total

1 No. of Banks 3 1 1 26 31 2 No. of Branches

(i) Rural 9 - 51 71 135 (ii) Semi Urban 17 3 10 28 58 (iii) Urban 6 1 8 46 61

Total 32 4 69 145 250Source: Annual Credit Plan, Andhra Bank (Lead Bank of Ganjam District), 2009-10

Co-operatives

Sl. No. Particulars Unit (In No.) 1 Primary Agricultural Co-Operative Societies 4512 Co-operative Urban Banks 43 House Building Co-op Societies 44 House Building Co-op Societies (Employees’

Cooperative Society, Labour Contract Co-op Societies & Co-operative Stores etc.)

146

5 Wholesale Co-operative Stores 46 Co-operative Sugar Industry 17 Co-operative Cold Storage 1

8 Utkal Ayurvedic Co-op Pharmacy 19 ARCS Circle (Berhampur, Chatrapur & Aska) 3

10 Co-operative Mini Bank opened by AC’s 2210 RCMS (Regional Co-operative Marketing Societies) 411 Members enrolled in co-operative societies 2.54 lakh

Source: Annual Credit Plan, Andhra Bank (Lead Bank of Ganjam District), 2009-10 1.61: Social Justice, Law and Order of Ganjam After creation of the modern Ganjam to an existence on 31.03.1936, a separate Police District was created. There are 29 Police Stations and 20 Out Posts in the district. Protection and preservation of Human Rights is of utmost importance at all times.


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Law & Order (Police Administration)

1 Sub-divisional Police Offices 2

2 Police Circles 53 Police stations 294 Out Posts 205 Town Out posts 96 Beat Houses 8

7 Mahila Police stations 1Source: District Statistical Handbook Ganjam 2007

1.62: Judicial System of Ganjam

Apart from One Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM), there are 7 session judges in Ganjam District. There are 5 sub judges and 3 Sub Divisional Judicial Magistrates and 17 no. of Munsifs and Magistrates are in position in the District. A total number of 2531 no. of Advocates are in profession in the District.

Law & Order (Judicial administration)

1 District sessions and additional district Judges 7

2 Chief and additional Chief Judicial Magistrates 13 Sub-Judges 54 Sub-Divisional Judicial Magistrates 35 Munsif and Magistrates 17

6 Advocates 2531Source: District Statistical Handbook Ganjam 2007

The fact sheet of GPs, Blocks and ULBs is presented in Annexure-G of this report for ready reference.


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CHAPTER- II

SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT AND INDIVIDUAL SECTORS

Ganjam District is richly endowed with immense (i) natural resources like river/stream water, forests and some mineral resources, (ii) human resources with social mobilization of women SHGs & NGOs and (iii) physical resources such as MIPs/LIPs, watershed micro projects, WHS/DWs etc. State of progress, opportunities for development and identification of critical gaps can be measured and understood through an in-depth SWOT analysis of the district and its sectors.

SWOT Analysis of the District

STRENGTHS

Agro-climatic conditions of Ganjam are very congenial and suitable for agriculture and horticulture crops like paddy, mango, cashew, banana, spices, cotton, til, kandul, maize, screw pine etc.

The soil type is skeletal, red, yellow and alluvial and is potentially fertile for cultivation Ganjam is the largest producer of paddy in the state Annual average rainfall of the district is 1296 mm. suitable in stabilizing the production

and productivity of the district Irrigation potential of the district is higher than many other districts of the state Potential for handicraft works like straw, stone-carving, wood and brass metal Fishery related activities are well developed in district, marine-fishing and fishing from

Chilika lagoon. Individual & group fishing activities from village common tank is another fishing potential in the district

The district has many tourism spots like temples, historical monuments, and natural beauty spots

Ganjam is rich in natural resources with large forest coverage and rivers such as Rushikulya, Badanadi, Ghodahada and Baghua. Besides the district has large number of reservoirs, ponds, tanks and dug wells. Ghodahada and Baghua Dam reservoir are major water harvesting structures in the district

Chilika Lake offers great scope for fishing, salt production and eco-tourism The district has 255710 breedable indigenous cattle and 9,525 crossbred cattle. Goat

keeping, sheep rearing, and also poultry comprise of major domestic animal potential in the district

There are plenty of mineral deposits like Bauxite, Graphite, Quartz, Manganese, Granite, red Oxide etc. available

Minor Forest produces viz, tamarind, hill brooms, fibers, oilseeds, kendu leaves, medicinal plants, fruits, roots, gums, tuber, flowers and jhunas etc. in addition to timbers, sal and firewood are available in plenty


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Ganjam has rich cultural heritage like different folk dances, (Prince Group of Ganjam was awarded in Delhi recently). The inhabitants found in this district are very hard working and progressive in nature

Development of ‘Social Capital’ in the form of SHGs (by NGOs and government agencies) provides conducive atmosphere for rapid economic development. Increased credit absorption both in non-farm and farm sectors is a healthy sign

There are a number of perennial streams in the backward hilly areas of the district, which would be harnessed through construction of check-dams, hedgerows, WHS and Micro-watershed projects which have been proposed to create increased irrigation Ayacut, prevent drought situations, soil erosion and re-charge underground water level

WEAKNESSES

Inadequate basic amenities at the urban areas/growth centers Inadequate irrigation facilities in undulating and interior terrain of the district Inadequate technical skills in manpower results in underutilized extension facilities in

agriculture & allied sector High prevalence of HIV/AIDS/STD in certain pockets

OPPORTUNITIES

Integration of agriculture and horticulture can be taken up in a big way Scope for Agro, food processing and mineral based industrial units Marine based industrial units can be set up The Chilika Lake can be better managed to exploit its full potential Irrigation facilities are much better developed in comparison to other districts.

Opportunities exist in efficiently utilizing the full potential or irrigation infrastructures Opportunity for export and import of agricultural products through rail and road

infrastructure that is relatively better developed than in many parts of the state Major Industries: good scope for ancillary and downstream small-scale units Excellent scope for developing and marketing the products of the tribal artisans and

marine products Excellent scope for promoting Eco-tourism Availability of good natural, human and forest resources Progressive and hard-working farming communities Perennial nallas in backward areas for WHS/hedgerows and check-dams The district has 244 artificial insemination centres which can help in increasing the

crossbred population of cattle, which in turn would increase production and productivity of derived products. Similarly there are 517 breedable indigenous buffaloes and 3296 crossbreed buffaloes that would add to the increase in yield rate of milk and milk derivatives like Ghee, butter, cheese etc.


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THREATS

Inadequate market facilities for agricultural, horticultural, marine and forest products including NTFPs and handicrafts

Frequent natural calamities like drought, flood, cyclone etc. affecting the economic backbone of the people in the district

With inter-state migration of labourers from the district to Gujarat and Mumbai the menace of HIV ‘+’/AIDS has risen to alarming proportions

SWOT Analysis of the Individual Sectors

In order to have better accessibility, rural connectivity and market connectivity to the growth centers, connectivity projects have been identified and incorporated in the Integrated District Plan

Major focus on ‘Integrated district plan’ has been attached mainly to the health, education and common infrastructure development sectors, which are found to be the keys for the integrated development of the district by the year 2020

Besides irrigation, food and agriculture creation and formation of markets for trade and development, have also been given priority

Sectoral SWOT Analysis

2.1 Agriculture

Strength

Fertile agricultural land with skeletal, red and yellow, and alluvial soil

Irrigation potential is higher than many districts of Orissa

Surplus agricultural labour Presence of research and

development institution like Pulses Research Center, RITE, Krushi Vigyan Kendra

Weakness

Undulated topography Erratic rainfall Fragmented land holding pattern Majority of farmers are marginal and

small land holders and are below poverty line.

High weed and pest infestation Rainfed agriculture Low productivity in non-irrigated areas Poor marketing strategy of agriculture

produces Inadequate market and storage facility

Opportunity

Good prospect for crop diversification Immense scope for increase in

irrigation potential Intensive and commercial farming Farm mechanization and use of HYV A strong credit structure for financial

assistance to marginal and small farmers

Establishment of village level mandis

Threat

Ganjam district is prone to cyclones, floods and droughts due to climatic change

No comprehensive crop insurance to cover all crops


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2.1 Agriculture Potential to upgrade knowledge and

skills of farmers Scope for export of the agro-products

2.2 Horticulture

Strength

National Horticulture Mission is availing Quality Planting Materials

Good climate and saline soil is much favourable for coconut plantation.

High potential for betel leaves cultivation

cashew production Eastern Ghat upland suitable for

horticultural development Potential areas for vegetable

cultivation Potential for screw pin

scent/Kewada cultivation and essence extraction

Weakness

Poor infrastructure facility Scattered plantation of fruit bearing trees Inadequate knowledge on off and on season

vegetable cultivation High value vegetable crops not grown

according to market demand Lack of proper conservation and storage

facility.

Opportunity

Good Market demand for coconut and tender coconut

Good prospect for floriculture with marigold, jasmine, rose, gladioli and assured marketing

Promotion of mushroom cultivation

Contract farming for horticulture Growing market demand for

vegetable, flowers both within and outside the state

Good scope for export and value addition

Threat

Poor storage and marketing Individual farmer do not have adequate land

for plantation Pest infestation Exploitation of local trader


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2.3 Animal Husbandry Strength

Positive growth rate in productivity of milk, meat and egg

Potential for goat, sheep, cattle, pig poultry rearing

Vast pasture land and forest for grazing

Interest of farmers for animal husbandry

Weakness

Inadequate Livestock Aid Centre Genetic up-gradation of livestock for better

productivity is limited to dairy sector only Outreach of the functionary of the Animal

Husbandry department is restricted due to non availability of mobility, inadequate allowance and extension material. The service is not properly reachable in remote areas

Opportunity

Increased demand for meat, egg milk, and milk products

Establishment of farms through private participation

Forward and backward linkage support to farmers with financial assistance

Replacement of indigenous cattle population with crossbred

Promotion of dairy “White Revolution” in corporate with OMFED.

Threat

Inadequate animal insurance facility Non-availability of improved milch breed in

sufficient numbers Communicable diseases of livestock may

affect the livestock keepers Ban order of the Forest Department to

graze in the forest area

2.4 Fishery

Strength

60 km of coast line touches the eastern frontier of Ganjam

Chilika Lake Large number of reservoirs,

rivers, ponds Institutional support

Weakness

Inadequate awareness regarding aquaculture in interior areas

Water bodies are used for domestic purposes

Inadequate storage and fish processing facility

Opportunity

Good market demand Navigation support for fishing by

ISRO Increasing fish seeds, fingerlings New water bodies constructed

by government line department Renovation of water bodies Better infrastructure for

Threat

Embankment in Chilika Lake Encroachment of the water bodies Inappropriate use of pesticide and fertilizer

diminishing the quality of water for aquaculture.

Lack of insurance policy Erratic rainfall Involvement of large scale industrial house


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aquaculture in aquaculture Basing on the above SWOT analysis Rs.3059.24 lakh is need for Agriculture and allied sector.

2.5 Rural Development

Strength

Multiple benefits from flagship programmes

Power devolution and bottom up planning process

Community participation in development programme.

Employment generation scheme and provision of 60:40 share for manual work and material cost in NREGS.

Creation of sustainable development for landless, marginal and small farmers

Support from CSOs.

Weakness

Poor infrastructure in hinter pockets High gender literacy gap High labour migration among the

productive age group Inadequate supervision, monitoring and

evaluation Sustainable assets can not be created

without increasing the share in material cost in various infrastructure development projects

Opportunity Creation of employment

opportunity for all Industrialization Improvement in communication

facility Plantation program to be taken

up Timely completion of rural

development programme Connectivity of GP to all revenue

villages Natural resource mapping

Threat Some village conflict during

implementation of the schemes Forest fringe area Lack of supply and transportation of

quality material for construction of IAY to hilly area

Basing on the above SWOT analysis Rs.26905.91 lakh is need for Rural Development sector.


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2.6 Irrigation

Strength Supplementary irrigation through

canal Use of various water bodies for

irrigation Facility for lift irrigation

Weakness Many Minor Irrigation Projects (MIP)

are in a defunct situation (currently being revived)

Many lift irrigation points remain defunct

Poor maintenance of water distributaries and drainage system

Electricity scarcity for lift irrigation (LI)

Opportunity

Diversification of water for irrigation

Construction and renovation of the LI Points and MIPs

Private participation in maintenance of LI points

Ground water utilization

Threat

Excessive use of ground water leads to decrease in water table in certain pockets

Basing on the above SWOT analysis Rs.12269.11 lakh is need for Irrigation & Flood Control.

2.7 Energy

Strength

Strategic natural resource for energy generation

High performance transformer Customer care

Weakness

Low voltage in rural area Inadequate electricity supply to

hilly region Lack of awareness among people

about effective use of electricity and power saving

Poor service delivery system Opportunity

Tidal energy Wind-mill energy solar energy bio-diesel plantation biogas

Threat

Erratic climate and natural calamity

Theft of electricity Transmission loss

Basing on the above SWOT analysis Rs.8690 lakh is need for Energy sector.


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2.8 Industry and Mining

Strength Salt production Fish production Sugarcane production Availability of raw material such

as rare earth material and infrastructure

Gopalpur sea port Low labour cost Production of Kewda flower,

lemon grass, fruits etc.

Weakness Lack of proper R&R Policy Lack of R&D programme Labour force is unskilled No financial assistance to farmer for

screw pin flower

Opportunity

Scope for food processing industries

Scope for fishing and fish processing and packaging industries

Scope for processing of rare earth materials

Value addition to agro-forest produces

Threat

Heavy tax burden discourage further investment

Farmers do not get good return from sugarcane, screw pin flower, hence reluctant to cultivate tease crop

2.9 Textile and Handloom

Strength

Availability of large variety of cotton and silk fiber

Availability of skilled man power Growing economy and domestic

and international demand for handloom products

Weakness Non-availability of working capital Traditional technology causes low

productivity Low level of income among weaver

community Lack of continuous quality improvement

program Opportunity

Demand of the handloom would be more in case of introduction of the product in school uniform

Explore demand and designed based products

Value addition on handloom product

Threat

Competition with power loom and international market

Fluctuation in international and domestic market


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2.10 Handicraft

Strength Rich and diversified culture

producing wide array of handicrafts

Famous for bell metal, brass metal work

Abundance of cane and skills for cane-craft

High potential for empowerment of women and youth

Improved economic condition of the people due to implementation of development programmes

Weakness Inadequate institutional support for

handicrafts Price fluctuation in brass metal Replacement of handicrafts with synthetic

material in home décor Unstructured and individualized production

system Insufficient market information on export,

opportunity and prices

Opportunity

Increasing inflow of tourists provide market for the products

High employment potential Tapping unexploited handicrafts

markets

Threat

Competition from fake handicrafts products Changing attitude toward handicraft

products Introduction of plastic and synthetic material

in place of handicrafts

Basing on the above SWOT analysis Rs.106.82 lakh is need for Industry and Mineral sector.

2.11 Road and Buildings

Strength

Wide spread road network Facility for water transportation Connected by Railway Well connected through PMGSY

Weakness

Poor road infrastructure in certain interior pockets

Poor maintenance of road and building

Opportunity

Creation of employment opportunity

Connectivity of GP with all habitations

All weather road connectivity

Threat

Heavy traffic on national highway leads to accidents


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2.12 Forest

Strength Large area cover with bamboo

forestry Potential for exploitation and

value addition of NTFP Community involvement if forest

management

Weakness Poor maintenance of new plantation Frequent forest fire No legal right is given to user community

over NTFP Poor forest protection

Opportunity

Bamboo craft Eco-tourism Wildlife sanctuary Vast area for fruit bearing

plantation Promotion of eco-tourism

Threat

Protection of forest from the mafias Negative attitude toward forest reserve Maoist activity in forest fringe areas

2.13 Education

Strength

Launching of Sarva Sikshya Abhiyan

Inclusive Policy for Child with Special Needs (CWSN)

Literacy mission Effective child tracking system

through OPEPA

Weakness

Poor literacy rate among rural women Gender gap in literacy rate is high Female and male teacher ratio is low in rural

areas Lack of bilingual teacher (Oriya and Telugu,

Tribal and Oriya)

Opportunity

Creation of awareness for girl child education

Provision for girls hostel Residential facility for teacher

and staffs Women friendly approach of the

literacy mission

Threat

Shortage of teachers Non availability of bilingual teacher in SSS

teacher cadets Poor connectivity to school from certain

habitations

2.14 Health

Strength

Launching of National Rural Health Mission

Involvement of CSOs in health

Weakness

Acute shortage of doctors, nurse and paramedical staff.

Inadequate monitoring and evaluation


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service Regular health camp MKCG Medical College Hospital for

specialized health care services Implimention of Janani Suraksha

Yojana Inclusion under Global Funds for

AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFATM)

staffs at block and district level No proper cold chain supply unit to

remote part of the district for storage of life saving drugs

Excessive dependency on quack and traditional healers in tribal areas

Opportunity Strengthening Sub-Centre by

providing labour room Regular capacity building

programme for paramedical staffs Basic training to traditional healer

and quack Residential facility for medical and

paramedical staffs Provision of Social audit in case of

maternal death and infant death Strengthening IEC unit in each

block Supply of proper equipments to

Sub-centers Mapping of the health service

provision in each GP

Threat Early motherhood Absenteeism of the medical and

paramedical staff Risk taking tendency and ignorance of

quack Under reporting of vital statistics Prevalence of HIV/AIDS

Basing on the above SWOT analysis Rs.44618.26 lakh is need for Social Service sector.

2.15 Rural Water Supply and Sanitation

Strength

Convergence programs implemented

Basic awareness program on RWSS

Involvement of Women Self Help Group

Women participation in Total Sanitation Campaign

Involvement of the civil society organizations in Water Supply and Sanitation Mission

Weakness

Poor sanitation facility in rural areas Inadequate management of exiting water

resources Poor maintenance and cleanliness of

latrines


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Opportunity

Safe solid waste disposal Integrated water and sanitation

management Attitudinal change among people

for sanitation and personal hygiene

Active participation of women and PRI member in Sanitation Mission

Provision of Community Toilets with water supply and maintenance

School Sanitation and hygiene education

Threat

No space left for toilets during construction of house

People are not aware about the negative effect of open defecation on the road side

Poor disposal of waste water Attached home with cattle shed

2.16 SC/ST Welfare

Strength

Improved socio-economic status of SC/STs

Scholarship to SC/ST students Schools and hostels facility for

SC/STs Tumba Tribal Development

Agency Legal provision to safeguard

from atrocity Land rights Forest rights Involvement of CSOs in SC/ST

development

Weakness

Low literacy rate among SC/ST community Inadequate awareness of some

communities on various schemes/ provision for SC/ ST development

Lack of bilingual teacher (tribal language-Odia)

Non-involvement of the village level institutions

Opportunity

Protection and development of primitive tribal group

Timely implementation of the ST/SC schemes

Extension of Forest Right Act Procurement centre for NTFP

Threat

Unemployment and poverty leads to social disorder

Increasing dependency on government Heavy liquor addiction leads to health and

livelihood problems


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CHAPTER-III

DISTRICT VISION: 2020 CORRESPONDING TO ANNUAL PLAN 2012-13

People living with dignity and reasonable comfort with high level of literacy, knowledge and skills, good health and gender equity is the Vision 2020 for Ganjam. Accelerated and inclusive growth with high rate of employment, income and nutrition will be the key to reach various goals envisioned. Capacity building, adopting improved technology across sectors, improving management and coordination, increasing investment and its efficiency in key sectors, ensuring high level of participation in a decentralized set-up, and improving processing and marketing and public governance with social audit are the strategic interventions to reach various development goals. Vision 2020 of Ganjam is summarized below:

1. Reduce poverty line up to 12% of total population and promote a zone free from hunger and starvation

2. Reduce poverty to 12% of total population and ensure freedom from hunger and malnutrition

3. Balanced, inclusive and complementary growth of rural and urban areas 4. Improve Human Development Index to 0.75 and well-being 5. Reduce disparity across regions (Blocks and Panchayats) and socio-economic groups

and ensure gender equity and sustainability

Poverty reduction entails convergence of all sectors in both urban and rural areas. This requires concerted efforts with inbuilt application and flexibility to spread poverty mitigating strategies in all sectors. Thus if potential for growth in a particular sector is saturated, then resources can be diverted to generate growth and employment in other sectors where such investments would be better utilized. Inclusive Growth which emphasizes rural non-agricultural activities (mineral and agro-processing, hotels and tourism, and miscellaneous services), accelerated agricultural growth, increased labour productivity (attitude, knowledge and technology-based), transparency in public distribution system and welfare activities would create a conducive environment for poverty reduction.

3.1: Agriculture

Accelerated agricultural growth and labour productivity would contribute considerably in reducing poverty. The major thrust areas for the development of the sector by 2020 include:

Improve performance of traditional agriculture through technology intervention Use advanced technology including bio-technology in potential areas Identify high potential areas for multi crops and new crops to be introduced Improve and strengthen agro-products marketing


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Introduce IT in market and weather information dissemination Modification of prices of agricultural produce Agricultural research and development policy Implement water resource use plan Agro-processing for high value addition

Productivity of Different Crops and Expected for 2012-13

(Productivity in Kg/ha)Name of the Major Crops At present 2012-13

Paddy 3383 4500

Maize 1425 2500

Ragi 970 1200

Pulses 532 1200

Oilseeds 1287 1300

Condiments & Spices 1459 1600

Sugarcane 78500 95000

Indicators At Present By the End of 2013

Fertilizer Consumption 51 (Kg/ha.) 105 (Kg/ha.)

Cropping Intensity 184% 210%

3.2: Horticulture

Horticultural crops like fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants have high market value and provide higher returns to farm investment as compared to agricultural produce. Growth in horticulture at 10% per annum is feasible considering the resources of the district. The major thrust areas in this activity are as follows

Training and orientation of farmers, women SHGs for horticulture Ensuring supply of quality planting materials Strengthening information and extension service Emphasis on plantation of medicinal and aromatic plant Emphasis on floriculture Capacity building on post-harvest management of the horticulture produces Infrastructure development in PPP mode on packaging, processing and marketing

Indicators At present By end of 2013

Vegetables (Average Yield) 10200 Kg/ ha 13500 kg/ha Fruits (Area) 23160 ha 29000 ha Flower (Area) 25.5 ha 40 ha


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3.3: Fishery

Developing fisheries is an alternative means to generate employment and to reduce the pressure on agriculture. Ganjam has the potential for increasing fish production especially due to the presence of Chilika Lake and large number of fresh water bodies as well as Bay of Bengal.

The major thrust for this growth would come from marine and inland fishing that are listed below:

Conservation of Chilika Lake Technological up gradation for marine fishermen Skill up-gradation of fish farmers Promoting loan facilities and credit linkages through banks, Co-operatives and

increasing involvement of SHGs in economic improvement and income generation through fisheries activities.

Infrastructure development in the form of establishment of fish-seed hatcheries, cold-storages and ice-plants

Promotion of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for fish processing, packaging and transportation

Indicators At present 2006-07 By end of 2013

Fish production (in M.T.) 33646.86 40000.00 MT

Per capita consumption of fish 10.64Kgs/annum 12.65Kgs/annum

3.4: Animal Husbandry and Poultry

Animal resource is a supplement to the living standard of many households including small and marginal farmers. The major thrust areas in this sector are as follows

Up-gradation of the livestock Skill up-gradation of Animal-Rearing farmers Promoting loans and credit linkage through banks and increase involvement of SHGs Infrastructure development for health services for the animals. Processing and cold-storage facilities Promotion of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) on processing, packaging and

transportation infrastructures/facilities Indicators At present 2006-07 By end of 2013

Milk Production (in ‘000 MT) 101.65 140.00Meat Production (in ‘000 MT) 5.3 6.8Egg Production (Figures in million nos.) 352.42 450.00


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3.5: Forestry

Forests comprise 39% of the total geographical area of the district consisting of Reserve Forests and Demarcated Protected Forests. These forests are rich in NTFP. Many people in the forest fringe areas depend on the NTFP collection. This is one of the major sources of livelihood in this region. The major thrust areas in forestry are to:

Strengthen Vana Surakshya Samiti (VSS) for better forest management/conservation Plantation programs of medicinal and aromatic plants Value addition to NTFP and marketing facilities ANR, SMC, silviculture, Block plantation, coastal plantation etc.

3.6: Employment Generation

The present status of employment generation of the district shows large scale employment in farm sector i.e. agriculture on a seasonal basis. During the lean period it needs to reduce unemployment and generate self employment. NREGS is a ray of hope in this situation. Over the years, attempts will be made to improve the quality of employment, productivity of workers and their income. Besides this, Self-employment programmes would be implemented in the district.

3.7: Industry

Ganjam has vast potential for agro based as well as mineral industry. There is scope and opportunity for small and cottage industries that is dependent on bamboo, wood and stone craft. There is also a good opportunity for Kewda processing, Ayurvedic drugs manufacturing, fish-feed production, fodder processing and dry fish processing units in Ganjam. Better financial support for cottage and small-scale industries would create better employment opportunities and check out-migration to a great extent. Support required for for all small, micro, cottage and handloom industries are as follows:

Better financial support Marketing facilities Setting up of training centers in the district on all types of artwork and handicrafts Promotion of products through organization of fairs and exhibitions Organizing skill up-gradation workshop Entrepreneurship Development Programme Convergence with other Central Government organizations such as the Khadi and

Village Industries Commission (KVIC) for training and financial support

Indicators At present By the end of 2013

No. of SSI Units 7776 9981

No. of Employment Generation 36006 50000


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3.8: Energy


No. of village electrified 2511 All villages

% of village electrified 89% 100%

89% of the villages of the district have been electrified. By the end of 2013 all the villages will be electrified.

