Yojna Punjabi (September 2014) - Yojana · Yojna Punjabi (September 2014) - Yojana ... 2014 ...

:'iBk, ;szpo, :'iBk, ;szpo, :'iBk, ;szpo, :'iBk, ;szpo, :'iBk, ;szpo, 2014 1

;kb 30 ;kb 30 ;kb 30 ;kb 30 ;kb 30 • • • • • nze 2 nze 2 nze 2 nze 2 nze 2 • • • • • ;szpo 2014 ;szpo 2014 ;szpo 2014 ;szpo 2014 ;szpo 2014 • • • • • e[Zb gzB/ 56e[Zb gzB/ 56e[Zb gzB/ 56e[Zb gzB/ 56e[Zb gzB/ 56

• Gkos #u Ffjoh BhshnK s/ :'iBktK L - nkoHphH Grs 2

fgZSbMks s/ ;zGktBktK

• M[Zrh-M¯gVh w[es Gkos bJh fJe gfog/y - nfwskG e[zv{ 7

• Gkosh FfjoK ftu g/Iv{nK ~ w[]ksp j'Dk - Bo/Ido gkBh 11

• ;wkoN FfjoK dh :'iBkpzdh L F[o{ feE'I eohJ/< - n?; uzdoF/yo, 14

- fBjkfoek t?eN/F

• Gkosh FfjoK bJh ikoh ofjD:'r ftZs-gqpzXB - nkBzd ;j;okBwB 17

- ftF~ gq;kd

• FfjoheoB s/ nkXkoe YKu/ dk ftek; - gothB ;bdh 21

• FfjoheoB dk tX fojk o[MkB - ;[ftXk e[wok 24

• wjKBroK d/ tXd/ nkeko s/ ;wZf;nktK - i;ftzdo e"o fpzdok 27

• rzrk dfonk ftu tksktofBe gkDh dk - n?uHn?; ;/B 29

tjkn :ehBh pDkT[Dk - fdgKeo x'okfJ

• xZro dfonk L gqd{FB s/ ;zGkth T[gkn - uoBihs f;zx @BkGk# 34

• ekbh t/JhI dk gqtkj L b'eK bJh ;[y dk ;kj - jopz; f;zx ukjb 37

• f;Zfyne ;z;EktK #u tksktoB ;[Xko dhnK - irihs f;zx wkB 39

;zGktBktK

• gzikp ftu o;kfJDe }fjoK dk efjo - ifszdogkb f;zx 41

• gdkoE gqekF s/ pqfjwzv dh n;bhns L - ;spho f;zx 43

fBT{NqhB' eD

• ]poK ftu'I ]poK - 47

• eh s[;hI ikDd/ j'< - 49

• f;js gq'rokwK ~ bkr{ eoB ;w/I fdZesK - irdhg e"o 50

• g[;se gVu'b - ;opihs e"o 52

fJ; nze ftufJ; nze ftufJ; nze ftufJ; nze ftufJ; nze ftu

w?Ipo pDB s/ gZqfsek wzrtkT[D bJh s[;hI ;kv/ j/mb/ ftZeoh e/IdoK Bkb th ;zgoe eo ;ed/ j' L L L L L • gqekFB ftGkr, ;{uBk GtB, ;hHihHUH ezgb?e;, BthI fdZbh-110003 (\'BH 24365610) • jkb BzH 196, g[okDk ;eZso/s, fdZbh - 110054 (\'BH23890205) • 701, ph ftzr, ;ZsthI wzf}b, e/Idoh ;dB, p/bkg[o, BthI w[zpJh-400614 (\'BH 27570686 • 8 n?;gb/B/v Jh;N, e'beksk - 700069 (\'BH 22488030) • J/ ftzr, okikih GtB, p/;/IN Bro, u/BZJh - 600090 (\'BH 24917673)• gq?&Z; o'v, B/V/ r"ofwzN gq?`;, fso{tkBzsg[ow 695001 (\'BH 2330650) • pbke BzH 4, rqfjebg ezgb?e;, n?wH ihH o'v, BkwgZbh, j?dokpkd - 500001 (\'BH24605383)• gqEw sb, @n?c# ftzr, e/Idoh ;dB, e'okwzrbk, pzrb'o - 560034 (\'BH 25537244 • fpjko oki ;fjekoh p?Ie fpbfvzr, nF'e okigE, gNBk - 800004(\'BH2683407) • jkb BzH 1, d{ih wz}b, e/Idoh GtB, ;?eNo n?`u, nbhrzi, byBT{ - 226024 (\'BH2225455 • nzfpek ezgb?e;, gqEw sb, T[go :{e' p?Ie, gkbdh,nfjwdkpkd - 380007 (\'BH 26588669) • e/He/Hph o'v, fBT{ ekb'Bh, jkT{; BzH 7, u/Bh e[Eh, r[tkjNh - 781003 (\'BH 2665090)

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Jhw/b : [email protected]?p;kJhN LLLLL www.yojana.gov.inwww.publicationsdivision.nic.in

https//www.facebook.com/pages/yojana-journal

;z:[es fBod/Fe (T[sgkdB)

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fp}fB; w?B/io (;oe{b/FB s/ ftfrnkgB)

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:'iBk:'iBk:'iBk:'iBk:'iBk gzikph ;w/s n;whnk pKrbk, nzro/}h, r[ioksh, ezBV, wfbnkbw, wokmh, Uvhnk, s/br{ s/ T[od{ GkFktK ftu th gqekfFs ehsh iKdh j?. gZfsqek gzikph ;w/s n;whnk pKrbk, nzro/}h, r[ioksh, ezBV, wfbnkbw, wokmh, Uvhnk, s/br{ s/ T[od{ GkFktK ftu th gqekfFs ehsh iKdh j?. gZfsqek gzikph ;w/s n;whnk pKrbk, nzro/}h, r[ioksh, ezBV, wfbnkbw, wokmh, Uvhnk, s/br{ s/ T[od{ GkFktK ftu th gqekfFs ehsh iKdh j?. gZfsqek gzikph ;w/s n;whnk pKrbk, nzro/}h, r[ioksh, ezBV, wfbnkbw, wokmh, Uvhnk, s/br{ s/ T[od{ GkFktK ftu th gqekfFs ehsh iKdh j?. gZfsqek gzikph ;w/s n;whnk pKrbk, nzro/}h, r[ioksh, ezBV, wfbnkbw, wokmh, Uvhnk, s/br{ s/ T[od{ GkFktK ftu th gqekfFs ehsh iKdh j?. gZfsqek

wzrkT[D tk;s/, BthI w?IpofFg, BftnkT[D, g[okD/ nzeK dh gqkgsh s/ J/iz;h nkfd bJh wBhnkovo$vhwKv vqkcN$g';Nb nkovo @wzrkT[D tk;s/, BthI w?IpofFg, BftnkT[D, g[okD/ nzeK dh gqkgsh s/ J/iz;h nkfd bJh wBhnkovo$vhwKv vqkcN$g';Nb nkovo @wzrkT[D tk;s/, BthI w?IpofFg, BftnkT[D, g[okD/ nzeK dh gqkgsh s/ J/iz;h nkfd bJh wBhnkovo$vhwKv vqkcN$g';Nb nkovo @wzrkT[D tk;s/, BthI w?IpofFg, BftnkT[D, g[okD/ nzeK dh gqkgsh s/ J/iz;h nkfd bJh wBhnkovo$vhwKv vqkcN$g';Nb nkovo @wzrkT[D tk;s/, BthI w?IpofFg, BftnkT[D, g[okD/ nzeK dh gqkgsh s/ J/iz;h nkfd bJh wBhnkovo$vhwKv vqkcN$g';Nb nkovo @ADG(i/c), PublicationsDivision# d/ BK #s/ pDtk e/ j/m fby/ gs/ #s/ G/i'. fp}fB; w?B/io (;oe{b/FB s/ ftfrnkgB) gqekFB ftGkr, Jh;N pbke-4, b?tb-7, nkoHe/H g[ow,# d/ BK #s/ pDtk e/ j/m fby/ gs/ #s/ G/i'. fp}fB; w?B/io (;oe{b/FB s/ ftfrnkgB) gqekFB ftGkr, Jh;N pbke-4, b?tb-7, nkoHe/H g[ow,# d/ BK #s/ pDtk e/ j/m fby/ gs/ #s/ G/i'. fp}fB; w?B/io (;oe{b/FB s/ ftfrnkgB) gqekFB ftGkr, Jh;N pbke-4, b?tb-7, nkoHe/H g[ow,# d/ BK #s/ pDtk e/ j/m fby/ gs/ #s/ G/i'. fp}fB; w?B/io (;oe{b/FB s/ ftfrnkgB) gqekFB ftGkr, Jh;N pbke-4, b?tb-7, nkoHe/H g[ow,# d/ BK #s/ pDtk e/ j/m fby/ gs/ #s/ G/i'. fp}fB; w?B/io (;oe{b/FB s/ ftfrnkgB) gqekFB ftGkr, Jh;N pbke-4, b?tb-7, nkoHe/H g[ow,

Bth I fd Zbh-110066, \ 'B-26100207, 26105590 skoL ;{uBkg qekFBBth I fd Zbh-110066, \ 'B-26100207, 26105590 skoL ;{uBkg qekFBBth I fd Zbh-110066, \ 'B-26100207, 26105590 skoL ;{uBkg qekFBBth I fd Zbh-110066, \ 'B-26100207, 26105590 skoL ;{uBkg qekFBBth I fd Zbh-110066, \ 'B-26100207, 26105590 skoL ;{uBkg qekFB

uzdk doK L 1 ;kb uzdk doK L 1 ;kb uzdk doK L 1 ;kb uzdk doK L 1 ;kb uzdk doK L 1 ;kb `100, 2 ;kb 100, 2 ;kb 100, 2 ;kb 100, 2 ;kb 100, 2 ;kb `180, 3 ;kb 180, 3 ;kb 180, 3 ;kb 180, 3 ;kb 180, 3 ;kb `250 - ;koe d/FK bJh 250 - ;koe d/FK bJh 250 - ;koe d/FK bJh 250 - ;koe d/FK bJh 250 - ;koe d/FK bJh `530 l :{ogh s/ j'o d/FK bJh 530 l :{ogh s/ j'o d/FK bJh 530 l :{ogh s/ j'o d/FK bJh 530 l :{ogh s/ j'o d/FK bJh 530 l :{ogh s/ j'o d/FK bJh `730H 730H 730H 730H 730H :'iBk:'iBk:'iBk:'iBk:'iBk ftu gqekfFs fBpzXK ftu ftu gqekfFs fBpzXK ftu ftu gqekfFs fBpzXK ftu ftu gqekfFs fBpzXK ftu ftu gqekfFs fBpzXK ftu

gqrNkJ/ ftuko b/yeK d/ nkgD/ jB. }o{oh BjhI fe T[j b/ye Gkos ;oeko d/ fiBQK wzsokfbnK, ftGkrK s/ ;zrmBK Bkb ;zpzfXs jB, T[BQK dk th fJjhgqrNkJ/ ftuko b/yeK d/ nkgD/ jB. }o{oh BjhI fe T[j b/ye Gkos ;oeko d/ fiBQK wzsokfbnK, ftGkrK s/ ;zrmBK Bkb ;zpzfXs jB, T[BQK dk th fJjhgqrNkJ/ ftuko b/yeK d/ nkgD/ jB. }o{oh BjhI fe T[j b/ye Gkos ;oeko d/ fiBQK wzsokfbnK, ftGkrK s/ ;zrmBK Bkb ;zpzfXs jB, T[BQK dk th fJjhgqrNkJ/ ftuko b/yeK d/ nkgD/ jB. }o{oh BjhI fe T[j b/ye Gkos ;oeko d/ fiBQK wzsokfbnK, ftGkrK s/ ;zrmBK Bkb ;zpzfXs jB, T[BQK dk th fJjhgqrNkJ/ ftuko b/yeK d/ nkgD/ jB. }o{oh BjhI fe T[j b/ye Gkos ;oeko d/ fiBQK wzsokfbnK, ftGkrK s/ ;zrmBK Bkb ;zpzfXs jB, T[BQK dk th fJjh

fdqFNhe'B j't/. gZ qfsqek ftu gqekfFs ftfrnkgBK d/ ftFk t;s{ tk;s/ :'iBk itkpd/j BjhI j?.fdqFNhe'B j't/. gZ qfsqek ftu gqekfFs ftfrnkgBK d/ ftFk t;s{ tk;s/ :'iBk itkpd/j BjhI j?.fdqFNhe'B j't/. gZ qfsqek ftu gqekfFs ftfrnkgBK d/ ftFk t;s{ tk;s/ :'iBk itkpd/j BjhI j?.fdqFNhe'B j't/. gZ qfsqek ftu gqekfFs ftfrnkgBK d/ ftFk t;s{ tk;s/ :'iBk itkpd/j BjhI j?.fdqFNhe'B j't/. gZ qfsqek ftu gqekfFs ftfrnkgBK d/ ftFk t;s{ tk;s/ :'iBk itkpd/j BjhI j?.

2 :'iBk, ;szpo, :'iBk, ;szpo, :'iBk, ;szpo, :'iBk, ;szpo, :'iBk, ;szpo, 2014

Ffjoh :'iBkpzdhFfjoh :'iBkpzdhFfjoh :'iBkpzdhFfjoh :'iBkpzdhFfjoh :'iBkpzdh

Gkos #u Ffjoh BhshnK s/ :'iBktK L fgZSbMks s/ ;zGktBktKGkos #u Ffjoh BhshnK s/ :'iBktK L fgZSbMks s/ ;zGktBktKGkos #u Ffjoh BhshnK s/ :'iBktK L fgZSbMks s/ ;zGktBktKGkos #u Ffjoh BhshnK s/ :'iBktK L fgZSbMks s/ ;zGktBktKGkos #u Ffjoh BhshnK s/ :'iBktK L fgZSbMks s/ ;zGktBktK

nkoHphH GrsnkoHphH GrsnkoHphH GrsnkoHphH GrsnkoHphH Grs

D-gSkDD-gSkDD-gSkDD-gSkDD-gSkD

T[dkotkd d/ d"o s'I fgS'I Gkos d/

nkofEe ftek; ftu Ffjoh ns/ BroK d/

e/IdoK dh wjZssk tXdh ik ojh j?.

T[dkjoD bJh, Gkos d/ e[Zb xo/b{

T[sgkd ftu Ffjoh y/soK dk :'rdkB

1950-51 d/ 29 gqfsFs d/ w[ekpb/

1980-81 ftu 47 gqfsFs, 2007 ftu

62-63 gqfsFs j' frnk fi; d/ 2021

se tX e/ 75 gqfsFs j' ikD dh nk;

j? (:'iBk nk:'r 2008L394). fJ; rZb

#s/ th }'o fdsk ik fojk j? fe e[Zb

xo/b{ T[sgkd ftu 9 s'I 10 gqfsFs

ftek; p[fBnkdh s"o s/ Gkosh FfjoK ~

j'o tZX ofjD:'r ns/ ;zfwbs pDkT[D

#s/ fBoGo eodk j? (:'iBk nk:'r, Gkos

;oeko, 2008L394). FfjoheoB dk fJe

nfjw bZSD, i' okiBhsh ns/ BhshnK #s/

n;onzdk} j[zdk j?, T[j j? fe fJj iks

ns/ Xkofwe gSkD #s/ nkXkos okiBhse

bkwpzdh d/ g[okD/ ;o{g ~ Bekodk j?

ns/ ftek; bJh jZe nkXkos gj[zu ngDk

e/ ;EkBe w[ZfdnK ~ jZb eoB dh rZb

eodk j?. fJ; bJh, b'eK d/ ;FesheoB

dk fJe BtK w[jKdok T[Go fojk j? fi;

ftu T[BQK bJh ]k; ek~B pDk e/ ftF/F

jZedkoh :ehBh pDkJh rJh j?. Bt/I

Bhshrs pdbkn ns/ Fk;B dhnK

oDBhshnK }o{oh s"o s/ ;o{g ftu FfjoK

tkbhnK jB. g/Iv{ ns/ Ffjoh gkVk th

w"fbe gSkDK ~ pDkJh oZyD ftu Bkekw

j' fojk j? feT[Ife fgzvK dh iBsk nkofEe

ns/ ;wkfie ;o'sK se gj[zu bJh pokpo

fuzss j? ns/ T[j nkgDh jkbs bJh

;oeko ~ f}zw/tko wzBd/ jB.

Gkos d/ Ffjoh fJfsjk; dk fJeGkos d/ Ffjoh fJfsjk; dk fJeGkos d/ Ffjoh fJfsjk; dk fJeGkos d/ Ffjoh fJfsjk; dk fJeGkos d/ Ffjoh fJfsjk; dk fJe

j?okB eoB tkbk gZy fJj th j?j?okB eoB tkbk gZy fJj th j?j?okB eoB tkbk gZy fJj th j?j?okB eoB tkbk gZy fJj th j?j?okB eoB tkbk gZy fJj th j?

fe pj[s/ e;p/ ns/ Ffjo nkgD/fe pj[s/ e;p/ ns/ Ffjo nkgD/fe pj[s/ e;p/ ns/ Ffjo nkgD/fe pj[s/ e;p/ ns/ Ffjo nkgD/fe pj[s/ e;p/ ns/ Ffjo nkgD/

s"o s/ fte;s j'J/ jB. BhshnKs"o s/ fte;s j'J/ jB. BhshnKs"o s/ fte;s j'J/ jB. BhshnKs"o s/ fte;s j'J/ jB. BhshnKs"o s/ fte;s j'J/ jB. BhshnK

ns/ :'iBktK B/ e[ZM jZd se tZv/ns/ :'iBktK B/ e[ZM jZd se tZv/ns/ :'iBktK B/ e[ZM jZd se tZv/ns/ :'iBktK B/ e[ZM jZd se tZv/ns/ :'iBktK B/ e[ZM jZd se tZv/

Ffjoh e/IdoK #s/ n;o gkfJnk,Ffjoh e/IdoK #s/ n;o gkfJnk,Ffjoh e/IdoK #s/ n;o gkfJnk,Ffjoh e/IdoK #s/ n;o gkfJnk,Ffjoh e/IdoK #s/ n;o gkfJnk,

go S'N/ Ffjo s/ e;p/ s/ |?ogo S'N/ Ffjo s/ e;p/ s/ |?ogo S'N/ Ffjo s/ e;p/ s/ |?ogo S'N/ Ffjo s/ e;p/ s/ |?ogo S'N/ Ffjo s/ e;p/ s/ |?o

wjKBroh y/so Ffjoh BhshnKwjKBroh y/so Ffjoh BhshnKwjKBroh y/so Ffjoh BhshnKwjKBroh y/so Ffjoh BhshnKwjKBroh y/so Ffjoh BhshnK

ns/ :'iBktK s'I f}nkdkso nfGZins/ :'iBktK s'I f}nkdkso nfGZins/ :'iBktK s'I f}nkdkso nfGZins/ :'iBktK s'I f}nkdkso nfGZins/ :'iBktK s'I f}nkdkso nfGZi

jh oj/ jB (Fkn 1996-224).jh oj/ jB (Fkn 1996-224).jh oj/ jB (Fkn 1996-224).jh oj/ jB (Fkn 1996-224).jh oj/ jB (Fkn 1996-224).

fJj gouk Ffjoh Bhsh, :'iBkpzdhfJj gouk Ffjoh Bhsh, :'iBkpzdhfJj gouk Ffjoh Bhsh, :'iBkpzdhfJj gouk Ffjoh Bhsh, :'iBkpzdhfJj gouk Ffjoh Bhsh, :'iBkpzdh

s/ ftT[IsK #s/ fJj ;zy/g Mkss/ ftT[IsK #s/ fJj ;zy/g Mkss/ ftT[IsK #s/ fJj ;zy/g Mkss/ ftT[IsK #s/ fJj ;zy/g Mkss/ ftT[IsK #s/ fJj ;zy/g Mks

gkT[Idk s/ nZr/ tXD dk wkorgkT[Idk s/ nZr/ tXD dk wkorgkT[Idk s/ nZr/ tXD dk wkorgkT[Idk s/ nZr/ tXD dk wkorgkT[Idk s/ nZr/ tXD dk wkor

;[MkT[Idk j?.;[MkT[Idk j?.;[MkT[Idk j?.;[MkT[Idk j?.;[MkT[Idk j?.

gzi ;kbk :'iBktK ftu Ffjohgzi ;kbk :'iBktK ftu Ffjohgzi ;kbk :'iBktK ftu Ffjohgzi ;kbk :'iBktK ftu Ffjohgzi ;kbk :'iBktK ftu Ffjoh

ftT[IsK ns/ :'iBkpzdhftT[IsK ns/ :'iBkpzdhftT[IsK ns/ :'iBkpzdhftT[IsK ns/ :'iBkpzdhftT[IsK ns/ :'iBkpzdh

gfjbhnK d' gzi ;kbk :'iBktK d/

;w/I d"okB tZy-tZy ndko/ ns/ ;z;EktK

pDkJhnK ns/ ;Ekfgs ehshnK rJhnK.