3.9: Rural Development


Poverty Ratio 40 25

No. of IAY Beneficiaries 6896 9865

Total work days (in lakh) under MGNREGS

26.51 120

3.10: Irrigation and Flood Control


Irrigation facility (in ha.) 247900 ha 300000 ha

At present irrigation facility is available in 247900 ha. land and by the end of 2013 it has been estimated that irrigated area will be 300000 ha.

3.11: Rural Drinking Water and Sanitation


Tube Well 1 per 137 people 1 per 100 people

Piped Water Supply 517 600

3.12: Social Services


Infant Mortality Rate 77 37

Maternal Mortality Rate 358 120

Total Fertility Rate 2.6 2.0


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3.12.1: Women Development


Sex Ratio 998 1010

Literacy rate (female) 47.70 80

Women SHG 19897 25000

3.12.2: SC/ST Welfare


Literacy Rate SC 44.56 65

Literacy Rate ST 35.54 55

The present literacy rate of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe are 44.56% & 35.54% respectively.

3.13: Balanced, inclusive and complementary growth of rural and urban areas:

Rural-Urban Link up

Growth of infrastructure like road, school, hospital etc. is the pre-condition to have rural-urban link up. Along with these infrastructures, reliable and uninterrupted electric power supply is a must to achieve this goal. Only 685 villages are left to be electrified. 100% electrification has to be achieved

Steps should be taken to use solar power as alternative source of energy at affordable cost. All weather roads should be created in all villages by 2020. Every village should have a knowledge center with computer and internet facility. Unemployed youth including women can be appointed in these centers. They will act in liaison with the local political representatives to take steps on various development issues of the village

Urban development with gender sensitiveness Likewise, infrastructure facility should be created in the slums of the urban areas.

Education and health care facilities in the slums can be developed with PPP mode The economic empowerment of women in urban areas especially in the slum dwellers is

necessary. Involvement of women in the various unorganized sectors will provide alternative sources of income

Reduction of Impact of disaster Technological interventions such as vulnerability information mapping system should be

in place to reduce the impact of disasters


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3.14: Human Development and Wellbeing Taking into perspective the three basic components that Human Development Index (HDI) takes into account viz., Education, Health and Livelihood, Vision 2020 entails the increase of the Human Development Index from 0.551 to 0.750. 3.15: Education The literacy rate of the district as per the 2001 census is 62.94%. The Female literacy rate is even lower at 47.7%. These are aimed at increasing up to 90% and 80% respectively.

One of the primary strategies is to ensure that all children below the age of 14 get quality education. The Mid-day meal programme should aim for 100% coverage of potential beneficiaries. This can be achieved if the quantity, quality and regularity of the meals are ensured. The aim should be to deliver the meals in such a manner that children find it appealing to receive meals in schools. Once regularity in attendance is achieved the quality of the teaching can be upgraded. To ensure quality education, the teachers should be least involved in other programmes of the government like census work, voter list preparation etc.

The rate of dropouts should be reduced in the primary, secondary and higher secondary education. In tribal pockets, Oriya tribal bi-language books and teaching aids can provide a motivation to reduce dropout rate. The families should inculcate the value of learning in the minds of their children. Besides, the teacher-student ratio should be increased

There should be one vocational education institution for each block in the district. The vocational training centre should aim at making the youth self reliant by imparting training on employment generation activities

Awareness generation among mothers in the family on the importance of primary education especially in context to the girl child

3.16: Women Participation

Better participation in decision making process at all level The female literacy level of the district is 47.70%. Once the education level and earning

of the women folk is developed, they can better participate in the decision making not only in their households but in the society at large. Total literacy along with some financial support can go a long way in this regard

Effective functioning of Women SHGs and income generation. To make SHGs more efficient, the members of the WSHGs should be given trainings. The capacity building of the SHGs can be achieved by exposure visit to other successful SHGs of the state as well as national NGOs


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3.17: Health

3.17.1: Reduce MMR and IMR

Strategies to reduce maternal mortality and infant mortality include

1 Motivating pregnant women for institutional delivery 2 Provision of health kits to the pregnant women 3 Free of cost institutional deliveries and follow-up consultations by the doctors 4 Free of cost immunization for the new born (though very nominal charge is being taken) 5 Immunization should reach to remote areas 6 Nutritional food support during pregnancy and lactation 7 Prohibition of early marriage/teen marriage 8 Increase in awareness of women to take special care to maintain balanced diet during

pregnancy to avoid low birth weight babies

To reduce maternal mortality, malnutrition especially during the period of pregnancy has to be curbed. Besides promotion of healthy eating habits malnutrition has to be reduced. This would take place with

Poverty alleviation so that more income is available for avoiding malnutrition not only of women but also for all

Removing biases against women so that they receive their fair share of the food in the household diet

3.17.2: Panchavyadhi Chikischa

There should be 50% lowering of the five common communicable diseases i.e. malaria, leprosy, diarrhea, acute respiratory infections and scabies by 2015 and subsequent reduction thereafter. Provisions for mobile hospital service to remote areas of the district should be made.

3.17.3: Combating HIV/AIDS

Ganjam district is having high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the state. HIV/AIDS has reached endemic proportions in Ganjam primarily due to the migrant population of the district. Ganjam had more than thousand cases of HIV/AIDS. The plan should envision no new cases of the disease after 2020. This needs:

Awareness programme to educate people about the modes of transmission of the disease and its fatal nature

Sensitizing vulnerable communities especially migrants about safe sex behavior and practice.


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3.18: Reduce disparity across regions (Blocks and Panchayats) and Socio-Economic Groups

There is disparity in the sectoral growth across the blocks in the district. There are a number of factors that leads to imbalance growth across the district such as industrial set up, availability of raw materials, method of production in agriculture, fertilizer consumption, stock of animal resources, infrastructures like roads, bridges, electricity, schools, colleges, hospitals etc. The reasons for the backwardness of the blocks should be found out and region specific strategies should be adopted accordingly (Vide the table below).

Table 3. 1 Monitorable Indicators on General and Human Development

Sl. No. Monitorable Indicators Current Level Perspective Plan

1 Growth Rate 4.87 10

2 Per Capita DDP/Income 12742 (Y 2004/05)

20000

3 Work Participation Ratio (WPR) 41.62 50

4 Human Development Index (HDI) 0.551 0.750

5 Employment for at least 200 days including 80%

6 Poverty Ratio (HCR) 40 12

7 IMR 77 37

8 MMR 358 120

9 Total Fertility Rate 2.6 2.0

10 Children Malnutrition (0-3years) 54.4 27

11 Sex Ratio 998 1010

12 Literacy Rate Total 62.94 90

13 Literacy Rate Female 47.70 80

14 Gender Gap in Literacy 10

BY: 1999/00, CY: 2004/05 at Constant Price Yr. 1999/00


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CHAPTER- IV

RESOURCE ENVELOPE FOR DISTRICT FOR THE ANNUAL PLAN: 2012-13

Introduction

The district plan is the primary requirement of decentralized planning. Funds available from various sources at the district level for carrying out developmental programmes. These resources need to be articulated in a coordinated and convergent manner to have better outcomes. There are few instances of convergence of human, financial and institutional resources. Therefore, the need for integrated local area plans based on specific endowments and needs of each area is stressed from the beginning of planned development. Attempt is made from the Panchayat and ULB level requirement to that of district level to make the Annual Plan 2012-13 for the district. The objective of district planning is to design an integrated and participatory action plan for the development of local area in general with respect to all sectors.

4.1: Sector wise Resource Availability for the Plan Year 2012-13

Total outlay for 2012-13 is estimated at Rs.155150.51 lakh. Inter-sectoral allocation is presented in table 4.1.Taking into consideration of the importance, the following allocations have been proposed: (Vide the table below)

Table 4. 1 ANNUAL PLAN: 2012-13 PROPOSED OUTLAYS OF GANJAM DISTRICT

(Rs. in lakh)

Sl. No.

Name of the Sector Eleventh Plan

(20012-17) Projected Outlay (at 20011-12 prices)

Annual Plan

2010-11 Actual

Expenditure

Annual Plan 2011-12

Annual Plan

2012-13 Proposed

Outlay Agreed Outlay

Anticipated Expenditur

e

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 I. AGRICULTURE &

ALLIED ACTIVITIES 36751.75 3507.92 5598.95 4451.80 6580.77

II. RURAL DEVELOPMENT

55139.08 8911.49 11361.38 3402.56 10998.60

III. SPECIAL AREA PROGRAMMES

19215.00 244.51 3449.09 1090.02 3843.00

IV. IRRIGATION & FLOOD CONTROL

117547.99 7897.33 23919.13 22231.89 24023.51

V. ENERGY 120.00 7607.26 28.00 28.00 24.00 VI. INDUSTRY AND

MINERALS 19449.96 3283.15 3276.15 3276.15 3495.24


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VII. TRANSPORT 149044.51 18957.05 24382.08 24064.14 31714.54 VIII. SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT

5823.94 982.44 1010.20 1017.27 1155.24

IX. GENERAL ECONOMIC SERVICES

13500.00 729.76 1793.00 1793.00 2700.00

X. SOCIAL SERVICES 315125.33 41682.04 94342.55 88581.56 70615.62 GRAND TOTAL 731717.56 93802.93 169160.53 149936.38 155150.51

The proposed outlay for annual plan 2012-13 is Rs. 155150.51 lakh . Out of total outlay 29% provided to the Agriculture, Rural Development, Special Area Programme, Irrigation and Flood Control. From the total plan outlay 20% provided to the Energy and Transport Sector. Social sector has the importance in the plan 46% provided from total the plan. (See the chart 4.1)

Chart 4. 1 Sector wise Resource Availability


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Table 4. 2 Resource Envelope under District Plan: 2012-13 of Ganjam District (Rs. in lakh)

Sl No Component wise fund flow Annual Plan:2012-13 SP/SS CS/CP Total

(i) Flagship Programmes State central Total

1 RKVY 0 1425.37 1425.37

2 NREGS 1086.58 9779.22 10865.8

3 BRGF 0 3818 3818

4 SGSY 0 0 0

5 IAY 0 3293.3 3293.3

6 SSA 5493.65 11759.4 17253.06

7 NRHM 632.41 3583.64 4216.05

8 TSC 1342.34 4792.51 6134.85

(i)Total of Flagship Programmes 8554.98 38451.5 47006.43

(ii) State Share of CSP +State Plan(excluding Flagship prog.)

69692.6 0 69692.6

(iii) CP+CS of CSP(excluding Flagship prog.)

0 38451.5 38451.5

Total Resources Available for the District

78247.6 76903 155150.5

Basing on the local requirement, majority of the allotment is made towards sectors like Social Services, Rural Development, Transport and Irrigation & Flood Control which have been given high priority for the district. The requirement based on the proposals received from different levels which can be met from different flagship programmes. The total gap of resources for the year 2012-13 can be adjusted and narrowed down from programmes like BRGF, NREGS,, PMGSY and other Flagship programmes. With the availability of additional resources the gap pipeline would be converged.

Table 4.2.1 Gap filling componets

Gap Filling Components

Sl.No

Name of the Sectors Resource Requirement

Resource Availability

Resource Gap

Gap filling Compoments/Mechanism

1 Agriculture & Allied Activities

6948.46 6580.77 367.69 RKVY,NREGS

2 Rural Development 10998.6 10998.6 0.00 3 Special Area 3843.00 3843.00


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4 Irrigation & Flood 24296.51 24023.51 273.00 NREGS 5 Energy 24.00 24.00 0.00 6 Industry & Minerals 3495.24 3495.24 0.00 7 Transport 31724.54 31714.54 10 NREGS/BRGF 8 Science, Technology &

Environment 1155.24 1155.24

9 General Economic 2700.00 2700.00 0 10 Social Services 72239.77926 70615.62 1624.159

Total 157425.34 155150.51 2274.82 NREGS/BRGF 0 2274.82 -2274.82

Grand Total 157425.34 157425.34 0

Gap Filling: The total resource requirement for the district is Rs.157425.34 lakh.The total resource avialble is Rs155150.5 lakh. Hence, there is a gap of Rs.2274.82 lakh which can be filled up from NREGS, BRGF, SSA, & NRHM

Hence more emphasis has been given to Agriculture and allied sector, Irrigation and Flood control sector, Transport sector and social sector in the Comprehensive District Plan of Ganjam district for the year 2012-13.


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CHAPTER- V

RESOURCE ENVELOPE FOR BLOCKS/ULBS FOR THE ANNUAL PLAN 2012-13

Ganjam has 475 Gram Panchayats, 22 CD Blocks, 17 NACs and one municipality. The block wise outlay is based on requirement as well as realistic assessment of the availability of resources, distributed over different blocks in the district. Total proposed outlay for the rural areas is estimated for the Annual Plan 2011-12 (Block wise proposed outlay is presented in Table 5.1). However, details of resource flow of each Block/ULB from all sources are given in Annexure. 5.1: Rural Resource Envelope

Table 5. 1 Block-wise Projected Allocation of Outlays under District Plan:2011-12 of Ganjam District.

Block Wise Projected Allocation of Outlays under District Plan 2012-13 of Ganjam District (Rs .in Lakh)

Sl.no Blocks RKVY NREGS IAY TSC SSA NRHM Mo

Kudia

1 Aska 75.58 576.19 174.64 325.32 914.89 223.57 61.83 2 Belaguntha 56.31 429.25 130.10 242.35 681.57 166.55 46.06

3 Bhanjanagar 66.89 509.92 154.55 287.90 809.66 197.85 54.72 4 Buguda 58.31 444.53 134.73 250.98 705.84 172.48 47.70

5 Chatrapur 68.65 523.35 158.62 295.49 831.00 203.07 56.16

6 Chikiti 51.32 391.20 118.57 220.87 621.16 151.79 41.98 7 Dharakote 55.46 422.82 128.15 238.72 671.36 164.06 45.37

8 Digapahandi 74.63 568.92 172.43 321.21 903.35 220.75 61.05 9 Ganjam 45.18 344.40 104.38 194.45 546.85 133.63 36.96

10 Hinjililcut 58.48 445.80 135.12 251.70 707.86 172.98 47.84

11 Jagannath Prasad 64.40 490.95 148.80 277.19 779.55 190.49 52.68 12 Kabisurayanagar 55.96 426.62 129.30 240.87 677.41 165.53 45.78

13 Khalikote 74.93 571.23 173.13 322.52 907.02 221.64 61.30 14 Beguniapada 61.71 470.44 142.59 265.61 746.99 182.54 50.48

15 Kukudakhandi 68.06 518.87 157.26 292.95 823.87 201.33 55.68 16 Patrapur 64.52 491.87 149.08 277.71 781.01 190.85 52.78

17 Polasara 64.07 488.40 148.03 275.75 775.49 189.50 52.41

18 Purusottampur 70.74 539.29 163.45 304.49 856.31 209.25 57.87 19 Rangeilunda 76.27 581.45 176.23 328.29 923.25 225.61 62.40


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20 Sanakhemundi 80.73 615.44 186.53 347.48 977.21 238.80 66.04

21 Seragada 64.26 489.83 148.46 276.56 777.77 190.06 52.56 22 Sorada 68.87 525.02 159.13 296.43 833.64 203.71 56.34

Total 1425.37 10865.80 3293.30 6134.85 17253.06 4216.04 1166.00Source: Data received from respective Blocks

5.2: Urban Resource Envelope

The resources available with the urban local bodies (from state outlay, central outlay and own fund) is comparatively less than that of the resources available for the respective Blocks. The total proposed outlay from various sources is estimated to Rs.8089.15 lakh for the Plan Year 2010-11. The proposed outlay for carrying out different developmental activities in the respective ULBs has been furnished below:

Table 5. 2 ULB-wise Resource Flow for the Year 2012-13

Sl.no Name of the ULBs Proposed Outlays

1 Berhampur Municipality 4478.21

2 Chikiti 279.5 3 Polasara 196.13

4 Digapahandi 58.16 5 Purusottampur 377.5

6 Ganjam 1.26

7 Kabisuryanagar 268.15 8 Hinjilicut 544

9 Belaguntha 310 10 Gopalpur 75.71

11 Chatrapur 2.95 12 Bhanjanagar 202.44

13 Buguda 158.8

14 Aska 909.76 15 Rambha 114.7

16 Khalikote 111.88 Total 8089.15 Source: Data received from respective ULBs


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CHAPTER- VI

SECTORAL DISTRICT PLANS/SCHEMES

Introduction Ganjam is the most populous district of Orissa having 22 Blocks and 3 Sub-Divisions. The districts has always had very high growth potential, however it still remains undeveloped in many areas in comparison to other districts. Although the district has abundance of high quality human and non-human resources, the various sectors have not been able to interlink, thus leaving many regions of the district poorly developed. We base our exercise on the premise that the annual plan for 2012-13 will achieve set targets and also converge with the objectives of the annual plan. Comprehensive District Plan needs co-operation and co-ordination among all the sectors and the Plan has been prepared based upon the growth of Eleventhh Five Year Plan. To reduce poverty to 12% of the total population of the district and for achieving inclusive growth at around 6.5% during the Plan Period, there are some particular sectors or departments which need convergence for better development of the schemes and for better planning. Sectors like Agriculture and Allied Activities, Irrigation and Flood Control and Rural Development etc. can be synchronized for achieving the goals of 12th Plan and the target of 2012-13. These departments need to plan according to the requirement of the beneficiary as well as the funds availability. For all the sectors Rs. 155150.51 Lakh is proposed for the year 2012-13, which is derived from GN Statement A. The abstract is provided in table 6.1.

Table 6. 1 DRAFT ANNUAL PLAN: 2011-12 PROPOSED OUTLAYS OF GANJAM DISTRICT

(Rs. in lakh)

Sl. No.

Name of the Sector Eleventh Plan

(20012-17)

Projected Outlay (at 20011-12 prices)

Annual Plan

2010-11 Actual

Expenditure

Annual Plan 2011-12

Annual Plan

2012-13 Proposed

Outlay Agreed Outlay

Anticipated Expenditure

0 1 2 3 4 5 6I. AGRICULTURE &

ALLIED ACTIVITIES 36751.75 3507.92 5598.95 4451.80 6580.77

II. RURAL DEVELOPMENT

55139.08 8911.49 11361.38 3402.56 10998.60

III. SPECIAL AREA PROGRAMMES

19215.00 244.51 3449.09 1090.02 3843.00


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IV. IRRIGATION & FLOOD CONTROL

117547.99 7897.33 23919.13 22231.89 24023.51

V. ENERGY 120.00 7607.26 28.00 28.00 24.00 VI. INDUSTRY AND

MINERALS 19449.96 3283.15 3276.15 3276.15 3495.24

VII. TRANSPORT 149044.51 18957.05 24382.08 24064.14 31714.54 VIII. SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT

5823.94 982.44 1010.20 1017.27 1155.24

IX. GENERAL ECONOMIC SERVICES

13500.00 729.76 1793.00 1793.00 2700.00

X. SOCIAL SERVICES 315125.33 41682.04 94342.55 88581.56 70615.62 GRAND TOTAL 731717.56 93802.93 169160.53 149936.38 155150.51 SECTOR-I: AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES 6.1: Agriculture Agriculture is the mainstay of the district economy providing livelihood support to a large section of the population. The growth of this sector generally determines the pace of development in the district. If agriculture sector can suitably be managed to grow at a rate of 4% per annum, it would contribute substantially to reduce poverty in the district in general and the marginalized in particular. Barring some minor variation, agriculture and animal husbandry sector in the district has grown at a rate of 4.45% during 1999-00 to 2004-05, much higher than all of Orissa for the same period (2.28%). This is indicative of the fact that 4% growth rate of agriculture is feasible. There are four major constraints to agriculture development in the district. They can be broadly

categorized as:

Institutional Capacity

Physical constraints

Technological constraints and

Financial constraints. With proper capacity building and organizational arrangements

physical and technological constraints could be minimized to achieve vision goals.


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The Projected outlay for the Agriculture and allied sector of 12th.five year plan is Rs.

36751.75 Lakh and proposed annual plan for the year 2012-13 is Rs. 6580.77 Lakh.

Table 6. 2 Projected and proposed Outlays for Agriculture and allied Activities

Agriculture and Allied Activities 2012-17 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

Crop Husbandry : 26237.48 3049.11 4020.10 4297.27

Horticulture 3085.38 314.69 678.51 510.92

Soil & Water Conservation 1934.89 36.75 199.72 255.81

Animal Husbandry 565.15 32.14 106.06 291.13

Fisheries 4928.86 75.23 594.57 1225.63

TOTAL 36751.75 3507.92 5598.95 6580.77

Development of Agriculture and allied Sector:

Needs Assessment and priority setting are essential to the successful planning and achievement of targets in all sectors. This will have an immense impact on Allied sectors in the coming years. Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Watershed Development would play a vital role in the economy of Ganjam. The Allied sectors must be taken into account while planning as they would result in the improvement of backward areas, efficient utilization of natural, financial and human resources, poverty reduction, hunger free society and increase in generation of income and employment. These sectors would be instrumental in the overall empowerment of farmers and rural and urban entrepreneurs and lead to holistic development of the district. Several steps would be undertaken for development in this sector. Opening up of new seed sales centers and timely supply of fertilizers and pesticides will facilitate higher productivity. Ganjam already has one of the highest cropping intensities in the state (184%). Currently the Net irrigated area is about 62% of the Net area sown. Due to increase in pressure on land it is imperative to increase land productivity through the use of modernized methods and double cropping. In order to maintain employment levels or increase them, there would be use of labour intensive techniques incorporating tools. However, as the percentage of people engaged in agriculture is high in comparison to its contribution to the DDP, a substantial number of dependants on agriculture need to be absorbed in other sectors particularly allied activities through employment generation.


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Graph 6. 1 Outlays for Agriculture and Allied Sectors

Crop Diversification: (Integrated Farming):

Farmers in Ganjam are mainly small and marginal farmers. This poses a need for employment from other allied sources apart from agriculture to meet livelihood needs. Lack of irrigation facilities makes Agricultural growth severely dependent on rainfall. Multicropping and Crop diversification is a must for development in agriculture.

The blocks in the district can be categorized into upland, midlands and lowlands. Irrigation facilities vary from Block to Block. Rocky uplands are used for horticulture crops like Jatropha, Maize and other crops that require less water. In Blocks such as Hinjilicut, Kukudakhandi, Ganjam, and Aska where irrigation facilities are better farmers need to be motivated to cultivate cash crops.

Various project proposals have been undertaken under agriculture and allied sectors. Steps will be taken for efficient utilization of the resources received under this sector. The major thrust areas for the development of the sector by 2020 includes the following:

1. Training to farmers on seed production technology 2. Research through central and state agencies on trial and evaluation of new varieties of

rice, pulses and oilseeds 3. Preparation of data base for rain fed area development 4. Empowerment of women through participation in natural resource management 5. Strengthening of ATMA to improve delivery mechanism 6. Use of Information and Technology through Kisan Call Centers


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There is an imperative need for:

7. Better management of soil, water & other natural resources, fast improvement in application of inputs & crop management through transfer of technology coupled with better risk management

8. Commercialization of agriculture with emphasis on creation of additional irrigation facilities

9. Crop diversification into cash crops & horticultural crops 10. Application of modern technologies, farm mechanization & promotion of private

enterprises in agriculture

Interventions for the annual year 2012-13 will target at: 1. Huge public & private investment in Agriculture & Allied sectors 2. Development of Farm and Non-farm sectors through adequate credit support 3. Market led production system 4. Efficient public Distribution & Strengthening of procurement through MSP of various

Agriculture commodities 5. Management of natural and market risk for farmers 6. Intensive watershed approach through Rain Water harvesting checking surface runoff

and increasing infiltration of run-off-water 7. Micro-enterprise Development in Agriculture and Allied Sectors 8. Development of Micro-Irrigation System 9. Precision Farming and Development of Bio-Technology 10. Group Farming and Contact Farming 11. Adoption of Farming System Approach (FSA) in an Integrated Manner 12. Organization of vocational Education and Training in Agriculture and allied sectors

especially skilled training Programmes 13. Implementation of income oriented enterprises in production, processing and value

addition in agriculture and allied sectors 14. Aggressive marketing strategies for farm crops 15. Commercial cultivation of Floriculture and mushrooms 16. Integrated Farming 17. Development of Irrigation 18. Establishment of TMC (Terminal Market Complex)/Mandi (good market for sale of

agricultural crops in remunerative prices 19. Establishment of Godown and other storage facilities at GP & Block level 20. To intensify “Save Grain Campaign” to check loss of grains due to various reasons

Considering existing achievements, the priorities of the sector in the district are increase in productivity of both rain fed and irrigated crops, development of rain fed agriculture, diversification to more remunerative crops, dissemination of technology to the farmers through extension services, considerable improvement in marketing and development of allied sectors.


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Objectives and Strategies for the Plan Year 2012-13

Increasing Crop Productivity:

Productivity of different crops will be increased with adoption of following strategies.

Selection of high yielding variety according to land situation

Duration of variety will be emphasized to accommodate more crops

Increase in the consumption of fertilizer from 48 kg. per ha. to 100 kg. per ha.