T[dkjoD ti'I, ;oeko tb'I NkT{B n?Iv

ezNoh gbkfBzr nkor/BkJhi/FB, B?FBb

fpbfvzr nkor/BkJhi/FB ns/ fdZbh ftek;

nEkfoNh dk fJ; ;w/I d"okB rmB ehsk

frnk. fdZbh dk wk;No gbkB pDkT[D

bJh th e'fFFK ehshnK rJhnK i' d{i/

okiK ftu Ffjoh :'iBkpzdh bJh okjd;/ok

pfDnk (Fkn 1996L225). fJ; ;w/I d"okB,

okiK ~ NkT{B n?Iv ezNoh gbkfBzr ;zpzXh

ek~B bkr{ eoB dh ;bkj fdsh rJh

sK i' Ffjoh }whB d/ fpjso gqpzXB

bJh wk;No gbkB pDkJ/ ik ;eD

(okwkuzdoB 1989L570).

Gkos d/ Ffjoh ftek; ns/ :'iBkpzdh

bJh shih gzi ;kbk :'iBk (1961-66)

fJe nfjw w'V ;kps j'Jh. fJ; ftu

;zs[fbs y/soh ftek; w[skpe FfjoK ns/

e;fpnK dh wjZssk ~ ;theko ehsk

frnk ns/ ;[Mkn fdsk frnk fe Ffjoh

:'iBkpzdh bJh y/soh gj[zu ngDkJh

ikt/. fJ; ftu Ffjoh }whB ~ fB:fws

eoB, Ffjoh }whB dhnK ehwsK #s/ ekp{

oZyD ns/ tZv/ FfjoK bJh wk;No gbkB

pDkT[D #s/ }'o fdsk frnk. fJ; ftu

;gZFN ehsk frnk fe wk;No gbkB

fsnko eoBk okiK ns/ ;EkBe ;oekoK s/

ftGkrK dh f}zw/tkoh j?. fJ; b'V ~ th

;wfMnk frnk fe fiE'I se j' ;e/ tZv/

T[d:'r tZv/ FfjoK ns/ GhV tkb/ fJbkfenK

s'I d{o ;Ekfgs ehs/ ikD ns/ fBrw

gqpzXB ~ w}p{s ehsk ikt/ (http://

planningcommission.gov.in/plans/

planrel/fiveyr/index6.html) fJ; ;w/I d"okBpj[s/ okiK B/ poskBth NkT{B gbkfBzr

d/ Bw{B/ ns/ gqEktK dh so} #s/ Ffjoh

ftek; d/ ek~B bkr{ ehs/ rJ/. n;b

ftu, shih gzi ;kbk :'iBk ~ d/F ftu

Ffjoh BhshnK fsnko eoB ftu p/jZd

nfjw wzfBnk ik ;edk j? (Fkn

1996L226). u"Eh gzi ;kbk :'iBk (1969-

74) d"okB th shih :'iBk d/ y/so ns/

ikikikikik


Ffjoh ftek; d/ T[gokfbnK #s/ }'o fdsk

iKdk fojk ns/ 72 Ffjoh e/IdoK tk;s/

ftek; :'iBktK F[o{ ehshnK rJhnK.

fdZbh, rq/No w[zpJh ns/ e'beksk tor/

wjKBroh y/soK ftu y/soh nfXn?B F[o{

ehs/ rJ/ (http://planningcommission.

nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/4th/4planch1

9.html).

e/Ido ;oeko tb'I gqkgs ftF/Fe/Ido ;oeko tb'I gqkgs ftF/Fe/Ido ;oeko tb'I gqkgs ftF/Fe/Ido ;oeko tb'I gqkgs ftF/Fe/Ido ;oeko tb'I gqkgs ftF/F

nB[dkB dh wdd Bkb okiK dhnKnB[dkB dh wdd Bkb okiK dhnKnB[dkB dh wdd Bkb okiK dhnKnB[dkB dh wdd Bkb okiK dhnKnB[dkB dh wdd Bkb okiK dhnK

BthnK okiXkBhnK, fit/I uzvhrVQ,BthnK okiXkBhnK, fit/I uzvhrVQ,BthnK okiXkBhnK, fit/I uzvhrVQ,BthnK okiXkBhnK, fit/I uzvhrVQ,BthnK okiXkBhnK, fit/I uzvhrVQ,

rKXhBro, G'gkb ns/ G[pB/FtorKXhBro, G'gkb ns/ G[pB/FtorKXhBro, G'gkb ns/ G[pB/FtorKXhBro, G'gkb ns/ G[pB/FtorKXhBro, G'gkb ns/ G[pB/Fto

d/ ftek; ~ rsh gqdkB ehshd/ ftek; ~ rsh gqdkB ehshd/ ftek; ~ rsh gqdkB ehshd/ ftek; ~ rsh gqdkB ehshd/ ftek; ~ rsh gqdkB ehsh

rJh. fJ; ftu Ffjoh ek~BK ~rJh. fJ; ftu Ffjoh ek~BK ~rJh. fJ; ftu Ffjoh ek~BK ~rJh. fJ; ftu Ffjoh ek~BK ~rJh. fJ; ftu Ffjoh ek~BK ~

Ffjoh ftek; d/ o;s/ ftu o[ektNFfjoh ftek; d/ o;s/ ftu o[ektNFfjoh ftek; d/ o;s/ ftu o[ektNFfjoh ftek; d/ o;s/ ftu o[ektNFfjoh ftek; d/ o;s/ ftu o[ektN

pDB tkb/ ek~BK dh ;whfynkpDB tkb/ ek~BK dh ;whfynkpDB tkb/ ek~BK dh ;whfynkpDB tkb/ ek~BK dh ;whfynkpDB tkb/ ek~BK dh ;whfynk

eoB dh ;bkj fdsh rJh. FfjoheoB dh ;bkj fdsh rJh. FfjoheoB dh ;bkj fdsh rJh. FfjoheoB dh ;bkj fdsh rJh. FfjoheoB dh ;bkj fdsh rJh. Ffjoh

}whB (jZdpzdh ns/ ftfB:w)}whB (jZdpzdh ns/ ftfB:w)}whB (jZdpzdh ns/ ftfB:w)}whB (jZdpzdh ns/ ftfB:w)}whB (jZdpzdh ns/ ftfB:w)

n?eN 1976 gzithI gzi ;kbk :'iBkn?eN 1976 gzithI gzi ;kbk :'iBkn?eN 1976 gzithI gzi ;kbk :'iBkn?eN 1976 gzithI gzi ;kbk :'iBkn?eN 1976 gzithI gzi ;kbk :'iBk

d"okB gk; ehsk frnk. fJ;d"okB gk; ehsk frnk. fJ;d"okB gk; ehsk frnk. fJ;d"okB gk; ehsk frnk. fJ;d"okB gk; ehsk frnk. fJ;

ftu oki ;oekoK ~ wjKBrohftu oki ;oekoK ~ wjKBrohftu oki ;oekoK ~ wjKBrohftu oki ;oekoK ~ wjKBrohftu oki ;oekoK ~ wjKBroh

:'iBkpzdh y/so pDkT[D dh th:'iBkpzdh y/so pDkT[D dh th:'iBkpzdh y/so pDkT[D dh th:'iBkpzdh y/so pDkT[D dh th:'iBkpzdh y/so pDkT[D dh th

;bkj fdsh rJh sK i' Ffjoh;bkj fdsh rJh sK i' Ffjoh;bkj fdsh rJh sK i' Ffjoh;bkj fdsh rJh sK i' Ffjoh;bkj fdsh rJh sK i' Ffjoh

gqpzXB ;hwk s'I pkjob/ fte;s j'gqpzXB ;hwk s'I pkjob/ fte;s j'gqpzXB ;hwk s'I pkjob/ fte;s j'gqpzXB ;hwk s'I pkjob/ fte;s j'gqpzXB ;hwk s'I pkjob/ fte;s j'

oj/ y/soK tZb th fXnkB fdskoj/ y/soK tZb th fXnkB fdskoj/ y/soK tZb th fXnkB fdskoj/ y/soK tZb th fXnkB fdskoj/ y/soK tZb th fXnkB fdsk

ik ;e/.ik ;e/.ik ;e/.ik ;e/.ik ;e/.

fJ; ;w/I d"okB tkgo/ fJe nfjw

xNBkeqw ftu, wjKokFNo ;oeko B/

w[zpJh wjKBro ftek; n?eN, 1974 ftu

gk; eo fdsk ns/ fJ; nB[;ko 26

iBtoh, 1975 ~ w[zpJh wjKBro y/soh

ftek; nEkfoNh dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh.

fJ;/ ;w/I d"okB jh Ffjoh ;EkBe ;GktK,

jkT{f;zr p'ov ns/ d{ihnK ;z;EktK d/

gqki?eNK bJh \zv i[NkT[D tk;s/ jkT{f;zr

n?Iv nopB fvt?bgw?IN ekog'o/FB (j[ve')

dk rmB ehsk frnk. u"Eh gzi ;kbk

:'iBk dh fJe gqw[Zy ftF/Fsk ;h fe

wjKBroK ns/ fJfsjk;e wjZst tkb/

FfjoK bJh ]k; ftZsh stZi' fdsh rJh i'

gzithI gzi ;kbk :'iBk (1974-79) d"okB

th ikoh ojh. fJ; sfjs e'beksk, w[zpJh

ns/ u/BZJh tk;s/ @;zrfms Ffjoh ftek;

:'iBk# w[skpe oewK dh tzvkJh ehsh

rJh fi; ~ e[M j'o fJfsjk;e wjZst

tkb/ FfjoK bJh th wzfBnk frnk.

(http://planning commi ssion.nic.in/

plans/planrel/fiveyr/welcome. html) gzithIgzi ;kbk :'iBk se tZv/ FfjoK dh gqsZy

so\dkoh ehsh rJh, jkbKfe Ffjoh ns/

T[d:'fre fte/IdoheoB dh fpnkBpk}h

:'iBk do :'iBk d[jokJh iKdh ojh

(Fkn 1996L227).

S/thI gzi ;kbk :'iBk ftu S'N/ ns/

dofwnkB/ nkeko (1 bZy s'I xZN nkpkdh)

tkb/ e;p/ fte;s eoB dh b'V #s/ }'o

fdsk frnk. S'N/ ns/ dofwnkB/ e;fpnK

d/ ftek; dh ;zrfms :'iBk (nkJh n?;

vh n?w Nh) e/Ido ;oeko tb'I 1979 ftu

ikoh ehsh rJh. nkJh n?; vh n?w Nh

:'iBk bJh 96 eo'V o[gJ/ dh fBr{Dh

fijh okFh fdsh rJh fi; Bkb S'N/ ns/

dofwnkB/ brGr 200 e;fpnK ~ \kfJdk

gj[zukT[D dk Nhuk fwfEnk frnk (http://planning commission. gov. in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/index6. html).

;ZsthI gzi ;kbk :'iBk ;w/I e[M

wjZstg{oB ;z;Ekrs xNBkeqw j'J/ fiBQK

B/ Gkos ftu Ffjoh ftek; Bhsh ns/

:'iBkpzdh ~ fJe fdFk fdykJh. FfjoheoB

pko/ pD/ okFNoh nk:'r B/ nr;s

1988 ftu nkgDh fog'oN g/F ehsh ns/

65thI ;zftXkBe ;'X d/ Bkw Bkb ikfDnk

iKdk fpb 1989 ftu b'e ;Gk ftu g/F

ehsk frnk fi; ftu nk:'r dhnK f;\koFK

~ Fkfwb ehsk frnk ;h. fJj fpb

;EkBe ;oekoh ;GktK ~ ;zftXkfBe o[spk

d/D tZb gfjbh e'fFF ;h fi; dk T[d/F

fszB gVkth YKuk j'Id ftu fbnkT[Dk ;h

fi; ftu f;yo #s/ e/Ido, ftuekob/ gZXo

#s/ oki ;oekoK ns/ j/mK ;EkBe ;GktK

;B. go fJj fpb oki ;Gk ftu gk;

BjhI j' ;fenk feT[Ife fJ; ~ okiK dh

][dw[yfsnkoh ftu d]b wzfBnk frnk.

fJ; fpb ~ ;zftXkB dh 74thI ;'X d/ o{g

ftu, e[M spdhbhnK Bkb 1992 ftu

g/F ehsk frnk i' ;z;d d/ d'jK ;dBK

tb'I gk; j' e/ wkou 1993 ftu ek~B

d/ o{g ftu bkr{ j' frnk.

nZmthI :'iBk d"okB ftFkb FfjoK

dh :'iBk 1993-94 ftu F[o{ ehsh rJh

fi; ftu gzi wjKBroK, w[zpJh, e'beksk,

u/BZJh, pzrb"o ns/ j?dokpkd nkT[Id/

;B. nkJh n?; vh n?w Nh ;ehw th

fJ; dhnK p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ ftek;

:'iBktK dhnK ;orowhnK ftu ;[Xko

fbnkT[D bJh, skbw/b dh }o{os j? sK

fe tZv/ FfjoK s'I S'N/ FfjoK tZb gqtk;

tXkT[D bJh o[}rko g?dk eoB ~ T[sFkfjs

ehsk ik ;e/. S'N/ ns/ dofwnkB/ FfjoK

dh G{fwek g/Iv{ nzdo{Bh y/soK ftu ;[Xko

eoB bJh fte;s j' oj/ ftek; e/IdoK

tkbk fusftnk frnk ;h. tZv/ FfjoK d/

wk;No gbkB tKr jh fJj ;[Mkn fdsk

frnk fe y/soh :'iBk S'N/ ns/ dofwnkB/

FfjoK bJh th ekoro j' ;edh j?. fJj

th d/fynk frnk fe g?;/ dh xkN o[ektN

g?dk eodh j? ns/ g?;/ d/ ;o'sK dh,

piN ns/ ;z;Ekrs gqktXkBK s'I fJbktk,

Gkb ehsh ikDh ukjhdh j?. ((http://

planningcommission.nic.in/plans/

planrel/fiveyr/8th/vol2/8v2ch13.htm).

B"thI :'iBk (1997-2002) ftu fJj

w[Zdk ;kjwD/ nkfJnk fe Ffjoh ftek;

:'iBktK dhnK tZy-tZy J/iz;hnK ftukb/

skbw/b g?dk eoB bJh oki gZXoh

FfjoheoB oDBhsh T[bheh ikt/. Gkt/I fe

nZmthI :'iBk dhnK f}nkdkso :'iBktK

B"thI :'iBk ftu ikoh ojhnK, f}nkdk }'o

Ffjoh ;EkBe ;GktK d/ fte/IdoheoB s/

ftZsh ][dw[yfsnkoh #s/ fdsk frnk sK i'

pk}ko nkXkos d]b ;dek w[ekpb/pk}h


ns/ fBg[zBsk ~ T[sFkfjs ehsk ik ;e/.

gfjbhnK :'iBktK fit/I n?B nko nkJh, :{

ph n?; gh ns/ gh n?w nkJh :{ gh Jh

gh ~ fwbk fdsk frnk sK fe ;toB

i:zsh Ffjoh o[}rko :'iBk (n?; i/ n?;

nko tkJh) Bkw dh :'iBk 1 d;zpo

1997 s'I F[o{ ehsh ik ;e/l fJ; :'iBk

dhnK d' T[g-:'iBktK jB (1) Ffjoh

;t?-o[}rko :'iBk ns/ (2) Ffjoh w}d{oh

o[}rko :'iBk. w"i{dk n?B nko tkJh

ns/ gh n?w nkJh :{ th Jh gh :'iBktK

d/ ;t?-o[}rko ns/ w}d{oh o[}rko fjZf;nK

dk fJ; fJefjoh :'iBk sfjs w[V-rmB

ehsk frnk j?. j'o, n?B nko tkJh ns/

gh n?w nkJh :{ th Jh gh dh nk;ok

;[Xko tkb/ fjZf;nK ~ fJe eoe/ okFNoh

M[Zrh-M¯gVh ftek; gq'rokw Bkw dh BthI

:'iBk 1997 ftu bkr{ ehsh rJh (http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/9th/vol2/v2c2-2.htm). gofJj :'iBk 2005-06 d/ ftZsh ;kb s'I

pzd eo fdsh rJh j?. fJj ftuko eoBk

th pj[s d[ydkJh j? fe S'N/ ns/ dofwnkB/

FfjoK bJh pj[s xZN g?;k fdsk frnk.

fw;kb d/ s"o s/, nkJh vh n?; n?w Nh

:'iBk sfjs nZmthI :'iBk d/ nk]o se

904 Ffjo ns/ e;p/ nkT[Id/ ;B ns/

fJ; tk;s/ e/Ido tb'I ikoh ehsh rJh

;jkfJsk okFh f;o\ 283H96 eo'V o[gJ/

;h. (http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/9th/vol2/v2c2-2.htm). 2001 dh wodwF[wkoh w[skpe4500 nfij/ Ffjoh e/Ido ;B fiBQK ~

S'N/ ns/ dofwnkB/ FfjoK (3 bZy s'I

xZN) tkbh Fq/Dh ftu Fkfwb ehsk ik

;edk ;h. go oew Bk f;o\ p/jZd xZN

;h ;r'I fJ; Fq/Dh ftu S'N/ ns/ dofwnkB/

FfjoK d/ f;o\ gzit/I fjZ;/ ~ Fkfwb ehsk

frnk. nfij/ jkbks ftu fJBQK FfjoK

bJh ftek; e/Ido ti'I ezw eoBk, FfjoheoB

~ T[sFkj d/Dk ns/ d/F ftu y/soh

ftek; ~ T[sFkfjs eoBk ;zGt BjhI j?.

d;thI gzi ;kbk :'iBk (2002-2007)

ftu fJ; ~ ;thekfonk frnk fe

FfjoheoB B/ 1980ftnK ns/ 1990ftnK

ftu nkofEe T[dkoheoB d/ ubfdnK

nkofEe ftek; ~ rsh d/D ftu nfjw

G{fwek fBGkJh. fJj th d/fynk frnk fe

gzi u'Dt/I FfjoK bJh w?rk f;Nh gqki?eN,

S'N/ ns/ dofwnkB/ FfjoK bJh ;zrfms

ftek; :'iBk (nkJh vh n?; n?w Nh)

ns/ rshFhb Ffjoh gkDh g{osh :'iBk

ftu ;hws ;cbsk jh jZE bZrh j?. fJj

th d/fynk frnk fe fJBQK :'iBktK sfjs

y/so ns/ phs/ ftu e/Idoh ;jkfJsk Bk

f;o\ n;kthnK ;r'I Bkek\h ojhnK. fi;

dk ekoB gqfefonk ;zpzXh w[Zd/ ns/ ;hws

piN tzv ;h. p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ ftek;

bJh w"i{dk ;ehwK fit/I fe nkJh vh n?;

n?w Nh ns/ w?rk-f;Nh gqki?eN, e/Idoh

;jkfJsk dh nDj'Id eoe/, ek\h ;ko/

Ffjo nkgD/ dkfJo/ ftu Fkfwb eoB s'I

n;woE jB. d;thI :'iBk ftu fJj th

d/fynk frnk fe n?B n?; vh gh dh

ekor[}koh th s;Zbhp]F BjhI ojh fi;

dk w[Zy ekoB oki gZXo #s/ fJ; :'iBk ~

bkr{ eoB tkbhnK J/iz;hnK bJh okFh Bk

ikoh j'Dk j?. 2001-02 ftu tkbwheh-

nzp/veo nktk; :'iBk dk nkozG ehsk

frnk sK fe o?D p;/o/ pDkJ/ ikD ns/

w"i{dk o?D p;/fonK ~ rohph o/yk s'I

j/mK ofj oj/ b'eK bJh j'o mhe ehsk ik

;e/. Ffjo d/ nkeko #s/ nkXkos jo/e

fJekJh bJh 20 s'I 30 j}ko dofwnkB

;pf;vh th w[jZJhnk eotkJh rJh. fJ;

sZE ~ th ;theko ehsk frnk fe oki

Go ftu ezw eo ojhnk J/iz;hnK ns/

;GktK, fit/I fe ftek; gqkXheoB, ~

Ffjoh ;EkBe ;GktK Bkb fwbk e/ fJe

T[;ko{ G{fwek fBGkT[D dh b'V j? pikfJ

fe T[BQK ezwK ~ nkgD/ jZE ftu b?Dk i'

Ffjoh ;EkBe ;GktK d/ n]fsnko ftu

nkT[Id/ jB. e[Zb fwbk e/, d;thI :'iBk

ftu }'o fdsk frnk fe b'eszsfoe YKu/

~ w}p{s ehs/ fpBK ns/ Ffjoh ;EkBe

;GktK d/ ;z;Ekrs fBowkD dh nDj'Id

ftu Ffjoh ftek; dk Nhuk gqkgs BjhI

ehsk ik ;edk (http://planning commission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/10th/volume2/v2_ch6_1.pdf)

frnkoQthI gzi ;kbk :'iBk (2007-

12) ;w/I Ffjoh Bhsh ns/ :'iBktK ftu

e[M Bt/I gfotosB ehs/ rJ/. Ffjoh

ftek; dhnK gqw[Zy oDBhshnK j/m fby/

nB[;ko jB L

• ;woEk fBowkD ns/ p/jso ftshgqpzXB d[nkok Ffjoh ;EkBe ;GktK ~

w}p{s eoBk.