Increase in irrigation potential to 70% of GCA in every block during kharif season and 40% during Rabi season

Increase in cultivation of low duty crops during post Kharif seasons

Increase in cropping intensity from the current level of 184% to 200%

Shift in cropping pattern from paddy to non-paddy such as pulses, oilseeds, maize, sugarcane, cotton and vegetables through ISOPOM schemes

Steps will be taken for improvement in the following areas:

Increase in efficiency of irrigation

Balanced fertilization and use of Bio-fertilizers

Farm Mechanization

IT Integration in Agriculture

Set-up of Agri-clinics in each block

Terminal Market Complex (TMC) Marketing: One Terminal Market Complex (TMC) will be set up in Berhampur town which would act on a hub and spoke format. This will give boost to agriculture marketing of the district

Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)

The National Agriculture Development Programme i.e. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) is introduced in XI Plan to accelerate the growth rate of agriculture and its allied sectors. RKVY aims at achieving 4% annual growth in agriculture during the XI Plan. This would be done by ensuring a holistic development of Agriculture and allied sectors. The RKVY is a State Plan Scheme. Since this scheme is applicable to the entire State Plan for Agriculture and allied sectors, it needs convergence with schemes like NREGS, SGSY and BRGF. The resource outlay for this sector is Rs 1425.37 lakh for the year 2012-13. The major objectives of the scheme are:

To incentivize the states so as to increase public investment in Agriculture and allied

sectors

To provide flexibility and autonomy to states in the process of planning and executing

Agriculture and allied sector schemes


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To ensure the preparation of agriculture plans for the districts and the States based on

agro-climatic conditions, availability of technology and natural resources

To ensure that the local needs/crops/priorities are better reflected in the agricultural

plans of the States

To achieve the goal of reducing the yield gaps in important crops, through focused

interventions

To maximize returns to the farmers in Agriculture and allied sectors

To bring about quantifiable changes in the production and productivity of various

components of Agriculture and allied sectors by addressing them in a holistic manner

The important components of RKVY are as follows:

Integrated development of major food crops

Agriculture mechanization

Activities related to enhancement of soil health

Development of rain fed farming systems in and outside watershed areas

Integrated development of watershed areas, wastelands, river valleys

Support to State seed farms

Integrated Pest Management schemes

Encouraging non-farm activities

Strengthening of market infrastructure and marketing development

Strengthening of Infrastructure to promote Extension Services

Activities relating to enhancement of horticultural production and popularization of micro

irrigation systems

Animal husbandry and fisheries development activities

Special schemes for beneficiaries of land reforms

Undertaking concept to completion projects

Grant support to the state government institutions that promote

(i) agriculture/horticulture (ii) Exposure visit programme for farmers (iii) Organic and bio-fertilizers (iv) Innovative schemes


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DRAFT ANNUAL PLAN-2012-13

RASHTRIYA KRISHI VIKAS YOJANA (RKVY)-OUTLAYS ( Rs.in lakh.)

Sl.No. Sector/Scheme

Outlay proposed for 2012-13

under State Plan ( Excl.RKVY)

Outlay proposed

out of RKVY for gap filling

1 2 3 4 1 Crop Husbandry 1088.09

2 Horticulture 57.08

3 Soil Conservation 7.20 4 Command Area Development Agency(CADA) 273.00

Total 1425.37

6.1.1: HORTICULTURE Agro-climatic condition of Ganjam is very favorable for cultivation of a large variety of horticultural crops. Horticulture is being recognized as an important area for diversification in today’s Agri-business systems. It generates employment; to unemployed youths, rural laborers through value addition by effective pre and post harvest management of the crop in a planned way. Further horticulture crops are not only responsible for nutritional also security but are key players in increasing export trade; fetching much needed foreign exchange.

Strategy

Basing on the Agro climatic and soil condition different Horticulture crops would be taken

up for different areas

Fruit plants will be planted both in irrigated and non-irrigated conditions

Horticulture Nurseries in private sector would be encouraged including strengthening of

government nurseries and farms

Protected cultivation like green house, shade net and mulching would be initiated and

encouraged

Dissemination of latest technology through demonstration, training, workshops and

exhibitions at Block and Sub-divisional level

Emphasis will be given on integrated pest management and Organic farming

For post harvest management, preservation activities of fruits and vegetables will be

taken care of

Promotion of private entrepreneurs for sale of Horticultural inputs, garden tools and

implements

Use of Vermicompost and bio-fertilizers with aim for organic farming will be encouraged


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Floricultural Crops such as Marigold, Rose, Tuberose and Jasmine have good potential for growth in Ganjam which is already the largest producer of Marigold and the third largest producer of Tuberose in the state. There is also potential for the production and demand of roses in the district, particularly in Berhampur city. However, on a national level most of the demand is met from the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Horticulture Schemes

National Horticulture Mission (NHM): The National Horticulture Mission is in operation in the state since 2005-06 with the objective of increasing production of suitable fruits in the state. This enhances the status of farmers, promotion of export oriented agro based industries through provision of subsidy on supply of quality planting materials. This is a centrally sponsored Scheme with an Annual Plan Outlay for Ganjam of Rs. 510.92 lakh including RKVY plan of Rs,57.08 lakh for annual plan 2012-13, with a funding pattern of 85:15 between Centre and State. 6.1.2: FISHERIES Ganjam has huge potential in inland and Brackish Water Fisheries. It has a coastline of 60 kilometers with 26 fishing villages and 14 fish landing centers. There are about 20,000 fishermen dependent on inland, brackish water and marine fisheries. The available inland water resources are 27686 ha. out of which 8321.33 ha. are ponds and 19364.91 ha. are reservoirs. The area developed till date is 6992 ha. (pond) and 4416 ha.(reservoirs). The brackish water fisheries development agency had surveyed the area suitable for brackish water prawn culture in the 5 coastal blocks viz. Chatrapur, Ganjam, Khalikote, Rangeilunda and Chikiti. It has been found that 2845.26 ha. is available for development of fisheries; out of this 2394.35 ha. belongs to government and 450.90 ha. belongs to private owners. The present level of production in reservoirs is about 40 kg/ha. On proper management the production may go up to 200 kg/ha. By the end of 2010-11 we envisage an increase to 60 kg/ha.

The following support is anticipated for development of

Provision of captive fish seed nursery near reservoir/MIP to raise fingerlings

Provision of rearing tank at block level for raising fingerlings

Establishment of hatchery units and fry packing yard to produce fish seed Objectives and strategies of the sector in the district:

To promote the sustainable development of Fresh water Pisciculture as well as, Brackish water and Marine fisheries

To enhance the contribution of the Fishery Sector for food and livelihood security of the district


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To promote public private partnership (PPP) in developing and managing the unutilized fishery resources for the benefit of the people

To create human resource base for fisheries development and managing through capacity building

Optimal exploitation of capture fisheries resources through PFCS/SHG with proper conservation and management practices

To provide livelihood support to the fisher folk Insurance coverage of all the fishermen involved in marine & inland sector Coverage of 100% crop insurance/craft & gear insurance Development of infrastructure facilities like fish feed plants, fish meal plants, cold

storages, ice plants, fish Godowns, fishing jetties, fishing harbors, roads, electricity, health, sanitation, drinking water, education, transportation, and establishment of hygienic fish market

Ensure supply of requisites and inputs through one stop aqua shop/organization of Fishermen Associations at block level to solve their problems

To establish fish seed production units for 100% supply of quality seed both in government and private sector

Promotion of Public Private Partnership in developing, managing, conserving and sharing the Fishery resources for the benefit of the district:

SHGs will be leased GP tanks to undertake integrated pisciculture and bank linkages will be developed through FFDA.

Private entrepreneurs will be subsidized to construct cold storage, fry packing yard, ice plant, processing and marketing yard

NGOs will be encouraged to undertake training programmes for fish farmers Development of human resources through their capacity building:

Fish farmers will be trained through the department/ATMA/UNDP/FISHCOFED etc. Stipendiary ten days training to fish farmers on modern aquaculture practices will be

organized in each block per year Exposure visits will be arranged for farmers and officials through Fish Farmer Development

Agency (FFDA) Fishery Schemes

Development of Fresh Water Aquaculture under FFDA: The funds under this scheme will be utilized through FFDA for excavation and renovation of pisciculture tanks.

Development of Water Logged Areas through FFDA: There is a vast potential for development of underwater logged areas in the district. This is an awareness programme and training will be imparted to farmers and entrepreneurs to bring Wetland resources into the fold of


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scientific culture. Annual Plan outlay of Rs. 1225.63 lakh is proposed for Fishery sector for the year 2012-13.

6.1.3: ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Livestock sector is highly livelihood intensive. Livestock are inseparable from the lives of weaker sections. This sector is an instrument of poverty alleviation. Livestock serves as employment exchange providing its users daily bread, transport, energy etc. Income from livestock holding is more equitably distributed.

Existing indicators of animal husbandry sector in the district:

Considering a total bovine population of 972966 in the district, both Animal Husbandry and Agro processing have huge potential to supplement income of farmers. The ultimate objective would be to make Animal Husbandry so organized a sector in the district that it will become the primary source of income for those without land. Further, there are 132 milk societies functioning under the aegis of Great Ganjam Gajpati Milk Union. There are 245 Livestock Aid Centers (LACs) giving services throughout the district. Over 188 LACs are having Artificial Insemination facility. Six milk routes are operating in Ganjam. There are two chilling plants at Berhampur and Aska and seven bulk-cooling units are spread throughout Ganjam. Hatcheries and feed plants are also being established. Such resources provide a good impetus for the expansion of animal husbandry activities.

Goat and sheep rearing augment household incomes in tribal and remote areas. Under SGSY, animal husbandry is being identified as a core activity. Identifying new milk routes in the remote, involving SHG groups and tribals will provide a thrust for future interventions. Critical infrastructural and institutional gaps will be addressed in the Annual Plan and BRGF in the coming years.

Objectives and strategies for perspective plan period

The major objectives of the sector in the district are

Up-gradation of stock and increase per capita availability of milk, egg and meat

Capacity building of stakeholders

Involvement of private sector for processing of products and effective delivery of veterinary services

Following strategies will be adopted to fulfill these objectives:

Ecological and environmental sustainability of the livestock sector growth will be the main focus. Modernization will be ensured with constant monitoring of environmental effects on growth process. Policies and programmes will be designed for effective mitigation of their adverse effects


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To capacitate marginalized sectors especially the women, SCs and STs with supplementary inputs and services to avail equal opportunities offered by the government

To achieve better value addition for productions of the sector, linkage will be created with the hotels and restaurants of the locality

Monitoring of animal diseases; control, containment and eradication and breeding services will be done regularly by respective authorities

Annual Plan outlay of Rs. 291.13 lakh is proposed for the year 2012-13. 6.1.4: SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION Unscientific farming, ignorance and biotic pressure are some of the major reasons for the erosion of valuable soils. This has led to the land becoming unproductive and sterile. To overcome these lapses, holistic approach on soil and water conservation is highly essential especially to ensure sustainable production in Agriculture and Other related activities.

The district has 11000 ha. of cultivable waste land, 5000 ha. of current fallow and 8000 ha. of other fallow land. The watershed development program under NWDPRA was implemented in 14 micro watershed areas covering treatable area of 8.072 ha. So far, 406 Water Harvesting structures/hedgerows have been constructed; out of which 252 are functioning and 154 are defunct. The department has also undertaken shelterbelt plantation along the sea beach of Bay of Bengal over 18.5 km. starting from Golabandh to Rameyapatana within the range of 1 km. width from the tide formation zone. The aim of the plantation is to stabilize the coastal sand dunes by reducing drifting of sand grains and minimizing the destructive effects of cyclones.

It is proposed to construct W.H.S, farm ponds, percolation tanks and improvement of W.H.S, hedgerows and Cross bunds in the non-irrigated rain-fed patches under the annual plan. This will result in solving the following problems:

Provide life saving irrigation to the nearby crop field Check the soil erosive velocity of water and erosion of soil Recharge the ground water and thus improve the ground water level Generate employment opportunity

These projects would be implemented in identified Watershed Areas. The user groups would be formed and their involvement in operation of the schemes would be ensured so that the projects after completion would be handed over to them for future maintenance. The National Watershed Development Project for Rain fed Areas (NWDPRA) is a centrally sponsored scheme under Macro Management of Agriculture at 90:10 ratio between the Government of India and the State. The scheme aims at sustainable natural resource management, enhancement of agriculture productivity and increased production of bio-mass and restoration of ecological balance in rain-fed areas on Watershed approach. The Scheme for River Valley Project (RVP) is being implemented in the catchments of inter-state-River Valley


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Projects to prevent soil erosion from the catchments and to reduce siltation of multipurpose reservoirs under Macro-Management of Work Plan. Annual Plan outlay of Rs. 255.81 lakh is proposed for the year 2012-13. SECTOR II: Rural Development

Rural population constitutes nearly 82.40% of total population in Ganjam. Rural sector suffers from multiple disadvantages like high incidence of poverty, poor access to health care facilities, disguised unemployment in primary sector etc. Despite several efforts, these parameters continue to remain at high level causing distress in growth. During the 12th Five Year Plan, it has been planned to adopt various strategies to create more gainful employment, improve economic condition, and better standard of living. This will result in improving social and economic infrastructure to the rural people and providing universal access to basic minimum facilities. Development Vision: Proper implementation of various schemes will generate huge employment opportunities for various categories of workers in rural and urban areas. In addition, direct employment opportunities will be provided under NREGA. At least 200 days of additional employment will be ensured to rural people by 2020. NREGA activities will be converged with other sectors like soil conservation, horticulture and fishery. Apart from NREGA, SGSY will be implemented efficiently. Over the years, attempts will be made to improve the quality and quantity of employment, productivity of workers and their income. Objectives:

Ensure employment for about 2 lakh households during the 12th Plan period Provide employment to all job aspirants under NREG by utilizing 90% NREGA fund Ensure to provide 200 days of additional employment to rural people Reduce poverty by 15%

Strategy:

Rural Infrastructure development Supply of drinking water and total sanitation Providing sustainable source of livelihood

Outlay: To achieve these objectives through the above strategy a sum of Rs. 10998.60 lakh has been proposed under various rural development related plans and schemes for the Annual Plan 2012-13. 6.2: Rural Employment 6.2.1: Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY): This scheme covers all aspects of self employment such as organization of BPL families into SHGs, skill up-gradation, training and development of infrastructure along with market link-up. The objective is to enable every targeted family to cross poverty line within 2 years (2010-11 &


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2011-12) by providing income generating assets through bank credit and government subsidy. With the funding pattern of 75:25 ratio between Center and State.

6.2.2: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS):

The objective is to provide livelihood security to rural households by providing at least 100 days of wage employment (unskilled manual work). The details are presented below:

1. To strengthen food security and to improve nutritional status of unemployed and underemployed households by providing 100 days of employment to each BPL family willing to work

2. To optimize resources available under all the development programmes operational at the Panchayat level and to provide best possible and meaningful option for convergence/dovetailing of all such programmes

3. To derive maximum benefit in favour of the rural poor specially with regard to generation of employment opportunities both in terms of wage and self employment, through creation of need based optimum infrastructure at the Panchayat level in the short term and develop self sustaining robust Panchayat economy in the long run

4. To create necessary infrastructure in the following categories i. Water conservation and drought proofing including afforestation ii. Land development iii. Flood control and protection measures (including drainage in water logged areas) iv. Rural connectivity

Achievement: Under MGNREGS about one lakh forty one thousand households have been provided employment till 29th May 2010 and 79 lakh man-days of works have been created. So far 13739 no. of total works undertaken, out of these 4244 works have been completed and remaining 9495 works are in progress.

Table 6. 3 MGNREGS Statistics of Ganjam

Employment provided to households (in lakh) 1.41721Total work days (in lakh) 79Average man-days to each household 56Scheduled Castes (in lakh) 19.91 [25.2%]Scheduled Tribes (in lakh) 4.77 [6.04%]Women (in lakh) 38.97 [49.33%]Others (in lakh) 54.32 [68.77%]Total works (In Nos.) 13739Works completed (In Nos.) 4244

Works in progress (In Nos.) 9495Upto: 29-05-2010 Source: http://www.nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx


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For the annual action plan outlay under NREGS of the district the total estimated cost is for the year 2012-13 Rs. 10865.80 lakh. Constraints: During sensitization programmes for the PRI members and discussion with them at Block levels and Gram Panchayats, PRI members raised the questions concerning the creation of permanent assets. According to them assets created under NREGS may not be lasting for a long period, as the ratio of labour component and materials is 80:20; hence the objective of assets creation through NREGS is in question and may not achieved. There has been a suggestion for increasing the share of the material component (the ratio would be 60:40) so that they can have durable assets in their vicinity under the MGNREGS. 6.2.3: Integrated Wasteland Development Project (IWDP):

The scheme is being implemented with a sharing pattern. The Central Share is released by Government of India, Ministry of Rural Development directly to DRDA’s. The Government in Agriculture Department releases the matching State Share to the DRDAs directly. DRDAs release the funds to the PIA and Watershed Committees.

Objectives: The project aims at generating rural employment and people’s participation in the wastelands development programmes at all stages. The major activities included in this project are:

Soil and moisture conservation measures like terracing, bunding, trenching, vegetative barriers etc.

Planting and sowing of multi-purpose trees, shrubs, grasses, legumes and pasture land development.

Encouraging natural regeneration Promotion of agro-forestry and horticulture Wood substitution and fuel-wood conservation measures Measures needed to disseminate technology Training, extension and creation of greater degree of awareness among the participants Encouraging people’s participation

SECTOR III: SPECIAL AREA PROGRAMMES Removal of regional disparities has been emphasized during various plan periods. In fact, intra-district disparity has become pronounced due to several factors such as differences in endowment of natural resources, creation of infrastructure, occurrence of natural calamities etc. To address these issues special area development programmes have been framed. In Ganjam district, funds received under BRGF, Tumba Development Agency and the Article 275(1) of the constitution are being utilized to remove intra district disparities. The Annual Plan Outlay for the district under this sector is Rs. 3843.00 lakh.


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Table 6. 4 Special area Programme

SPECIAL AREA PROGRAMMES 2012-17 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13BRGF 19090.00 227.62 3428.00 3818.00Special Central Assistance to TSP 75.00 11.46 13.19 15.00Grants under proviso to Article 275(1) 50.00 5.43 7.90 10.00TOTAL 19215.00 244.51 3449.09 3843.00

Graph 6. 2 Growth of Special Area Programmes

6.3: Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF)

The Backward Regions Grant Fund is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. The fund will provide financial resources for supplementing and converging existing developmental inflows into 250 identified districts, so as to:

1. Bridge critical gaps in local infrastructure and other development requirements that are not being adequately met through existing inflows

2. Strengthen Panchayat and Municipality level governance with more appropriate capacity building

3. Facilitate participatory planning, decision making, implementation and monitoring, to reflect local felt needs

4. Provide professional support to local bodies for planning, implementation and monitoring of their plans

5. Improve the performance and delivery of critical functions assigned to Panchayats 6. Counter any possible deficiency and equity losses on account of inadequate local

capacity


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The Annual Plan Outlay for the district under BRGF is Rs.38.18 Crores.

Grants under Article 275(I) of the Constitution: These grants under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India, provide grants-in-aid as SCA to the State under 1st provision of Article 275 (I) of the Constitution for creation of infrastructure in TSP areas and for setting up of Model Schools.

The Annual Plan Outlay for the district under above programme is Rs.10.00 lakh.

Special Central Assistance for TSP Areas: This programme receives Special Central Assistance (SCA) from the Ministry of Tribal Affairs for implementation of program under Tumba Development Agency, etc. for the development of Scheduled Tribes. The Annual Plan Outlay for the district under above programme is Rs. 15.00 lakh.

SECTOR IV: IRRIGATION & FLOOD CONTROL Development of irrigation has been accorded prime importance during the 12th Plan. However, recently, the approach towards irrigation has undergone a sea-change not only in the district but in the state as well. Emphasis is being given on sustainable water resource management through watershed development approach and water users’ association. This participatory approach will be taken to develop the sector in best possible manner. During this annual plan period, multiple approaches will be undertaken to increase both potential creation and utilization of irrigation areas.

Ganjam district has a total cultivable area of 434000 ha. out of which irrigation facility has been provided to 247900 ha. This amounts to irrigated facility at above 57% (57.12%) of the total cultivable area. On priority basis medium/minor irrigation projects and lift irrigation points will be constructed in the district to increase the percentage of irrigation. Irrigation facility is aimed to be increased to 75% of cultivable area. This increase of about 18% will be achieved in 12 years @ of 1.5% per annum by Major/Medium/Minor Irrigation Projects, Lift Irrigation Points, Dug wells and through renovation of tanks. The cultivators will be motivated to make crop diversification and to make optimum utilization of Irrigation water to increase their income.

The proposed 12th five year plan for the irrigation & flood control is Rs. 117547.99 lakh

and proposed annual plan for the year 2012-13 is Rs. 24023.51 lakh.

Table 6. 5 Irrigation & Flood Control Funds

IRRIGATION & FLOOD 2012-17 2010-11 2011-12 2012-131.Minor Irrigation : 2.Lift Irrigation TOTAL 117547.99 7897.33 23919.13 24023.51


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6.4: Minor Irrigation

Minor irrigation covers irrigation projects having ayacut area of 40 to 2000 ha. This Scheme has importance due to its characteristics such as low gestation, less investment and quick benefit. The minor irrigation projects would contribute substantially in a few blocks of Ganjam such as Jagannath Prasad where there are no avenues for Major and Medium projects. The lift irrigation part of Minor irrigation was set-up to execute LI projects to create additional irrigation potential and handing over the same to the Pani Panchayats for operation and maintenance.

6.4.1: Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) This scheme was launched by the centre to provide loan assistance to State Governments to enhance the pace of irrigation development in the country. The Primary objectives of AIBP include acceleration of implementation of ongoing projects and realization of bulk benefits from irrigation projects. The projects which have been launched in Ganjam have been treated under relaxed norms. SECTOR V: ENERGY

Among the prime inputs energy has always been a major thrust area as far as infrastructure is concerned. This is crucial for the economic development as well as overall well-being of the people. Increase in power generation has cascading effects on all sectors leading to increased growth in agriculture, industry et al. Generation and supply of energy at affordable prices has always remained a great challenge. Both conventional energy and non-conventional sources of energy have been of considerable importance to fulfill the growing demands in the district. Domestic as well as commercial consumption of energy has increased over the years. Several successive plans and schemes have been implemented since last few years.

The proposed 12th five year plan for the Energy sector is Rs. 120.00 lakh and proposed annual plan for the year 2012-13 is Rs. 24.00 lakh.

Table 6. 6 Projected and Proosed Outlays for Eneergy Sector

ENERGY 2012-17 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13Power National Biogas & Manure 120.00 20.16 28.00 24.00


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SECTOR VI: INDUSTRIES AND MINERALS The District Industries Centre of Ganjam has come into existence in 1978. Prior to that, there were only two medium and large-scale industries and 620 SSI units. After establishment of DIC, support and services in various forms are being provided to prospective entrepreneurs for establishment of small scale/village and cottage industries. Further, the industrial policy resolutions such as of 1980, 1986, 1992 and 1996 declared by the state government have provided various incentives to SSI for their sustained growth. 36227 persons have been employed through 8580 number of SSI units in Ganjam. The district has three industrial estates located at Berhampur, Bhanjnagar and Chatrapur. Developed plots and sheds along with other infrastructural facilities like road, drainage, water supply and electricity are being provided by IDCO in these areas.

The proposed 12th five year plan for the industry and minerals is Rs. 19449.96 lakh and proposed annual plan for the year 2011-12 is Rs. 3495.24 lakh.

Table 6. 7 Industry and Minerals

INDUSTRY AND MINERALS 2007-12 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Village & Small Enterprises (a) Small Scale Industries 19119.96 3232.09 3232.51 3429.24(b) Textile & Handloom 330.00 51.06 43.64 66.00TOTAL 19449.96 3283.15 3276.15 3495.24


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Graph 6. 3 Small scale and Textile Industries

6.6: Promotion of Handloom Industries:

The objective of the scheme is to popularize handloom consumers by organizing exhibitions, festivals, workshops, exposure visits, technology demonstration, fairs, seminars and other such activities within and outside the district and state. Annual Plan Outlay for the district is Rs.66.00 lakh.

6.6.1: Promotion of Handicraft, cottage and other Industries:

The objective of the scheme is to impart training in handicrafts as well as carpet weaving in different training centers by providing stipend to the trainees, wages to Master Craftsmen, raw materials and house rent of the training centers. Annual Plan Outlay 2012-13 for the district is Rs. 3429.24lakh.

SECTOR VII: TRANSPORT

Good infrastructure gives an area, zone or district an upper edge for attracting investment and mobilization of funds into the district. With the onset of liberalization an efficient transport infrastructure has become a necessity to enable the district to be a major player in the domestic and international markets through the transfer of goods produced specifically in the district to centers where they can be directed towards prospective national and international markets. The proposed 12th five year plan for the Transport sector is Rs. 149044.50 lakh and proposed annual plan for the year 2012-13 is Rs. 31714.54 lakh.

Table 6. 8 Transport Sector TRANSPORT 2012-17 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

Road and Buildingses 89427.95 9616.24 11023.20 14289.00 Road and Works 36858.25 8165.79 12240.79 13694.67 R and B Plan scheme/works 22758.31 1175.02 1118.09 3730.87

Total 149044.5 18957.05 24382.08 31714.54


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Graph 6.5 Transport Sector

6.7: Roads

Road transportation is a critical infrastructure for growth. It is equally important to reach remote areas where access by railways is not always possible. While Railways can create “Jump off” point for and to the urban centers, roads whether rural or urban in the district complete the final lap to the actual destination points such as villages and other smaller urban hubs. Ganjam in particular, plays an important role by linking eleven railways stations and important ports such as Gopalpur. Currently Ganjam has 927 km. of important National Highways, State Highways and Major District Roads. The composition in terms of percentage of the above three types of roads to their total is 23%, 67% and 10% respectively.

6.7.1: Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)

Continuous efforts have been carried out by the State and Central Government for rural road connectivity over the past years. However, only about 60% of the habitations have some road connectivity. The construction of these roads is not of high quality; hence they cannot be categorized as all-weather roads. Keeping this in view the Government launched the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) on 25th December, 2000 to provide all-weather road connectivity to unconnected habitations. It is a 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme. Fifty percent of the Cess on High Speed Diesel (HSD) is earmarked for this Programme. The primary objective of the PMGSY is to provide connectivity, by way of all-weather roads (with necessary culverts and cross-drainage structures, which is operable throughout the year); to all eligible unconnected habitations in rural areas with a population of thousand persons and five hundred persons and above in the Tribal (Scheduled V) areas.


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SECTOR VIII: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

6.8: Forestry, Environment and Ecology.

The forest area of Ganjam district is 28% of the total Geographical Area. Ganjam has three Forest Divisions, out of which Berhampur Forest Division is an important one. The geographical area of this division is 3397.49 sq km with a forest area of 696.08 sq.km. It comprises of four terminal Ranges. The forest area is distributed primarily in Soroda, Kodala, Khalikote, Tamana, Karchutti, Buguda, Tarasingi, Gallery (Bhanjanagar), Dholapita and Durga Prasad blocks and regions. The major forest products are Timber, Bamboo, Tamarind, Mahua, Sal, Resin, Kendu-leaves, Siali leaves and Karanja Seeds. The Minor Forest Products in the district are nuts and berries of different types, barks of different trees and edible roots. Scope exists for the processing of raw forest produce that would add value to the finished products. The establishment of relevant industrial units and linkage between collection and processing will increase employment opportunities. Public-Private partnership with welfare motive is highly desirable and forms an integral part of the plan.

The forest department under its conservation role protects Olive Ridley Sea Turtle in Rushikulya Beda, Crocodile in Ghodahada Reservoir and Black Bucks in Khalikote among others. The Olive-friendly Sea-turtles reach Rushikulya river, every year for mass nesting. These turtles lay eggs on the sea-beach, North of River Rusikulya from Village Purunabandha up to village Kantigada covering an area of five kms. Potential exists to increase tourist attraction to watch the egg laying spectacle. In the Ghodahada Reservoir 32 Crocodiles have been counted as per a survey conducted by DFO, Berhampur. Black bucks are seen publicly in herds in and around ten villages of Aska and Buguda Block areas of the district. A total of 528 black bucks have been observed in these ten-villages under Khalikote Forest Range. These can add tourism opportunities.

The proposed 12th five year plan for the SCIENCE,TECNHOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT is Rs. 5823.94 lakh and proposed annual plan for the year 2012-13 is Rs. 1155.24 lakh.

Table 6. 9 Science Technology and Environment

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT 2012-17 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

Total fund 5823.94 982.44 1010.20 1155.24


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Graph 6. 4 Forestry and Wildlife

SECTOR IX: GENERAL ECONOMIC SERVICES 6.9: Census, Surveys and Statistics Agriculture censuses, M.I. census, economic census is required for the district. The census aims at collection and compilation of data on operational holdings in various sizes and classes in three phases. 6.9.1: Survey and Statistics The Directorate of Economics and Statistics is mandated to cater to data needs of various government organizations and academic institutions. It is currently engaged in conducting various studies and surveys including state income estimation, capital formation, employment, annual survey of industries among others. The proposed 12th five year plan for the GENERAL ECONOMICS SERVICES is Rs. 13500.00 lakh and proposed annual plan for the year 2012-13 is Rs. 2700.00 Lakh.

Table 6. 10 General Economic Services

GENERAL ECONOMIC SERVICES 2012-17 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

MPLAD 7000.00 102.96 493.00 1400.00

MLALAD 6500.00 626.80 1300.00 1300.00 TOTAL 13500.00 729.76 1793.00 2700.00


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SECTOR X: SOCIAL SERVICES The objective of education is to empower people with skills, knowledge and positive attitude in order to have respectable sources of livelihood. It aims at reducing illiteracy rate and providing sound qualifications that can be put to use in practical field. Skill up-gradation and knowledge enhancement is possible through liberal and technical education. Elementary education has been the centre of focus since independence. The goal of universalization of elementary education has not so far been realized due to the inability to successfully handle local problems and identification of the issues and solutions in context to the situation of the district. To address various issues on quality education, multi-grade and multi-situation activities need to be incorporated in the plan to deal with problems.

The proposed 12th five year plan for the social services is Rs. 315125.33 lakh and proposed annual plan for the year 2012-13 is Rs. 70615.62 lakh.

Table 6. 11 Social Services

SOCIAL SERVICES 2012-17 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

General Education 103554.00 11375.39 18130.60 20042.35 Art and Culture 93.00 27.00

Medical & Public Health 25315.14 3038.88 3513.37 4376.04

Water Supply & Sanitation 23451.08 3416.73 5699.98 6134.85

Housing 27201.74 5722.30 4053.91 4459.30

Development of SCs, STs & OBCs 6000.87 933.29 1012.72 1199.43 Social Security & Social Welfare 84662.37 13403.64 47210.79 24077.63

Empowerment of Women 10521.04 375.33 492.06 2209.87 Urban Development 34326.08 3416.48 14229.11 8089.15

Total 315125.33 41682.04 94342.55 70615.62

Graph 6. 5 Growth of Social Sector


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6.10: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is one of flagship programmes of Government of India. Its main objective is for the achievement of Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) in a time bound manner. SSA is being implemented in partnership with State Governments to cover the entire country. The programme seeks to open new schools in those habitations which do not have schooling facilities and strengthen existing school infrastructure through provision of additional class rooms, toilets, drinking water, maintenance grant and school improvement grants. Besides this, schools with inadequate teacher strength are being provided with additional teachers; while the capacity of existing teachers is being strengthened by extensive training, grants for developing Teaching-Learning Materials (TLM) and strengthening of the academic support structure at a cluster, block and district level. SSA seeks to provide quality elementary education including life skills. SSA has a special focus on girl's education and children with special needs. Recently SSA also included the objective to provide computer education to bridge the digital divide. National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL): The NPEGEL as an additional component for education of girls especially from the disadvantaged groups. This forms a separate and distinct gender component plan of SSA. The scheme is to be applicable in blocks where the level of rural female literacy is less than the national average and the gender gap is above the national average. The Annual Plan Outlay for the district under this scheme is Rs.253.85 lakh.

Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV): The percentage of dropout and out of reach children are more among the SC, ST, OBC and minorities girl children. An attempt has been made to bring them into mainstream education through Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV). Under this SC/ST girl students are imparted education in the Residential schools. This would be applicable only in the educationally backward blocks. Annual Plan Outlay for the district under KGBV is Rs.556.44 lakh with funding pattern 65:35 ratio between Central and State Share.

Secondary and Higher Education: Secondary Education serves as a bridge between primary and higher education, and aims at preparing young persons between the age group of 14-18 to face the world as adults and enter further higher education. There are 101944 students in Secondary schools in the District with 57% boys and 43% girls studying in 505 secondary schools. To accommodate children in schools at secondary level, the district needs more secondary level schools at GP level to cater out of reach children. There are 83 colleges in the district including 12 colleges for women having 34827 students and 1738 lecturers/readers.

Health Services Health for all cannot be achieved by the health sector alone. Concerted and integrated efforts of different sectors like ICDS, PRI, rural water supply and sanitation are equally essential for this purpose. Thus there is need for convergence of activities of other sectors with Health. The key


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to successful implementation of NRHM lies in inter-sectoral convergence. There are 444 Sub-Centers in the district to provide health care services to people at village level through the health workers; out of which 272 Sub-centers have their own buildings and the rest are functioning in rented buildings. For the sub-centers which are being managed in rented buildings, there should be provisions of rent. Out of buildings available, around 75% of Sub-centre Building need repair. There are 475 Gram Panchayats. The number of Sub-Centers should be equal to G.P. So there is a need for new construction of 31 sub-Centers. There are 87 single doctor institutions that need repair and renovation. For monitoring and facilitating various health activities are also required.

The other requirements to improve the health situation are:

Construction of 203 sub-Centers in a phased manner over a period of five years Repair and renovation of 220 Sub-Centers phase wise giving priority to sub-Centers in

dilapidated condition Repair and renovation of 87 single doctor institutions Repair and renovation of District Training Unit (DTU) Provision for permanent Water Supply to 272 Sub-Centers Repair and maintenance of available 9 vehicles Hiring of vehicle for the 20 blocks

6.10.1: National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) NRHM was launched in June 2005 with an aim to provide effective health care to rural people, especially among the disadvantaged groups including women and children. Its objectives would be achieved by improving access, enabling community ownership and demand for services, strengthening public health system for effective service delivery, enhancing equity and accountability and promoting decentralization et al. The Mission aims to reduce IMR and MMR, provide access to Public Health Services, promote Women Health, Child Health, Sanitation and Hygiene, Immunization and Nutrition, prevention and control of communicable and non-communicable diseases. To provide integrated and comprehensive primary health care, population stabilization, gender and demographic balance and promotion of health lifestyle are some other critical areas of NRHM.

The Annual Plan Outlay for the district under NRHM is Rs. 4216.04 lakh with 85:15 funding ratio between Central and State Government.

6.10.2: HIV/AIDS

AIDS has emerged as the most devastating Public Health Problem in the district of Ganjam. 48% of HIV +ve people of Orissa live in Ganjam. Many socio-economic factors contribute to the high incidence of HIV. One of the major factors includes the migrants and labourers working in towns and cities both inside and outside the district. Extramarital relationship, multiple sex partners with STD, HIV/AIDS, no awareness on safe sex practices etc. are have been the main


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causes of the menace. It is observed that the Blocks where number of migrants are higher, there are more HIV +Ve cases. Risky Sexual Behaviors are commonly seen in migrants. About 85% of migrants at Surat are from Ganjam. NH 5 and NH 217 pass through the district for about 120 kilometers. that make it more vulnerable to AIDS (as large numbers of truckers pass through the NH daily). Truckers and Dhabas indulge in risky and unsafe sexual practices.

Various surveys among the migrants have shown that the awareness on HIV/AIDS is very poor. They live in very unhygienic conditions and usually live without their family. They practice unsafe sex and get infected with HIV. Back at home they infect their wives who are silent victims. In turn the new born babies are infected with HIV/AIDS. This continues to become a vicious cycle. Socio-cultural factors do not allow the women to freely discuss about sex and use of condoms even with their husbands. In the recent years many Awareness Programmes have been taken up in the district for prevention and control of AIDS. ARUNA, NEC, CARE, GPSS, Implementation of T.I. programs in Hinjilicut, Aska, Chikiti, Dengapadar and Bhanjanagar are also being carried out. However the performance of T.I. Programmes has not met expectation. UNDP has started some initiatives in the field of HIV/AIDS by establishing ICT-Kiosks with the help of NGOs in 19 sites including Railway Hospital, Berhampur. Under NRHM, steps need to be taken for effective measures for protection and control of AIDS. The following objectives and strategies are aimed to reverse the epidemic in the District of Ganjam over the next five years; by integration of prevention and treatment programmes:

Prevention of new infection in the High Risk Groups and Vulnerable population

Increasing the proportion of people living with HIV/AIDS to receive care and treatment

Strengthening infrastructure, systems and human resources in prevention and treatment programme

IEC for general population and adolescents

Comprehensive and Inter-sectoral approach through ZSS

BCC in High Risks groups and vulnerable population

Provision of Treatment Facility for RTI/STI at Block level institutions AH/ SDH and City Hospital

Promotion of Use of Condom

IPC through Health Workers, AWWs, ASHA

School AIDs and College AIDS programme

Selection and training of peer educators


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Water Supply and Sanitation 6.10.7: Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) This is a centrally Sponsored Plan Programme with a funding pattern of 50:50 ratio between

State and Centre. Although the matching share of the State Government is exactly meant for

ARWSP, the central Government releases fund equivalent to the amount spent by the State

Government. The main objective of ARWSP is to provide potable drinking water by installing

tube wells, sanitary wells and piped water supply projects in rural areas. The components of the

programme include Installation of spot sources, rural piped water supply, survey and

investigation and sustainability, machinery and equipment, regular establishment, building

programme, MIS and computerization, monitoring and investigation unit, operation and

maintenance among others. The total outlay under National Rural Drinking Water Programme

for this sector is Rs 3242.76 lakh.

6.10.8: Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC)

The main objectives of the TSC are as under:

1 Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the rural areas

2 Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas

3 Generate felt demand for sanitation facilities through awareness creation and health education

4 Cover schools/Anganwadi Centers in rural areas with sanitation facilities and promote hygiene education and sanitary habits among students

5 Encourage cost effective and appropriate technologies in sanitation

6 Eliminate open defecation to minimize risk of contamination of drinking water sources and food

7 Convert dry latrines to pour flush latrines, and eliminate manual scavenging practice, wherever existing in rural areas

The Annual Plan Outlay for the district under TSC is Rs.2472.72 lakh with 75:25 funding ratio between Central and State government.


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Rural Housing 6.10.9: Indira Awas Yojana Under Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) assistance is being provided to BPL rural households including SC/ST and the freed bonded laborers for construction of dwelling houses. Under this scheme the beneficiaries are selected through Gram Sabha /Palli Sabha. The houses are constructed by the beneficiaries themselves. Annual Plan Outlay for the district is Rs.2993.91 lakh with 75:25 funding ratio between Centre and the State. Urban Development

With rapid growth of the economy urban centers in the district particularly Berhampur Municipality is facing constraints in regards to housing, traffic control and encroachments. Since rural to urban migration will continue at a faster rate, saturation will set in the Agriculture sector. Hence the development of urban bodies has to be taken up with a lot of foresight. Under Housing and Urban development Annual Plan outlays of Rs.2600.25 lakh have been made for the district.

Social Security and Social Welfare

The annual outlay for this sector for the year 2011-12 is Rs.5894.50 lakh. 6.10.10: National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) The National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) which came into effect from 15th August, 1995 represents a significant step towards the fulfillment of the Directive Principles in Article 41 and 42 of the Constitution. It has introduced a National Policy for Social Assistance benefit to poor households in case of old age, death of primary bread-winner and maternity. The Programme has the following components, namely:- 6.10.11: National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS): Under this Scheme, Central Assistance is available as per the following criteria:

Age of the applicant (male or female) is 65 years or more The applicant is a 'destitute' in the sense of having little or no regular means of

subsistence from his/her own sources of income or through financial support from family members or other sources

6.10.12: Madhu Babu Pension Yojana (MBPY): Under this scheme pension of Rs.200.00 will be provided to destitute persons both male and female.


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6.10.13: Development of SCs and STs

People belonging to SC, ST and OBC categories are at the lowest rung of the social hierarchy in Orissa. Even though the Indian constitution has given directives for safeguarding the welfare of these groups the situation of these vulnerable groups remains grim in comparison to higher caste groups. The current Plan would envisage the addressing of issues of relevance to these groups. Ganjam has a Scheduled caste population of 586798 and a scheduled tribe population of 90919. These groups account for 18.57% and 2.88% of the total population respectively. The broad objectives of the plan are to improve the condition of the above underprivileged groups. This would focus on improving the socio-economic condition and reducing poverty, bringing these communities into the mainstream of the social setup, development of critical infrastructure, communication, education, health, housing, provision of basic minimum services, protecting them from social discrimination and protecting their livelihood rights over forests and lands.

The Schemes Operating under State Plan for Scheduled Tribes include:

Pre-Matric Scholarship to Scheduled Tribe Students-With a view to promote primary and secondary education among the tribal children and increasing enrolment, special hostels for Tribal children have been established. Along with this Pre-Matric scholarship are paid to boys and girls pursuing their studies from class I to X in schools/hostels for 10 months in a year. Annual Outlay for Pre-Matric Scholarship is Rs.173.07 lakh.

The Government has also taken initiatives through schemes such as Supply of Nationalized Text Books to SCs and STs with an Annual outlay for the district being 0.18 lakh.

The other initiatives include Writing Materials for ST students, Construction, Renovation and Reconstruction of Educational Institutions and Special Adivasi Hostels, Pre-examination Training of Scheduled Tribe Candidates for Recruitment into Armed Forces and CPMF and Rehabilitation and Legal Aid to ST Victims of Atrocities

The Annual Plan Outlay for the district for SC & ST and OBC development is Rs.3425.05 lakh.


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CHAPTER-VII

TRIBAL SUB-PLAN (TSP)

Basically the Schedule Tribes area is characterized by rich endowment of hilly forest and natural resources, which are mostly inaccessible and isolated. Majority of their food and livelihood security is dependent upon shifting cultivation, wage earning and collection of minor forest produce. Tribal population of the district is mostly affected by the process of rapid urbanization and forest denudation as a result they are deprived of their natural endowment and sustainable source of livelihood. They are generally in a state of social, educational and economic backwardness. Tribal Sub-Plan focuses on comprehensive and holistic views of tribal problems to bring down the gap of socio-economic development between tribal and non-tribals. This is oriented towards household income generating schemes in the field of agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, fishery, goat keeping, poultry etc. Elimination of exploitation, development of human resources through education, health and training programme are the main focus of the plan. 7.1: Demographic Profile In Ganjam, Scheduled Tribes comprises 2.88% of the total population of the district. Out of the total Schedule Tribe population of the district, 87311(96.03%) resides in rural areas and only a small fraction of 3608 (3.97%) reside in urban areas (table 7.1).

Table 7.1 No. of ST Population across Blocks

Sl. No.

Block Person Male Female Sex

Ratio

% of ST Population to

Total Population 1 Aska 932 455 477 1048 0.702 Beguniapada 2793 1392 1401 1006 2.473 Belaguntha 678 329 349 1061 0.664 Bhanjanagar 7805 3968 3837 967 6.375 Buguda 1983 1016 967 952 1.866 Chhatrapur 518 263 255 970 0.417 Chikiti 2596 1288 1308 1016 2.768 Dharakote 6682 3310 3372 1019 6.589 Digapahandi 8793 4446 4347 978 6.44

10 Ganjam 507 306 201 657 0.6111 Hinjilicut 451 237 214 903 0.4212 Jaganthaprasad 5795 3037 2758 908 4.9213 Kavisuryanagar 355 160 195 1219 0.3514 Khallikote 5010 2476 2534 1023 3.6515 Kukudakhandi 5478 2780 2698 971 4.40


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Sl. No.

Block Person Male Female Sex

Ratio

% of ST Population to

Total Population 16 Patrapur 13632 6939 6693 965 11.5417 Polasara 3020 1513 1507 996 2.5818 Purusottampur 250 119 131 1101 0.1919 Rangeilunda 586 285 301 1056 0.4220 Sanakhemundi 6005 3005 3000 998 4.0621 Sheragada 598 291 307 1055 0.5122 Surada 12844 6270 6574 1048 10.19

Rural 87311 43885 43426 990 3.35 Urban 3608 1958 1650 843 0.65 District 90919 45843 45076 983 2.88Source: Census of India, 2001 Out of total ST population more than 29% STs found both in Patrapur and Surada blocks. Patrapur and Surada blocks predominated by ‘Saura’ tribes. Bisides ‘Saura’, ‘Kandha’ tribe are also found in the district. Tubma Development Agency (TDA) is working in the 58 villages of Patrapur block. For the conservation and development of Saura tribes, TDA is providing support in Tumba areas in the field of education, health, livelihood, infrastructure etc. 7.2: Education There are 42 schools in the Tribal area of the district under SC & ST development department as per Annual Work Plan, SSA, Ganjam. The rate of literacy among STs is 35.54% against the overall district literacy rate of 60.77% as per 2001 Census. The overall tribal male and female literacy rates are 50.22% and 20.65% respectively (table 7.2). The tribal female literacy is comparatively lesser than the district female literacy of 46.44%, which needs attention. The overall gender disparity index for literacy is 1.43, in respect of rural areas it is 1.57. While compare with district as well as rural gender disparity among STs, the gender disparity in urban area is in better position (0.33). The district and the state administration have taken this into consideration and initiated actions reduce disparity by emphasizing more on girls’ education.

Table 7. 2 Literacy Rate by Sex among STs across Blocks

Sl. No. Blocks Male Female Total Gender Disparity

in Literacy 1 Aska 24.80 18.80 21.80 0.322 Beguniapada 27.70 24.30 26.00 1.283 Belaguntha 25.30 19.80 22.50 1.554 Bhanjanagar 25.10 17.90 21.50 2.085 Buguda 25.60 20.20 22.90 1.536 Chatrapur 25.80 21.00 23.40 1.467 Chikiti 25.90 20.80 23.40 1.498 Dharakote 27.40 26.30 26.90 1.08


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Sl. No. Blocks Male Female Total Gender Disparity

in Literacy 9 Digapahandi 28.10 26.00 27.10 1.16

10 Ganjam 27.40 26.00 26.70 1.1111 Hinjilicut 25.90 21.80 23.90 1.3812 Jaganthaprasad 27.20 24.50 25.90 1.2213 Kavisuryanagar 26.40 22.70 24.60 1.3314 Khallikote 27.80 25.00 26.40 1.2215 Kukudakhandi 26.30 22.20 24.30 1.3716 Patrapur 28.00 26.10 27.00 1.1417 Polasara 28.20 28.60 28.40 0.9718 Purusottampur 27.00 23.90 25.40 1.2619 Rangeilunda 29.40 27.50 28.50 1.1320 Sanakhemundi 28.50 26.50 27.50 1.1521 Sheragada 28.20 25.80 27.00 1.1822 Surada 28.90 26.70 27.80 1.16

Rural 48.43 18.85 33.70 1.57Urban 88.26 66.22 78.23 0.33District 50.22 20.65 35.54 1.43

Source: Census of India 2001 7.3 Landholding Patterns The land holding pattern among Scheduled Tribes (STs) in Ganjam district is highly skewed. Among all categories the ST marginalized community has least share in land. Large numbers of household have small holdings. They are not in a position to heavily rely on farming as a principal livelihood option. They have slowly but steadily shifted to the category of other workers. More than 56% and nearly 29% belongs to marginal and small category with an average holding size 0.48 ha and 1.39 ha respectively. Overall average holding size for ST is 1.15 ha in the district against the state average of 1.33% (table 7.3).

Table 7. 3 Class-wise Number and Area of Operational Holding for the ST Population

Operational Holding Class

Size Groups

No. of Operational

Holding

%age of Operational

Holding

Area of Operational

Holding (in ha.)

%age of Area of

Operational Holding (in ha.)

Average holding

Size (in ha.)

Marginal Below 1 ha.

8588 56.46 4137 23.60 0.48

Small 1-2 ha. 4392 28.88 6111 34.86 1.39Small Medium

2-4 ha. 1793 11.79 4777 27.25 2.66

Medium 4-10 ha. 397 2.61 2067 11.79 5.21


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Size Groups

No. of Operational

Holding

%age of Operational

Holding

Area of Operational

Holding (in ha.)

%age of Area of


Average holding

Size (in ha.)

Large Above 10 ha.

40 0.26 437 2.49 10.93

All Classes 15210 17529 1.15

Source: Report on Agricultural Census, 2000-01 Orissa (DES, Bhubaneswar), Page 35-36 7.4: Occupation Pattern and Livelihood Programme A number of livelihood support programmes have been implemented in various sectors and departments in convergence. Swarnajayanti Gramya Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY), Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF) and National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) are major flagship programmes implemented in the district to generate employment and income. Under agriculture and allied activities Rastriya Krishi Vikash Yojana (RKVY) and National Food Security Mission (NFSM) are two flagship programmes currently ongoing to accelerate production of foodgrains that would ensure better equity and reduce food insecurity and vulnerability. Social security measures to support the old age and distressed tribes, various provisions have been made in convergence with several programmes such as pensions to destitute, provision of supply of rice @ Rs.2/- per kg. and strengthening the Public Distribution System (PDS) for the reduction of burden on the tribes.

Under National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) Jobs have been provided to tribal households demanded for employment. Job cards have been provided to 23429* no. of households. 572,674 no. of person-days was generated during 2008-09 among tribes which is 5.87% to total person-days generated in the district. Further, SC & ST households had higher shares in employment through NREGS as compared to their share in the population.

Objectives of TSP

Socio-economic development of ST and their inhabitation Protection of tribes from exploitation. This can be achieved with:

1. Secure forest right 2. Proper land reform 3. Improve and protect primitive tribal culture and tradition 4. Regulate procurement of NTFP produces from the forest 5. Reduce exploitation from money lenders promoting SHG & other small

enterprises To protect tribal rights on forest, land other natural resources.