• fB:wB jNk e/ ns/ }whB dkftek; eoe/ FfjoK dh fBg[zBsk ns/

T[sgkdesk ~ tXkT[Dk.

• Ffjoh p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ wkwb/ftu iBse y/so dh fJ}ko/dkoh ysw

eoBk ns/ iBse y/so d/ fBt/F bJh

nB[e{b wkj"b f;oiDk.

• ][dw[yfsnko fB:we YKuk

pDkT[Dk sK fe iBse ns/ fBZih y/so d/

ezw #s/ B}o oZyh ik ;e/.

• rohph xZN eoBk.• seBhe ns/ y'i dk tZX s'I tZX

fJ;s/wkb eoBk.

Ffjoh ftek; oDBhshnK d/ g[Bo

ikroD bJh e/Ido ;oeko tb'I d;zpo

2005 ftu itkjobkb Bfjo{ nopB

fofBT{b fwFB :'iBk dh F[o{nks ehsh

rJh fi; dk w[Zy T[d/F F[o{nks ftu 63

FfjoK ftu Ffjoh p[fBnkdh YKuk ns/

;/tktK d/ ;w[Zu/ ftek; bJh fXnkB

e/Idofos eoBk ;h. fJ; dk w[Zy }'o

Ffjoh rohp t;'I ~ p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK

fit/I xo, gkDh, ;k\ ;\kJh, ;VeK, Ffjoh

nktkikJh, nzdob/$g[okD/ Ffjo dk ftek;

eotkT[D #s/ ;h. gfjbhnK :'iBktK

fit/I w?rk-f;Nh, nkJh vh n?; n?w Nh,


n?B n?; vh gh ns/ th J/ n?w ph J/

tkJh fJ; ftu fwbk fds/ rJ/.

i/ n?B n?B :{ nko n?w w[Zy s"o s/

d' tZv/ GkrK ftu tzfvnk j'fJnk j? L

(1) Ffjoh p[fBnkdh YKuk ns/ ;kXB

bJh T[g-fwFB (:{ nkJh ih) (2) 63

fwFB sfjs nkT[Id/ FfjoK d/ rohpK ~

w[YbhnK ;/tktK w[jZJhnk eotkT[DhnK.

fJ; fwFB s'I pkjo ofj rJ/ Ffjo

ns/ e;p/ Ffjoh p[fBnkdh YKuk ftek;

:'iBk - S'N/ ns/ dofwnkB/ doi/ d/

Ffjo (:{ nkJh vh n?; n?; n?w Nh)

:'iBk sfjs nkT[Id/ jB. ph n?; :{ gh

ns/ n?u nkJh n?; vh gh :'iBk ~ bkr{

eoB bJh wekB ns/ rohph jNkT[D

pko/ wzsokbk B'vb J/iz;h j? i' Ffjoh

rohpK, ]k; eoe/ M[Zrh-M¯gVh ftu ofjD

tkfbnK bJh wekB ns/ w[YbhnK ;j{bsK

gqdkB eodhnK jB. fJ; :'iBk sfjs

d{ihnK p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK fit/I ;k\-;\kJh,

gkDh, ;hto/i, m'; e{Vk-eoeN ~ u[ZeDk

nkfd th gqdkB ehshnk iKdhnK jB. d{i/

gk;/, Ffjoh ftek; wzsokbk i/ n?B n?B

:{ nko n?w sfjs nkT[D tkbhnK :{

nkJh ih ns/ :{ nkJh vh n?; n?; n?w

Nh gq'rokwK dh d/yGkb eodk j?.

i/ n?B n?B :{ nko n?w sfjs

jo/e Ffjo bJh Ffjoh ftek; :'iBk ns/

Ffjo d/ ftek; bJh bzw/ ;w/I dh :'iBk

dh gfoebgBk }o{oh ;h. fJ; w[skpe

Ffjoh ;[XkoK d/ okj ftu o'V/ nNekT[D

tkbhnK nB/e FosK fit/I }whB jZdpzdh

n?eN 1976 ~ ysw eoBk, Ffjoh ;EkBe

;GktK ~ skes d/Dh, ;woEk dk ftek;

ns/ fBrw d/ b/y/-i'y/ ~ bkr{ ehsk

frnk. fJ; sfjs gqki?eNK d/ ftek; ns/

ftZs w[jZJhnk eotkT[D bJh iBse-fBZih

GkJhtkbh bJh fBZih y/so ~ j[bkok d/D

dk th :sB ehsk frnk. frnkoQthI

:'iBk ftu n?; i/ n?; nko tkJh sfjs

o[}rko g?dk eoB ns/ rohph jNkT[D #s/

d[pkok }'o fdsk frnk fi; ftu ftF/F

stZi'I ebk d/ ftek;, ;t?-;jkfJsk ;w{jK

ns/ ;t?-o[}rko bJh bx{-ftZs tb fdsh

rJh. e/ob d/ @e[d[zp;qh# wkvb dh gj[zu

ns/ d/F d/ tZy-tZy GkrK ftu gqufbs

uzrhnk gqEktK$otkfJsK ~ th n?; i/ n?;

nko tkJh sfjs w[Bk;p sohe/ Bkb bkr{

eoBk ;[MkfJnk frnk (:'iBk nk:'r

2008).

frnkoQthI :'iBk d/ nZX/ ;w/I pko/

ehs/ w[ZbzeD ftu fJj wzfBnk frnk fe

Ffjoh ftek; ns/ Ffjoh BthBheoB bJh

i/ n?B n?B :{ nko n?w sfjs p/sjkFk

g?;k b'VhIdk j?. }o{os dk g?;k 3-4 bZy

eo'V o[gJ/ fBoXkos ehsk frnk id fe

i/ n?B n?B :{ nko n?w sfjs ;Zs ;kbK

d/ ;w/I bJh f;o\ 66000 j}ko eo'V

o[fgnk fdsk frnk, i/ n?B n?B :{ nko

n?w d/ 2005-2012 d/ ;w/I bJh.(http:/

/planningcommission.nic.in/plans/mta/

11th_mta/chapterwise/chap18_urban.pdf)

pkoQthI gzi ;kbk :'iBk ftu i/ n?B

n?B :{ nko n?w ~ ;[fdqVQ eoB ns/

Ffjoh ;[XkoK d/ gfog/y ftu fJ; dh tZvh

G{fwek dh ebgBk gq;skfts ehs/ rJ/.

pkoQthI :'iBk ;w/I i/ n?B n?B :{ nko

n?w d/ j/m fby/ w[Zy Gkr jB L

1H Ffjoh p[fBnkdh YKuk ns/ Fk;B

2H okiht nktk; :'iBk

3H okiht nktk; :'iBk s'I pkjo

ofj rJ/ FfjoK ftu M[Zrh-M¯gVhnK dh

w[V-;EkgBk

4H ;woZEk dk ftek;

fJj d/fynk frnk fe :'iBk d/

bkr{ eoB ftu nB/e o[ektNK ftu'I

Ffjoh :'iBkpzdh ~ w[ZyXkok ftu fbnkT[D

dh n;cbsk, nX{o/ ;[Xko ns/ gqki?eN

bkr{ eoB ftu wZmkgB, gqw[Zy jB.

:'iBktK bJh G{wh gqkgs eoB ftu d/oh,

ns/ tZy-tZy fB:we J/iz;hnK e'b'I ;thfeqsh

gqkgs eoB tor/ d{i/ ekoB wZmh ukb

bJh f}zw/tko jB. fJj d/fynk frnk fe

pj[s ;ko/ FfjoK ftu Ffjoh :'iBkpzdh

jkb/ F[o{ jh BjhI j'Jh, fJ; ~ w}p{s

eoB ns/ Gkrhdkoh tkbh pDkT[D dh

b'V j?. Ffjo d/ uko/ gk;/ ns/ Ffjo

dh jZd s'I pkjob/ y/so :'iBkpzdh s'I

pkjo ofj iKd/ jB i' f;o\ Ffjoh

ftek; :'iBkpzdh se f;wN e/ ofj iKdh

j?.

okiht nktk; :'iBk 2 i{B, 2011okiht nktk; :'iBk 2 i{B, 2011okiht nktk; :'iBk 2 i{B, 2011okiht nktk; :'iBk 2 i{B, 2011okiht nktk; :'iBk 2 i{B, 2011

~ nkozG ehsh rJh fi; dk~ nkozG ehsh rJh fi; dk~ nkozG ehsh rJh fi; dk~ nkozG ehsh rJh fi; dk~ nkozG ehsh rJh fi; dk

we;d w'joh gqki?eN sfjs d'we;d w'joh gqki?eN sfjs d'we;d w'joh gqki?eN sfjs d'we;d w'joh gqki?eN sfjs d'we;d w'joh gqki?eN sfjs d'

;kbK d/ ;w/I bJh Gkos ~ M[Zrh-;kbK d/ ;w/I bJh Gkos ~ M[Zrh-;kbK d/ ;w/I bJh Gkos ~ M[Zrh-;kbK d/ ;w/I bJh Gkos ~ M[Zrh-;kbK d/ ;w/I bJh Gkos ~ M[Zrh-

M¯gVh w[es eoBk ;h. e/ IdoM¯gVh w[es eoBk ;h. e/ IdoM¯gVh w[es eoBk ;h. e/ IdoM¯gVh w[es eoBk ;h. e/ IdoM¯gVh w[es eoBk ;h. e/ Ido

;oeko tb'I nk]o ~ 3 ;szpo;oeko tb'I nk]o ~ 3 ;szpo;oeko tb'I nk]o ~ 3 ;szpo;oeko tb'I nk]o ~ 3 ;szpo;oeko tb'I nk]o ~ 3 ;szpo

2013 ~ 2013-2022 d/ ;w/ I2013 ~ 2013-2022 d/ ;w/ I2013 ~ 2013-2022 d/ ;w/ I2013 ~ 2013-2022 d/ ;w/ I2013 ~ 2013-2022 d/ ;w/ I

bJh okiht nktk; :'iBk ~ johbJh okiht nktk; :'iBk ~ johbJh okiht nktk; :'iBk ~ johbJh okiht nktk; :'iBk ~ johbJh okiht nktk; :'iBk ~ joh

Mzvh fdsh rJh. fJ; :'iBk dkMzvh fdsh rJh. fJ; :'iBk dkMzvh fdsh rJh. fJ; :'iBk dkMzvh fdsh rJh. fJ; :'iBk dkMzvh fdsh rJh. fJ; :'iBk dk

w[Zy Nhuk oki ns/ ;EkBe ;oekoKw[Zy Nhuk oki ns/ ;EkBe ;oekoKw[Zy Nhuk oki ns/ ;EkBe ;oekoKw[Zy Nhuk oki ns/ ;EkBe ;oekoKw[Zy Nhuk oki ns/ ;EkBe ;oekoK

~ M[Zrh-M¯gVhnK ftu ;[Xko ns/~ M[Zrh-M¯gVhnK ftu ;[Xko ns/~ M[Zrh-M¯gVhnK ftu ;[Xko ns/~ M[Zrh-M¯gVhnK ftu ;[Xko ns/~ M[Zrh-M¯gVhnK ftu ;[Xko ns/

T[BQK d/ pkfFzfdnK ~ wkbekBkT[BQK d/ pkfFzfdnK ~ wkbekBkT[BQK d/ pkfFzfdnK ~ wkbekBkT[BQK d/ pkfFzfdnK ~ wkbekBkT[BQK d/ pkfFzfdnK ~ wkbekBk

jZe d/D, ebgBk ehs/ rJ/ ftek;jZe d/D, ebgBk ehs/ rJ/ ftek;jZe d/D, ebgBk ehs/ rJ/ ftek;jZe d/D, ebgBk ehs/ rJ/ ftek;jZe d/D, ebgBk ehs/ rJ/ ftek;

~ jk;b eoBk j? feT[Ife Gkos~ jk;b eoBk j? feT[Ife Gkos~ jk;b eoBk j? feT[Ife Gkos~ jk;b eoBk j? feT[Ife Gkos~ jk;b eoBk j? feT[Ife Gkos

dk s/}h Bkb FfjoheoB j' fojkdk s/}h Bkb FfjoheoB j' fojkdk s/}h Bkb FfjoheoB j' fojkdk s/}h Bkb FfjoheoB j' fojkdk s/}h Bkb FfjoheoB j' fojk

j? sK fe j'o M[Zrh-M¯gVhnK j'Idj? sK fe j'o M[Zrh-M¯gVhnK j'Idj? sK fe j'o M[Zrh-M¯gVhnK j'Idj? sK fe j'o M[Zrh-M¯gVhnK j'Idj? sK fe j'o M[Zrh-M¯gVhnK j'Id

ftu Bk nkT[D. fJj :'iBk Ffjoftu Bk nkT[D. fJj :'iBk Ffjoftu Bk nkT[D. fJj :'iBk Ffjoftu Bk nkT[D. fJj :'iBk Ffjoftu Bk nkT[D. fJj :'iBk Ffjo

ftubhnK ;kohnK M[ Zrh-M¯gVhnKftubhnK ;kohnK M[ Zrh-M¯gVhnKftubhnK ;kohnK M[ Zrh-M¯gVhnKftubhnK ;kohnK M[ Zrh-M¯gVhnKftubhnK ;kohnK M[ Zrh-M¯gVhnK

#s/ bkr{ j[ zdh ;h. Gkt/ I T[j#s/ bkr{ j[ zdh ;h. Gkt/ I T[j#s/ bkr{ j[ zdh ;h. Gkt/ I T[j#s/ bkr{ j[ zdh ;h. Gkt/ I T[j#s/ bkr{ j[ zdh ;h. Gkt/ I T[j

;{uhdoi j'D iK Bk (fJ; ftu;{uhdoi j'D iK Bk (fJ; ftu;{uhdoi j'D iK Bk (fJ; ftu;{uhdoi j'D iK Bk (fJ; ftu;{uhdoi j'D iK Bk (fJ; ftu

gSkD ehshnK ns/ wkBsk gqkgsgSkD ehshnK ns/ wkBsk gqkgsgSkD ehshnK ns/ wkBsk gqkgsgSkD ehshnK ns/ wkBsk gqkgsgSkD ehshnK ns/ wkBsk gqkgs

Fkfwb BjhI).Fkfwb BjhI).Fkfwb BjhI).Fkfwb BjhI).Fkfwb BjhI).

Gkt/I e/Ido ;oeko iK fJ; d/ T[geqwK,

;z;d d/ n?eN okjhI pDhnK y[dw[yfsnko

;z;EktK, oki ;oekoK iK fJ; d/ T[geqwK,

Ffjoh ;EkBe ;GktK, fe;/ fBZih J/iz;h iK

fBZih y/so dh }whB #s/ pDhnk j'D.

fJj :'iBk Ffjo d/ :'iBk y/so ftu g?Id/

Ffjoh fgzvK ns/ Ffjoh p/xfonK ns/

gNVh #s/ ofjD tkfbnK #s/ th bkr{ j[zdh


j? (http://mhupa.gov.in/ray/ray_ index.

htm). n?; i/ n?; nko tkJh sfjsFfjoh rohph ftu froktN ns/ o[}rko

g?dk eoB dhnK :'iBktK ftu ;[Xko

pkoQthI :'iBk ;w/I okFNoh Ffjoh o[}rko

fwFB sfjs gq;skfts ehsk frnk ;h.

fJ; dk w[Ybk }'o o[}rko g?dk eoB

tkb/ y/soK ftu ;woZEk ns/ ebk d/

ftek; tZb j't/rk sK fe Ffjoh rohpK ~

\kfJdk gj[zu ;e/.

wkjoK tb'I fJj th d/fynk frnk

fe ;zftXkB dh 74thI ;'X ~ nZX/ nX{o/

wB Bkb bkr{ ehsk frnk j? feT[Ife

;zftXkBe gqktXkBK w[skpe oki ;oekoK

tb'I Ffjoh ;EkBe ;GktK ~ g{oh soQK

;Fes BjhI ehsk frnk. d{i/ gk;/, tZy-

tZy :'iBktK f}nkdk ;cb BjhI j'JhnK

feT[Ife Ffjoh y/so fJefjo/ fB:zsqD ns/

wkbeh j/m BjhI nkT[Id/ ns/ ;EkBe gZXo

#s/ :'iBktK d/ skbw/b dh th xkN j?

(n?u gh Jh ;h 2011L23).

Ffjoh Fk;B ns/ :'iBkpzdh LFfjoh Fk;B ns/ :'iBkpzdh LFfjoh Fk;B ns/ :'iBkpzdh LFfjoh Fk;B ns/ :'iBkpzdh LFfjoh Fk;B ns/ :'iBkpzdh L

nrb/o/ edwnrb/o/ edwnrb/o/ edwnrb/o/ edwnrb/o/ edw

Gkos dh :'iBkpzdh gqfefonk

e/Idohfeqs, T[s'I j/mK se ns/ y/so nkXkos

j?. fJj ;kok e[ZM Ffjoh :'iBkpzdh d/

wkwb/ ftu th ;Zu j? fi; ftu f}nkdk

}'o Ffjoh wekB T[;koh, gkDh dh g{osh,

;k\-;\kJh, M[Zrh-M¯gVhnK dh jkbks ftu

;[Xko, Ffjoh p[fBnkdh YKuk, w?rk-f;Nh

ns/ S'N/ s/ dofwnkB/ FfjoK nkfd #s/

fdsk frnk j?. Gkt/I fe Ffjoh ftek;

oki Bkb ;zpzfXs ftFk j?, sK th ;zrfms

Ffjoh ftek; oDBhsh ns/ :'iBkpzdh d/

wkwb/ ftu oki ;oekoK e'b eoB bJh

f}nkdk r[zikfJF BjhI j?. oki d/ :'iBk

nk:'r$p'ov gfjbK jh oki Ffjoh ftek;

:'iBktK g/F eo u[Ze/ jB ns/ pj[s/

Gkos d/ :'iBk nk:'r #s/ fBoGo jB

fi; ~ ftukoeK d/ ;w{j th fejk iKdk

j?.

d{i/ gk;/, Ffjoh ftek; fJe nfsd{i/ gk;/, Ffjoh ftek; fJe nfsd{i/ gk;/, Ffjoh ftek; fJe nfsd{i/ gk;/, Ffjoh ftek; fJe nfsd{i/ gk;/, Ffjoh ftek; fJe nfs

wjZstg{oB w[Zdk j? feT[Ife FfjohwjZstg{oB w[Zdk j? feT[Ife FfjohwjZstg{oB w[Zdk j? feT[Ife FfjohwjZstg{oB w[Zdk j? feT[Ife FfjohwjZstg{oB w[Zdk j? feT[Ife Ffjoh

y/so brksko p[fBnkdh ;j{bsKy/so brksko p[fBnkdh ;j{bsKy/so brksko p[fBnkdh ;j{bsKy/so brksko p[fBnkdh ;j{bsKy/so brksko p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK

fit/ I fpibh, ghD tkbk gkDh,fit/ I fpibh, ghD tkbk gkDh,fit/ I fpibh, ghD tkbk gkDh,fit/ I fpibh, ghD tkbk gkDh,fit/ I fpibh, ghD tkbk gkDh,

;k\-;\kJh ns/ o;'Jh r?; dh;k\-;\kJh ns/ o;'Jh r?; dh;k\-;\kJh ns/ o;'Jh r?; dh;k\-;\kJh ns/ o;'Jh r?; dh;k\-;\kJh ns/ o;'Jh r?; dh

T[gbpXsk d/ dpkn ftu ofjzd/T[gbpXsk d/ dpkn ftu ofjzd/T[gbpXsk d/ dpkn ftu ofjzd/T[gbpXsk d/ dpkn ftu ofjzd/T[gbpXsk d/ dpkn ftu ofjzd/

jB. ;VeK #s/ GhV, nktkikJh,jB. ;VeK #s/ GhV, nktkikJh,jB. ;VeK #s/ GhV, nktkikJh,jB. ;VeK #s/ GhV, nktkikJh,jB. ;VeK #s/ GhV, nktkikJh,

jtk ns/ ib gqd{FB, e{Vk-eoeNjtk ns/ ib gqd{FB, e{Vk-eoeNjtk ns/ ib gqd{FB, e{Vk-eoeNjtk ns/ ib gqd{FB, e{Vk-eoeNjtk ns/ ib gqd{FB, e{Vk-eoeN

~ fpb/ bkT[Dk ns/ nwB ek~B~ fpb/ bkT[Dk ns/ nwB ek~B~ fpb/ bkT[Dk ns/ nwB ek~B~ fpb/ bkT[Dk ns/ nwB ek~B~ fpb/ bkT[Dk ns/ nwB ek~B

Ffjoh Fk;B bJh fuzsk d/ d{;o/Ffjoh Fk;B bJh fuzsk d/ d{;o/Ffjoh Fk;B bJh fuzsk d/ d{;o/Ffjoh Fk;B bJh fuzsk d/ d{;o/Ffjoh Fk;B bJh fuzsk d/ d{;o/

ftF/ jB. Ffjoh :'iBkpzdh FfjohftF/ jB. Ffjoh :'iBkpzdh FfjohftF/ jB. Ffjoh :'iBkpzdh FfjohftF/ jB. Ffjoh :'iBkpzdh FfjohftF/ jB. Ffjoh :'iBkpzdh Ffjoh

;EkBe ;GktK tb'I ehsh ikDh;EkBe ;GktK tb'I ehsh ikDh;EkBe ;GktK tb'I ehsh ikDh;EkBe ;GktK tb'I ehsh ikDh;EkBe ;GktK tb'I ehsh ikDh

ukjhdh j? fi; ftu Bro fBrwukjhdh j? fi; ftu Bro fBrwukjhdh j? fi; ftu Bro fBrwukjhdh j? fi; ftu Bro fBrwukjhdh j? fi; ftu Bro fBrw

ns/ Bro gzukfJsK th Fkfwbns/ Bro gzukfJsK th Fkfwbns/ Bro gzukfJsK th Fkfwbns/ Bro gzukfJsK th Fkfwbns/ Bro gzukfJsK th Fkfwb

jB fiBQK ~ nkw s"o s/ FfjohjB fiBQK ~ nkw s"o s/ FfjohjB fiBQK ~ nkw s"o s/ FfjohjB fiBQK ~ nkw s"o s/ FfjohjB fiBQK ~ nkw s"o s/ Ffjoh

;EkBe ;GktK nkfynk iKdk j?.;EkBe ;GktK nkfynk iKdk j?.;EkBe ;GktK nkfynk iKdk j?.;EkBe ;GktK nkfynk iKdk j?.;EkBe ;GktK nkfynk iKdk j?.

oki ;oekoK fJBQK dh ;jkfJskoki ;oekoK fJBQK dh ;jkfJskoki ;oekoK fJBQK dh ;jkfJskoki ;oekoK fJBQK dh ;jkfJskoki ;oekoK fJBQK dh ;jkfJsk

eodhnK jB. Ffjoh ;EkBeeodhnK jB. Ffjoh ;EkBeeodhnK jB. Ffjoh ;EkBeeodhnK jB. Ffjoh ;EkBeeodhnK jB. Ffjoh ;EkBe

;GktK ~ ezwK, ftZsh ;o's ns/;GktK ~ ezwK, ftZsh ;o's ns/;GktK ~ ezwK, ftZsh ;o's ns/;GktK ~ ezwK, ftZsh ;o's ns/;GktK ~ ezwK, ftZsh ;o's ns/

][dw[yfsnkoh d/ e/ w}p{sh gqdkB][dw[yfsnkoh d/ e/ w}p{sh gqdkB][dw[yfsnkoh d/ e/ w}p{sh gqdkB][dw[yfsnkoh d/ e/ w}p{sh gqdkB][dw[yfsnkoh d/ e/ w}p{sh gqdkB

eoBh ukjhdh j?. Ffjoh ;EkBeeoBh ukjhdh j?. Ffjoh ;EkBeeoBh ukjhdh j?. Ffjoh ;EkBeeoBh ukjhdh j?. Ffjoh ;EkBeeoBh ukjhdh j?. Ffjoh ;EkBe

;GktK dh gqFk;fBe, gqpzXeh ns/;GktK dh gqFk;fBe, gqpzXeh ns/;GktK dh gqFk;fBe, gqpzXeh ns/;GktK dh gqFk;fBe, gqpzXeh ns/;GktK dh gqFk;fBe, gqpzXeh ns/

seBheh ;woEk th tXkJ/ ikDseBheh ;woEk th tXkJ/ ikDseBheh ;woEk th tXkJ/ ikDseBheh ;woEk th tXkJ/ ikDseBheh ;woEk th tXkJ/ ikD

dh b'V j?. fJj ;gZFN s"o s/dh b'V j?. fJj ;gZFN s"o s/dh b'V j?. fJj ;gZFN s"o s/dh b'V j?. fJj ;gZFN s"o s/dh b'V j?. fJj ;gZFN s"o s/

wzB b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe FfjohwzB b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe FfjohwzB b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe FfjohwzB b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe FfjohwzB b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe Ffjoh

:'iBkpzdh ~ Ffjoh Fk;B Bkb'I:'iBkpzdh ~ Ffjoh Fk;B Bkb'I:'iBkpzdh ~ Ffjoh Fk;B Bkb'I:'iBkpzdh ~ Ffjoh Fk;B Bkb'I:'iBkpzdh ~ Ffjoh Fk;B Bkb'I

fBy/fVnk BjhI ik ;edk.fBy/fVnk BjhI ik ;edk.fBy/fVnk BjhI ik ;edk.fBy/fVnk BjhI ik ;edk.fBy/fVnk BjhI ik ;edk.

ftFkb Ffjoh ;w{jK, i' nB/e fBrw

;GktK se c?b/ j'J/ jB ns/ fgzvK dhnK

i{jK se g[Zi u[Ze/ jB, fJBQK dh :'iBkpzdh

dh f}zw/tkoh ;zftXkB dh 74thI ;'X w[skpe

wjKBroh :'iBk ew/NhnK ~ b?Dh ukjhdh

j?. Gkos d/ p[js/ FfjoK ftu gqGkth

Ffjoh :'iBkpzdh dh rzGho ewh j?.

pj[s ;ko/ tZv/ FfjoK bJh pDkJhnK

:'iBktK t/bk ftjk u[ZehnK jB ns/

Ffjoh t;BheK ns/ ]k; eoe/ Ffjoh

rohpK d/ s"yfbnK dk jZb eodhnK B}o

BjhI nkT[IdhnK. fiE/ :'iBktK ftu ;[Xko

ehsk ik fojk j? iK BthnK pDkJhnK ik

ojhnK jB, sK fJj th ;bkjekoK ns/

seBheh wkjoK d[nkok pDkJhnk ik ojhnK

jB. ;jh noEK ftu :'iBkpzdh ftu

Ffjoh t;BheK ~ th Fkfwb eoBk ukjhdk

j? sK fe T[BQK dhnK b'VK ns/ s"yfbnK

~ ;wfMnk ik ;e/, fJj Gkrhdkoh tkbk

ns/ fte/Idohfeqs j'Dk ukjhdk j?. ;zftXkB

dh 74thI ;'X d/ nB[;ko Ffjoh ;EkBe

;GktK d/ b'eszsoheoB ns/ T[BQK ~

skes d/D dh th b'V j?. Ffjo d/

w/no ~ FeshnK ns/ ekoiK d/ wkwb/

ftu f}zw/tko pDkfJnk ikDk ukjhdk j?.

ftFt d/ pj[s ;ko/ tZv/ FfjoK d/ Fk;B

dh ;wZf;nk ~ u[Dh j'Jh ;EkBe ;oeko

d/ rmB Bkb jZb ehsk frnk j? fi; dk

w[Zyh w/no j[zdk j?. fw;kb d/ s"o s/,

bzdB ns/ fBT{:koe d/ w/no nkgD/

nkgD/ FfjoK d/ oDBhsh Fk;B bJh f;ZX/

itkpd/j jB ns/ T[BQK e'b ek\h ;z;kXB

ns/ okiBhse skesK th jB. id fe

Ffjoh ;GktK e'b skes ns/ ;z;kXB

BjhI jB, oki gZXoh fJekJhnK fit/I Ffjoh

ftek; gqkXheoB B/ n;b ftu Ffjo ~

nkgD/ j/m eo fbnk j? fi; Bkb }whB

ikfJdkd ns/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ ~ j[bkok

fwfbnk j?. d{i/ gk;/, p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK

fit/I gkDh, ;k\-;\kJh, f;Zfynk, f;js

ns/ o?D p;/o/ nkfd nDr"b/ ofj rJ/.

feT[Ife Ffjoh ftek; okiK Bkb ;zpzfXs

w[Zdk j?, oki ;oekoK ~ FfjoK dh G{fwek

~ ;wMDk ukjhdk j? ns/ Ffjoh ;[XkoK

dh F[o{nks eoBh ukjhdh j? sK fe

gqFk;fBe ns/ ftZsh wkwfbnK ftu ;EkBe

;GktK ~ skes fdsh ik ;e/. ;k~

FfjoK dh wB[Zyh ftek; d/ w'joh ti'I

gfoebgBk eoBh ukjhdk j? Bk fe e[ZM

fJe jZEK ftu g{zih d/ iwktV/ ~.

(b/ye gq'c?;o ns/ w[yh, gotk; ns/ Ffjoh

y'i ftGkr, fJzNoB?FBb fJz;NhfuT{N cko

gkg{b/FB ;kfJz;}, w[zpJh j?.)

e-mail :[email protected]


iht nktk; :'iBk sfjs ;zebg

eoB ns/ ;zukbB eoB ftu

pj[s tZvk yZgk j?, i' e/Ido ;oeko dk

Ffjoh Gkos ~ M[Zrh-M¯gVh w[es eoB

dh fdqFNh tkbh fJe gqw[Zy :'iBk j?.

fJ; B/ tZy-tZy torK ftu tZy-tZy T[whdK

irk fdshnK jB. rohp ns/ p/xo, i'

nk}kdh s'I b? e/ nkgDk S'Nk-w'Nk nkfFnkBk

j'D dk ;[gBk gkbd/ nk oj/ jB, j[D

nk; eod/ jB fe okiht nktk; :'iBk

fJ; ~ jehes ftu pdb d/t/rh. }whB

ikfJdkd dk eko'pko eoB tkbh fJe fXo

j?, i' v/Y djkek gfjbK s"yb/ ftu ;h

fe wekBK tkbk r[pkok cN ikt/rk, fJ;

:'iBk sfjs fJ; y/so ftu tZvhnK S'NK

ns/ gq's;kjB nkT[Id/ t/y oj/ ;B. fJ;

soQK p?IeK wekB T[;koh bJh eo}/ dk

\kfJdk d/ e/ nkgDh soZeh dhnK tZvhnK

;zGktBktK sbkF oj/ ;B.

Gkos ~ M[Zrh-M¯gVh w[es d/yD dh

fdqFNh #s/ ;G s'I f}nkdk w'fjs

Ffjoh wZX tor ns/ ftfFFN tor

;B. T[j ;[y dk ;kj b? oj/ ;B

fe T[BQK d/ FfjoK ftu'I nwB ek~B,

rzdrh ns/ ;k\-;\kJh dhnK ;wZf;nktK

dk ykswk j' ikt/rk, i' nkw s"o s/

M[Zrh-MgVh tkfbnK eoe/ g?dk j[zdhnK

jB. T[BQK dk fJ; Bkb e'Jh ;o'eko

BjhI ;h fe nfijk T[BQK ~ T[E'I

ipod;sh jNkT[D iK fco T[BQK dhnK

M[ZrhnK dh jkbs ;[Xko e/ j't/rk.

okiht nktk; :'iBk dk YKukokiht nktk; :'iBk dk YKukokiht nktk; :'iBk dk YKukokiht nktk; :'iBk dk YKukokiht nktk; :'iBk dk YKuk

ns/ ;zukbBns/ ;zukbBns/ ;zukbBns/ ;zukbBns/ ;zukbB

okiht nktk; :'iBk dh ;wZroh

ns/ fB:wK dk ftfFFN FfjoheoB dh

gZXsh d/ ;zdoG ftu w[ZbzeD eoB dh

b'V j? i' d/F ftu fgSb/ xZN'-xZN fszB

djkfenK s'I uZb fojk j?. itkjo bkb

Bfjo{ Ffjoh BthBheoB fwFB fJe gqGkth

;zdoG fpzd{, n;b ftu okiht nktk;

:'iBk d/ F[o{nksh fpzd{ ti'I ezw eodk

j?. okiht nktk; :'iBk dk ;zebgheoB

FfjoK dk ;wkoN ns/ ftFt gZXo #s/

w[ekpb/ tkb/ pDkT[D dh wzr d/ ;zdoG

ftu w[ZbzeD ehs/ ikD dh b'V j?. ]k;

eoe/, FfjoK ftu fJ; fwFB bJh }whB

dh T[gbpXsk, M[Zrh-M¯gVhnK dh ;[oZfynk

M[Zrh-MgVh tkfbnK dh :'rsk ns/ r[zikfJzF

d/ ;zdoG ftu, okiht nktk; :'iBk d/

YKu/ dk w[ZbzeD eoBk nfjw j't/rk (e[zv{

2012). fJBQK uko/ w[ZfdnK dk itkjo

bkb Bfjo{ Ffjoh BthBheoB fwFB tkb/

FfjoK d/ G{r'fbe ftek; ns/ T[; ftu

rohpK d/ fjZ;/ #s/ f;ZXk n;o j't/rk i'

FfjoK d/ nkofEe ;wkt/F ns/ fBg[zBsk

dk Mbekok j't/rk, fi; pko/ j/mK uouk

ehsh ik ojh j?.

}whB dh gqkgsh ns/ ;[oZfynk}whB dh gqkgsh ns/ ;[oZfynk}whB dh gqkgsh ns/ ;[oZfynk}whB dh gqkgsh ns/ ;[oZfynk}whB dh gqkgsh ns/ ;[oZfynk

okiht nktk; :'iBk ftu ;G s'I

rzGho w[Zdk bkr{ eoB tkbh J/iz;h ~

w[\s }whB w[jZJhnk eotkT[Dk j?. i/

e'Jh oki iK Ffjo fJ; :'iBk bJh }whB

w[jZJhnk BjhI eotk ;edk, T[; ~

e/Ido ;oeko e'b'I g?;/ wzrD dk nfXeko

BjhI. ;', w[Zdk fJj j? fe e'Jh ;EkBe

;Gk fpBK bkrs d/ }whB gqkgs eoe/

fet/I w[jZJhnk eotk ;edh j?. e'Jh th

nzdk}k bk ;edk j? fe M[Zrh-M¯gVh

tkb/, i' Ffjoh t;'I dk 18-20 gqfsFs

j[zd/ jB, f;o\ 3-4 gqfsFs Ffjoh }whB

#s/ ekp} jB ns/ fJzBh e[ }whB jk;b

eoBk e'Jh w[Ffeb ezw BjhI. fJE/ fJj

dZ;Dk wjZstg{oB j't/rk fe f}nkdkso

M[ZrhnK Ffjo d/ e/Idoh y/soK ftu ;fEs

jB fiE/ }whB dhnK ehwsK pj[s T[uhnK

jB ns/ fJ; G{-Gkr ~ jfEnkT[D Bjh

seV/ fBfjs ;tkoEh sZs fsnko p?m/ j[zd/

jB.

fJ; Bkb ;zpzfXs ;tkb }whB dh

;[oZfynk dk j?. j[D, okiht nktk; :'iBk

dk fdFk fBod/F dk;skt/} efjzdk j? fe

75 gqfsFs M[ZrhnK tkbh }whB ~ ;[oZfyns

wzfBnk ikt/ ns/ |?o ;[oZfyns M[Zrh

y/soK ftu fJj 25 gqfsFs s'I tZX BjhI

j'Dh ukjhdh - xoK ~ fes/ ;Ekfgs

eoBk gt/rk. i/ n;b ftu 70 s'I 75

gqfsFs M[ZrhnK tkbh }whB ~ ;[oZfyns

wzB fbnk ikt/ sK d{finK tk;s/ irj

bZGD ftu e'Jh w[Ffeb BjhI j'Dh ukjhdh

feT[Ife T[j ;EkB ftek; MZ[rhnK ftu

;[Xko eoB dk gqw[Zy sohek j't/rk. pkeh

pud/ 25 gqfsFs M[Zrh tk;hnK bJh

}whB bZGDk n"yk BjhI j't/rk feT[Ife


M[Zrh-M¯gVhM[Zrh-M¯gVhM[Zrh-M¯gVhM[Zrh-M¯gVhM[Zrh-M¯gVh w[esw[esw[esw[esw[es GkosGkosGkosGkosGkos bJh fJe gfog/ybJh fJe gfog/ybJh fJe gfog/ybJh fJe gfog/ybJh fJe gfog/y

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okokokokok


T[BQK ftu'I pj[fsnK ~ ;[oZfyns n?bkBh

rJh 75 gqfsFs M[ZrhnK tkbh }whB #s/

t;kfJnk ik ;e/rk.

n;b ftu, jehes fpbe[b tZyoh

j?. Ffjo iK oki gZXo #s/, fi; fe;/ th

ftGkr dh }whB #s/ BikfJ} ep}k j'fJnk

j't/, T[j ed/ th nkgDh }whB ~ ;[oZfyns

BjhI n?bkBD d/t/rk. T[j M[Zrh tkfbnK

e'b'I }whB tkg; b? e/ nkgDh tos'I

bJh iK wkbhnk g?dk eoB bJh tosDk

ukj[zDr/. gqEk nB[;ko, id'I fe;/ Ffjo d/

wk;No gkbkB ftu fe;/ }whB dh tos'I

dh ftnkfynk Bk ehsh rJh j't/ T[;

}whB d/ N[eV/ dk e'Jh wkbe Bk j't/,

sK fJ; ~ ;[oZfyns wzfBnk iKdk j?.

pj[s ;ko/ Ffjo, i' okFNoh ns/ ftFt

gZXo s'I g{zih ~ nkeofFs eoBk ukj[zd/

jB, T[j ;[oZfynk d/ w[Zd/ ~ w[Bk\/ dh

fdqFNh s'I t/yd/ jB. T[j }whB dh

ehws t/y e/ T[; dh ;[oZfynk pko/ \?;bk

eod/ jB, ns/ Ffjo ftubh iK fJ; dh

pkjoh ;hwk s'I f;o\ T[;/ }whB ~

;[oZfyns n?bkBd/ jB i' xZN ehws tkbh

j't/.

}whB dh xkN ns/ ;[oZfynk dhnK

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FfjoK ftu okiht nktk; :'iBk ~ bkr{

jh BjhI j'D fdsk. fJjh jkb itkjo

bkb Bfjo{ Ffjoh BthBheoB fwFB dk

;h. f}nkdkso wkwfbnK ftu ;EkBe

;z;EktK, fiBQK ftu Bro tk;hnK dhnK

;GktK th Fkfwb ;B, B/ fJ; fwFB bJh

T[BQK dhnK }whBK Bk gqkgs eoB dk

dpkn pDkfJnk. fJ; d/ bJh T[BQK B/

;[oZfynk dh wd dk jtkbk fdsk. f}ndkso

wkwfbnK ftu f}bQk nwb eoB tkbk

ftGkr iK f}bQk gZXo d/ nfXekoh ;[oZfynk

d/ w[Zd/ jZb eoB s'I n;woE j[zd/ jB

fi; dk w[Zy ekoB j/mb/ gZXo #s/ skesto

fBfjs ;tkoE sZsK dh w"i{drh j[zdh j?.

okFNoh ;bkjeko ;fwsh tb'I ;bkj fdsh

rJh fe ;[oZfynk ;zpzXh w[Zd/ ;[bMkT[D

bJh f}bQk nfXekoh iK eb?eNo w[yh j'Dk

ukjhdk j?. eb?eNo bJh nfijk eoBk

n;zGt j't/rk id'I se e/Ido ns/ oki

;oekoK tb'I ;gZFN fdFk fBod/F gqkgs

Bk j'D fi; ftu ;[oZfynk d/ wkgdzv ns/

t/ot/ dh ;gZFN ftnkfynk ehsh j't/.

okFNoh ;?Igb ;ot/ s'I M[ZrhnK pko/ gqkgs

nzefVnK d/ nkXko #s/, fJBQK dhnK

ftF/FsktK w[skpe tor tzv ehsh ik

;edh j?. okFNoh ;?Igb ;ot/ d/ nkT[D

tkb/ ;ot/ ftu e[M M[ZrhnK dhnK e[M

gqw[Zy ftF/FsktK ~ Fkfwb ehsk ik ;edk

j? sK i' f}nkdk pkoheh Bkb fJBQK dh

gSkD ehsh ik ;e/. fJBQK nzefVnK d/

nkXko #s/, fJj dbhb d/Dh ;zGt j't/rh

fe e[ZM okiK, fw;kb bJh wjKokFNo,

ftu n";sB 70 gqfsFs se M[ZrhnK

;[oZfyns jB. fJ; Bkb wjKokFNo ftub/

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;[oZfyns Bk n?bkBDk }o{oh j' ikt/rk.

fJj nzeV/ FfjoK bJh 65 gqfsFs j'

;ed/ jB, go d{finK bJh 75 s'I 80

gqfsFs d/ ftueko j'Dr/. feT[Ife nfij/

fB:wK dk e/Idoh iK oki gZXo #s/ t/otk

BjhI fdsk frnk, ;EkBe gqFk;B 25 s'I

30 gqfsFs M[Zrh y/so ~ ;[oZfyns n?bkB

e/ nkgDh ikB S[vk iKdk j?. id'I ;gZFN

fdFk fBod/F okjhI e/Ido ns/ oki ;oekoK

;[oZfynk dh fJe ;gZFN gfoGkFk dk

n?bkB BjhI eodhnK, ;EkBe gZXo #s/

fJj w;bk jZb BjhI j't/rk ns/ fJ; d/

;kjwD/ ek~Bh nVuDk nkT[DrhnK. go,

id'I fJj \?;bk eo fbnk frnk fe fe;/

oki ftu 75 gqfsFs M[ZrhnK ;[oZfyns

jB sK ;EkBe gqFk;B d[nkok g?;/ ewkT[D

bJh f}nkdk }whB jVZgDk w[Ffeb j'

ikt/rk. j'o, fJj ;k\ eo d/Dk ukjhdk

j? fe fJj ;[oZfynk y/so fBZih T[;koh

eoB tkfbnK ~ tgko fjs BjhI fds/ ik

;ed/.