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To develop communication facilities and sustainable common infrastructure for tribal areas

To provide basic health service at rural tribal area To reduce MMR/IMR promotion of institutional delivery To achieve Universalization of Elementary Education, Compulsory education for all

Strategy

Education being the most effective tool of empowerment has been given high priority in tribal areas

1. Establishment of new residential schools and hostel for tribal children 2. Provision for good quality food in MDM. Provision for writing and reading

materials and extra classes for slow learners as well as bridge course for dropouts. Scholarships to increase enrollment and retention of the tribal children. Beside this special campaigns for enrollment in tribal pockets

3. To reduce language (dialectical) barrier between teacher and students; can be achieved through special orientation course for teachers

Women development and empowerment is another instrument to achieve socio-economical development rapidly

1. Formation of new SHGs and ensuring all tribal women being a member of any SHG

2. Strengthening and capacity building of SHG through training on various handicrafts and other income generating activities considering the aptitude of local tribal and feasibility in respective areas

Adequate training and supervision to beneficiaries in all individual benefit oriented programme like SGSY, and other schemes

SHGs and PRIs are being strengthened under amended money lending regulation to enable the community to protect the individuals from exploitation by money lenders

Check and curb enforcement of land transfer from tribals to non-tribals and even from tribals having marginal and small land holdings to other tribals having larger land holdings

Provision for forest rights especially for forest dwellers and shifting cultivators

Strengthen SHGs, PRIs, and regulated markets to prevent distress sale of forest produce, and training for value addition for forest products

Rural connectivity for all tribal villages having more than 500 population

Integrated Awareness Campaign through IEC about various development programme, health, nutrition, sanitation, hygiene, importance of child care and education. Awareness about savings and reducing evil consequences of alcoholism and dogmatism have been given equal importance

Ensure proper implementation of employment generation scheme viz.; NREGS, BRGF, SGSY, IWDP, IAY and Cluster Micro Project


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7.4: Schemes under Tribal Sub-Plan A number of schemes under TSP are currently running in the district. Employment generation schemes such as NREGS, BRGF, SGSY, IWDP, IAY, and Cluster Micro Project are being implemented in the district. For the agricultural development schemes like RKVY and AIBP are going on. For social security measures, SNP, AY, NOAP, NFBS, and MBPY schemes are being implemented. Priority has been given to tribal hamlets and villages in PMGSY for rural connectivity. Separate development agency for the Soura community is set up in Tumba in Patrapur block of GanjamDistrict. 7.5: Tribal Sub-Plan 2012-13 The Annual Plan TSP for the year 2012-13, has main emphasis for the socio-economic development of the ST communities of the district. An estimated budget plan of Rs. 4492.61 lakh (2.29% of the total outlay)has been proposed for TSP. The sector wise outlay for the year 2012-13 is summarized below:

Table 7. 4 Proposed Outlay for Tribal Sub-Plan 2012-13Under different Sectors

Sl. No. Sector Proposed Outlay 2012-13 (Rs. In lakh)

1 Agriculture and Allied Activities 189.532 Rural Development 316.763 Special Areas Programmes 134.964 Irrigation & flood Control 691.885 Energy 0.696 Industry and Minerals 100.667 Transport 913.378 Science,Technology & environment 33.279 General Economic Services 77.76

10 Social Services 2033.73 Total 4492.61


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CHAPTER-VIII

SCHEDULED CASTE SUB-PLAN (SCSP)

Schedule Caste Sub-Plan focuses on comprehensive and holistic views of problems of SCs to bring down the gap in pace of socio-economical development between SC community and others. This is oriented towards household income generating schemes in the field of agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, fishery, goat keeping, poultry etc. and elimination of exploitation, human resource development through education and training programme and special emphasis to women empowerment. Unlike Tribal Sub-Plan, the Scheduled Caste Sub Plan is not area specific. The SC population is scattered all over the district. A comprehensive SCSP is formulated by coordinating plans of different sectors and ensuring adequate flow of funds for the benefits of the SC population.

8.1 Demographic Profile Ganjam has 18.57% of Schedule Caste population with 586,798 persons. Out of the total Schedule Caste population of the district, 518035 (88.28%) reside in rural areas and 68763 (11.72%) reside in urban areas. The SC Population in the district varies from 2.49% to 5.79% across blocks (table 8.1). Less number of SCs found in Belaguntha (2.49%) Block and more SCs found in Purusottampur (5.79%) Block. The Sex ratio of SC communities in the district found better (1012) compare to other social communities. The concentration of Scheduled Castes in the district is presented in the map.

Table 8. 1 Demographic Profile of SC Population

Sl. No. Block Person Male Female Sex

Ratio % of SC

Population 1 Aska 24396 12064 12332 1022 18.29 2 Beguniapada 20269 9926 10343 1042 17.94 3 Belaguntha 14631 7065 7566 1071 14.19 4 Bhanjanagar 26011 13047 12964 994 21.24 5 Buguda 20901 10287 10614 1032 19.58 6 Chhatrapur 33892 17079 16813 984 26.97 7 Chikiti 25898 12887 13011 1010 27.57 8 Dharakote 17706 8689 9017 1038 17.44 9 Digapahandi 21398 10520 10878 1034 15.66

10 Ganjam 19098 9749 9349 959 23.09 11 Hinjilicut 24065 11959 12106 1012 22.48


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Sl. No. Block Person Male Female Sex

Ratio % of SC

Population 12 Jaganthaprasad 27528 13716 13812 1007 23.35 13 Kavisuryanagar 17853 8821 9032 1024 17.43 14 Khallikote 30670 15323 15347 1002 22.36 15 Kukudakhandi 29508 14836 14672 989 23.68 16 Patrapur 19075 9189 9886 1076 16.15 17 Polasara 17222 8335 8887 1066 14.68 18 Purusottampur 33963 16782 17181 1024 26.23 19 Rangeilunda 27372 13579 13793 1016 19.60 20 Sanakhemundi 19634 9817 9817 1000 13.29 21 Sheragada 21455 10846 10609 978 18.24 22 Surada 25490 12787 12703 993 20.22

Rural 518035 257303 260732 1013 19.89 Urban 68763 34379 34384 1000 12.36 District 586798 291682 295116 1012 18.57 Source: Census 2001 8.2: Education There are 42 Schools in the district under SC & ST development Department as per Annual Work Plan, SSA Ganjam. The Scheduled Castes have overall literacy rate is 44.56% as against the overall district literacy rate of 60.77% as per 2001 Census. The SC male and female literacy rates are 61.93% and 27.61% respectively (table 8.2).

Table 8. 2 Literacy Rate by Sex among SCs across Blocks

(Figure in %)

Sl. No. Blocks Male Female Total Gender Disparity in

Literacy 1 Aska 49.50 37.60 43.50 0.59 2 Beguniapada 55.50 24.30 39.90 0.82

3 Belaguntha 50.50 19.80 35.20 0.47 4 Bhanjanagar 55.10 17.90 34.00 0.60 5 Buguda 51.20 20.20 35.70 0.59 6 Chatrapur 51.60 21.00 36.30 0.75 7 Chikiti 51.80 20.80 36.30 1.04 8 Dharakote 54.80 26.30 40.60 0.81 9 Digapahandi 56.20 26.00 41.10 1.04

10 Ganjam 54.80 26.00 40.40 0.94 11 Hinjilicut 51.80 21.80 36.80 0.66 12 Jaganthaprasad 54.50 24.50 39.50 0.61 13 Kavisuryanagar 52.80 22.70 37.80 0.77


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Sl. No. Blocks Male Female Total Gender Disparity in

Literacy 14 Khallikote 55.60 25.00 40.30 0.89

15 Kukudakhandi 52.60 22.20 37.40 0.33

16 Patrapur 55.90 26.10 41.00 0.88 17 Polasara 56.30 28.60 42.50 0.78 18 Purusottampur 53.90 23.90 38.90 0.88

19 Rangeilunda 58.70 27.50 43.10 0.59

20 Sanakhemundi 57.00 26.50 41.80 0.95 21 Sheragada 56.30 25.80 41.10 0.75 22 Surada 57.70 26.70 42.20 0.97 Rural 60.39 25.37 42.65 1.38 Urban 73.10 44.26 58.62 0.65 District 61.93 27.61 44.56 1.24

Source: Census of India 2001

It is observed from the table above that gender disparity is lower where literacy rate of female is high. Overall gender disparity index for literacy in rural areas is 1.38 and in respect of urban area it is 0.64. For the district as a whole (rural+urban), the disparity is 1.24. The district and the state administration have taken this into consideration and initiated actions to reduce disparity by emphasizing more on girls’ education.

8.3 Landholding Patterns The land holding pattern among Scheduled Castes (SCs) in Ganjam district is highly skewed. Among all categories the SC marginalized community has least share in land. Large numbers of household have small holdings of land. They are not in a position to heavily rely on farming as a principal livelihood option. They have slowly but steadily shifted to the category of other workers. In Scheduled Caste group more than 74% belong to marginal category with average holding size of 0.40 ha. More than 18% belongs to small category with 1.35 ha average holding size (table 8.3). Overall average holding size for SC group is 0.76 ha.

Table 8. 3 Class-wise Number and Area of Operational Holding for the Year 2000-01 Among SC Social Group


Size Groups

No. of Operational

Holding

Percentage of

Operational Holding

Area of Operational Holding (in

ha.)

Percentage of Area of


Average holding

Size (in ha.)

Marginal Below 1 ha

31460 74.28 12625 39.02 0.40

Small 1-2 ha 7774 18.36 10487 32.41 1.35Small Medium

2-4 ha 2712 6.40 7102 21.95 2.62


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Medium 4-10 ha 395 0.93 2036 6.29 5.15

Large Above 10 ha

10 0.02 106 0.33 10.60

All Classes 42351 32356 0.76Source: Report on Agricultural Census, 2000-01 Orissa (DES, Bhubaneswar), Page 35

8.4: Scheduled Caste Sub-Plan (SCSP) Approach Schedule Caste Sub-Plan approach for the development of the Schedule Caste has been adopted in the district from the beginning of the Sixth Five Year Plan. It is a strategic policy to secure overall development of SCs and to remove socio-economic disparities between the people belonging to this community and others in the society. The SCSP is formulated by coordinating the different sectoral plans; ensure adequate flow of funds directly for the benefit of SC people. This is oriented towards household income generating schemes in the field of agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, fishery, goat rearing, poultry, etc. Elimination of exploitation, human resource development through education, health and training programme and special emphasis to women empowerment are aims of the plan. 8.5: Thrust Areas The people of the Schedule Caste community are relatively poor and substantial part of this community is engaged in scavenging and un-clean occupations. This community has a low female literacy rate and dropout rate among the girl children is very high. The major thrust under SCSP is to provide these poor people access to resources and enhance their employment opportunities through need based composite programs like weaving, leather work, fishery, and wage employment etc. with emphasis on the supply of raw materials, developing market linkages for their products, skill up-gradation in vocations and introduction of modern technology.

Objectives of SCSP

Socio-economic development of SC and their inhabitation Protection of SC from exploitation of higher caste Encouraging the SC community to integrate them in mainstream of society Providing free education, health, housing and livelihood promotion Providing basic minimum services to enhance the quality of life Empowerment through effective legislative and regulatory measures Develop communication and sustainable common infrastructure development for SC

Strategy

Education being the most effective tool for empowering SC has been given high priority. This can be achieved through:

1. Establishment of new residential schools and hostels for tribals


108

2. Provision for good quality food in MDM, provision for writing and reading materials and extra classes for slow learners. Bridge courses for dropouts. Provide scholarship to increase enrollment and retention of the SC children. Beside this special campaign for enrollment in tribal pockets

Women development and empowerment is another instrument to achieve socio-economical development rapidly

1. Formation of new SHGs and ensuring all SC women to become a member of a SHG

2. Strengthening and capacity building of SHG through training on various micro enterprises such as weaving, leather work, sericulture and other income generating activities considering the aptitude of local SC and feasibility in respective area

Adequate training and supervision to beneficiaries in all individual benefit oriented programme like SGSY and its industrial promotion opportunities

SHGs and PRIs are being strengthened under amended money lending regulations to enable the community to protect the individual from exploitation by money lenders. Special campaigns are being set up for saving schemes

Check and curb enforcement of land transfer from SC to non SC and even from SC having marginal and small land holdings to other SC having larger land holdings

Awareness and rehabilitation programme for SC alcoholics. Establishment of Alcohol Addict Rehab centers and Counseling Centers at block level

Strengthen capacity building of SHGs, PRIs, and regulated markets to prevent distress sale of their products. Training for value addition to products

Integrated Awareness Campaign through IEC about various development programme, health, nutrition, sanitation, hygiene, importance of child care and education. Awareness about savings and reducing evil consequences of alcoholism and dogmatism have been given equal importance

Ensure proper implementation of employment generation schemes viz.; NREGS, BRGF, SGSY, IWDP, IAY and Cluster Micro Project

8.5: Schemes for Scheduled Castes

A number of schemes under SCSP are currently running in the district. Employment generation schemes such as NREGS, BRGF, SGSY, IWDP, IAY and Cluster Micro Project are being implemented in the district. For the agricultural development schemes like RKVY and AIBP are going on. For social security measures, SNP, AY, NOAP, NFBS, and MBPY schemes are being implemented. Priority has been given to SC dominated hamlets and villages in PMGSY for rural connectivity.

8.6: Scheduled Caste Sub-Plan 2012-13

The Annual Plan SCSP for the year 2012-13, has main emphasis for the rural development, social services and special area programme of the SC communities of the district. An estimated budget plan of Rs28811.45 lakh (18.58% of the total outlay) has been proposed for SCSP. The sector wise outlay for the year 2012-13 is summarized below:


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Table 8. 4 Proposed Outlay for Scheduled Castes Sub-plan 2012-13under Different Sectors

ANNUAL PLAN – 2012-13 FINANCIAL OUTLAYS : PROPOSALS FOR SCSP

Sectors Budget Agriculture and Allied Activities 1222.05Rural Development 2042.44Special Areas Programmes 713.65Irrigation & flood Control 4461.17Energy 4.46Industry and minerals 649.0661Transport 5889.39Science andTech 214.5281Gen economics 501.39Social services 13113.32TOTAL 28811.45

(The chart shows sectors wise SCSP outlays for the year 2012-13).


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CHAPTER-IX

BACKRWARD REGION GRANT FUND

The district has been identified as the backward district of Orissa henceforth was made eligible to BRGF funds. Previously the district was covered under RSVY and it moved from RSVY to BRGF in 2007-08. The district has received Rs. 22.85 crores under BRGF during 2007-08, Rs. 15.41 crores during 2008-09, Rs. 14.98 crores during 2009-10 and Rs. 22.85 crores during the year 2010-11. The district had the entitlement for the plan year (2011-12) is 2285 Lakhs and plan proposed for the year 2012-2013 is Rs.38.18 crore. The planning proposal has been inflated 150% to cover the previous years spillover projects. Total BRGF fund is allocated to urban and rural bodies in ratio of 32.62:67.38. The 67.38 percent share of the funds of rural local bodies is further distributed in ratio of 50:30:20 percent to GPs, PSs and ZP respectively. Dovetailing of BRGF fund for Distribution Transformer Systems. The proposal of the Chief Secretary, Odisha received vide his L. No. 12808 (30) Dt.31.10.2011 for dovetailing of Rs. 4.00 crore from the BRGF fund for each of the years 2011-12 and 2012-13 for replacement of burnt transformers, supplementation of additional transformers, reconducting of 33 KV/11KV lines and installation of equipments like theft proof energy meters etc was placed before the Committee for discussion and decision. The committee was also apprised of the advisory issued by the Commissioner-cum-Secretary to Govt. in P.R. Department, Odisha to obtain the approval of the DPC on suitable modification of the approved Action Plan of BRGF, 2011-12 and the proposal of dovetailing of Rs.4.00 crore from the BRGF, 2012-13 for the above purpose. The committee discussed the issue and felt the need of supplementing BRGF fund for Distribution Transformer Systems. But the Committee did not agree for dovetailing the BRGF fund, 2011-12 for the purpose due to the reason that works from the Action Plan already approved have commenced and modification of that list would not be possible However, a consensus was arrived at for dovetailing of Rs. 4.00 crore out of the BRGF, 2012-13 for Distribution Transformer Systems. The Committee approved these decisions. The Committee was apprised of the entitlement of the district under BRGF for 2012-13 and the size of the fund for which the Action Plan need be approved as per the following distribution. A. Entitlement of Ganjam district under BRGF, 2012-13 Rs. 25.45 crore B. Amount for which Action Plan need be prepared (25.45X150%): Rs.38.18 crore C. Distribution of fund for which different Local Bodies are required for preparation of Action

Plans.


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Sl. No.

Local Bodies Amount for which projects are to be included in the Annual Plan,2012-13 (Amount in crore)

1. ULBs 12.45

2. GPs 12.86

3. Panchayat Samitis 7.72

4. Zilla Parishad 5.15 In view of the approval of the Committee for dovetailing of flat Rs. 4.00 crore of BRGF fund, 2012-13 for the Distribution Transformer Systems, need for short sizing of the Action Plans of the Local Bodies so far decided by them was discussed. But the Committee after deliberation viewed that the Action plans have been prepared with the list of projects for 150% of the entitled amount in a prioritised manner. The funds will be released as would be received from the Govt. of India and accordingly the projects would be taken up as per the instruction to be issued by the PD, DRDA, Accordingly the local bodies would take up the projects for execution from the priority list. Since Rs. 4.00 crore was decided to be allotted for Distribution Transformer systems, the committee was apprised that proportionate curtailing of funds from the funds to be earmarked as per distribution formula being adopted would be resorted to. The committee however decided to approve Annual Plan, 2012-13 under BRGF of the district as received for the amount as mentioned as per the above noted distribution, particulars. RURAL – URBAN ALLOCATIONS; RURAL SECTOR PLAN As per the instruction of State Government, the Annual BRGF Plan of each district is prepared 150% more than the actual entitlement and the projects are taken up on priority basis. Details about the number of block-wise projects proposed to be taken up during 2012-13 and estimated budgets are presented in the table.

Table 9.1 Number of Projects with cost involved Name of the Block Number of Projects Approximate Cost (in Lakhs)

Aska 77 172.46 Beguniapada 31 60.87 Bellaguntha 32 67.03 Bhanjanagar 42 85.32 Buguda 27 69.27 Chatrapur 45 65.25 Chikiti 24 57.12 Dharakote 36 58.26 Digapahandi 56 160.19 Ganjam 26 46.60 Hinjilicut 55 95.66


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J.N.Prasad 21 64.07 K.S.Nagar 43 97.30 Khallikote 56 139.4 Kukudakhandi 50 96.08 Patrapur 26 64.03 Polosara 65 151.42 Purushottampur 78 157.18 Rangeilunda 62 140.53 Sanakhemundi 43 116.12 Sheragada 22 71.87 Surada 28 72.97 Grand Total 944 2109.00

PRI-wise distribution of Rural Sector Allocation:

As mentioned earlier total allocation of BRGF for rural sector of the district is distributed on 50:30:20 basis among Gram Panchayat (GP), Panchayat Samiti (PS) and Zilla Parishad (ZP) respectively. Block-wise details of GP, PS and ZP sector projects and estimated budget is presented in the table given below.

Table 9.2 Distribution of Projects with costs involved at different levels (Cost: Rs. In Lakhs)

Block Name PS Share ZP Share GP Share

Total Cost

No. of Projects

Total Cost

No. of Projects

Total Cost

No. of Projects

Aska 38.46 14 24 15 110 48 Beguniapada 32.87 22 18 4 10 5 Bellaguntha 29.03 16 18 6 20 10 Bhanjanagar 37.32 22 18 9 30 11 Buguda 31.27 12 18 8 20 7 Chatrapur 38.25 28 17 11 10 5 Chikiti 29.12 15 18 5 10 4 Dharakote 30.26 23 18 10 10 3 Digapahandi 40.19 15 24 7 96 34 Ganjam 24.60 16 12 6 10 4 Hinjilicut 31.66 26 14 11 50 18 J.N.Prasad 36.07 11 18 7 10 3 K.S.Nagar 29.30 15 18 7 50 21 Khallikote 41.40 9 18 12 80 35 Kukudakhandi 38.08 24 18 7 40 19 Patrapur 36.03 16 18 7 10 3


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Polosara 33.42 14 18 7 100 44 Purushottamp 39.18 40 18 7 100 31 Rangeilunda 40.53 21 30 12 70 29 Sanakhemund 42.12 9 24 13 50 21 Sheragada 33.87 8 19 8 20 7 Surada 38.97 13 24 11 10 4 Grand Total 772.00 389 421.00 189 916.00 366

Urban Sector Plan

Ganjam has 17 Notified Area Councils and 1 Municipal Corporation. The share of Urban sector put of total BRGF allocation is 32.62 percent of total allocation.

Table 9.3 Number of projects proposed by the ULBs

Municipality/ NAC No. of Projects

Aska NAC 7

Bellaguntha NAC 3

Berhampur Municipal Corporation 95

Bhanjanagar NAC 3

Buguda NAC 2

Chatrapur NAC 13

Chikiti NAC 2

Digapahandi NAC 16

Ganjam NAC 8

Gopalpur NAC 1

Hinjilicut NAC 3

Kabisuryanagar NAC 6

Khallikote NAC 5

Kodala NAC 2

Polasara NAC 6

Purushottampur NAC 3

Rambha NAC 2

Surada NAC 4

Grand Total 181


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Table 9.4 Total allocation to ULBs (Budget: Rs. In Lakhs)

ULBs Total Budget

Aska NAC 49.29

Bellaguntha NAC 23.54

Berhampur Municipal Corporation 665.14

Bhanjanagar NAC 47.51

Buguda NAC 30.03

Chatrapur NAC 38.00

Chikiti NAC 27.05

Digapahandi NAC 25.86

Ganjam NAC 25.79

Gopalpur NAC 14.16

Hinjilicut NAC 52.31

Kabisuryanagar NAC 38.96

Khallikote NAC 24.25

Kodala NAC 30.00

Polasara NAC 44.58

Purushottampur NAC 35.08

Rambha NAC 28.45

Surada NAC 45.00

Grand Total 1245.00

The BRGF annual action plan for the year has been prepared and passed at NAC level and GP level plans have been approved by the respective panchayat samitis.The district level plans approved by the Zilla Parishad. Then these three level plans have been consolidated and placed before the District Planning Committee in its meeting held on 02.11.2010. A separate booklet/report on BRGF has been prepared and submitted.


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CHAPTER-X

GENDER SUB PLAN

Introduction Women constitute 49.94% of the total population of the district and the sex ratio is 998 females for 1000 males. The successive annual and five-year plan periods consistently and incessantly attempted to emphasize to bring women on par with men in socio-economic and political arenas. Therefore, the objective behind the series of schemes is to empower women and their children to become self-reliant and independent. The Integrated plan envisages a position of empowered women in the district along with a high quality of life for their children.

Ensure Gender Equality:

Currently the Gender Ratio in Ganjam is 998. But this figure is affected to an extent by male out-migration. A better measure in terms of gender ratio is of the 0-6 year age group which is 928. The district should aim to increase this to 960 by 2015. Sex determination test through ultrasound and amniocentesis techniques should be prohibited.

Women Participation:

Better participation in decision making process at all level The female literacy level of the district is 47.70%. Once the education level and earning

of the women folk is developed, they can better participate in the decision making not only in their households but in the society at large. Total literacy along with some financial support can go a long way in this regard

Effective functioning of Women SHGs and income generation. To make SHGs more efficient, the members of the WSHGs should be given trainings. The capacity building of the SHGs can be achieved by exposure visit to other successful SHGs of the state as well as national NGOs

Empowerment of Women: Women Empowerment: Women empowerment is a challenging task as gender based discrimination is a deep rooted social malice practiced in India since thousands of years. Formulating laws and policies are not enough for measurable improvement as the ground situation remains unchanged. Emphasizing the malice of gender discrimination and women empowerment in India is a long battle against powerful structural forces of the society which are against women's growth and development. This can be substantially controlled by focusing on


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changing the social attitude and practices prevalent in the society. This would be initiated by working with women at the grassroots level and focusing on increasing women's access and control over resources and increasing their control over decision making. There are many programmes that are currently running to strengthen their political, social and financial condition.

Mission Shakti is a self help mission which aims at empowering women through formation and promotion of one lakh SHGs over a period of four years from 8th March 2001. The target was further revised to 2 lakh Women SHGs and the time was extended to March 2008. Mission Shakti has made efforts to train SHGs in many non-traditional crafts for women, like Masonry, Pisciculture, Phenyle making, Agarbati making as well as Bookbinding and Badi and Papad making.

Progress of DMASS in the district-

To meet the problems of rural women, Ganjam district administration conceptualized the idea of formation of Women Self Help Groups in each and every village of Ganjam district during the year 1998-99 and expanded it to the Block level through the “Mahila Sanchayika Sangha” (MASS) or (B-MASS). All the Block MASS, at district level forms the District MASS or D-MASS, which is registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. SHGs are formed in each village through a house hold survey. A group of women consisting of 10 to 20 members of a locality form the SHG on the basis of thrift & credit. The business rules, principles, terms & conditions for lending are framed & governed by the group members themselves. The group is not formally registered. The activities undertaken by the SHGs are Pisciculture, Floriculture, Banana cultivation. Mushroom cultivation, Spices making, Pottery, Candle making, Stone cutting, Khalli stitching, Agarbati making, Handloom Sarees, Bamboo product making, Kweda flower business, Broom making etc.The basic principle of Self Help Groups is of mutual help & savings. The SHGs linkage to Banks for economical requirements is essential. The Mahila Sanchayika Sangha(MASS) at village level tries to meet the economical & financial needs of the groups, while B-MASS will provide financial assistance to these SHGs through Banks. Presently there are total 17,431 number of SHGs are formed in the district, covering 2,17,661 members of which 15,808 SHGs are enrolled in MASS and total members enrolled in MASS is 1,91,977. The total savings of all the SHGs in the district is Rs 3226.67 Lakhs and the total savings of all the MASS is Rs 274.88 Lakhs. It is very difficult to get a first hand information about the SHGs, their financial status, their product items and marketing strategies. At Govt. level also it is difficult to review different activities of SHGs. There is no scope to interact among themselves. Marketing of their products becames very difficult, occurs through only physical contact or brokers leading to loss & wastage.

Process mapping of DMASS of Chatrapur Ganjam district.

The members are all DMAAS of Ganjam district formed district level federation as DMASS(22 block level federation & one urban federation) since 3rd July 2000 under the guidance of the advisering committee and managing by the governing body of 7 members elected by the block level federation members. Total numbers of groups under DMASS are 20460 from different part of Ganjam district.


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The structure of DMASS-

S. No Name of the Committee members Designation1 District collector Chairperson 2 Member Secretary Convener 3 Poject Director, DRDA Member 4 AGM, NABARD Member 5 Chairman, RGB Member

Role & Responsibility: The main role of DMASS is build the capacity of the group members of SHGs skill development like book keeping, accounting, group dynamics, repayment and vocational training for income generation activities.