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}whB dh gqkgsh ns/ ;[oZfynk ;zpzXh

;tkb g{osh dhnK ;wZf;nktK Bkb ;zpzX

oZyd/ jB id fe wzr gZy ftu xoK dh

jZedkoh fBoXkos eoBk ns/ T[BQK dh

r[zikfJF d/ w[Zd/ jB. n;b ftu, okiht

nktk; :'iBk ~ ;zukbs eoB ftu ;;s/

xoK dh gksosk fttkd dk fJe gqw[Zy

w[Zdk j?. fe;/ M[Zrh y/so ftu, e'Jh

fet/I \?;bk eo/rk fe fe; ~ }whB d/

wkbekBk jZe ns/ wekB fdsk ikt/.

pj[s ;kohnK f;tb ;';kfJNh ;GktK dbhb

fdzdhnK jB fe f;o\ M[Zrh y/so ftu

ofjD ~ :'rsk wzBD d/ f;XKs ~ ]sw

eoBk ukjhdk j?. ;ko/ ikDd/ jB fe

skesto }whB wkchnk M[Zrh y/soK ftu

;orow j[zdk j? ns/ T[j M[ZrhnK tkbh

}whB jfEnkT[D bJh Bebh dknt/dko

yVQ/ eo ;edk j?. fJ; bJh, nfXekos

xoK dh gSkD eoB dk f;XKs ;gZFN

j'Dk nfjw j?. i/ fJj fe;/ ;oekoh

ftGkr ~ ;¯fgnk ikt/ sK T[j }o{o jh

jZedkoh ;Ekgs eoB bJh t'No ekov,

okFB ekov, nkXko ekov nkfd ~ }o{oh

d;skt/}K ti'I wkBsk d/t/rk fi; Bkb

fJ; fwFB dk w[Ybk wzst jh ysw j'

ikt/rk feT[Ife pj[s ;ko/ M[Zrh t;Bhe

djkfenK pZXh T[E/ ofjD d/ pkti{d fJj

d;skt/} jk;b eoB ftu Bkekw oj/

jB.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu ;';kfJNh cko

gq'wFB nk\ J/ohnk fo;'o;} ;?INo} tb'I

1990ftnK d/ nyho ftu Fbkxk:'r ezw

ehsk frnk ;h. fJ; bJh T[; tb'I

wjKokFNo ;oeko ns/ w[zpJh Bro fBrw

Bkb ;fj:'r ehsk frnk. T[BQK B/ ;KM/

s"o s/ 16-17 d;skt/}K dh fJe ;{uh

fsnko ehsh fi; ftu fe;/ gs/ #s/ gqkgs

j'fJnk gZso, }whB spdhbh d/ ek|}ks,

vkeNoh fpZb fiBQK #s/ gsk fbfynk j't/

nkfd ~ fJe :'r ;p{s ti'I ftukoB dh


rZb ehsh rJh ;h. fJBQK ftu'I fe;/ d/

th Bk j'D #s/, i/ 20 xoK d/ ftnesh

fJe ;w{fje w[bkeks ftu fJj gqwkfDs

eo d/D fe cbkDk ftnesh fJe ]k;

;w/I s'I fJ; irj #s/ fBtk; eo fojk j?

sK T[; ~ th ;p{s d/ s"o s/ wzB fbnk

ikt/rk. fJj ;kok e[M fJe ;ot/yD

okjhI ehsk frnk fi; ftu fBrw ;Gk,

oki ;oeko d/ nfXekoh, f;tb ;';kfJNh

;GktK ns/ ;w[dkfJnK B/ Gkr fbnk.

u"jK ftGkrK d/ gqfsfBXhnK tb'I, }whB d/

jZe w[Bk;p xoK ~ d/D d/ gqwkD gZso

#s/ j;skyo ehs/ rJ/.

fJ; ;ot/yD d/ ;zukbB bJhfJ; ;ot/yD d/ ;zukbB bJhfJ; ;ot/yD d/ ;zukbB bJhfJ; ;ot/yD d/ ;zukbB bJhfJ; ;ot/yD d/ ;zukbB bJh

Ffjo ftu M[Zrh-M¯gVh fBtk;h dhFfjo ftu M[Zrh-M¯gVh fBtk;h dhFfjo ftu M[Zrh-M¯gVh fBtk;h dhFfjo ftu M[Zrh-M¯gVh fBtk;h dhFfjo ftu M[Zrh-M¯gVh fBtk;h dh

nkwd dh fJe skohy fBoXkosnkwd dh fJe skohy fBoXkosnkwd dh fJe skohy fBoXkosnkwd dh fJe skohy fBoXkosnkwd dh fJe skohy fBoXkos

eoBh gt/rh, Gkt/I fe fJ; ~eoBh gt/rh, Gkt/I fe fJ; ~eoBh gt/rh, Gkt/I fe fJ; ~eoBh gt/rh, Gkt/I fe fJ; ~eoBh gt/rh, Gkt/I fe fJ; ~

fJe tkoh jh ;hws Bk ehskfJe tkoh jh ;hws Bk ehskfJe tkoh jh ;hws Bk ehskfJe tkoh jh ;hws Bk ehskfJe tkoh jh ;hws Bk ehsk

ikt/. nfij/ ;ot/yD dh gqfefonkikt/. nfij/ ;ot/yD dh gqfefonkikt/. nfij/ ;ot/yD dh gqfefonkikt/. nfij/ ;ot/yD dh gqfefonkikt/. nfij/ ;ot/yD dh gqfefonk

o;wh go Gkrhdkoh tkbh j'Dho;wh go Gkrhdkoh tkbh j'Dho;wh go Gkrhdkoh tkbh j'Dho;wh go Gkrhdkoh tkbh j'Dho;wh go Gkrhdkoh tkbh j'Dh

ukjhdh j? fi; ftu d;skt/}Kukjhdh j? fi; ftu d;skt/}Kukjhdh j? fi; ftu d;skt/}Kukjhdh j? fi; ftu d;skt/}Kukjhdh j? fi; ftu d;skt/}K

dh }o{os ns/ gqfeonktK pko/dh }o{os ns/ gqfeonktK pko/dh }o{os ns/ gqfeonktK pko/dh }o{os ns/ gqfeonktK pko/dh }o{os ns/ gqfeonktK pko/

E'VQh pj[s bue j't/. ;G s'IE'VQh pj[s bue j't/. ;G s'IE'VQh pj[s bue j't/. ;G s'IE'VQh pj[s bue j't/. ;G s'IE'VQh pj[s bue j't/. ;G s'I

f}nkdk wjZstg{oB ;zpzfXs okif}nkdk wjZstg{oB ;zpzfXs okif}nkdk wjZstg{oB ;zpzfXs okif}nkdk wjZstg{oB ;zpzfXs okif}nkdk wjZstg{oB ;zpzfXs oki

ns/ ;EkBe ;oekoK d/ ;zpzfXsns/ ;EkBe ;oekoK d/ ;zpzfXsns/ ;EkBe ;oekoK d/ ;zpzfXsns/ ;EkBe ;oekoK d/ ;zpzfXsns/ ;EkBe ;oekoK d/ ;zpzfXs

ftGkrK dh Fw{bhns Bkb fJBQKftGkrK dh Fw{bhns Bkb fJBQKftGkrK dh Fw{bhns Bkb fJBQKftGkrK dh Fw{bhns Bkb fJBQKftGkrK dh Fw{bhns Bkb fJBQK

;ot/yDK ~ ek~Bh EkgVk th;ot/yDK ~ ek~Bh EkgVk th;ot/yDK ~ ek~Bh EkgVk th;ot/yDK ~ ek~Bh EkgVk th;ot/yDK ~ ek~Bh EkgVk th

fdsk ikDk ukjhdk j?. ;EkBefdsk ikDk ukjhdk j?. ;EkBefdsk ikDk ukjhdk j?. ;EkBefdsk ikDk ukjhdk j?. ;EkBefdsk ikDk ukjhdk j?. ;EkBe

GkJhukfonK dh Fw{bhns th T[BhGkJhukfonK dh Fw{bhns th T[BhGkJhukfonK dh Fw{bhns th T[BhGkJhukfonK dh Fw{bhns th T[BhGkJhukfonK dh Fw{bhns th T[Bh

jh nfjw j't/rh.jh nfjw j't/rh.jh nfjw j't/rh.jh nfjw j't/rh.jh nfjw j't/rh.

pdfe;wsh ~, itkjo bkb Bfjo{

Ffjoh BthBheoB fwFB$okiht nktk;

:'iBk sfjs M[Zrh-M¯gVhnK pko/ ;ot/yD

eoB bJh p/sjkFk g?;k yofunk frnk

j?. ;ot/yD bJh ;tkbK dh ;{uh fsnko

eoB bJh ns/ wzBD:'r d;skt/}K dh

;{uh fsnko eoB bJh nB/e p?meK

ehshnK rJhnK. wkVh fe;ws ~, nB/e

FfjoK ftu okiBhse ns/ gqFk;fBe

ekoBK eoe/ ;ot/yD ehs/ rJ/, fi; bJh

d;skt/}K ns/ gqfefonktK dh e'Jh ;{uh

fsnko BjhI ehsh rJh.

wekBK dh r[zikfJFwekBK dh r[zikfJFwekBK dh r[zikfJFwekBK dh r[zikfJFwekBK dh r[zikfJF

fJe gksosk f;XKs ngDkT[D d/

;zdoG ftu fwFB dh p?Ie dh :'rsk

fJe nfjw fuzsk tkbh rZb ojh j?.

dhge gko/y ;fwsh (ew/Nh cko nc"ov/

pb jkT{f;zr, wekB T[;koh ns/ Ffjoh

rohph jNkT[D, 2004) tb'I r[zikfJF iK

gj[zu tkb/ wekBK ~ pj[s jh y[ZbQ/ o{g

ftu gfoGkfFs ehsk frnk. fJ; tb'I

\?;bk ehsk frnk fe eo}k u[ekT[D bJh

xo tkfbnK ~ wjhB/tko feFs d/Dh

j't/rh i' toswkB ehwsK d/ nkXko #s/,

3000 o[gJ/ j't/rh. i/ n;hI pdBkw j'

u[Zeh 32 o[gJ/ o'}kBk dh rohph o/yk ~

wzB bJhJ/ ns/ T[; ~ ygseko ehws-

;{ueKe Bkb fwbk d/JhJ/ sK fJe n";s

nkeko d/ gfotko dh rohph o/yk w[skfpe,

wkf;e nkwdB 6500 o[gJ/ d/ brGr

p?mdh j?, i/ n;hI fdZbh bJh fB;us

ehws-;{ueKe dh tos'I eohJ/, S'N/ FfjoK

bJh fJj nzeVk 5800 s'I 6000 o[gJ/

ftueko j't/rk. fJj e'Jh pj[s tXhnk

nkwdB BjhI go 20 gqfsFs Ffjoh xo

nZi th fJBQK G?V/ jkbks ftu ihn oj/

jB. fJj T[j gfotko jB fiBQK tZb

fJ; fwFB sfjs c"oh fXnkB fdsk ikDk

}o{oh j? Bk fe T[j fiBQK ftu 3000

o[gJ/ se gqfs wjhBk eo}k w'VB dh

;woEk j?.

fgSKj ~ fj;kp ehfsnK fJj ;gZFN

j? fe n;b ftu rohp gfotko fJj

wjhB/tko feFs BjhI w'V ;ed/, i' Ffjo

dh j/mbh t;'I dk 30 gqfsFs jB.

B?FBb ;?Igb ;ot/ d/ 2009-10 d/ ygs-

you d/ nzefVnK ~ nkXko wzB e/, fJj

dbhb fdsh ik ;edh j? fe Ffjoh

gfotkoK d/ j/mb/ 30 gqfsFs gfotkoK dh

wjhB/tko eo}k w'VB dh ;woZEk 850

o[gJ/ s'I f}nkdk BjhI j' ;edh, i' T[BQK

d/ |?o ykX gdkoEK d/ e[Zb you d/

brGr pokpo j?. toswkB ehwsK #s/,

fJj nzeVk ;'X e/ 1000 o[gJ/ ehsk

ikt/rk. fJj ;gZFN j? fe 2800-3000

o[gJ/ dh wkf;e ndkfJrh eoB bJh b'VK

dh ;{uh ftu eN"sh eoBh gt/rh. p/FZe,

1000 o[gJ/ dh wkf;e feFs Bkb tZv/

FfjoK ftu Yzr dk xo BjhI fwb/rk, sK

th i/ }whB dh ehws dk Gko iBse

nfXekohnK tb'I u[Zfenk ikt/. i/ fwFB

ftu p?IeK dh :'rsk ftu f\eo j? sK,

okiht nktk; :'iBk sfjs fbnKd/ ikD

tkb/ M[Zrh tkb/ xoK d/ nkeko ~ th

120 tor c[ZN se ;hws eoBk j't/rk.

180 tor c[ZN dk wzBD:'r oepk d/D

bJh ftnki ns/ Brd dh tkX{ ;pf;v

d/Dh gt/rh.

itkjoitkjoitkjoitkjoitkjo bkbbkbbkbbkbbkb Bfjo{Bfjo{Bfjo{Bfjo{Bfjo{ FfjohFfjohFfjohFfjohFfjoh BthBhBthBhBthBhBthBhBthBh-----

eoB fwFB tkb/ FfjoK ftueoB fwFB tkb/ FfjoK ftueoB fwFB tkb/ FfjoK ftueoB fwFB tkb/ FfjoK ftueoB fwFB tkb/ FfjoK ftu

ftfFFN FfjoheoBftfFFN FfjoheoBftfFFN FfjoheoBftfFFN FfjoheoBftfFFN FfjoheoB

65 tZv/ FfjoK #s/ ftuko eofdnK

fiE/ itkjo bkb Bfjo{ Ffjoh BthBheoB

fwFB bkr{ ehsk frnk ;h, n;hI B'N

eoKr/ fe (1) iB;zfynk dh ftek; do

ftu wZmkgB nkfJnk ns/ f}nkdk wjZstg{oB

(2) Ffjoh y/soK ftu M[Zrh tkbh t;'I dk

fjZ;k BkNeh Yzr Bkb xfNnk j?, fit/I fe

2011 dh wodwF[wkoh ns/ B?FBb ;?Igb

;ot/ d/ 69t/I r/V d/ ;ot/yD d/ nzefVnK

s'I B}o nk fojk j?. M[Zrh-MgVh iB;zfynk

dh frDsh ftu froktN ~ FfjoK dh

tXh j'Jh ;k\-;\kJh dh o'FBh ftu

t/yDk ukjhdk j?, fi; ftu M[Zrh-M¯gVhnK

ykbh eotkT[D ns/ fJBQK ~ Ffjo dh

pkjoh ;hwk tZb yd/VBk Fkfwb j?. wkVh

jkbs tkbhnK M[ZrhnK, fiE/ p[fBnkdh

;j{bsK th BjhI jB, ~ s'VB Bkb, mhe

jh M[ZrhnK ftu ofjD tkfbnk d/ ofjD-

;fjD ftu ;[Xko B}o nkt/rk fi; Bkb

p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK se gj[zu oZyD tkb/

ftneshnK dh gqfsFs ftu tkXk j't/rk.

Bkb jh d{ih irj ;Ekgs eoB ns/


Ffjo s'I pkjo eZYD Bkb M[Zrh p;shnK

ftu p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK se f}nkdk gj[zu

;zGt j' ;e/rh.

;ko/ G{r'fbe ;{ueK s'I, itkjo;ko/ G{r'fbe ;{ueK s'I, itkjo;ko/ G{r'fbe ;{ueK s'I, itkjo;ko/ G{r'fbe ;{ueK s'I, itkjo;ko/ G{r'fbe ;{ueK s'I, itkjo

bkb Bfjo{ Ffjoh BthBheoBbkb Bfjo{ Ffjoh BthBheoBbkb Bfjo{ Ffjoh BthBheoBbkb Bfjo{ Ffjoh BthBheoBbkb Bfjo{ Ffjoh BthBheoB

fwFB ;ko/ 65 fwFB FfjoK bJhfwFB ;ko/ 65 fwFB FfjoK bJhfwFB ;ko/ 65 fwFB FfjoK bJhfwFB ;ko/ 65 fwFB FfjoK bJhfwFB ;ko/ 65 fwFB FfjoK bJh

ftfFFN ;kps j'fJnk j?. fJE/ftfFFN ;kps j'fJnk j?. fJE/ftfFFN ;kps j'fJnk j?. fJE/ftfFFN ;kps j'fJnk j?. fJE/ftfFFN ;kps j'fJnk j?. fJE/

iB;zfynk ftek; do d/ Bkb-iB;zfynk ftek; do d/ Bkb-iB;zfynk ftek; do d/ Bkb-iB;zfynk ftek; do d/ Bkb-iB;zfynk ftek; do d/ Bkb-

Bkb rohph ftu th gqsZy froktNBkb rohph ftu th gqsZy froktNBkb rohph ftu th gqsZy froktNBkb rohph ftu th gqsZy froktNBkb rohph ftu th gqsZy froktN

nkJh j?. itkjo bkb Bfjo{nkJh j?. itkjo bkb Bfjo{nkJh j?. itkjo bkb Bfjo{nkJh j?. itkjo bkb Bfjo{nkJh j?. itkjo bkb Bfjo{

Ffjoh BthBheoB fwFB FfjoKFfjoh BthBheoB fwFB FfjoKFfjoh BthBheoB fwFB FfjoKFfjoh BthBheoB fwFB FfjoKFfjoh BthBheoB fwFB FfjoK

d/ G{r'fbe ftek; ftu s/}h Bkbd/ G{r'fbe ftek; ftu s/}h Bkbd/ G{r'fbe ftek; ftu s/}h Bkbd/ G{r'fbe ftek; ftu s/}h Bkbd/ G{r'fbe ftek; ftu s/}h Bkb

j'Jh froktN dk ekoB gqiBDj'Jh froktN dk ekoB gqiBDj'Jh froktN dk ekoB gqiBDj'Jh froktN dk ekoB gqiBDj'Jh froktN dk ekoB gqiBD

;woZEk d/ o[MkB ftu froktN iK;woZEk d/ o[MkB ftu froktN iK;woZEk d/ o[MkB ftu froktN iK;woZEk d/ o[MkB ftu froktN iK;woZEk d/ o[MkB ftu froktN iK

w"s dh do ~ BjhI mfjokfJnkw"s dh do ~ BjhI mfjokfJnkw"s dh do ~ BjhI mfjokfJnkw"s dh do ~ BjhI mfjokfJnkw"s dh do ~ BjhI mfjokfJnk

ik ;edk. fJ; ftnkfynk dkik ;edk. fJ; ftnkfynk dkik ;edk. fJ; ftnkfynk dkik ;edk. fJ; ftnkfynk dkik ;edk. fJ; ftnkfynk dk

e [M fj Z;k fJB Q K FfjoK ftue[M fj Z;k fJB Q K FfjoK ftue[M fj Z;k fJB Q K FfjoK ftue[M fj Z;k fJB Q K FfjoK ftue[M fj Z;k fJB Q K FfjoK ftu

gotk;hnK ~ i}p eoB dh dogotk;hnK ~ i}p eoB dh dogotk;hnK ~ i}p eoB dh dogotk;hnK ~ i}p eoB dh dogotk;hnK ~ i}p eoB dh do

ftu froktN ftu fgnk j?. j'o,ftu froktN ftu fgnk j?. j'o,ftu froktN ftu fgnk j?. j'o,ftu froktN ftu fgnk j?. j'o,ftu froktN ftu fgnk j?. j'o,

B?FBb ;?Igb ;ot/ s'I ekch Go';/B?FBb ;?Igb ;ot/ s'I ekch Go';/B?FBb ;?Igb ;ot/ s'I ekch Go';/B?FBb ;?Igb ;ot/ s'I ekch Go';/B?FBb ;?Igb ;ot/ s'I ekch Go';/

:'r ;p{s fwbd/ jB fe fJe:'r ;p{s fwbd/ jB fe fJe:'r ;p{s fwbd/ jB fe fJe:'r ;p{s fwbd/ jB fe fJe:'r ;p{s fwbd/ jB fe fJe

fwbhnB s' I tZX nkpkdh tkb/fwbhnB s' I tZX nkpkdh tkb/fwbhnB s' I tZX nkpkdh tkb/fwbhnB s' I tZX nkpkdh tkb/fwbhnB s' I tZX nkpkdh tkb/

it kjo b kb B fjo { F fjo hit kjo b kb B fjo { F fjo hit kjo b kb B fjo { F fjo hit kjo b kb B fjo { F fjo hit kjo b kb B fjo { F fjo h

BthBheoB fwFB FfjoK ftuBthBheoB fwFB FfjoK ftuBthBheoB fwFB FfjoK ftuBthBheoB fwFB FfjoK ftuBthBheoB fwFB FfjoK ftu

rohpK dh gqfsFs ek\h xZN j'JhrohpK dh gqfsFs ek\h xZN j'JhrohpK dh gqfsFs ek\h xZN j'JhrohpK dh gqfsFs ek\h xZN j'JhrohpK dh gqfsFs ek\h xZN j'Jh

j?.j?.j?.j?.j?.

okiht nktk; :'iBk d/okiht nktk; :'iBk d/okiht nktk; :'iBk d/okiht nktk; :'iBk d/okiht nktk; :'iBk d/

;zukbB dk gfog/y;zukbB dk gfog/y;zukbB dk gfog/y;zukbB dk gfog/y;zukbB dk gfog/y

:'iBkeko ns/ gqFk;B dofwnkB

fJe XkoBk pDdh ik ojh j? fe tZv/

FfjoK d/ w[ekpb/ S'N/ ns/ dofwnkB/

FfjoK ftu f}nkdk rzGho YKukrs ewhnK

jB, p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK s'I ftoth iB;zfynk

ftu tkXk th f}nkdk j' fojk j?. fJj

;wK e[M Bhsh fsnko eoB tkfbnK ~

wip{o eo/rk fe fJBQK FfjoK ftu fpibh,

gkDh ns/ ;k\-;\kJh dhnK ewhnK ~

jZb ehsk ikt/. tZv/ FfjoK d/ wkwb/ ftu

itkjo bkb Bfjo{ Ffjoh BthBheoB

fwFB ns/ okiht nktk; :'iBk dh ;/X

pdbD dh }o{os j?. itkjo bkb Bfjo{

Ffjoh BthBheoB fwFB tork jh fJe

fwFB F[o{ ehs/ ikD dh c"oh b"V j? fi;

Bkb S'N/ ns/ dofwnkB/ FfjoK ftu

p[fBnkdh ;/tktK d/D ~ w}p{s ehsk ik

;e/. 2011 dh wodwF[wkoh ftu 2800

Bt/I FfjoK dh gSkD ehsh rJh j?, fiBQK

ftu'I f}nkdkso FfjoK ftu |?o-y/sh

;orowhnK dk ftek; ns/ nkofEesk

ftu ftfGzBsk dhnK ;zGktBktK t/yhnK

rJhnK ;B. id'I se fJBQK fJBQK FfjoK

ftu fe;/ soQK dh YKukrs ;jkfJsk

gqdkB BjhI ehsh iKdh, T[j d{i/ FfjoK

dk w[ekpbk eoB ns/ ftek; d/ e/Ido

ti'I T[GoB d/ ekpb BjhI j' ;eDr/. j'

;edk j? nkT[D tkb/ ;kbK ftu T[j

FfjoK d/ fdqF s'I th b'g j' ikD. ftek;

dhnK ;zGktBktK gqdofFs eoB tkb/ ns/

dofwnkB/ FfjoK ~ YKukrs ;jkfJsk

w[jZJhnk eotkT[Dk oDBhsh dk fJe nfjw

nzr j'Dk ukjhdk j? sK i' d/F ftu

;zs[fbs ftek; :ehBh pDkfJnk ik ;e/.

fJj t/yfdnK fe okiht nktk; :'iBk

sfjs ;zebgheoB ns/ ;zukbB tZy-tZy

fdFktK ftu ik oj/ jB, Ffjoh ns/

okFNoh gZXo #s/ :'iBkekoK dofwnkB

okps/ dh fJe rzGho ewh ftykJh d/ ojh

j?. ;EkBe gZXo #s/ }whB d/ wkbe

ftGkrK tb'I T[; ;EkB ;[Xko ~ w[ZY'I jh

oZd eo fdsk frnk j?. Ffjo ns/ fJ;

d/ nkb/-d[nkb/ }whB d/ wkbe ftGkrK

tb'I M[Zrh-M¯gVh tkbh }whB ~ fJe iK

d{;ok pjkBk pDk e/ |?o ;[oZfyns eoko

d/ fdsk frnk j?. d{i/ gk;/, M[Zrh fBtk;h

fe;/ th d{ih EK ik e/ ][F BjhI. fJ;

ftu T[BQK dk nkgDk ;tkoE th j?. fJBQK

n;b jehesK ~ fXnkB ftu oZyfdnK

Gkos ~ M[Zrh-MgVh w[es eoB dk okFNoh

;[gBk jk;b eoBk n;zGt j' frnk j?.

ns/ jkb/ th, fJj ikfDnk-gSkfDnk ;Zu

j? fe 60 s'I 70 gqfsFs }whB ~ ;[oZfyns

n?bkfBnk ik ;edk j?, s'I 3 wz}bhnK,

uzr/ fv}kJhB tkbhnK fJwkosK T[;ko

e/ toswkB Bkb'I 2 s'I 3 r[Dk t;'I ~

T[E/ t;kfJnk ik ;edk j?. fJj fwFB

Gkrhdkoh tkb/ YKu/ nXhB ;zukfbs ehsk

ikDk ukjhdk j?. T[;ko/ ikD tkb/ M[Zrh

tk;hnK dh Fw{bhns Bkb, T[BQK dhnK

b'VK ns/ r[zikfJF w[skpe T[;ko/ ikD/

ukjhd/ jB fi; bJh ;oekoh ;pf;vhnK

th }o{oh jB. Gkt/I fe fBZih T[;koh

eosktK dh G{fwek ~ B}o nzdk} BjhI

ehsk ik ;edk, ]k; eoe/ tZv/ FfjoK

ftu, fiE/ }whB dh ewh j?. go fJBQK ~

rohpK d/ Bkw #s/ pj[-wzf}bk fJwkosK

T[;koB dh nkfrnk BjhI d/Dh ukjhdh

fi; ~ T[j pk}ko ftu t/u ;eD.

okiht nktk; :'iBk d/ d' gqw[Zy nzr

jB - gfjbk wekB ns/ d{ik p[fBnkdh

YKuk ns/ p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK. pdfe;wsh

~, itkjo bkb Bfjo{ Ffjoh BthBheoB

fwFB nXhB fJBQK d'BK ftukb/ ;zs[bB

BjhI oZfynk frnk ns/ rohpK bJh p[fBnkdh

;j{bsK dh :'iBk (ph n?; :{ gh) pdb

e/ pj[-wzf}bh xoK dh :'iBk tZb ubk

frnk. ;wM nk ;edh j? fe fJj

f}nkdkso xo rohpK dh gj[zu s'I pkjo

jB ns/ f}nkdk wjZstg{oB, ;o'sK dh

ewh ekoB fJj :'iBktK ;ko/ Ffjo ftu

bkr{ BjhI ehshnK ik ;edhnK .

;kvk wzBDk j? fe M[Zrh tkfbnK ~

xo d/D dh rzGho e'fFF eoBh ukjhdh

j?, fwFB bJh w[cs }whB d/Dh ukjhdh

j?, xoK dh ehws #s/ 50 gqfsFs ;pf;vh

d/Dh ukjhdh j? ns/ ;G s'I tZX T[;ko/

j'J/ oep/ dk nkeko 180 ns/ 200

tor c[ZN d/ ftueko fBoXkos eoBk

ukjhdk j? sK i' gfotkoK bJh eo}k

tkg;h r[zikfJF ftu j' ;e/.

(b/ye iowBh ftubh :{Bhtof;Nh nk\

t[J/o}por fty/ noEuko/ dk gq'\?;o j?.)




Gkosh FfjoK ftu g/Iv{nK ~ w[]ksp j'DkGkosh FfjoK ftu g/Iv{nK ~ w[]ksp j'DkGkosh FfjoK ftu g/Iv{nK ~ w[]ksp j'DkGkosh FfjoK ftu g/Iv{nK ~ w[]ksp j'DkGkosh FfjoK ftu g/Iv{nK ~ w[]ksp j'Dk

Bo/Ido gkBhBo/Ido gkBhBo/Ido gkBhBo/Ido gkBhBo/Ido gkBh

os ftu Bhsh ;zpzXh rZbpks

FfjoK ns/ fgzvK ftukb/ fJe

fsZyh beho fyZudh fdykJh d/ ojh j?.

;ZsoftnK ftu Gkosh Bhsh fBowksktK #s/

Ffjo gZyh j'D d/ fJb}kw brd/ oj/

(fbgNb, 1977), fpbe[b T[t/I fit/I jkbhnk

ezwK ~ fgzvK tZb f}nkdk t}B fdzd/

nkfynk frnk j? (f;tkokwkfeqFBB, 2011).

go, i/ n;hI ftFtheoB s'I gq/fos ;ojZdK

pko/ rZbpks ~ fXnkB ftu fbnkJhJ/ sK

fJj t/yDk w[Ffeb BjhI j't/rk, nfijh

em'o jZdpzdh ~ g{oh soQK ikfJ} BjhI

mfjokfJnk ik ;edk. ;k;ehnk ;?FB

ftuko g/F eod/ jB fe ;ojZdK ~ d'

gqeko tzfvnk ik ;edk j?. @@gfjbk, fe

;ojZd T[sgkd, ftnesh ns/ fJe :zso

ftu iVh j'Jh j? L fJe rshFhb gqfsfBXh

;ojZd d/ nfjw gZyK ~ nksw;ks eodk

j?. d{ik j?, fe ;ojZd d/ ftfGzB ;EkB

j' ;ed/ jB, Gkt/I ;zrmB d/ nzdo iK

nzsookFNoh y/so ftu.## (;?;B 2006,

gzBk 416). ;ojZd dhnK fJj d't/I fe;wK

FfjoK ns/ fgzvK ftu w"i{d jB fijk fe

s/}h Bkb fte;s j' oj/ Gkosh FfjoK s'I

t/fynk ik ;edk j?. fgzvK Bkb w}p{s

;zpzX oZyD tkb/ fijV/ b'e FfjoK ftu

o[}rko dh Gkb eod/ jB, ne;o nkgD/

Bkb fgzvK d/ sZs b? e/ nkT[Id/ jB.

FfjoK ns/ fgzvK ftukb/ ;ojZd dhnK

fJe s'I tZX EktK pD iKdhnK jB id'I

Gkosh FfjoK dk ftnkge ftek; j[zdk j?,

fit/I-fit/I Ffjo fte;s j[zd/ iKd/ jB,

fgzvK ~ nkgD/ ftu i}p eod/ iKd/

jB. Ffjoh e/IdoK ftu i}p j'D d/

djkfenK pknd se th w{b g/Iv{ y/so

nkgDk g/Iv{ ]k;k poeoko oZy ;ed/ jB.

g/Iv{gB fco Gkosh FfjoK ftu rfjoh

soQK oufwu iKdk j?, fJE'I se fe FfjoK

ftu fgzv dh G{fwek dh ;gZFNsk s'I fpBK

n;hI T[BQK ~ ;wM jh BjhI ;ed/.

Gkosh FfjoK ftu fgzvK d/ gqGkt

ftu d' tZy-tZy jZdK dh rZbpks

Fkfwb j[zdh j?. fJe fpbe[b ;EkJh,

i' ;w'J/ j'J/ fgzv ns/ Ffjo ftukb/

ns/ fJ; d/ nkb/-d[nkb/ d/ ftek;

ns/ fJ; d/ nzdo th ns/ d{ih jZd

e[M d{o fgzvK ns/ FfjoK ftukb/,

fJe nfijh jZd i' Ffjo ftu dk]b

j'D tkb/ ftneshnK ns/ T[BQK d[nkok

fbnKd/ ik oj/ T[sgkdK ftu Goh

j[zdh j?. fJ; rZbpks dh ;zy/g fijh

iKu gVskb th, fit/I fe fJ; gou/

ftu ehsh rJh j?, fJj ;gZFN eo

fdzdh j? fe Ffjoh jkbks s/ fgzvK

ftu xND tkbhnK xNBktK dk n;o

g?Idk j?. fJe gqGkth Ffjoh Bhsh

fgzvK ~ B}onzdk} BjhI eo ;edh.

;zy/g ftu, fJ; gou/ ftu fJeZb/

Gkosh Ffjo, pzrb"o #s/ fXnkB

e/Idfos ehsk ikt/rk.

FfjoK nzdob/ fgzvFfjoK nzdob/ fgzvFfjoK nzdob/ fgzvFfjoK nzdob/ fgzvFfjoK nzdob/ fgzv

fJj nk; eoBh e[EK j't/rh fe

fgzvK d/ FfjoK ftu ;wk ikD dh rshFhbsk

;ko/ Gkos ftu fJe' fijh j't/rh. FfjoK

ns/ i}p j'D tkb/ fgzvK ftu th, fJe

fpbe[b tZyo/ GftZy bJh ikDekoh seBheh

gkoe fte;s eoB ns/ fBowkD fJekJhnK

;Ekgs eoB ;zpzXh, wsG/d j' ;ed/

jB. go nfijh gqfefonk dh fJe T[dkjoD

#s/ B/fVT[I Mks wkoBk bkj/tzd j't/rk sK

i' ;k~ nzdo{Bh jkbks pko/ ukBD j' ;e/

fiBQK ~ nB[Gt d/ nkXko #s/ d{;o/

jkbks ns/ FfjoK ftu gofynk ik ;edk

j?. pzrb"o d/ fgzvK dh eZgVk fBo:ks

T[d:'r d/ ;zdoG ftu Ffjo ftu Fw{bhns

fJBQK gZyK dh fJe T[dkjoD g/F eodh

j?. n"osK dh pj[sks tkb/ eZgVk ekfwnK

dh pzrb"o ftu fJe ftF/F ]k;hns j?

T[BQK d/ ezw eoB d/ jkbks ns/ ofjD

d/ jkbks ftu pj[s tZvk \oe. pzrb"o

d/ eZgVk fBo:ks T[d:'r ftu ezw eoB

tkbhnK n"osK d/ xoK d/ jkbks eko]kB/

nzdob/ jkbks ns/ pzrb"o dh ftFt

gZXo #s/ Sph ftu tZv/ \oe tZb fJFkok

eod/ jB. 2009 ftu B?FBb fJz;NhfuT{N

nk\ n?vtK;v ;NZvh}, pzrb"o (n?B

nkJh J/ n?;) tb'I eotkJ/ ;ot/yD ftu

fJBQK n"osK tb'I ;kjwDk ehs/ ikD tkb/

jkbks pko/ fBohyD ehsk frnk. skfbek-

1 ftu n"os ekfwnK ns/ T[BQK d/ xoK

d/ jkbks fpnkB ehs/ rJ/ jB. n"os

ekfwnK tb'I ehsh ewkJh Bkb T[j rohph

o/yk s'I T[s/ nKehnK iKdhnK jB, go

f;o\ fJj jh ek\h BjhI j?. pj[shnK

n"os w}d{oK d/ gfotkoK e'b nkgDk

GkGkGkGkGk


wekB BjhI j? ns/ T[j f;o\ feokJ/ d/

wekB ftu jh ofjzdhnK jB. T[d:'rK

ftu tX/o/ x;kJh-o[bkJh do ekoB w}d{o

pko-pko T[d:'r pdbd/ jB. pzrb"o

ftu iBse nktkikJh dhnK wfjzrhnK

doK B/ ekfwnK ~ g?db ub e/ eko]kfBnK

se gj[zuD bJh wip{o eo fdsk j?.

fJ; dk wsbp id'I T[j B"eoh pdbd/

jB sK Bshi/ ti'I T[BQK ~ xo th pdbD/

g?Id/ jB sK i' T[j ezw tkb/ ;EkB #s/

g?db g[Zi ;eD. ekw/ fijV/ xo feokJ/

#s/ b? ;ed/ jB, T[j th xNhnk ukdoK

dhnK SZsK tkb/ j[zd/ jB. fJBQK ;;s/

xoK ftu nkw s"o s/ gkDh dk Bbek

BjhI j[zdk ns/ F"ukbk th d{;o/ xoK Bkb

;KMk j[zdk j?. fJj fpBK fe;/ ;j{bs d/

ukdoK dh SZs tkb/ xo ftu s{V/ gJ/

j[zd/ jB. fJBQK xoK d/ gzi ftu'I 4

fjZf;nK ftu n";sB fJe ewo/ ftu d' s'I

f}nkdk ftnesh fBtk; eod/ jB ns/

31 gqfsFs xoK ftu fszB s'I tZX ftnesh

ofjzd/ jB.

nfij/ xZN ehws tkb/ xoK dh,

FfjoK d/ brksko tXd/ }whB ikfJdkd

d/ eko'pko dofwnkB w"i{drh pzrb"o dh

fgzvK ~ FfjoK ftu Fkfwb eoBk nokiesk

dk Bshik j?. fit/I fe 1970 ns/ 1980

d/ G{wh nfXrqfjD d/ nfXekfos w[ZbzeD

ftu d/fynk frnk ;h, fJ; gqfefonk ~

d' ek~BK Bkb T[sFkj fwfbnk - eoBkNe

fJz;Nqhnb J/ohnk} fvt?bgw?IN n?eN, 1966

ns/ pzrb"o fvt?bgw?IN nEkfoNh n?eN,

1976 fiBQK ekoB G{wh nfXrqfjD eoB

tkbhnK ;z;EktK j'Id ftu nkJhnK (oftzdok,

1989). eoBkNe Td:'fre y/so ftek;

p'ov d/ pDB Bkb y/shpkVh tkbh G{wh

~ nfXrqfjD eoe/ fBZih T[d:'rK ~

;¯gDk ;"yk j' frnk. pzrb"o ftek;

gqkfXeoB B/ fojkfJFh ekb'BhnK pDkT[D

bJh }whB gqkgs ehsh fi; ~ Gkn Bkb'I

fes/ f}nkdk #s/ d[pkok t/u fdsk frnk.

pknd tkb/ ;"fdnK ftu fJ; }whB ~

fes/ tZX Gkn #s/ th t/funk frnk.

y/shpkVh tkbh }whB gqkgs eoB Bkb

pzrb"o Ffjo ftu Fkfwb ehs/ rJ/ fgzvK

dk nkofEe w[jKdok pdb frnk.

y/shpkVh Xzd/ ~ tZvk MNek bZrk.

;gZFNsk Bkb ;theko eoBk nfjw

j't/rk fe fJBQK fgzvK ftu jo/e

d/ ;kjwD/ fJj u[B"shnK BjhI ;B.

p/}whfBnK d/ jkbks }whB wkbeK Bkb'I

fpbe[b tZyo/ ;B. p/}whfBnK d/ feZs/

ftu spdhbh dk wsbp ;h y/sh nkXkos

w}d{oh s'I FfjoK d/ tZy-tZy ezwK bJh

ukb/ gkT[D/. ns/ T[BQK e'b }whB wkbeK

~ joikB/ dk fwbD tkbk \kfJdk th

BjhI ;h. fit/I fe r'bvw?B dbhb fdzd/

jB, @@g/Iv{ f}zdrh ~ }whB tkb/ ns/

p/}whB/ wkbeK ftu tzvDk, fi; ftu

gfjb/ ~ }whB SZv/ Ffjoh gqki?eNK bJh

nfXrqfjD eoB pdb/ w[nkt}k fwbdk

j?, fgzvK dhnK ;wkfie, ;fGnkukoe

ifNbsktK ns/ o'}h-o'Nh dhnK oDBhshnK

~ j'o ew}'o eoB tZb s'o fdzdk j?