10.1 Achievements of DMASS on date March 2010

Sno Particulars Achievements

1 No of WSHGs 202954(Revenue villages-3126)

2 Total saving Rs 5427.26 lakhs

3 SHGs linked with bank 16988

4 Loan provided Rs 14,981.69 lakhs

5 No of SHGs members 252176

6 Total Savings of SHGs 5427.26 lakhs

7 No of SHGs enrolled with BMASS 234324

8 Loan repayment 78%

9 No of woman centered constructed by WSHGs 66

10 Financial assistance for skill development( per 2 lakhs

11 Support for infrastructure development of RS 55,000(Per BMASS)

12 Additional amount sanction for IGP of BMASS 1.5 lakhs(Per BMASS)

Source: DSWO, Ganjam

The activities of BMASS has been monitored by DMASS in a monthly review meeting once in every month, where the monthly achievements of each and every BMASS has been submitted by the members & UC for the sanctioned amounts has been received.

ICDS: The ICDS programme is being implemented in 22 nos. of rural ICDS (Block) and one Urban ICDS (Berhampur Municipality) in 2882 Anganwadi Centers across the district. There are 2827 Angan Wadi Workers and 2871 Angan Wadi Helpers working in the district.


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Table 10. 1 ICDS Programme

No. of ICDS Projects 23

No. of AWCs 2882No. of AW Workers 2827No. of AW Helpers 2871

Source: DSWO, Ganjam

Table 10. 2 Annual plan: 2012-13 proposed outlays of ganjam district under women

component

SECTORS Eleventh Plan (2012-17)

Projected Outlay

Annual Plan 2012-13

Proposed Outlay in lakh

Of which flow to WC

In lakh

AGRICULTURE & ALLIED

ACTIVITIES

36751.75 6580.77 1974.23

RURAL DEVELOPMENT 55139.08 10998.60 3299.58

SPECIAL AREA PROGRAMMES 19215.00 3843.00 1152.90

IRRIGATION & FLOOD 117547.99 24023.51 7207.05

ENERGY 120.00 24.00 7.20

INDUSTRY AND MINERALS 19449.96 3495.24 1048.57

TRANSPORT 149044.51 31714.54 9514.36

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & 5823.94 1155.24 346.57

GENERAL ECONOMIC 13500.00 2700.00 810.00

SOCIAL SERVICES 315125.33 70615.62 21184.69

GRAND TOTAL 731717.56 155150.51 46545.15


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Table 10. 3 Gender Sub Plan Ganjam district 2012-13 (Financial in lakh)

Sl.No.

Name of the scheme

Objective of

the scheme

FINANCIAL

Budget Estimate (BE) Actual Expenditure(AE) Budget Estimate (BE)

(2011-12) (2011-12) (2012-13)

To

tal

Am

t fo

r ta

rget

ted

in

terv

enti

on

s fo

r g

irls

/wo

men

% o

f B

E

(5/4

) X

100

To

tal

Am

t fo

r ta

rget

ted

in

terv

enti

on

s fo

r g

irls

/wo

men

% o

f B

E

(8/4

) X

100

To

tal

Am

t fo

r ta

rget

ted

in

terv

enti

on

s fo

r g

irls

/wo

men

% o

f B

E

(11/

10)

X10

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

I Agriculture & Allied 5598.95 1582.82 28.27 4451.80

1258.52

28.27

6580.77

2137.43 32.48

II Rural Development

11361.38 4608.18 40.56 3402.56

1380.08

40.56

10998.60

4622.71 42.03

III Special Area Programmes 3449.09 1154.41 33.47 1090.02

364.83

33.47

3843.00

1286.25 33.47

IV Irrigation & Flood Control

23919.13 7175.74 30.00 22231.89

6669.57

30.00

24023.51

7207.05 30.00

V Energy 28.00 9.80 35.00 28.00 9.80 35.0

0 24.00 8.40 35.00

VI Industry & Minerals 3276.15 1572.55 48.00 3276.15

1572.55

48.00

3495.24

1674.57 47.91

VII Transport 24382.0

8 10920.73 44.79 24064.14 10778.33

44.79

31714.54

14223.97 44.85

VIII

Science Technology & Environment 1010.20 363.67 36.00 1017.27

366.22

36.00

1155.24 415.89 36.00

IX

General Economic Services 1793.00 609.62 34.00 1793.00

609.62

34.00

2700.00 918.00 34.00

X Social Services

94342.55 40850.33 43.30 88581.56

38355.81

43.30

70615.62

30788.41 43.60

Total 169160.

53 69406.57 41.03 149936.38 61518.9

41.03

155150.51

62246.39 40.12


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CHAPTER-XI

CONVERGENCE PROGRAMMES AND RESOURCES

14.1 Need and Benefits of Convergence of Resources: Convergence brings synergy between different government programmes and /or schemes in term of their planning, process and implementation. Convergence is understood as “Optimum use of available resources for common outcome”. There has been lot of debates as to how convergence can happen and how to grow up to a level from the so called scattered and sporadic models to widespread application over a bigger geographical area in terms of convergence among all possible flagship schemes and government departments. It is expected that in the coming years, convergence is likely to gain further momentum due to its beneficial dimensions. When demand and supply situation align to each other, it would be obvious that many departments will be interested for convergence for a higher output. This will enable them to realise significant benefits and enhance the development impact. For this to happen, however, it is essential that the policy and convergence frameworks allow different schemes to function in a collaborative manner rather than competing with each other or with a standalone approach. If policy frameworks restrict or stop convergence, that may lead to sub-optimal outcomes and reduced development impact. By minimizing the policy constraints, people can have increased access to advanced technologies, innovations and high-quality services by removing convergence barriers, if any such barrier prevails. So, an enabling policy environment for convergence is highly essential. It is commonly believed that convergence can benefit development and support to create an environment that actively promotes innovations and supportive service provision. Enabling policy environment allow service providers to evolve different strategies to render quality services at people’s doorstep with the introduction of new service types or revamping the existing ones based on the demand. Policy that promotes convergence will accelerate growth and innovation. This reduces inconsistencies and artificial barriers, cuts risks and costs, and creates a better environment for different sectors / sub-sectors to grow. Further, users of services gets benefit from increased access to available convergent based services. In order to create an enabling environment, different departments are to be involved, may be at different levels or under a common platform. Government can think of amending existing policy, if any, to address convergence and remove barriers and restrictions. A policy response to convergence will resolve some of the conflicting rules among converging departments / schemes and can create a ground for all the players to converge their strengthens and minimize their weaknesses focusing on the development of people and meeting their aspirations. Such policy prescriptions can provide a significant push during the early stages of convergence.


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Convergence seems to be the order of the day and a development requirement to expand the outreach with quality of services that have higher impact at people’s end. From people’s perspective, they can avail different services under one roof that are essential for their growth. Undoubtedly, convergence is having significant potential benefit dimension if it is structured properly and supported with policy measures. As such, a policymaker’s role is to respond to the prevailing changes and taking steps to in Ganjam, the UN team has strived hard on convergence among NREGS and Watershed projects in the district as a first step in this regard. 14.1.1 Experience of the district in piloting convergence: As the UN team had ample opportunity to interact with the ex-PD, DRDA Mr. R.Vineel Krishna, IAS, the issue of convergence came up and appreciated by the Mr. Krishna also. But the thought could really got momentum as the Ministry of PR circulated a proposal with guidelines for possible convergence among NREGS, Watershed and SGSY. The guidelines also stressed for convergence among other schemes with NREGS as the same being a demand driven scheme and the higher the demand generated, the greater amount of resources can be mobilized to the district. 14.1.2 Tangible benefits of Convergence (NREGS+Watershed): There are many benefits of this convergence model. Such as a) each individual scheme is strengthened in terms of performance, as NREGS can end up with generation of more man-days & Watershed with more resources b) NREGS being a demand driven scheme, more resources can be mobilized to the district, c) better quality structures can be ensured under watersheds which can be good asset for the community, as for example if a Water harvesting structure is well built with additional resource, the benefit of the same can be realized for a longer period by the community, d)greater cooperation among the individual scheme implementers and ultimately better service delivery, e)maximum benefit to the community. 14.1.3 Horizontal and Vertical convergence: NREGS & SGSY Convergence model: Convergence can be horizontal and vertical. In the case of first one, linking up of schemes and programs having common agenda thereby utilizing the common resource available to ensure optimum use of resources can be done. In the second instance, the end product produced by one of the scheme can be taken up by the other scheme for value addition under its agenda and the utility of the product can be multiplied. The NREGS and Watershed model can be an example of horizontal convergence while the NREGS and SGSY is an example of vertical convergence in which after digging the pond, the value addition part is done by the other scheme.


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14.1.4 Recent development (Proactiveness of the State Government): The Planning and Coordination Department, Government of Orissa has resolved in constituting District Level Steering Committee on Fostering Convergence to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) on 12th.May’2010. 1. The Government of Orissa is committed to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by enhancing and promoting convergence at the district level across large number of Government programmes through strengthening Integrated District Planning. Collaborative Implementation and Monitoring in conformity with the priorities of Eleventh Five Year Plan and directives of the Second Administrative Reforms Commission (SARC). The State Government, therefore, have adopted in principle the Government of India-United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF)-Joint Programme : Outcome 3 and have selected its five Backward Districts, namely, Ganjam, Kandhamal,Kalahandi, Mayurbhanj and Sundargarh for their sustained economic growth and social development by effective implementation of the district plans through convergence of public resources for improved delivery of social services. 2. With a view to monitoring the implementation of development programmes, the State Government have been pleased to constitute the “District Level Steering Committee on Convergence (DLSCC)” for Ganjam district under the Chairmanship of the Collector and Member-Secretary to District Planning Committee (DPC), Ganjam and concerned line departments as members to the committee. 3. The Chairperson of the “District Level Steering Committee on Convergence” is competent to invite any person/officer/organization/institution including experts to attend the meeting of the committee as special invitees, if need be. 4. Among others, the main functions of the District Level Steering Committee on Convergence for implementation of the Joint Programme are given below to : (i) To lead and guide Convergence initiatives in the district and formulate and implement

district plans in conformity with the Planning Commission and BRGF guidelines.

(ii) To finalise district specific Annual Work Plans for the Joint Convergence Programme in consultation with the UN agencies contributing to the Programme and the State Government to set out time lines and enable tracking of progress and make any course correction required for achieving the results of the Joint Programme in the district.

(iii) To facilitate interaction and consultation with concerned heads of District Level Officers and collect data, reports, other information pertaining to Districts on various schemes under Central, State and District Sectors.

(iv) To prepare district resource envelope including untied funds and other sources.

(v) To review progress of the Joint Convergence Programme periodically and remove bottlenecks and hurdles, if any.


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(vi) To convene meetings of concerned District Level Officers and other stakeholders to expedite the progress of Joint Convergence Programme.

(vii) To sensitize and facilitate dialogue with the concerned D.L.O., P.R.I. and U.L.B. and other stakeholders on district planning and convergence.

(viii) To assure timely delivery of programme outputs (situation analysis, needs assessment, district vision, consolidated district plan and documentation of implementation) for the district.

(ix) To monitor implementation and documentation of convergence at the district level and regularly report physical and financial progress and the achievement of programme outcomes.

5. The District Planning Office is the Nodal Office and the Collector of the District as the District Project Director for the purpose of the Joint Programme on convergence. The funds under India-UNDAF Outcome, if any, to be released by the UN Agencies and Government of India, shall be maintained in a separate account of District Planning Office for functioning of the Joint Programme and release of amount to the desired quarters as per instructions of Planning & Co-ordination Department from time to time. The Collector and Chairperson of the District Level Steering Committee shall be responsible for all financial and administrative functions of the Joint Programme with the directives of the Planning & Co-ordination Department. 6. The India-UNDAF Outcome Joint Programme functions shall be discharged by the District Planning Office in the district under the administrative control of Planning & Co-ordination Department, which will also function as Joint Programme Monitoring Cell for the purpose of this pilot project. The Joint Programme Monitoring Cell in the District Planning Office shall be headed by the Deputy Director, Planning/District Planning Officer under the overall supervision and guidance of the District Collector who is also the Chairperson of the “District Level Steering Committee on Convergence”. The Cell will be well equipped with required H.R., equipment, sundry expenses and logistics as per the proposal agreed upon by the UN agencies and the State Government. 7. The District Level Steering Committee has been entrusted with the overall responsibilities for overseeing the implementation of the India-UNDAF Outcome Joint Programme and shall devise its own rules of business as per specific need of the district.

Table 14.1 Types of Schemes(National, State, National-State) for the year 2011-12 Sl No Schemes under different Sectors National-

State National State

I AGRICULTURE & ALLIED ACTIVITIES

Crop Husbandry 1.Work Plan (Rice, Ragi,Sugarcane Development) √ 2. ISOPOM (Pulses,Oilseeds, Maize) √


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3. ICDP (Cotton) √ 4.Extension & Training for VAW/Rural Women √ 5. Development & strengthening of infrastructure facility for production and distribution of quality seeds √ 6. Support to State Extension Programme for Extension Reforms (ATMA) √ 7.NFSM √ 8.Work Plan (Farm Mechanisation) √ 9.KSK √ Horticulture

1.Horticulture Work Plan √ 2.Coconut Development Board √ 3.ISOPOM(Oilpalm) √ 4.Micro Irrigation √ 5.NHM Soil Conservation 1. Macro Management Mode of √ 2. Watershed Development under IWDP √ Fisheries 1. Development of water logged area through √ 2. Integrated Development of Inland Captured √ 3.Development of Brakish Water Aquacuture √ 4.Assistance for Mechanisation Programme √ 5.Safety of Marine Fishermen at sea √ 6. Establishment of Fishing Harbour √

II RURAL DEVELOPMENT Special Programme for Rural Development

1. DRDA Administration √ Rural Employment Programme

1. SGSY √ 2. NREGS √

III ENERGY

1. RGGVY √ IV IRRIGATION & FLOOD CONTROL

Minor Irrigation Flow Repair, Restoration & Renovation of Water √

V SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND Forestry & Wildlife

Intensification of forest management √ Integrated Forest Protection √ Elephant Management Project √

CAMPA Fund √ VI INDUSTRY


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Handicraft & Cottage Industry

1.Development of Salt Industries √ Handloom & Sericulture 1. Integrated Handloom Development Scheme √ 2. Integrated Handloom Development Scheme √ 3. Integrated Handloom Development Scheme √ 4. Health Insurance Scheme √

VII GENERAL ECONOMIC SERVICES 1.EARAS √ 2.Crop Estimation Survey on Fruits, √ 3.MPLAD √

VIII SOCIAL SERVICES General Education

1.Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA) √2.National Programme of Education for Girls at √

3.Kasturba Gandhi Valika Bidyalaya (KGVB) √

Medical and Public Health

1. NRHM √

2. National Fileria Control Programme (NFCP) √3. National Malaria Eradication Programme √

4..RCH –II √ 5.Revised Nationa Tuber Culosis Control √

6.Immunisation √

7.IPPI √

8.IDSP √

9.GFATM √

10.NPCB √

11.NLEP √ Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Rural Water Supply 1.National Rural Drinking Water Programme- √2.National Rural Drinking Water Programme- √

Rural Sanitation √

Total Sanitary Campaign - Rural sanitation √

Housing

1. Indira Awas Yojana √ Developmentof SCs, STs & OBCs

Incentives to couples for inter caste marriage √ Child Welfare

1. ICDS Scheme (Project) √ Nutrition

1. Supplementary Nutrition Programme √ 2. Mid Day Meal Programme √


126

IX URBAN COMPONENT General Education 1.Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA) √ 2.National Programme of Education for Girls at √ Health

1.NRHM √ 2.RCH √

Housing & Urban Development

IHSDP √

SJSRY √

UIDSSMT √

Table 14.2Sector Schemes & Convergence benefits:

Sector-wise schemes and Expected Convergence Benefits

Sector & key schemes Broad goals Reasons for Convergence

Public health & family welfare National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) Reproductive and Child Health (RCH)

1. Assured, effective and affordable basic healthcare for all

2. Adequate protection against transmitted diseases and epidemics

3. Access to safe and sure means of family planning

4. Adequate care during pregnancy

5. Access to institutional deliveries

6. Assured full coverage of immunisation

7. Protection against infant/child mortality

1. Maternal mortality rate reduction

2. Infant mortality rate reduction

3. Child mortality rate reduction

4. Anaemia reduction in women

5. Anaemia reduction in children under six

6. Disease prevalence: Malaria, Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS

7. Reduction of gastroenteritis, diarrhoea and other waterborne diseases

Food & nutrition security Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Mid-Day Meal (MDM) Annapurna Public Distribution System (PDS)

1. Assured access to adequate food

2. Assured adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood

1. Targeted PDS coverage 2. Malnourished children (0-

6): normal to Grade IV 3. Supplementary nutrition

coverage

Education Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) Ashram Schools Kanyashram Schools

1. Assured enrolment in school

2. Assured retention in school for minimum desired years of schooling

1. Enrolment in Class I-IV 2. Education quality

assessment 3. Sex-wise literacy 4. Less dropouts in


127



Navodaya Schools

3. Acquisition of basic literacy and minimum educational competencies.

4. Access to opportunities of continued/life-long education

education 5. Improvement in pass

percentages 6. Free coaching 7. Scholarship to ST/SC

students 8. Residential

education/schooling Natural resource management and water security Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme (AIBP)

1. Access to adequate and safe drinking water

2. Adequate water supply for sanitary, household and irrigation purposes

1. Potable quality of drinking water

2. Assured access to clean water for domestic use (litres of water per person and domestic animals per day as per national or state norm)

Sanitation Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) JNNURM

1. Assured and convenient access to clean toilets

2. Assured and adequate water supply for a hygienic way of life

3. Adequate environmental sanitation

1. Coverage of habitations with public toilets

2. Coverage of households with attached toilets

Roads Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) JNNURM

1. Adequate and all-season access to physical connectivity

1. Availability of roads 2. All-season dependability

on roads

Energy Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) Biju Gram Jyoti Yojana Renewable Energy [Through OREDA]

1. Adequate and assured energy resources for household, economic and public activities

1. Electricity connection to each household

2. Consumption in kwh/person (electricity)

Housing Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) JNNURM

1. Assured, adequate, affordable and all-season housing to every family

2. Adequate housing for urban poor including slum areas

1. Families with pucca houses

2. Dwellers in kachcha houses

3. Homeless persons 4. Houses at affordable cost

for slum dwellers/urban poor/EWS/LIG category

Livelihoods

1. Sustained and equitable access to natural

1. Families assisted under agriculture, horticulture,


128



Swarnajayanti Grameen Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) Centrally-sponsored agriculture-based schemes

resources 2. Adequate access to, and

returns from farm livelihoods

3. Adequate access to non-farm livelihoods including credit capital, technical support and market linkages

4. Assured and adequate employment – both skilled and non-skilled with assured minimum wages

5. Adequate access to organised sector employment

AH, fisheries and allied schemes

2. Active SHGs 3. SGSY assistance 4. MGNREGA:

a. Registered b. Given job cards c. No. of man-days

provided on average to persons issued job cards

5. Enrolment in employment exchange

Source of Reference: District Planning Handbook / Manual, Planning Commission, Govt. of India

14.2 Sector wise convergence plan: Convergence of schemes:-

Table 14.3 Scheme wise Projected Allocation of Outlays under District Plan:2012-13

Schemes Budget in lakh Rs.

RKVY 1425.37

NREGS 10865.80

BRGF 3818.00

IAY 3293.30SSA 17253.06

NRHM 4216.05

TSC 6134.93

MPLAD 1400.00

MLALAD 1300.00

14.3 Intersectoral convergence:

14.3.1 Inter sectoral strategy for creation of durable and productive assets: From mere wage employment to sustainable rural livelihoods From unskilled to skilled labour through knowledge & technology input, training &

capacity building in productivity increases, water-use efficiency, backward–forward linkages


129

Significant productivity increases could be stimulated by NREGA on holdings of small and marginal farmers in rainfed areas

14.3.2 Parameter for Convergence:

A process that brings together on-going schemes Guidelines are a broad facilitating framework Parameters of NREG Act and Guidelines as well as the guidelines of the other

development Schemes with which convergence is attempted are not altered. Convergence is expected to create value addition through resource and activity

synergies as well as infusion of technology input and professional quality in planning and implementation

Joint monitoring of Convergence Convergence at planning, management and works level

Table 14.4 Showing intersectoral plan of convergence

SN Department Functions Expected Contribution [Indicative]

Schemes

1 Agriculture [ATMA,KVK, ICAR, OUAT]

1. To identify location specific needs of farming community for farming system based Agricultural development.

2. To set up priorities for sustainable agricultural development with farming systems approach.

3. To draw plans for production based system activities to be undertaken by farmers/ultimate users.

4. To execute plans through line departments, training institutions, NGOs, farmers organizations and allied institutions.

1. Technical knowhow 2. Agriculture

convergence planning

3. Capacity building of farmers

4. Service & resource dovetailing

5. Agriculture performance monitoring.

6. Promote farm mechanisation.

7. Support input subsidy.

8. Promote seed replacement.

9. Agriculture Infrastructure supports.

10. Agriculture marketing support

11. Agro-enterprise promotion support

1. Rashtriya Krisi Vikas Yojana [RKVY].

2. National Food Security Mission [NFSM].

3. Watershed Development

4. Rain-fed Area Development.

2 Horticulture 1. Horticulture promotion through horticultural area expansion.

2. Promotion of fruit crops,

1. Technical knowhow 2. Horticulture plan 3. Capacity building of

farmers

1. National Horticulture Mission [NHM]


130


Schemes

vegetables, spices, floriculture etc.

3. Dissemination of technology

4. Services & resources 5. Monitoring. 6. Support input

subsidy. 7. Agro-enterprise

promotion

2. National Horticulture Board

3 Animal Husbandry

1. To augment milk production

2. Fodder development 3. Infrastructural support

4. Technical support 5. Vaccination/de-

worming 6. Infrastructural

support 7. Capacity building 8. Enterprise

development 9. Fodder farming 10. Market facilitation

1. Fodder development – seed distribution.

2. Training to unemployed educated youths

3. Strengthening milk production infrastructure

4 Fishery 1. Fishery development 2. Welfare of the

fishermen 3. Infrastructure support 4. Market promotion

1. Inland fishery promotion

2. Credit to fishery cooperatives

3. Training / awareness 4. Water log area

development 5. Insurance for marine

fishermen

1. Construction of fish lending centres

2. Credit to fisher cooperatives

3. Market promotion through buyer-seller meet

4. Training / awareness

5. Inland fish promotion

6. Brackish water fish promotion

7. Fisheries extension

8. Development of post harvest infrastructure

9. Cluster development in brackish water culture

5 Irrigation & Flood Control

1. Increase irrigation coverage

2. Water management 3. Drainage & flood

control

1. Repairing lift irrigation points

2. Improvement of tanks

3. Fish farming in renovated tanks

4. Promotion of WUA /

1. Biju Krushaka Vikas Yojana

2. Orissa Community Tank Management Project

3. Orissa Integrated


131


Schemes

PP 5. Command area

development

Irrigated Agriculture & Water Management Project

4. Command Area Development Programme.

6 Forest and Environment

1. Improving forest coverage

2. Promoting livelihood of forest dwellers

1. Self-employment training on grafting & gardening

2. Infrastructure for forest resource based crafts.

3. Decentralised nursery raising through SHGs

1. Orissa Forestry Sector Development Project [OFSDP]

2. Grafters / Gardeners training

3. Bamboo sector infrastructure development

4. Nursery raising as enterprise

7 Education 1. Development of education with special focus on girl child education

2. Promotion of educational infrastructure

1. Pre and post 10th scholarship

2. Girl child enrolment and education

3. Vocational trainings

1. SSA 2. DPEP

8 Health & Family Welfare

1. Improve health status of the people

2. Rendering quality health services

3. Strengthening health infrastructure

4. Health status improvement in tribal areas

1. Training / awareness 2. Medicines free of

cost 3. Health infrastructure 4. TB and malaria

eradication 5. Family planning

measures

1. National Rural Health Mission

2. National malaria eradication programme

3. National Filaria control programme

4. National Tuberculosis control programme

5. National Goitre control programme

9 Social Welfare [Women & Child

1. Empowerment of women and children and their improved quality of living.

1. Training & rehabilitation of physically challenged

2. Training of women

1. National Old Age Pension

2. National Family Benefit Scheme


132


Schemes

Development] 2. Social security coverage to aged, disabled and other sections

3. SHG promotion 4. Capital fund support

to SHGs 5. Girl child education 6. Food grain support-

Annapurna 7. Monthly pension 8. ICDS for women &

child health & nutrition

3. National Maternity Benefit Scheme

4. Madhu Babu Pension Yojana

5. ICDS 6. Supplementary

Nutrition Programme

7. Mid Day Meal Programme

8. Nutrition for Adolescent Girls

10 ST/SC Welfare

1. Social and economic mainstreaming

2. Promotion of education including girl child education

3. Legal & social security of SC/ST

1. Pre and post 10th scholarship

2. IEC on tribal welfare programmes

3. Educational training / coaching

4. Financial support 5. Legal advisory &

support 6. Vocational training 7. Infrastructure for

ST/SC students

1. Pre matric & post matric scholarship

2. Supply of reading materials

3. Legal aid to atrocity victims

4. Coaching for civil services

11 Industries & Minerals

1. Promotion of MSMEs 2. Promotion of enterprise

clusters

1. Financial assistance for product promotion

2. Market support 3. Development of

product clusters 4. Financial assistance

for technical know how

1. Financial assistance for road shows

2. MSE cluster development programme

3. Facilitating bank linkage for MSEs

12 Rural water supply & sanitation

1. Providing safe drinking water to the rural people

2. Operation and maintenance of water supply system

3. Ensuring quality of services

1. Operation & maintenance of tube wells

2. Pipe water supply to the villages

3. Awareness on sanitation

1. Accelerated rural water supply programme

2. Rural pipe water supply

3. Rural sanitation programme

13 Science & Technology

1. Popularisation, improved application and governance strengthening through

1. Weather information to farmers

2. Market information to farmers

1. Smart Panchayat 2. National e-

Governance project [CSC]


133


Schemes

science and technology 3. Vocational training of youths

4. Promotion of self employment

14.4 Possible Convergence of different Missions:

Table 14.5 Showing Possible Convergence of different Missions:

Sl No

Missions Areas of Convergence

1 National Horticulture Mission

-Training farmers through farmers -Rejuvenation programme for old/senile plantations, organic farming, creation of water sources, post harvest management, marketing, creation of new gardens, women farmer and SHG members. -A mix of either and/or cooperatives (NDDB pattern), incorporated companies, individual entrepreneurs, State Government undertakings, or any of the recognised agencies are involved for ensuring proper delivery.