(r'bvw?B, 2011, gzBk 568). pzrb"o d/

nkb/-d[nkb/ d/ fgzvK ftu fe;kBK dh y/sh

dh fe;w ~ d/yfdnK j'fJnK, p/}whB/

]k; s"o s/ tZvk ;w{j BjhI ;B (gkBh,

1983). y/so dh fe;kBh y/sh dh w[Zy

ftF/Fsk S'N/ fe;kBK dh tZvh frDsh ;h

fiBQK ftu e[M XBkv fe;kB th ;B.

fe;kBK d/ gqG[st ~ d/yfdnK j'fJnK

fijV/ }whB wkbeK ~ w[nkt}k fdsk

frnk, T[j tZvh frDsh ftu ;B, Gkt/I fe

Fkfwb ehs/ rJ/ fgzvK d/ pj[s/ xo fJ;

ftu Fkfwb BjhI ;B. fJ; eoe/, pzrb"o

bkrb/ Fkfwb ehs/ rJ/ pj[s/ fgzvK ;kjwD/

nukBe y/sh tkbh }whB y[Z;D ns/ |?o-

y/shpkVh tkb/ XzfdnK ~ bZGD dh u[B"sh

;h.

pj[s/ wkwfbnK ftu fiBQK e'b y/sh

tkjh tkbhnK }whBK ;B, T[j nkgD/

;hws fij/ w[nkt}/ ~ T[Go oj/ Ffjoh

noEuko/ ftu fBt/F eoB bJh jZE-g?o

wkoB bZr/ fi; ftu fe;/ tkjB dk

ukbe pDBk ns/ otkfJsh v/noh Xzd/ ~

j'o c?bkT[Dk Fkfwb ;h. fgzv ftu puh

|?o-y/shpkVh tkbh }whB th wjZstg{oB

pD rJh, Gkt/I ;hws wksok ftu jh

;jh. fJ; }whB bJh ]k; s"o s/ fgzvK

bJh pDkJ/ fB:w jh bkr{ j[zd/ ;B Bk

fe nkb/ d[nkb/ d/ FfjoK tkb/. fJBQK

fB:wK sfjs fJ; }whB d/ wkbe ;;s/

ns/ GhV/ xo pDk ;ed/ ;B i' rohpK

dhnK b'VK g{ohnK eod/ ;B ns/ fJj

gqfefonk jw/Fk ek~B d/ dkfJo/ ftu BjhI

;h. fit/I fe beFwh ;qhfBtk; B/ 1991

ftu B'N ehsk, @@pzrb"o Ffjo dh nZXh s'I

tZX }whB fBrw d/ eo d/ dkfJo/ s'I

pkjo j? (;qhfBtk;, 1991, gzBk 2484).##

fgzvK d/, pzrb"o Ffjo dk fjZ;k

pDB tkbh ifNb pdbkn dh gqfefonk

ftu, g/Iv{ gqGkt ~ B}onzdk} eoBk

skfbek-1

pzrb"o eZgVk fBo:ks T[d:'r ftu ezw eoB tkbhnK n"osK d/ xoK dk o/yk-fuZso

feokJ/ tkb/ xoK dk nB[gks 87H5

ukdoK iK d{;o/ xNhnk ;wZroh dhnK SZsK tkb/ xoK dk nB[gks 64H8

ezw d/ ;EkB s'I d' feb'whNo d/ x/o/ nzdo nkT[Id/ xoK dk nB[gks 78H2

jo ewo/ ftu d' iK d' s'I tZX ftnesh ofjD tkb/ xoK dk nB[gks (o;'Jh ;w/s) 81H5

jo ewo/ ftu 3 iK 3 s'I tZX ftnesh ofjD tkb/ xoK dk nB[gks (o;'Jh ;w/s) 31H4

F"ukbk s'I pr?o xoK dk nB[gks 76H1

gkDh d/ ;o's s'I pr?o tkb/ xoK dk nB[gks 73H0

;o's L n?B nkJh J/ n?; dk 2009 ftu eZgVk ekfwnK pko/ ehsk ;ot/yD


w[Ffeb j? i' fJ; pdbkn s'I pknd th

w"i{d ofjzdk j?. fgzvK ftu g[okD/ }whB

wkbeK d/ ;w{j jB fiBQK e'b }whB j?

ns/ fBZih fXoK s'I \kfJdk T[mkT[D dk

gqGkt j?. fJ;/ ;w{j e'b rohpK bJh

xNhnk fe;w d/ xo fBowkD eoB dk

th \kfJdk j?. fJik}s b?D dh b'V, iK

id'I nfijh fJik}s dh b'V Bk j't/ sK

nfXekohnK tb'I w{zj c/o b?Dk, fJ; Bkb

fJBQK ;w{jK ns/ T[Go ojh okiBhse

iwks ftukb/ fJe rfjok ;zpzX ;Ekfgs

j' iKdk j?.

Ffjo s'I pkjo tkb/ fgzv - T[j

;Nhe sohek, fi; ftu T[sgkd ns/ b'e

w[ekpbsB d{o d/ fgzvK ns/ FfjoK dh

jZdpzdh pko/ rZbpks eod/ jB, fJ; d/

eJh o{g j' ;ed/ jB. ed/-edkJhI n"os

ekfwnK d/ gfotko, gsh dh fgzv ftu

w"i{d }whB d/ fjZ;/ d/ nBki dh gqkgsh

eod/ jB. i' gfjoktk n"osK gfjBdhnK

jB, T[j th T[BQK dh fgzvK ns/ FfjoK dh

gSkD d/ skbw/b dk ;{ue j?, Gkt/I fe

T[BQK d/ e[M Ffjoh t;so - ]k; eoe/

oks ~ gfjBD tkbk u'rk fi; ~ Ffjo

ftu eJh tko fdB ftu bzw/ ;w/I bJh

gfjBdhnK jB - fJj fgzvK ftu jw/Fk

fJ;s/wkb BjhI ehsk ik ;edk. fgzvK s/

FfjoK dk gqGkt ns/ FfjoK s/ fgzvK d/

gqGkt dh wksok ~, fBZih ftnesh d/

wkfXnw okjhI, fJ; ;ztkd #s/ fBoGo

eodk j?. fJj dbhb fdsh rJh j? fe

Ffjoh xo fgzvK s'I FfjoK tZb ~ gqtk;

dh F[o{nksh nkXko dh G{fwek fBGkn

;ed/ jB. fJBQK xoK ftu ne;o T[j

ftnesh ofjzd/ jB i' FfjoK ftu nkgD/

g?o iwkT[Dk ukj[zd/ jB. fJBQK xoK

tk;s/ @;w{je xo# Fpd dh tos'I ehsh

rJh j? i' T[BQK xoK tZb fJFkok eodk

j? fiE/ nfij/ ftnesh ofj oj/ jB i'

w{b gfotko dk Gkr BjhI ;B (gkBh,

2010). ns/ pzrb"o d/ eZgVk T[d:'r

ftu bZrhnK n"osK d/ 40 gqfsFs xo

fJ; fB:w #s/ g{o/ T[sod/ jB. fJBQK

;w{fje xoK ftu gsh-gsBh d/ f;o\

B/Vb/ foFs/dko jh Fkfwb BjhI jB

fit/I fe T[BQK d/ fgsk, wksk, Gok ns/

G?DK ;r'I d{o d/ foFs/dko ns/ fgzv d/

ftnesh th Fkfwb jB.

Gkt/I fe ;w{fje xo g/Iv{ ns/ Ffjoh

;zpzXK tZb fJFkok BjhI eod/, fJ; ;zpzX

dh shposk ~ gqtk; d/ o;s/ s'I go/ ikD

tkb/ ;zpzXK dh o'FBh ftu t/fynk ik

;edk j?. fgzvK ns/ FfjoK ftu f}nkdk

B}dheh ;zpzX T[BQK wkwfbnK ftu pDdk

j? fiE/ Ffjo ftu ezw eo ojhnK

wktK nkgD/ pZfunK ~ fgzvK ftu SZv

fdzdhnK jB. 2009 d/ n?B nkJh J/ n?;

;ot/yD ftu fJj y[bk;k j'fJnk fe

gzit/I fjZ;/ s'I tZX n;o ftu 22H5 gqfsFs

pzrb"o d/ eZgVk T[d:'r ftu ezw eo

ojhnK n"osK d/ 15 ;kb iK fJ; s'I xZN

T[wo d/ pZu/ nkgDhnK wktK Bkb BjhI

ofjzd/ fiBQK dk fXnkB oZyD bJh fgzvK

ftu SZv fdsk iKdk j?. nfij/ wkwfbnK

ftu n"os w}d{oK tb'I ne;o FfjoK

ns/ fgzvK ftukb/ ;ojZd pko/ rZbpks

ehsh rJh. n;b ftu, wK s'I d{o ofj

oj/ pZu/ ~ n;hI Ffjoh ns/ fgzv d/ ekw/

d/ ;zpzXK dh rfjokJh ns/ shposk d/

gqfsfBX ti'I fJ;s/wkb eo ;ed/ jK.

n"osK tb'I nkgD/ pZfunK ~ fgzvK

ftu SZvD dh XkoBk ~ ;wMD bJh

fijV/ sZs fJ; #s/ gqGkt gkT[Id/ B}o

BjhI nkT[Id/ T[j th T[B/ jh G/s y'bQD

tkb/ j' ;ed/ jB. fJ; sZs dk wjZst

ikDB bJh n;hI T[; sZs d/ nkXko

#s/ pZfunK iK T[BQK dhnK wktK d/

;w{j pDkJ/ ns/ tyo/t/I d/ w[ZbzeD dk

fJ;s/wkb ehsk sK i' T[; sZs d/ wjZst

dk nzdk}k brkfJnk ik ;e/. skfbek-2

;k~ nB/e sZsK pko/ d;Zdh j? fijV/ fJ;

sZs ~ gqGkfts eo ;ed/ jB, fit/I fe

w}d{o dk Ffjo ftu nkofEe ns/ f;Zfynk

dk o[spk, fJj gqw[Zy sZs BjhI jB i'

pZfunK ~ fgzvK ftu SZvD d/ \?;b/ dk

fBoXkoD eod/ jB. f;Zfynk ns/ wktK

dh nkwdB dk gZXo pZfunK ~ fgzvK ftu

SZvD d/ nzefVnK #s/ nkXkos wjZstg{oB

ekoB BjhI ;B.

fJ; ;G e[M s'I ;G s'I \?;bke[zB

gqGkt pZu/ ns/ wK dh T[wo dk ;h. gzi

;kb iK fJ; s'I xZN T[wo d/ 35 gqfsFs

pZu/ nkgDh wK Bkb BjhI ofjzd/. fJj

nB[gks 11 s'I 15 ;kb d/ T[wo ;w{j

ftu xN e/ 14 gqfsFs ofj frnk.

wktK d/ wkwb/ ftu th 20 ;kb iK fJ;

s'I xZN T[wo d/ 40 gqfsFs pZu/ nkgDhnK

wktK s'I d{o ofj oj/ ;B. fJj nB[gks

tZX T[wo tkbhnK wktK d/ wkwb/ ftu

nB[gkse s"o s/ xN frnk fi; sfjs

40 ;kb s'I tZX T[wo dhnK f;o\ 4

gqfsFs wktK nkT[IdhnK ;B. fJj gZXsh

skfbek-2

pzrb"o d/ eZgVk fBo:ks T[d:'r ftu ezw eo

ojhnK n"osK d/ pZfunK d/ fBtk; ;EkB ftu fGzBsk

dk w[ZbzeD

sZs n?`c nB[gks 5 gqfsFs

dh do

Bkb wjZst

wK dh f;Zfynk 0H78605 BjhI

IwK dh nkwdB 2H77847 BjhI

SZs dh fe;w 0H75084 BjhI

gkDh 0H94756 BjhI

ApZu/ dh T[wo 9H90545 jK

AwK dh T[wo 5H44606 jK

wK d/ pzrb"o ftu 23H84444 jK

ofjD d/ ;kb

ezw d/ ;EkB s'I \k;bk 4H14329 jK

r[;b]kBk 8H66739 jK

Xow 8H50309 jK

iksh ;w{j 5H01136 jK

wK p'bh 6H72962 jK

;o's L n?`B nkJh J/ n?`; dk eZgVk w}d{oK pko/

2009 dk ;ot/yD pkeh ;\k 16 T[`s/pkeh ;\k 16 T[`s/pkeh ;\k 16 T[`s/pkeh ;\k 16 T[`s/pkeh ;\k 16 T[`s/



;wkoN FfjoK dh :'iBkpzdh L F[o{ feE'I eohJ/<;wkoN FfjoK dh :'iBkpzdh L F[o{ feE'I eohJ/<;wkoN FfjoK dh :'iBkpzdh L F[o{ feE'I eohJ/<;wkoN FfjoK dh :'iBkpzdh L F[o{ feE'I eohJ/<;wkoN FfjoK dh :'iBkpzdh L F[o{ feE'I eohJ/<

n?`; uzdoF/yo, fBjkfoek t?IeN/Fn?`; uzdoF/yo, fBjkfoek t?IeN/Fn?`; uzdoF/yo, fBjkfoek t?IeN/Fn?`; uzdoF/yo, fBjkfoek t?IeN/Fn?`; uzdoF/yo, fBjkfoek t?IeN/F

thI ;oeko d/ ftek; d/ wkvb

ftu fJe nzr ;wkoN FfjoK

d/ fBowkD dk ftuko j?. 10 i[bkJh,

2014 ~ g/F ehs/ piN ftu e/Idoh ftZs

wzsoh B/ 100 ;wkoN FfjoK d/ fBowkD

bJh piN ftu 7060 eo'V o[gJ/ okyt/I

ehs/. wzsoh B/ tZv/ FfjoK d/ T[grqfj

FfjoK ti'I 100 ;wkoN Ffjo pDkT[D

bJh @ftek; dh fdqFNh# dh rZb ehsh

ns/ w"i{dk dofwnkB/ nkeko d/ FfjoK d/

nkX[fBeheoB dh th rZb ehsh.

uzrk j[zdk i/ piN ftu e[Zb nB[wkBs

bkrs ns/ ;wK ;hwk dh th rZb ehsh

j[zdh sK i' w[ZbzeD ehsk ik ;edk fe

b'VhId/ ;kXB tzv/ rJ/ jB iK BjhI< fJ;

ewh dk ekoB fJe Ffjo ~ ;wkoN

pDkT[D bJh b'VhId/ fBt/F dh n;gZFNsk

j' ;edk j?.

ejkDh ~ j'o nZr/ s'oB s'I gfjbK,

fJj B'N eoBk ukjhdk j? fe d[BhnK Go

ftu ;wkoN FfjoK pko/ uZb ojh ekBkc{;h

d/ pkti{d, ;wkoN Ffjo dh e'Jh ;gZFN

gfoGkFk BjhI fwbdh. ;Zuh rZb sK fJj

j? fe pj[s ;kohnK nkg; ftu i[VhnK

XkoBktK ~ Ffjo d/ ;zdoG ftu gqufbs

eo fdsk frnk j?. fJBQK ftu Fkfwb

jB L f;oiDkswe, ;zuko, fv}hNb, Jh-

Fk;s, T[dwh, j[fFnko ikDekoh nkfd.

fJj XkoBktK }o{oh BjhI fe nkg; ftu

ftF/F j'D id fe ;{uBk ns/ ;zuko

seBhe (nkJh ;h Nh) dh Fesh ~ tos'I

ftu fbnkT[Dk fJBQK ;kohnK XkoBktK d/

nB[e{b j?. ;{uBk s/ ;zuko seBhe dh

XkoBk ~ ftek; bJh tos'I ftu fbnkT[Dk

@dfj;dh ftek; Nhu/# ftu th ;gZFN

ehsk frnk j?. n;b ftu, nZmt/I @dfj;dh

ftek; Nhu/# ftu soZeh dh g?V BZgD

bJh oZy/ NhfunK ftu'I fJe fBZih y/so

Bkb ;fj:'r eoB ns/ BthnK seBheK,

]k; eoe/ ;{uBk ns/ ;zuko seBheK d/

\kfJfdnK ~ T[gbpX eotkT[Dk j?. Gkos

;oeko d/ w[ZbzeD nB[;ko fJ; Nhu/ ~

jk;b eoB bJh ;jh o;s/ #s/ j?.

b'eK bJh ;wkoN FfjoK dkb'eK bJh ;wkoN FfjoK dkb'eK bJh ;wkoN FfjoK dkb'eK bJh ;wkoN FfjoK dkb'eK bJh ;wkoN FfjoK dk

eh wsbp j?, fJj p/FZe uoukeh wsbp j?, fJj p/FZe uoukeh wsbp j?, fJj p/FZe uoukeh wsbp j?, fJj p/FZe uoukeh wsbp j?, fJj p/FZe uouk

dk ftFk j?. go r[ioks fJzNo-dk ftFk j?. go r[ioks fJzNo-dk ftFk j?. go r[ioks fJzNo-dk ftFk j?. go r[ioks fJzNo-dk ftFk j?. go r[ioks fJzNo-

B ?FBb fcB-N ?e Ffjo tor/B ?FBb fcB-N ?e Ffjo tor/B ?FBb fcB-N ?e Ffjo tor/B ?FBb fcB-N ?e Ffjo tor/B ?FBb fcB-N ?e Ffjo tor/

;wkoN e/Idoh tgkoe f}bQ/ dhnK;wkoN e/Idoh tgkoe f}bQ/ dhnK;wkoN e/Idoh tgkoe f}bQ/ dhnK;wkoN e/Idoh tgkoe f}bQ/ dhnK;wkoN e/Idoh tgkoe f}bQ/ dhnK

ftF/FsktK ~ geV ftu fbnkT[Dk,ftF/FsktK ~ geV ftu fbnkT[Dk,ftF/FsktK ~ geV ftu fbnkT[Dk,ftF/FsktK ~ geV ftu fbnkT[Dk,ftF/FsktK ~ geV ftu fbnkT[Dk,

gqwkDs eoBk ns/ ;wMDk ;"ykgqwkDs eoBk ns/ ;wMDk ;"ykgqwkDs eoBk ns/ ;wMDk ;"ykgqwkDs eoBk ns/ ;wMDk ;"ykgqwkDs eoBk ns/ ;wMDk ;"yk

j?. n;bh u[B"sh ;ko/ t;BheKj?. n;bh u[B"sh ;ko/ t;BheKj?. n;bh u[B"sh ;ko/ t;BheKj?. n;bh u[B"sh ;ko/ t;BheKj?. n;bh u[B"sh ;ko/ t;BheK

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dh j?, fpBK nwho ns/ rohp dkdh j?, fpBK nwho ns/ rohp dkdh j?, fpBK nwho ns/ rohp dkdh j?, fpBK nwho ns/ rohp dkdh j?, fpBK nwho ns/ rohp dk

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T[ `fus j't/rk fe Gkos tor/T[ `fus j't/rk fe Gkos tor/T[ `fus j't/rk fe Gkos tor/T[ `fus j't/rk fe Gkos tor/T[ `fus j't/rk fe Gkos tor/

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j?. ;gZFN ftuko FfjoK ~ b'eKj?. ;gZFN ftuko FfjoK ~ b'eKj?. ;gZFN ftuko FfjoK ~ b'eKj?. ;gZFN ftuko FfjoK ~ b'eKj?. ;gZFN ftuko FfjoK ~ b'eK

d/ bkfJe pDkT[Dk j?. ;', fJed/ bkfJe pDkT[Dk j?. ;', fJed/ bkfJe pDkT[Dk j?. ;', fJed/ bkfJe pDkT[Dk j?. ;', fJed/ bkfJe pDkT[Dk j?. ;', fJe

;wkoN Ffjo pko/ ;zukbB dh;wkoN Ffjo pko/ ;zukbB dh;wkoN Ffjo pko/ ;zukbB dh;wkoN Ffjo pko/ ;zukbB dh;wkoN Ffjo pko/ ;zukbB dh

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fJj b/y fJ; ;zpzX ftu fJefJj b/y fJ; ;zpzX ftu fJefJj b/y fJ; ;zpzX ftu fJefJj b/y fJ; ;zpzX ftu fJefJj b/y fJ; ;zpzX ftu fJe

]kek g/F eodk j?.]kek g/F eodk j?.]kek g/F eodk j?.]kek g/F eodk j?.]kek g/F eodk j?.

;wkoN FfjoK iK p;shnK dh XkoBk

fJe gqfefonk j? Bk fe fJe Nhuk ns/

fJ; dh fJ; ftF/Fsk B/ fJj gZek eo

fdsk j? fe ;wkoN Ffjo dh e'Jh fJe

gqtkBs gfoGkFk BjhI j?. ;', fJe ;wkoN

Ffjo dk Jh-Fk;B j't/rk, pBktN ns/

gqpzXB ftu ;[Xko bJh fBozso Nhu/ oZy/

ikDr/, tksktoB gZyh ftek; bJh :'iBkpzdh

j't/rh ns/ ;w{fje nktkikJh w[yh ftek;

j't/rk, FfjohnK bJh ;t?ukfbs gqfefonk

d/ \kfJd/ ns/ T[BQK d/ \kfJd/ bJh

gq'rokwK dk ftek;.