2 National Rural Health Mission

-Awareness programme in village sanitation, safe drinking water, AIDS campaign and other health related issues at Panchayat/Block level. -construction of household toilets, and other healthcare delivery programmes.

3 Mission Shakti

-Financial Assistance to WSHGs -Capacity building of SHGs more particularly in the field of Skill up gradation. - Ensuring convergence of the efforts of the various Departments at the field level for providing necessary technical inputs in areas like horticulture, floriculture, mushroom cultivation, extraction of minor forest produce, handicrafts, dairy, poultry and pisciculture etc. -Establishing appropriate market linkages by involving other organizations like the OFDC,ORMAS, TDCC etc.

4 National Food

Security Mission NFSM

a. Villages where irrigation potential has increased as a result of construction of dug wells on the fields of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes SHGs, farmers are being linked with the Seed Village Programme in the project areas. b. Self Help Groups formed under SGSY are being associated for demonstration programme and farmer field school programme under NFSM


134

14.5 Gap Filling due to convergence:

14.5.1 Gap Filling through NREGA

i. Areas treated under Watershed Development programme but not saturated because of insufficient cost norms.

ii. Difficult areas, being treated under the watershed Development programme, where the revised cost norms is also not sufficient to saturate the area.

iii. New areas; neither yet treated nor planned under watershed programme and where works are to be planned on watershed approach under NREGA.

14.6 Working MNREGS Models For Ganjam: Working Convergence Models- Ganjam SectorsModel –I *Community Tank under NREGS. *Fishery through SHG

Horticulture & plantation Irrigation &Water Conservation

Model-II Watershed Development under NREGS Fishery through the SHGs

Irrigation Social Forestry Plantation & Social Forestry Irrigation & Water Conservation Soil & Water Conservation Animal husbandry

Model-III

Rural Connectivity under NREGS Plantation Water Conservation Converting into Pucca Road through

PMGSY

14.7 Major activities and Department Involved in Ganjam:

Sl No

Major Activities

Departments involved

1 Tank-Pisciculture- Plantation-Irrigation Fisheries, Irrigation, Horticulture, KVK2 Tank-Irrigation-Plantation-Rural connectivity Horticulture, Irrigation, Fishery,

Agriculture-KVK 3 Tank-Plantation-

Piscicultur-/Horticulture Fisheries, Horticulture, Irrigation, Agriculture-KVK

4 Tank-Plantation Fisheries, Horticulture, Agriculture-KVK5 Tank-Poultry farm-Rural connectivity-

Plantation Fisheries, Horticulture, Agriculture-KVK

6 Rural connectivity-Tank-Watershed Development- Forestry-Plantation

Horticulture, PMGSY, Fisheries, Forest, Water Resources, Agriculture-KVK,

7 Rural Connectivity- Tank-Plantation-Watershed Development-Horticulture-Forestry

Horticulture, PMGSY, Fisheries, Forest, Water Resources, Agriculture-KVK


135

14.5.4 Identification of critical gaps and bridge up with BRGF:

Existing schemes/ programmes sponsored by central and state government; and being implemented in rural and urban areas hardly cater to the critical needs and priorities of the people. Absence of untied funds with the rural and urban local bodies makes no difference in the situation of the people. Introduction and implementation of BRGF in backward areas of the state have helped to identify the critical gaps and bridge up the same with adequate resources. This Fund is untied in nature and being used for the most resource crunch sectors, as specified in the guidelines, and addressing critical needs of the Existing schemes/ programmes sponsored by central and state government; and being implemented in rural and urban areas hardly cater to the critical needs and priorities of the people. Absence of untied funds with the rural and urban local bodies makes no difference in the situation of the people. Introduction and implementation of BRGF in backward areas of the state have helped to identify the critical gaps and bridge up the same with adequate resources. This Fund is untied in nature and being used for the most resource crunch sectors, as specified in the guidelines, and addressing critical needs of the people.

The Annual BRGF Plan 2011-12 mostly focuses on connectivity, education, infrastructure development, drinking water, women and child development, electrification, sanitation, etc. in rural and urban areas. Sector-wise key activities proposed in the plan are given in the table as under.

Table 14.8 Sector-wise key activities proposed

Sector Rural Urban

Connectivity Construction of CC road

Construction of culvert

Community Development Road

CD work/ masonry guard wall

Construction/improvement of road and drain

Education Construction of school boundary

Construction of school building/ additional classroom

Improvement of primary schools

Construction/ improvement of school building

Additional classroom in primary school

Infrastructure Development

Construction of (new and additional) GP building

Construction of GP boundary wall

Women & Child Development

Construction of AWC building Construction of AWC building

Drinking Water Installation of tube-wells

Piped-water supply

Sinking of production well

Extension of PHD pipe-line


136

Sinking of dug-well

Sanitation Construction of village drain Construction/ improvement of drain

Construction of community latrine

Sports Improvement of playground

Electrification Electrification with Designed octagonal G.I. Pole with two way bracket

Electrification of main road

Community Development

Bathing ghat

Rest shed

Guard wall

Improvement of park

Community park

Development of parking area

Improvement of Bus stand

Animal Resource Development

Construction of LI Centers

Health Renovation of LHV Centre

Construction of Health Sub-centre

Toilet in PHC Campus

Training Infrastructure Development

Construction of women artisan centre

Basing on the local requirement, majority of the allotment is made towards sectors like Social Services, Rural Development, Transport and Irrigation & Flood Control which have been given high priority for the district. The requirement based on the proposals received from different levels which can be met from different flagship programmes. The total gap of resources for the year 2012-13 can be adjusted and narrowed down from programmes like BRGF, NREGS,RGGBY, BGJY, PMGSY and other Flagship programmes. With the availability of additional resources the gap pipeline would be converged.


CHAPTER-XII

PLAN PERFORMANCE FOR THE PREVIOUS YEARS

Ganjam district has been striving to quicken the pace of development, reduce poverty and deal effectively with regional, social and gender disparities. During the 11th Five Year Plan, the district has shown significant and balanced growth. Fund flow (allocation and utilization) to different sectors in tenth plan period is summarized below:

Financial performance of different sectors every year during Eleventh Plan period 2007-12

Slno

Name of the scheme

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Proposed Outla

y

Fund made available

Expenditu

re

Proposed

Outlay

Fund made availa

ble

Expenditure

Proposed Outla

y

Fund made

available

Expenditur

e

Proposed

Outlay

Fund made availa

ble

Expenditure

Proposed

Outlay

Fund made availa

ble

Expenditure

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Crop Husbandry

1 Work Plan S h (E t

15.58 15.58 15.58 34.11 34.11 34.11 38.95 38.95 38.95 30.55 39.89 39.89 33.60 69.75 69.75

2 State Plan 7.01 7.01 37.20 37.20 37.20 130.00 125.98

125.98

3 ISOPOM 24.31 32.72 24.32 27.12 37.82 37.82 40.83 12.34 12.32 14.57 72.56 57.67 16.03 93.04 93.04

4 ICDP (Cotton) 28.66 30.44 28.06 29.67 229.67

29.67 29.67 20.77 20.77 44.64 9.35 9.35 49.10 12.27 12.27

5 Jalanidhi 172.96

172.96

19.36 129.80 129.80

56.60 65.09 65.09 65.09 632.60 87.40 87.40 695.86 98.70 98.70

6 Extension & training for VAW /Rural Women

0.35 0.35 0.35 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.91 0.91 0.91 1.20 1.20 1.20

7 RKVY 300.00

269.75

449.92

210.00 89.97 72.72 240.00

264.35 275.86

899.25 218.57 650.72 989.18 907.33

907.33

8 NFSM 486.00

486.00

486.00

578.80 578.80

578.80 668.00

411.21 379.79

126.06 207.11 207.11 138.67 146.05

146.05

9 ATMA 87.06 87.06 83.26 85.00 70.30 63.99 97.00 79.30 67.31 74.50 85.69 85.69 81.95 16.80

137


10 Seed 185.36

185.36

185.36

503.99 503.99

503.99 575.00

644.11 644.11

535.44 962.75 962.75 588.98 488.19

488.19

11 Farm M h i ti

65.40 65.40 32.20 85.70 504.48

504.48 98.56 126.00 998.56

617.69 618.00 618.00 679.46 699.00

699.00

12 KSK 457.20 127.00 127.00 502.92 314.00

314.40

Total 1365.67

1345.62

1324.41

1684.91

1979.66

1882.89

1853.92

1669.95

1610.58

3470.60

2466.43

2466.43

3906.94

2955.49

2972.69

Soil Conservation

1 N.W.D.P.R.A 11th Plan

9.00 6.74 6.74 35.86 8.80 8.80 59.00 16.90 16.90 12.19 12.19 12.19 3.89 3.89 2.33

2 NREGS 74.85 5.00 3.23 706.17 111.02

103.16 330.10

158.86 125.41

228.45 228.45 223.45 162.00 156.60

82.56

3 IWDP-III 37.82 37.82 37.82 96.25 96.25 18.00 78.25 78.25 7.52 70.73 70.73 18.12

4 R.K.V.Y 28.76 15.45 5.00 28.76 23.76 18.00 8.26 8.26 5.20 7.56 7.56 5.56

5 IWDP-III 25.14 25.14 12.17 7.23 7.23 7.23 40.94 40.94

6 T.D.A 3.58 3.58 1.35 5.54 5.54 4.61

Total 83.85 11.74 9.97 808.61 173.09

154.78 542.83

324.49 191.83

339.92 339.92 260.20 285.12 279.72

108.57

Animal Husbandry

1 2403-A.H. 101- Vety. Services

15.24 15.24 15.24 76.90 2.60 2.60

2 2403-A.H. 107-Fodder and Feed Development

0.71 0.71 0.71 1.30 1.30 1.30 2.10 0.45 0.45

3 2403-A.H. 800-Other

10.33 10.33 9.27 1.91 1.91 1.78 8.01 89.01 8.01 0.12 0.12 0.12 27.06 15.01 15.01

Total 10.33 10.33 9.27 1.91 1.91 1.78 8.72 89.72 8.72 16.66 16.66 16.66 106.06 18.06 18.06

Fishery

1 Development of Fresh water Aquaculture under FFDA (SP)

27.16 23.97 16.05 46.50 42.51 35.20 78.64 76.23 32.12 94.08 70.13 35.70 94.08 32.87 5.26

2 Development of Waterlogged area through FFDA

-1.94 7.52 20.42 8.00 20.42 2.00 20.42 10.15 2.00 10.27 3.02

138


3 Integrated Development of Inland Capture R

1.20 2.61 1.18 7.79 8.57 0.99 5.90 6.47 2.34 4.00 10.63 0.49 4.00 4.14

4 Development of Brackish Water

20868.00

20.87 4.00 108.00 8.50 8.50 33.00

5 Contribution towards NFDB Assistance

11.83 0.74 26.09

Total 28.36 45.51 38.10 61.81 71.50 36.19 96.54 103.12 34.46 208.08 121.50 55.58 133.08 73.36 8.28

6 Training/ Exhibition/ Awarness Camp/ Buyers sellers meet

1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.75 0.75 1.00 0.50

Total 56.72 20939 16

77.20 123.62 143.50 72.88 193.58 206.74 69.42 416.66 243.75 111.91 267.16 147.23 16.56

Special Area Programme

1 CCD 44.33 44.33 50.91 50.91 65.22 65.22 73.81 73.81 71.81 12.00

2 SCA to TSP 10.54 10.54 10.54 10.54 10.54 10.54 11.46 11.46 13.19 9.89 8.67

3 Incentive Grant 2.11 2.11

4 Art 275 (1) 25.00 25.00 40.00 40.00 5.43 5.43 5.93 2.22

5 MEC 39.39 39.39 39.30 39.30 30.00 30.00 30.00 12.37

Total 54.87 54.87 0.00 125.84 125.84 0.00 155.06 155.06 0.00 122.81 122.81 115.00 15.82 35.26

Minor Irrigation Division-I

1 RIDF 56.65 56.65 56.65 99.99 99.99 99.99 205.34 205.34

205.34

43.16 43.16 43.16 75.00 75.00 13.87

2 R.R &R. 722.45 722.45 722.45 5939.05 5939.05 846.363 Critical MIP

d B ildi224.00 224.00 224.0

0224.00 224.00 224.00 291.50 291.5

0291.5

0459.51 459.51 459.51 616.00 616.00 61.00

4 13th F.C.A. 40.00 40.00

5 Check Dam 2.18 2.18 2.18 122.76 98.56 32.73

Total 280.65 280.65 280.65 323.99 323.99 323.99 496.84 496.84 496.84 1227.30 1227.30 1227.30 6792.81 6768.61 953.96

Irrigation Division Berhampur

Plan Scheme - M j & M di

1 RBO 25.00 25.00 25.02 9.12 9.12 9.18 3.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 10.00

2 RIDF-XIII, GMP 100.00 100.00 96.59 100.00 86.69 77.80 100.00 100.00 99.33 500.00 500.00 6.90

139


3 RIDF-XVI, G bi d I

50.00 500.00 500.00 6.44

4 Check Dam 71.14 71.14 16.40 54.74 54.74 3.00

5 R,R & R of T k

327.00 50.00 50.00

6 E.R.M 20.00 20.00 20.00 100.00

7 Upkeep 20.00 20.00

TOTAL (A)= 25.00 25.00 25.02 109.12 109.12 105.77 103.00 89.69 80.80 246.14 191.14 135.73 1511.74 1124.74 66.34

8 Flood Control

9 SP 52.60 52.60 52.60 144.00 144.00

144.00 169.00 169.00 169.00 150.00 150.00 30.00

10 RIDF-XIV, & XVI 373.50 373.50

373.50 299.00 299.00 299.00 379.00 379.00 35.00

TOTAL (B)= 52.60 52.60 52.60 5517.50

517.50

517.50 468.00 468.00 468.00 529.00 529.00 65.00

11 GRAND TOTAL (A B)

Lift Irrigation Berhampur

1 BKVY 69.88 69.88 649.22 649.22 116.13 47.33 749.83 92.80 92.80

2625.00 1000.00

Bhanjanagar Irrigation Division

Plan Scheme - M j & M di

1 RIDF-(CR) 363.44

363.44

363.98

686.50

686.50 685.50 733.19 733.19 723.04 552.04 552.04 541.72 220.00 220.00

90.05

2 Check Dam 31.77 31.77 31.76

3 E.R.M 20.00 20.00 20.01 150.00 150.00

7.58

4 Development of Bij P tt ik

98.00 98.00 98.43 20.00 20.00 20.00 60.00

5 Upkeep 18.01 18.01 18.15 51.14 51.14 57.16

TOTAL (A)= 381.45

381.45

382.13

737.64

737.64 742.66 831.19 831.19 821.05 623.81 623.81 613.49 430.00 370.00

97.63

6 RIDF-XIV & XV (RE)

196.55

196.55 198.26 831.03 831.03 833.38 771.63 771.63 771.59 560.00 560.00

149.997 Flood

M t 625.0

0625.00 626.01 563.97 563.97 565.64 478.41 478.41 478.40

8 Flood Control 103.89

103.89 105.75 107.34 107.34 102.85 467.04 467.04 466.96 250.00 250.00

100.01 TOTAL (B)= 925.44 925.44 930.02 1502.34 1502.34 1501.90 1717.08 1717.08 1716.95 810.00 810.00 250.00

Minor Irrigation Division - II Berhampur

1 RIDF 550.00

539.65

521.33

560.00

552.14 567.73 1150.00

1125.15 1126.16

780.00 778.00 614.20 800.00 304.00 72.17

2 R.R & R 157.75

157.75

32.00 31.30 20.35 1150.00

1103.77

451.67 2200.00

2149.00

1448.193 12TH F.C.A. 16.50 16.50 35.00 32.99 32.98

4 CHECK DAM 129.41 129.41 86.97 793.00 60.00 60.00

5 MGNREGS 20.00 20.00 20.00 80.45 15.15 10.15 65.35

140


TOTAL 550.00

713.90 695.58

627.00 616.43 621.06 1170.00 1145.15 1146.16 2139.86 2026.33 1162.99 3858.35 2513.00 1580.36

Command Area Development (Agriculture), Berhampur

1 AIBP

i Field channel 351.00

72.00 77.55 352.08

281.51 229.25 310.51

547.17 341.47 256.50 288.50 430.83 378.00 147.85 340.20

ii Fileld drain 24.00

20.00 4.00 1.98 10.60 10.31 28.00 12.00 40.00 40.74 40.00

iii Farmer's T i i

1.60 1.51 1.62 3.78 3.78 3.78 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.62 1.62 162.00 2.78 2.78

iv Crop D t ti

2.00 2.00 2.00 15.00 12.00 12.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 11.10 11.10 11.10 15.00 15.00

2 RKVY

i Field channel 102.33 50.00 49.57 202.50 202.50 202.50

ii Fileld drain 12.00 12.00 12.00

iii Farmer's T i i

0.43 0.43 0.43 1.08 1.08 1.08

iv Crop D t ti

10.00 10.00 10.00

Divisional Forest Officer, Ghumsur South Division, Bhanjanagar

1 MGNREGS 8.00 8.00 4.22 9.00 9.00 6.00 20.00 20.00 9.93 65.00 65.00 41.98 177.53 177.53 177.53

2 NAP (FDA) 56.00

56.00 56.00 140.00

121.77 121.77 175.98

175.98 175.98 98.90 98.90 98.90 20.32 20.32 20.32

3 NBM (OBDA) 20.01

20.01 20.01 14.88 14.88 14.88 23.09 23.09 23.09 4.48 4.48 4.48 28.85 28.85 28.85

4 CAMPA 108.15

108.15 108.15 273.17 273.17 273.17 292.17 292.17 292.17

5 Non-Plan 41.50

41.50 41.50 43.72 43.72 43.72 32.66 32.66 32.66 23.66 23.66 23.66 25.63 25.63 25.53

6 State Plan 100.85

100.85

100.85

89.59 89.59 89.59 87.51 87.51 87.51 109.04 109.04 109.04 147.35 147.35 147.35

7 CS Plan 4.15 4.15 4.15 5.71 5.71 5.71 2.50 2.50 2.50 23.25 23.25 23.25

8 C Plan 0.07 0.07 0.07

9 4406-COL-SP 37.26

37.26 37.26 44.85 44.85 44.85 59.00 59.00 59.00 45.32 45.32 45.32 74.42 74.42 74.42

District Welfare Officer, Ganjam, Chatrapur

1 Pre. MS to SC St d t

86.00

85.79 82.85 90.31 90.31 87.21 95.06 95.06 91.80 100.07 100.07 96.64 106.30

10.49 5.18

2 Pre. MS to ST St d t

175.95

175.95

173.78

185.21

185.21 182.93 1.14 194.96 192.55 205.22 205.22 202.69 222.96

106.13 68.31

3 Pre. MS to OBC/SEBC

30.76

30.76 30.76 32.38 32.38 32.38 194.96

34.08 34.08 35.88 35.88 35.88 39.47

4 Pre. MS to Mi it

0.55 0.55 0.55 0.58 0.58 0.58 34.08 0.61 0.61 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.71

5 Post Matric to SC St d t

206.52

206.52

146.25

217.39

217.39 153.94 0.61 228.83 162.05 240.88 240.88 170.57 187.63

6 Post Matric to ST St d t

7.72 7.72 7.70 8.12 8.12 8.10 228.83

8.55 8.53 9.00 9.00 8.98 9.88 6.00

7 Post MS to OBC/SEBC

8.55 0.80 0.00

8 Post MS to Mi it

0.19 0.19 0.19 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00

141


9 Atrocity 21.22

21.22 9.39 22.34 22.34 9.89 0.02 23.51 10.41 24.75 24.75 10.96 12.05 13.79 2.00

10 Incentive to I t C t

4.29 4.29 4.29 4.51 4.51 4.51 23.51 4.75 4.75 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.50 1.50

11 Bankable IGS (SC)

212.01

212.01

212.01

223.17

223.17 223.17 4.75 234.92 234.92 247.28 247.28 247.28 272.01

12 Bankable IGS (ST)

38.32

38.32 38.32 40.34 40.34 40.34 234.92

42.47 42.47 44.70 44.70 44.70 49.17

13 Skill U d ti

2.37 2.37 2.37 2.49 2.49 2.49 42.47 2.63 2.63 2.76 2.76 2.76 3.04

14 Skill U d ti

1.08 1.08 1.08 1.14 1.14 1.14 2.63 1.20 1.20 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.38

TOTAL 1.20

Rural Works Division - I, Berhampur

1 NABARD (RIDF)

340.35 340.35 475.25 475.25 620.00 620.00 927.50 927.50 1317.00 338.68

2 CWA 55.00 55.00 112.00 112.00 102.50 102.50 105.00 105.00 80.00

3 28-5054-SP-C l ti f

98.60 98.60 91.00 91.00 235.00 235.00 186.50 186.50 166.00 10.43

4 28-5054-SP-Const. Of brides on Rural

445.00

5 State Plan Building

22.85 22.85 82.90 82.90 89.69

Total 'A' 493.95 493.95 678.25 678.25 980.35 980.35 1301.90 1301.90 2097.69 349.11

1 PMGSY 1172.27 1172.27 2054.55 2054.55 2153.24 2153.24 2272.92 2272.92 621.77 621.77

Total 'B' 1172.27 1172.27 2054.55 2054.55 2153.24 2153.24 2272.92 2272.92 621.77 621.77

Total 'A' + 'B' 1666.22 1666.22 2732.80 2732.80 3133.59 3133.59 3574.82 3574.82 2719.46 970.88

Rural Works Di i i II

1 NABARD (RIDF)

149.01 149.01 18.00 18.00 110.13 110.13 563.01 563.01 1820.00 584.69

2 CWA 69.00 69.00 148.00 148.00 137.50 137.50 135.20 135.20 128.00 12.04

3 28-5054-SP-C l ti f

10.00 10.00 48.00 48.00

4 28-5054-SP-C t Of

82.90 82.90 73.70 73.70 62.86 62.86 100.00

5 State Plan B ildi

7.93 7.93 33.04 33.04 76.97 76.79 140.07 140.07 210.60 7.39

6 28-5054-S & I d S&E

1.00 1.00 2.25 2.25 6.33 6.33 4.54 4.54 10.25 1.20

Total 'A' 319.84 319.84 322.99 322.99 393.61 393.61 842.82 842.82 2268.85 605.32

1 PMGSY 937.86 937.85 3249.67 3249.67 3966.00 3966.00 3726.00 3729.00 1147.00 1147.00

Total 'B' 937.86 937.86 3249.67 3249.67 3966.00 3966.00 3726.00 3726.00 1147.00 1147.00

Total 'A' + 'B' 1257.70 1257.69 3572.66 3572.66 4359.61 4359.61 4568.82 4568.82 3415.85 1752.32

Divisional Forest Officer, Ghumsur North Division, Bhanjanagar

1 State Plan 84

84.35 84.35 98.22 98.22 98.22 126.03 126.03 126.03 147.81 147.81 147.81 109.08 125.13 35.06

142


2 Central Plan 0 0.48 0.48 11.21 11.21 11.21 2.50 2.50 2.50 0.91 0.91 0.91

3 Central S d

1 1.81 1.81 11.21 11.21 11.21 17.33 17.33 17.33

4 RSVY(DRDA) 0 0.80 0.48

5 NREGS 6 6.00 6.00 60.20 46.20 27.69 888.10 20.00 11.01 114.65 15.60 24.06 614.65 61.60 27.69

6 NAP (FDA) 15

127.00

117.78

230.70

1.50 143.71 165.51 150.00 127.86 171.74 15.88 47.40 163.84 60.15 60.77

7 NBM (O B D A)

24

24.17 3.11 16.25 16.25 21.89 14.63 14.63 15.94 7.67 7.67 8.54 5.73 7.73 1.20

Total

Executive Engineer RWSS Division, Berhampur

PWS Schemes 768.12 768.12 768.12 1578.13 1578.13

1578.13

676.25 676.25 676.25 1569.20 1569.20

1569.20

1828.82

568.04

568.04 Sinking of

T W135.00 135.00 135.00 180.00 180.00 180.00 87.00 87.00 87.00 177.34 177.34 177.34 251.9

569.7

869.78

Director of Employment, (Southern Zone), Berhampur, Ganjam

C.S. 10.24

10.24 10.24 13.05

13.05 13.05 12.85 12.85 12.85 7.06 7.06 7.06 9.43 4.56 3.73

DSE 6.77 6.77 6.77 10.81

10.81 10.81 11.31 11.31 11.31 11.10 11.10 11.10 11.62

5.72 4.28

FARAS 82.92

82.92 82.92 96.32

96.32 96.32 168.78

168.78 168.78

153.19 153.19

153.19 141.58

89.42 55.23

NSS 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.21 0.21 0.21 2.32 0.31

ULB 3.56 3.56 3.56

VICS 0.84 0.84 0.84

Eco. Surv 1.05 1.05 1.05 5.25 5.25 5.25 6.37 6.37 6.37 7.30 7.30 7.30 7.60 3.79 2.68

MI 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

Agro Census 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.09 0.09 0.09

Eco. Census 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.21 0.21 0.21

F & V 0.10 0.10 0.10 1.39 1.39 1.39 2.65 2.65 2.65 1.82 1.82 1.82 0.93 0.85

DES 0.01 0.01 0.01

Total

Inspector of School, Ganjam Circle, Berhampur,

1 Science Exhibition

0.70 0.68 0.68 0.50 0.42 0.42 0.50 0.41 0.41 0.55 0.51 0.51 0.60 0.56 0.56

2 Remuneration to Contractual

82.50 82.45 82.44 166.90

166.82

166.76 250.10 250.06

250.05 701.50 701.01 623.75 771.20

771.11

771.11

3 Block Grant (Tribal, Non-Tribal)

158.00 156.34 157.31 528.00

527.41

507.11 755.00 731.05

754.84 1011.50

1014.04 1011.39

1024.20

1024.04

1021.39

4 Salary to U.L.B. High

99.00 98.27 98.27 160.50

160.01

160.01 200.50 200.50

200.50 590.50 590.05 317.92 650.00

649.05

349.92

143


5 Salary of Sanskrit Tols under 151 Non

15.90 15.85 15.89 20.00 19.92 19.17

6 610-G.I.A. (N T )

279.00 278.91 278.91

Total

Distrist Social Welfare Officer, Ganjam, Chatrapur

1 Social Security & S i l W lf

MBPY (OAP) 1351.23 1351.23

2434.20

2434.20 2677.62 2677.62

2082.22 2082.22 2290.44 2290.44 MBPY (ODP) 350.83 350.83 489.62 489.62 538.59 538.59

NSAP

IGNOAP/IGNWP/IGNDP

1107.18 1107.18

966.79

966.79 1063.47 1063.47

2674.10 2674.10 2941.51 2941.51 MBPY HIV+ 20.56 20.56 93.36 93.36 102.70 102.70

NFBS 268.00 268.00 239.00

239.00 262.90 262.90 358.10 358.10 393.91 393.91

Welfare of H di d

Assistance for AIDS &

2.42 2.42 2.66 2.66

Food Security

MDM 1559.93 1559.93

1649.19

1649.19 1814.10 1814.10

3286.76 3286.76 3615.44 3615.44 KITCHEN SHEED 930.60 930.60 1138.

201138.20 500.00 500.00

UTINSIL 61.29 61.29 94.60 94.60

MME 24.13 24.13 13.40 13.40 1.35 1.35 38.16 38.16 41.98 41.98

TC 37.92 37.92 20.91 20.91 60.55 60.55 65.61 65.61 72.17 72.17

SNP 4313.28 4313.28 4744.61 4744.61 Integrated Child Development Services

MEDICINE KITS 12.77 12.77 22.98 22.98 25.28 25.28

PRESCHOOL KITS

14.41 14.41 14.41 14.41 158.51

158.51

CONSTRUCTION OF AWC

32.51 32.51 32.51 32.51 32.51 32.51 80.00 80.00 88.00 88.00

AWARD OF AWW 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15

VERVAL ATOSPY

23.40 23.40

CDPO OFFICE BUILDING

POSITIVE DEVAINCE

REPAIR OF AWC 20.75 20.75 5.00 5.00 5.50 5.50

REDUCTION OF MALLNUTRETIO

5.76 5.76

144


CMRF 28.43 28.43

Mission Shakti

MICRO CREDIT SUPPORT

293.55

293.55 138.60 138.60 148.40 148.40 163.24 163.24

STRENGHENING OF WSHG

55.00 55.00 34.00 34.00 12.96 12.96 14.26 14.26

SEED MONY FOR FEDRATION

200.00 200.00 220.00 220.00

CAPACITY BUILDING

0.97 0.97 1.07 1.07

CAPACITY BUILDING (SKILL

INSURANCE TO SHG MEMBER

P H Division,Berhampur

1 Laying of 16" dia D/I i li f

346.88

45.00

45.00 55.00 55.00 32.91 32.21

2 Improvement of t l t

28.99 13.89

13.89 3.00 3.00


133.33

25.62

25.62 44.71 44.71 3.00 3.00

4 Provision of water l i li t

35.10 15.00

15.00 10.10 10.10 10.10 10.10

5 laying of water l i li i

57.17 40.00

40.00 17.17 17.17

6 Improvement of t l

39.28 15.00

15.00 20.28 20.28 4.00 4.00

7 Sinking of tube ll 12

6.00 6.00 6.00 9.00 9.00 5.50 5.50


0.09 0.09

9 Replacement & l i f t

100.00

100.00 5.00 5.00

10 Production well d ll UGR

40.23 40.23

11 Provision water l i

12.97 12.97 5.00 5.00

12 Provision water l i

9.49 9.49

13 Procurement of t &

23.20 23.20 32.00 32.00


7.80 7.80

15 Sinking of d ti ll &

22.23 22.23

16 Provision of trolley t d t

6.00 6.00


40.23 40.23


3.00 3.00


5.25 5.25

1 13-4215 state plan ( t t t ) 02

16.00

16.00 2.85 2.85 7.54 7.54 114.86

114.86

271.52 271.52

2 13-4215 state plan ( t t t ) 02

4.50 4.50 11.15 11.15 8.00 8.00 7.81 7.81

3 13-4216 Col. On-H i t t

1.35 1.35

145


CHAPTER-XIII

Left Wing Etremism-LWE

13.0 Introduction

Democracy has been hailed as the true and authentic voice of people, working for both their tangible and intangible interests. In a meaningful democracy, political stability and working within the conventional framework of law and ethics are the two most desired virtues. People across continents have long cherished the dream of living under healthy governance, which has led to their reaffirming the mandate for constitutionally approved governments irrespective of their efficiency levels or experience. Sometimes there is a limit to all that people can brook. Their faith in legal system fails them, the popular government becomes a toy in the hands of industrial bourgeoisie and capitalist entrepreneurs, they lose the power to govern even the aspects of their own lives and there is a sense of simmering anarchy. This is not a passing mood- it has been born out of a strong sense of being wronged and alienated amidst their land and property. The year was 1967. The place, Naxalbari. The young and fiery ideologies of the Marxist-Leninist movement in India formed the CPI(M-L), envisioning a spontaneous mass upsurge all over India that would create a 'liberated zone'. The Naxalite movement was born. Odisha has felt the nerves of naxal movement since 1968. But in the last twenty years or so the state has witnessed a strong naxalite movement. Earlier, it was Peoples' War Group (PWG) that was a dominant force in different parts with Maoist Communist Party (MCC) playing a lesser role in the progress of the movement. PWG was very influential in Gajapati, Ganjam, Koraput, Malkangiri, Nabarangapur and Rayagada districts.

13.1 LWE its causes

Several reasons are responsible for growth and expansion of naxalism in Ganjam but the single most reason is poverty. It is generally viewed that such a volatile phase of naxalism in the district is basically a product of the continuous process of underdevelopment. The other parts of Odisha which has otherwise been rich in minerals, and other natural resources the poverty is at large scale there. According to the Planning Commission and Census reports Odisha is the poorest state in India, with about 48% of its population below poverty line. This means that approximately 17-28 million people in the state itself are officially living under BPL category. The area with larger population under BPL and the areas under greater influence of the naxalites corroborate each other.Some of the reasons are summarized as below-

146


Transferring tribal land

Odisha's quest for development has caused apart from other things, the commercialization of forest resources, thereby reducing the traditional right and access of the tribal inhabitants to the forested areas, which are still considered as their original homes of the tribal people. Moreover, the transfer of tribal land to the non-tribal people despite several legal strictures continues unabated.

Commercialization of agriculture

With the commercialization of agriculture, economic disparities widened. This polarized the agrarian classes and created an environment of confrontation.

Social Iniquity and Exploitation

The oppressed classes were not only exploited as sharecroppers and landless labourers by the landlords they also fell prey to money lenders. The groups constituting the sharecroppers and the landless laborers wanted a new social order with equity and the landed classes wanted to retain the prestige and status that was associated with the zamindars under the old system . Also, in India, since there wasn't any distinction between class and caste relationships at that time, class conflict was manifested as caste conflict. The manifestations of the caste struggle as part of the Naxal movement is region specific17. In Srikakulam, a government sponsored study noted that “Chronic poverty and destitution have become the patterns of tribal life”.

Alienation of Forest Land

Alienation of Tribal land was a major issue that crippled their economic welfare. This was evident in good measure in the Srikakulam Naxal movement.By the time of the uprising only one third of the tribals owned land . Alienation happened largely because of the money-lenders' trap but also because of the government's restrictions of access to forest land, traditionally the exclusive domain of the tribals. In implementing government regulations on forest access, government officials resorted to harassment of the tribals. Loss of access to forest produce which had constituted a significant part of their income and was also an integral part of their way of life, led to deep discontentment among the tribes. The people who were most affected by the status quo, therefore, were the fuel for the Naxalist fire.

Tribals and Agricultural Laborers

The policies of the state disturbed the equilibrium in tribal society. Their social structure was also more conducive to mass mobilization. This polarized the agrarian classes and created an environment of confrontation.They were the hardest hit by the agricultural commercialization and the government's forest policy. They also bore the brunt of social oppression. Their egalitarian social organization was very conducive to mass mobilization. The landless everywhere share the same woes. The Naxal cadres also hailed from the classes of agricultural workers, sharecroppers and tenants.

147


So, there has been a readymade resentment among the tribal populace and it could easily serve as a fertile ground for popularization of any anti-government or anti-mainstream ideology. The naxalites have realized this quite clearly and so they have been able to establish a good ground level support base in these areas. A central Naxalite agenda also includes tribal self-determination, which is, asserting the rights of the tribals over local resources.

The government has several tribal development programmes aimed at overall progress of the people and the regions. But, it seems that all these programmes collectively have created an elite among the tribal population itself, leading to increased resentment among the tribals. The problem has been compounded by the massive out-migration due to increased poverty and income gap in the tribal society.

13.2 Situation Analysis and strategies

It is not as if government has not tried to sort out the problem but the lacunae are that these efforts were not well directed, that is why all the government efforts have failed to produce the desired results. The Naxal stronghold blocks or region where a number of special programmes are in operation but poverty refuses to subside.

The development strategy of the government has t been a success story by popular measure. Though, many small industries were established and irrigation projects were laid down, the local population is still among the poorest ones. And, the reality of the well thought out development strategy in resettlement operations owing to construction of industry and irrigation project sites in Ganjam resulted in the majority of inhabitants ending up with lower incomes, less land than before, less work opportunities, inferior housing, less access to the resources of the commons such as fuel-wood and fodder; and worse nutrition and physical and mental health.

Like everywhere else the Naxal movement has survived and sustained itself in Ganjam because it revolves around the life of marginalized people. The naxals have shown the poor people a dream of a society based on equality. Taking advantage of the acute poverty and rampant corruption in these remote corners of the district, the Naxals have shown them the dream of a revolution. It is high time that the government realizes that the Naxals have come to represent a serious internal security problem.

13.3 Present status and degree of naxal hazard-

The naxal intrusion in the district has spread in different interior regions and as per the data available in the district administration there is differential naxal impact and differential pattern of response. The number of blocks likely to be affected is 9 with correspondingly 51 GPs and 92 villages. There are 9 Blocks, 46 GPs ,404 Villages already affected by naxals. The detail list of the affected, likely to be affected and vulnerable blocks, GPs and villages are annexed as Annexure-XIII

148


Table-13.1 No of GPs likely to be affected

Blocks GPs Villages

Patrapur 5 47

Digapahandi 10 26

Chikiti 1 2

Kukudakhandi 5 19

Soroda 19

Sheragada 3

Dharakote 4

Bhanjanagar 1

Sanakhemundi 3

Total 51 92

Table-13.2 No of GPs affected

Blocks GPs Villages

Patrapur 1 13

Soroda 19 208

Sheragada 4 6

Aska 1 8

Dharakote 3 50

Bellaguntha 3 13

Bhanjanagr 13 91

Jagannathprasad 2 15

Total 46 404

Table-13.3 No of GPs Vulnerable

Police Station GPs Villages

Badagada 10 150

Soroda 7 52

Jagannathprasad 2 15

Bhanjanagar 4 24

Total 23 241

13.4 Strategies for strengthening security measures.

The state government has emphasized on the modernization of State Police force and accordingly funds are given to the district under the Police Modernization Scheme to modernize their police forces in terms of modern weaponry, latest communication equipment, mobility and

149


other infrastructure. The naxal-affected blocks have also been asked to identify vulnerable police stations and outposts in the naxal areas and take up their fortification under the Scheme.

The Security Related Expenditure (SRE) Scheme of February 2005 has been revised. The level of reimbursement under the Scheme has been raised from 50% to 100% and new items like insurance scheme for police personnel, community policing, rehabilitation of surrendered naxalites, expenditure incurred on publicity to counter propaganda of naxalites, other security related items not covered under the Police Modernization Scheme etc., have been covered. The Scheme also allows release of funds to the naxal-affected districts as advance. In order to supplement the efforts of the district in providing an effective response to the naxal violence, Central Para Military Forces have been deployed on a long-term basis.

150


CHAPTER-XIV

COMPONENTS SPECIFIC TO LWE POCKETS

14.1 Combating LWE through components specific approach

The government has revised the recruitment guidelines to divert the youth from the naxal-affected areas to get into government jobs. Now, it has been permitted that 40% of the total recruitment in the Central Para Military Force (CRPF) can be taken up from the naxal or militancy affected areas.

Another important measure of the government is related to the backward district development. The Central Government has provided financial assistance for 55 naxal affected districts in the 9 States of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh & West Bengal under the Backward Districts Initiative (BDI) component of the Rsahtriya Sam Vikas Yojana (RSVY).

The government has requested the Planning Commission to include other naxal affected areas under their proposed Scheme of Backward Regions Grant Funds (BRGF).

The naxal problem has a very deep connection with the tribal and forested areas as even today the main base of the naxal movement comes from these places only. In order to address the areas of disaffection among the tribals, the government is making efforts on the legislation front also and the recognizing the right of the forest dwellers on the forest produces is an attempt to win over the tribals against the naxalites.

Since their beginning the naxal groups have been raising land and livelihood related issues mainly. So the central government now is pushing the states to carry the land reforms as fast as possible. But land reforms in India has not been a political issue only rather a social and prestige issue also, so, it always seems difficult for the state governments to carry out any such legislative measures for the fear of losing vital middle class' support. The States have also been asked to put greater attention on creating employment opportunities in the naxal affected areas with special focus on creation of physical infrastructure in terms of roads, communication, power as also social infrastructure such as schools, hospitals etc.

To do all this strategy of the government right now emphasizes on:

To strengthen intelligence set-up at the state level;

To pursue effective and sustained intelligence driven police action against naxalites and their infrastructure individually and jointly by the states

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To accelerate development in the naxal affected areas.

14.2 Social protection, Good governance and convergence

The government has introduced a bill in the parliament for safeguarding the land rights of the locals in the tribal areas is a good move. Similarly the extension of the Panchayati Raj programmes to tribal areas by giving greater power to the tribal village assembly is a modest measure in the right direction, but unless structural deformities are addressed in proper manner and the measures are undertaken to restore rights over land and forest, there is every possibility that the Panchayati Raj structures would continue to be manipulated by local elites. And, with this there remains every single chance of disaffection among the rural and tribal populace, which would keep naxalism alive in India. Proper and successful implementation of welfare schemes like MGNREGA, PMGSY, IAY would be able to build a new relation between the government and tribal people.

BRGF Fund flow for the LWE GPs for the year 2012-13

Sl. No

Block Name

PS Share ZP Share GP Share

Total Cost

No. of Projects

Total Cost

No. of Projects

Total Cost

No. of Projects

1 Aska 34.52 15 24 15 110 48 2 Bellagunth 29.75 16 18 6 20 10 3 Bhanjanag 37.3 22 18 9 30 11 4 Chikiti 29.12 15 18 5 10 4 5 Dharakote 30.26 23 18 10 10 3

BRGF fund flow for the LWE areas for the year 2012-13 Blocks No of Projects Total Amount (In Lakh)

Patrapur 26 64

Digapahandi 61 170.69

Chikiti 24 57.12

Kukudakhandi 50 96.08

Soroda 28 72.97

Sheragada 23 72.78

Dharakote 36 58.26

Bhanjanagar 42 85.3

Sanakhemundi 43 119

Aska 78 168.52

Bellaguntha 32 67.75

Jagannathprasad 21 64.07

Total 464 1096.54

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6 Digapahan 52.19 19 32 11 86.5 31 7 J.N.Prasad 36.07 11 18 7 10 3 8 Kukudakh 38.08 24 18 7 40 19 9 Patrapur 36 16 18 7 10 3 10 Sanakhem 45 9 24 13 50 21 11 Sheragada 33.87 8 19 8 20 7 12 Surada 38.97 13 24 11 10 4

Grand Total 441.13 191 249 109 406.5 164

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SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF DPC

The meeting of the District Planning Committee Ganjam was held on 18.11.2011 at 11.00 AM in the Conference Hall of DRDA, Ganjam, Chatrapur under the Chairmanship of Sri Raghunath Mohanty, Hon’ble Minister, Industries, Steel & Mines and Parliamentary Affairs, Orissa. A total number of 99 Nos of participants were present in the meeting including DPC Chairperson & Members, Ganjam, Collector & DM, Ganjam, P.D. DRDA, Deputy Director, Planning, Representatives of CTRAN, DLOs and PRI Members, Special Invitees, and several other participants including representatives from press.

The meeting started with the welcome address of the Collector who briefed the agenda note for discussion. The Chairman welcomed all the members and other participants. In his address, he reiterated the roll of the District Planning Committee not only for approval of the Comprehensive Annual Plan as well as Five Year Perspective Plan of the district but also their implementation so that the plans get reflected in to activities and the benefit reaches the intended beneficiaries for the overall development of the district in establishing social justice, equity uplifting the socially and economically marginalised strata of the society at par with other sections. There after the proceeding was carried on as per the agenda stipulated for the meeting. The various suggestions/recommendations are indicated below- a. Confirmation of the last meeting of the DPC The proceedings of the meeting of the District Planning committee, Ganjam held on 02.11.2010 had been sent to all its member vide L. No. 3369 (20) Dt. 20.12.2010 and all Hon’ble MPs and Hon’ble MLA of the district in the next memos. The compliances to those proceedings were apprised to the committee. Those proceedings were confirmed after a brief discussion. b. Approval of Comprehensive Annual District Plan, 2012-13 The Comprehensive Annual District Plan, 2012-13 of the district prepared by the M/S CTRAN consulting Private Ltd, Bhubaneswar was placed before the Committee for discussion and approval. The representative of the above agency presented the salient features of the said plan. It was stated that the Annual Plan size of Ganjam district is Rs.1551.51 crore registering a decrease below that of the previous plan, 2011-12 of Rs.1644.00 crore by 5.62%, the cause of the decrease was reasoned to be the discontinuance of the scheme “RR&R of water bodies with domestic support” under Minor Irrigation, for which the outlay for 2011-12 was Rs. 303.34 crore. The Plan was stated to have been embedded with the plans for the flagship programmes namely BRGF, SSA, NRHM, PMGSY, MGNREGS. The presenter of the plan also stated that the plan has been prepared in a consultative and participatory process eyeing on the inclusive growth of the marginalised sections of the society. It was also learnt that steps have been taken for earmarking of maximum plan outlay under TSP, Scheduled Caste component plan proportionate to the population of these categories. The plan was also learnt to have featured the women’s (gender sub-plan) component plan which is an indicative of measures taken on social justice. The development indicators envisioned during beginning of the 11the plan period for 2020 were also stated to have progressed for attaining the Goals by 2020. The Annual plan was also explained to have attempted on attaining the national goals and balanced development. The intra district disparity has also been aimed to be narrowed through specific

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approach in balancing the developmental activities between the developed and less developed areas. The Agriculture Plan has also been prepared with emphasis on scientific and technological intervention than the earlier practices so that better production and productivity would be ensured. The increase in irrigation has also been planned by better sustainable water resource management, water user’s participation and introduction of watershed development since the district is facing drought more often than not. The transport sector has also stated to have been prepared for a good communication network. The social sector has the stake of highest plan outlay among other sectors due to a good and well knit network of social infrastructures in the health, education, housing, development of SC, ST, OBCs and minorities, social welfare sectors. The optimal use of the resources of the lead sectors namely Agriculture and allied Sectors has been planned through convergence of inter-sectoral activities. The BRGF plan prepared through active participation of the people in the villages and urban areas forming an integral part of the Annual Plan involving Rs.38.18 crore was observed to bridge the critical gaps trailed through various developmental programmes. After discussion, the committee vetted the comprehensive Annual District Plan, 2012-13. c. Approval of Comprehensive District Five Year Perspective Plan: 2012-17. The comprehensive District Five Year Perspective Plan: 2012-17 for Ganjam district prepared by the TSI was tabled before the Committee and its salient features, strategies, process of its formulation, policy frame works were explained by the representative of the TSI. It was stated to have been prepared with the Financial outlay of Rs. 7317.18 crore, the strategy of which is in consonance with that of the National Plan and State Plan in the same period which are reduction of poverty, disparity, establishment of social justice, increase in employment generation in both the organised and unorganised sectors, pumping of more institutional finance for more entrepreneurial activities and as farm loans. The Five year plan was also explained to have been prepared by optimal use of resources of human, financial and natural, with targets to increase in productivity by better farm management, scientific agricultural practice, dryland faming mixed cropping, farm mechanisation, increase in irrigation potential, optimal use of water through drip irrigation, conservation of water. The plan was also learnt to have envisaged schemes for increase in educational standard, reduction of gaps between the male and female literacy, reduction of dropouts, strengthening preschooling through Anganwadies, implementation of social security measures, assuring quality health to the people through wide network of Health institutions, providing health services to all, reduction of IMR, MMR, birth rate, morbidity and checking endemic deceases. The other social services included in the plan document are the assured supply of potable drinking water to all habitations and 100% coverage of sanitation. The draft plan was also stated to have harboured the plan policy to increase economic standards of people through effective implementation of MGNREGS, empowering women through SHGs. Expansion of horticultural activities through National Horticultural Mission has been well planned which would ensure the self sustenance of the people in nutritious food. Preservation of fruits and perishable vegetables, their processing and marketing was stated to have been well planned. The plan was also explained to be an inclusive one, growth oriented ensuring sustainable development. It was also learnt to have been embedded with the schemes of Bharat Nirman, flagship programmes namely NRHM, RKVY, BRGF, National Horticulture Mission, PMGSY. After a thorough discussion the committee approved the Five year Perspective plan, 2012-17.

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d. Approval of diversion of projects under BRGF

Dovetailing of BRGF fund for Distribution Transformer Systems.

The proposal of the Chief Secretary, Odisha received vide his L. No. 12808 (30) Dt.31.10.2011 for dovetailing of Rs. 4.00 crore from the BRGF fund for each of the years 2011-12 and 2012-13 for replacement of burnt transformers, supplementation of additional transformers, reconducting of 33 KV/11KV lines and installation of equipments like theft proof energy meters etc was placed before the Committee for discussion and decision. The committee was also apprised of the advisory issued by the Commissioner-cum-Secretary to Govt. in P.R. Department, Odisha to obtain the approval of the DPC on suitable modification of the approved Action Plan of BRGF, 2011-12 and the proposal of dovetailing of Rs.4.00 crore from the BRGF, 2012-13 for the above purpose. The committee discussed the issue and felt the need of supplementing BRGF fund for Distribution Transformer Systems. But the Committee did not agree for dovetailing the BRGF fund, 2011-12 for the purpose due to the reason that works from the Action Plan already approved have commenced and modification of that list would not be possible However, a consensus was arrived at for dovetailing of Rs. 4.00 crore out of the BRGF, 2012-13 for Distribution Transformer Systems.

The Committee approved these decisions.

The Committee was apprised of the entitlement of the district under BRGF for 2012-13 and the size of the fund for which the Action Plan need be approved as per the following distribution.

A. Entitlement of Ganjam district under BRGF, 2012-13 Rs. 25.45 crore

B. Amount for which Action Plan need be prepared (25.45X150%): Rs.38.18 crore

C. Distribution of fund for which different Local Bodies are required for preparation of Action Plans.

e. Approval of projects for execution under BRGF interest money.

The Committee approved the list of projects for Rs.170.65 lakh for execution with BRGF Interest money.

f. Diversion of projects under BRGF.

District Planning Committee, Ganjam had earlier approved different projects for execution under BRGF for the year 2009-10 and 2010-11. Accordingly funds had been sanctioned and placed with different executing agencies for expenditure. But some BDOs and EO, NACs were learnt to have reported non-execution of some of those sanctioned projects under the Scheme due to the factors beyond control. As such alternate projects duly approved by the concerned local bodies had been received for approval in place of the non-feasible ones. The list of such non executed projects and the corresponding alternate projects proposed there against was placed before the Committe. Such proposal of diversion of earlier sanctioned projects to the substitute projects was approved by the Committee.

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e. Miscellaneous

Hon’ble MLA, Khallikote wanted to know the position of execution of “RR&R of water bodies with domestic support”. It was stated by the EE, MI Divn. No. –II, Berhampur that 792 projects were approved at an estimated cost of Rs. 248.00 crore out of which 611 projects had been taken up and some of them had been completed. The rest of the projects would be completed by end of March as explained by the EE, MI Divn.-II, Berhampur. To a question of the Hon’ble MLA, Khallikote on non-payment in case of some projects, the EE reasoned the same for exhaustment of funds in the second phase. As regards execution of the project at Bada Hari Sikula which was at ongoing stage, the EE, MI Divn. stated that the project is under sub judice of the Hon’ble High Court, Odisha. Hon’ble MLA, Kabisurya Nagar also stated that payment in respect of many projects are not yet done. The EEs,MI of both the Divisions stated that receipt of supplementary fund is awaited which is expected in a month’s time after which the payment would be made.

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