F[o{ ftu, fe;/ Ffjo ~ ;wkoN

pDkT[D bJh b'e w[yh seBheK fte;s

eoBhnK j'DrhnK. ftek; bJh nkJh

;{uBk s/ ;zuko seBhe dh Fesh ~

tosD dh XkoBk, ]k; eoe/ gkodoFsk

ns/ Fk;B ftu ;[Xko, fJj Gkos bJh

Bt/I BjhI jB ns/ fJj ftuko ;wkoN

Ffjo fte;s eoB d/ ;zebg s'I gfjbK

dk j?. Gkos dh Jh-Fk;B :'iBk dh

fdqFNh ftu @@;KMhnK ;/tktK d/D d/ fpzd{

d[nkok nkw nkdwh ~ T[; d/ w[jZb/ ftu

;oekoh ;/tktK w[jZJhnk eotkT[D, e[Fbsk

:ehBh pDkT[Dh, gkodofFsk ns/ nfijhnK

;/tktK T[fus ehws #s/ w[jZJhnk eotkT[Dk

Fkfwb j? sK fe nkw nkdwh dhnK

p[fBnkdh b'VK g{ohnK ehshnK ik ;eD.##

fJ; :'iBk dh 4041 ftXkBe FfjoK,

3894 wodwF[wkoh tkb/ FfjoK, 475

Ffjoh ;w{jK, 981 ftek; s'I pkjo/ ns/

238,617 rqkw gzukfJsK i' 6,40,867

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fgzvK bJh f}zw/tko jB, ftu gqGkth F[o{nks

fJj :ehBh pDkJ/rh fe jo/e gqFkfBe

fJekJh Jh-Fk;s j't/rh. fJ; ~ jk;b

eoB bJh w[ZYbh Fos g/Iv{ y/so ftu

fJzNoB?N dh ;j{bs d/Dk j? ns/ piN

ftu @fv}hNb Gkos# bJh 500 eo'V

o[gJ/ okyt/I oZy/ rJ/ jB. ;zy/g ftu, Jh-

Fk;B fJe nfijk edw j? fi; tk;s/

;oeko gfjbK jh gqfspZX j' u[Zeh j?, i'

fJe nfijk whb gZEo j? i' ;wkoN o?D-

p;/fonK d/ fBowkD bJh jk;b eoBk

nfs }o{oh j?.

feT[Ife Jh-Fk;B dh d/F Go ftu

F[o{nks j' ojh j?, jo/e xo ~ ;wkoN

pDkT[D bJh ezw eoBk f}nkdk Y[etK

j't/rk, pikfJ fe 100 FfjoK ~ ;wkoN

Ffjo pDkT[D #s/ jh fXnkB e/Idfos ehsk

ikt/. F[o{nks bJh 10,000 s'I tZX nkpkdh

tkb/ 4862 fgzvK ~ ;wkoN fgzv pDkfJnk

ik ;edk j?. fJ; sfjs Gkos dh

brGr 8H6 gqfsFs iB;zfynk nk ikt/rh.

fJ; s'I pknd, ;oeko 5,000 s'I 9999

dh nkpkdh tkb/ fgzvK tZb fXnkB d/

;edh j? i' Ffjo dh i{j d/ B/V/ jB.

fJ; sfjs g/Iv{ y/so dh Bkb brdh

13H2 gqfsFs t;'I nk ikt/rh. fJj oDBhsh

;wM nkT[Idh j? feT[Ife f}nkdkso tZv/

fgzv ns/ FfjoK-e;fpnK B/Vb/ fgzv ;w/I

Bkb Ffjoh pD ikDr/. ;', nrkT{I

:'iBkpzdh fJe tXhnk ftuko j?. Fk;B

d/ fdqFNhe'D s'I fJBQK fgzvK ~ ;wkoN

pDkT[D bJh ns/ ;/tktK w[jZJhnk eotkT[D

bJh fJBQK ~ g/Iv{ ftek; wzsokbk dh Jh-

gzukfJs :'iBk sfjs fbnKdk ik ;edk

j?. fJj :'iBk gzukfJs d/ ;zukbB d/

;ko/ gZyK dk jZb eodh j?, fi; ftu

:'iBkpzdh, fBrokBh, nwb, piN, b/yk,

;wkfie fj;kp-feskp ns/ Bkrfoe ;j{bsK

d/Dk fit/I gqwkD gZso ikoh eoB/, bkfJ;z;

nkfd pDkT[D/ Fkfwb jB. Jh-gzukfJs

:'iBk ~ ;wkoN FfjoheoB d/ T[d/F dh

:'iBkpzdh bJh tofsnk ik ;edk j?.

e/Ido ;oeko B/ ;{uBk s/ ;zuko seBkb'ih

ftu j'Jh soZeh ~ Jh-f;js ns/ Jh-

f;Zfynk d/ wkvb fte;s eoB bJh

tosD dh e'fFF ehsh j?. fJj edw

fgzvK ~ fXnkB ftu oZy e/ T[mkJ/ ikD/

ukjhd/ jB. fdZbh, w[zpJh, T[d:'fre

bKx/ torhnK :'iBktK Bkb th ;[w/b

j'Dk ukjhdk j?.

;[MkfJnk ik fojk j? fe fJj;[MkfJnk ik fojk j? fe fJj;[MkfJnk ik fojk j? fe fJj;[MkfJnk ik fojk j? fe fJj;[MkfJnk ik fojk j? fe fJj

tZy-tZy soihjK dk o{g j'DktZy-tZy soihjK dk o{g j'DktZy-tZy soihjK dk o{g j'DktZy-tZy soihjK dk o{g j'DktZy-tZy soihjK dk o{g j'Dk

ukjhdk j? sK fe :ehBh pDkfJnkukjhdk j? sK fe :ehBh pDkfJnkukjhdk j? sK fe :ehBh pDkfJnkukjhdk j? sK fe :ehBh pDkfJnkukjhdk j? sK fe :ehBh pDkfJnk

ik ;e/ jo/e g/Iv{ xo ns/ GftZyhik ;e/ jo/e g/Iv{ xo ns/ GftZyhik ;e/ jo/e g/Iv{ xo ns/ GftZyhik ;e/ jo/e g/Iv{ xo ns/ GftZyhik ;e/ jo/e g/Iv{ xo ns/ GftZyh

Ffjo ;wkoN pD ;e/. fJjFfjo ;wkoN pD ;e/. fJjFfjo ;wkoN pD ;e/. fJjFfjo ;wkoN pD ;e/. fJjFfjo ;wkoN pD ;e/. fJj

gj[zu GftZyh FfjoheoB bJh j/mKgj[zu GftZyh FfjoheoB bJh j/mKgj[zu GftZyh FfjoheoB bJh j/mKgj[zu GftZyh FfjoheoB bJh j/mKgj[zu GftZyh FfjoheoB bJh j/mK

s'I :'iBkpzdh tkbh ;'uh ik ;edhs'I :'iBkpzdh tkbh ;'uh ik ;edhs'I :'iBkpzdh tkbh ;'uh ik ;edhs'I :'iBkpzdh tkbh ;'uh ik ;edhs'I :'iBkpzdh tkbh ;'uh ik ;edh

j?, fJe nrkT{I s"o s/ o'eD tkbhj?, fJe nrkT{I s"o s/ o'eD tkbhj?, fJe nrkT{I s"o s/ o'eD tkbhj?, fJe nrkT{I s"o s/ o'eD tkbhj?, fJe nrkT{I s"o s/ o'eD tkbh

oDBhsh i' ftek; bJh :'iBkpzdhoDBhsh i' ftek; bJh :'iBkpzdhoDBhsh i' ftek; bJh :'iBkpzdhoDBhsh i' ftek; bJh :'iBkpzdhoDBhsh i' ftek; bJh :'iBkpzdh

tkbh j't/rh Bk fe p/fB:w/ Ffjohtkbh j't/rh Bk fe p/fB:w/ Ffjohtkbh j't/rh Bk fe p/fB:w/ Ffjohtkbh j't/rh Bk fe p/fB:w/ Ffjohtkbh j't/rh Bk fe p/fB:w/ Ffjoh

c?bkT[ d/ wZd/B}o gqfsfefonkekohc?bkT[ d/ wZd/B}o gqfsfefonkekohc?bkT[ d/ wZd/B}o gqfsfefonkekohc?bkT[ d/ wZd/B}o gqfsfefonkekohc?bkT[ d/ wZd/B}o gqfsfefonkekoh

oDBhsh. nZi ;oeko tb'I u[Ze/oDBhsh. nZi ;oeko tb'I u[Ze/oDBhsh. nZi ;oeko tb'I u[Ze/oDBhsh. nZi ;oeko tb'I u[Ze/oDBhsh. nZi ;oeko tb'I u[Ze/

ik oj/ f}nkdkso edw gqfsfefonkik oj/ f}nkdkso edw gqfsfefonkik oj/ f}nkdkso edw gqfsfefonkik oj/ f}nkdkso edw gqfsfefonkik oj/ f}nkdkso edw gqfsfefonk

jB tkb/ Bk fe nrkT{I s"o s/jB tkb/ Bk fe nrkT{I s"o s/jB tkb/ Bk fe nrkT{I s"o s/jB tkb/ Bk fe nrkT{I s"o s/jB tkb/ Bk fe nrkT{I s"o s/

o'eD tkb/.o'eD tkb/.o'eD tkb/.o'eD tkb/.o'eD tkb/.

;szpo 2011 ftu :{;\ w/jokbh

:kdrkoh GkFB fdzfdnK Gkos d/ T[g-

okFNogsh w[jzwd jkfwd nz;koh B/ Ffjoh

Fk;B ns/ ;/tktK w[jZJhnk eotkT[D ftu

;[Xko dhnK u[B"shnK pko/ rZb ehsh.

T[BQK tb'I fJ; ;zdoG ftu T[mkJ/ rJ/ d'

w[Zd/ gq;zfre jB. wkD:'r T[g-okFNogsh

tb'I T[mkfJnk frnk gfjbk B[esk ;h fe

@@fBt/F dh wksok ns/ T[BQK d/ nwb

bJh :'iBktK dh u'D okiBhse fyZu-X{j

ns/ nkofEe dpktK dh fFeko ojh j?.

id fe e[ZM nkb'ue ;kvhnK Ffjoh EktK

dh @ftfFFN geV# dh rZb eod/ jB,

d{i/ gSsktk eod/ jB fe @S/eD tkb/#

FfjoheoB dk \kfJdk e[M ;wkfie ;w{j

jh T[mk oj/ jB i' d{finK bJh jkBhekoB

j? ns/ ;o'sK dh w[jko tZv/ wjKBroK

tZb w'Vh ik ojh j?. f;ZN/ ti'I, S'N/ ns/

dofwnkB/ Ffjo p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ ftek;

ns/ }o{oh ;/tktK gqdkB eoB bJh b'VhId/

ftZs s'I tKM/ ofj iKd/ jB. d{ik, T[BQK B/

f}eo ehsk fe, @@;kv/ Ffjoh ;EkB ns/

;oekoh szso okiBhse MrfVnK ns/

nkofEe ;zxoFK d/ wzu pD rJ/ jB.

;kv/ Ffjoh ;EkBK ~ ;[XkoK ~ T[sFkfjs

eoB ns/ nfij/ ;[XkoK dk fto'X eoB

bJh tofsnk frnk j?. e[ZM iBse-fBZih

GkJhtkbh okjhI fBrw ;/tktK dk fBZiheoB

ukj[zd/ jB, fi; ftu ;oeko dh G{fwek

wfj} fJe fB:we iK ;jkfJsk eoB

tkbh j't/rh, d{i/ efjzd/ jB fe fJj

;wkfie ns/ nkofEe BkpokpohnK dk

;z;EkBheoB eo d/t/rk.## ;', ;oeko B/

fJj ;gZFN eoBk j? fe T[j fet/I :ehBh

pDkt/rh fe FfjoK d/ tk;hnK ~ p[fBnkdh

;j{bsK gqdkB eoBk fet/I :ehBh pDkfJnk

ikt/. ;oeko ~ Bk f;o\ toswkB

FfjohnK ~ ;j{bsK dh xkN dk jZb

eoBk gt/rk, ;r'I GftZy ftu j'D tkb/

iB;zfynk tkX/ ~ th fXnkB ftu b?Dk

gt/rk. n;b ftu, itkjo bkb Bfjo{

Ffjoh BthBheoB fwFB d/ fjZ;/ ti'I

fsnko ehshnK rJhnK Ffjoh ftek;

:'iBktK ftu FfjoK d/ GftZyh iB;zfynk

tkX/ dk e'Jh nzdk}k BjhI bkfJnk frnk.

fJj ;k~ ;wkoN o?D p;/o/ d/ nrb/

Gkr tZb b? e/ iKdk j? fi; dk ;zpzX

pD/ j'J/ tksktoB ns/ p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK

se gj[zu :ehBh pDkT[D Bkb j?.

2011 dh Gkos dh wodwF[wkoh d/

nzefVnK w[skpe, e[Zb 13H75 fwbhnB

xoK tkb/ M[ZrhnK ftu ofjzd/ jB, wsbp

Gkos d/ 17 gqfsFs Ffjoh t;Bhe

M[ZrhnK ftu ofjzd/ jB. fJj gqfsFs j'o

th tX ;edh j? i/ M[ZrhnK tor/ jkbks

ftu ofjD tkb/ Ffjoh xoK d/ nzeV/

fsnko eo bJ/ ikD. 2011 ftu, 4041

ftXkBe FfjoK ftu'I 63 gqfsFs ftu


M[ZrhnK j'D dh ikDekoh fwbh j?. r/NK

nzdo ofjD tkb/ ;w[dkfJ ns/ GhV

Go/, s[zBhnK j'JhnK t;shnK tkb/ FfjoK

~ ;wkoN pDkT[D dk ftuko pVk p/s[ek

fijk brdk j?. FfjoK ftu ofjD tkb/

26 gqfsFs gfotkoK tb'I rzdk iK nD;'fXnk

pkbD, fit/I bZeV, \;bK dh ofjzd-y{zjd,

r'j/ dhnK gkEhnK, e'bk nkfd tofsnk

iKdk j?. fJj ;wkoN T{oik u'D BjhI j?

feT[Ife rzd/ pkbD dh tos'I xoK nzdo

gqd{FB g?dk eodh j?. ;wkoN pDB dh

fJZSk oZyD tkb/ fe;/ th Ffjo iK e;p/

~ fJj :ehBh pDkT[D tZb ezw eoBk

j't/rk fe p[fBnkdh G"fse YKuk w"i{d

j't/. fJ; s'I pknd jh seBhe B[e;kB

~ o'eD ns/ tZy'-tZy ehwsK ftu ;jkfJe

j' ;e/rh. ;', Ffjoh Gkos d/ ;zdoG

ftu, gkDh, ;k\-;\kJh ns/ d{ihnK ofjD-

;fjD dhnK ftF/FsktK ftu ;[Xko bJh

;wkoN ;'u dh }o{os j't/rh. fJ;

eoe/, ;tkb fJj g?dk j[zdk j? fe fBrw

;/tktK dh r[DtZsk ftu ;[Xko fet/I j't/<

;wkoN \?;b/ b?D d/ ;zdoG ftu,

Gkosh FfjoK d/ ;zukbB gqfefonktK d/

tZy-tZy gZyK pko/ nzeV/ fBokFk dh jZd

se xZN jB i' ;wkoN fjzd;k gqDkbhnK

~ ;/tktK dh rshFhb bkrs #s/ ubkT[DhnK

f}nkdk ftjkoe jB. go fJ; dk fJj

wsbp BjhI fe ;wkoN \?;b/ b?Dk ns/

BkrfoeK dk ;FesheoB ftjkoe BjhI

j?. SZsh;rVQ torhnK e[ZM oki ;oekoK

B/ }o{oh gqpzXB ikDekoh gqDkbhnK fte;s

eo e/ iBse tzv gqDkbh d/ ezw eki

ftu ;[Xko fbnkT[D dh e'fFF ehsh j?.

okJ/g[o ftu fBZih ftneshnK ~ nkgDh

g;zd dh iBse tzv gqDkbh d[ekB u[DB

dk nfXeko fdsk frnk j? ns/ fwE/ gZXo

s'I T[bN xZN wksok ftu okFB nkfd

yohdD dh bue th fdsh rJh j?. fJe

s'I d{ih okFB dh d[ekB se okFB ekov

pdbD dh ;j{bs B/ rkjeK dh ;zs[FNsk

ftu tkXk ehsk j?. i/ Gkos dk jo/e

Ffjo okJ/g[o dh fw;kb ngDk bt/ sK

fJ; Bkb pj[s pdBkw j' u[Zeh iBse

tzv gqDkbh d/ ;zukbB ftu tZvk ;[Xko j'

;edk j?. nzsookFNoh gotk;hnK ns/

gotk;h w}d{oK bJh okFB ekov pdbD

dh ;j{bs fJe soeg{oD ;kXB j' ;edk

j?. i/ nkgD/ nkb/-d[nkb/ Mks wkohJ/ sK

pj[s ;kohnK gfjbedwhnK n}wkJhnK

rJhnK jB. u[B"sh fJBQK gfjbedwhnK

~ ;EkJh pDkT[D dh j? sK fe fJ; dk

bkG ;koh t;'I ~ fwb ;e/. fJ; gqfefonk

ftu, fJe |?o-;wkoN ns/ p/eko Ffjo

th ;wkoN, fBg[zB ns/ T[sgkde pD

;edk j?.

(b/ye uzdo F/yo fJzdok rKXh fJz;NhfuT{N

nk\ fvt?bgw?IN oh;ouo, w[zpJh fty/

n?;';hJ/N gq'c?;o j? ns/ fBjkfoek t?IeN/F

nkJh vh nkJh vh nko ftu ps"o y'ieko

ezw eo ojh j?.)

e-mail :[email protected] :[email protected]

fJ; rZb tZb fJFkok eodh j? fe itkB

wktK ~ pzrb"o Ffjo dhnK nfB;fussktK

Bkb f;ZMD bJh fgzv ftub/ gfotko tb'I

;fj:'r fdsk frnk.

fJj nzeV/ fJj th ;[MkT[Id/ jB fe

e[M nfB;fussktK ~ fgzv s'I Ffjo

fjios eoB tkbhnK ;wZf;nktK Bkb i'V

e/ t/fynk ik ;edk j?. pzrb"o ftu

fpskJ/ ;kb, T[BQK d/ nktk; dh ;wK

;hwk dk pZfunK ~ fgzv ftu SZvD #s/

]k;k gqGkt fgnk. pzrb"o ftu fJe ;kb

iK fJ; s'I xZN no;k ofjD tkbhnK

wktK d/ gzikj gqfsFs pZu/ nkgDhnK wktK

Bkb BjhI mfjo/. fJj gqfsFs 5 s'I 10

;kb d/ nktk; bJh xN e/ 16 gqfsFs

j' rJh. fizBk f}nkdk ;wK n"osK pzrb"o

ftu ojhnK T[Bk jh T[BQK ~ pZu/ fgzv

SZvD dh b'V xZN wfj;{; j'Jh.

pzrb"o ftu f}zdrh dhnK ;kohnK

w[FfebK dk n"osK tb'I pZu/ nkgD/ xo s'I

d{o SZvD #s/ fJe' fijk gqGkt BjhI

fgnk. nkgD/ xoK nzdo Bbek j'Dk,

pZfunK ~ xo s'I d{o SZvD d/ \?;b/ dh

wjZstg{oB ;ckJh BjhI fdzdk. fJj fJ;

sZE eoe/ j' ;edk j? fe j' ;edk j?

fJj ;j{bs FkfJd T[BQK d/ fgzv ftub/

xo ftu th Bk j't/. go xo d/ nzdo

r[;b]kBk j'D dk n;o }o{o t/yD ftu

nkfJnk. xo d/ nzdo r[;b]kB/ dk

j'Dk ns/ pZfunK ~ wK s'I d{o oZyD d/

\?;b/ ftukb/ fJe gqw[Zy ;zpzX }o{o ;h.

fJj ;zGt j? fe n"os tb'I oks ~ nkgD/

pZfunK ~ ;KM/ r[;b]kB/ ftu fbikT[D

dh fJ; \?;b/ ftu nfjw G{fwek j't/.

fgzv ftub/ xo ~ ;jkfJe gqDkbh

ti'I tosD dh fJe n"os w}d{o dh

:'rsk ;ko/ ;wkfie ;w{jK ~ pokpo

T[gbpX BjhI ;h. fJj j'o Xkofwe

;w{jK d/ w[ekpb/ fjzd{nK tb'I tZv/ gZXo

#s/ fJ;s/wkb ehsh rJh ns/ fjzd{nK ftu

th fJ; pko/ ek\h \oe fojk. fJj sZE

fe nB[;{fus ikshnK e'b fgzvK ftu T[Bk

p[fBnkdh YKuk BjhI j[zdk fi; nk;o/ T[j

n"os d/ Ffjo ftu ;Ekgs j'D se

pZfunK ~ fgzvK ftu oZy ;eD, fJj g/Iv{

iksh doikpzdh dh fJe T[dkjoD j? i'

Ffjoh pzrb"o dh ofjD-;fjD dh gZXsh

#s/ n;o nzdk} j[zdh j?.

pzrb"o ns/ Gkos d/ pj[s FfjoK

ftu fgzvK dk gqGkt pj[-nk:kwh j?. fJj

gqGkt Ffjo dhnK G{r'fbe jZdK d/ nzdo

ns/ e[M d{o t;/ fgzvK ftu th T[sgzB j'

;edk j?. fJe gqGkth Ffjoh Bhsh T[BQK

;ko/ w[ZfdnK ~ jZb eo/rh i' Gkosh

FfjoK #s/ n;o eod/ jB, Gkt/I fJj w[Zd/

d{o d[okv/ d/ g/Iv{ y/soK ftu jh g?dk

j'D.

(b/ye gq'c?;o, B?FBb fJz;NhfuT{N nk\ nvtK;

;NZvh}, pzrb"o j?.)


;\k 13 dh pkeh;\k 13 dh pkeh;\k 13 dh pkeh;\k 13 dh pkeh;\k 13 dh pkeh



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nkBzd ;j;okBwB ns/ ftF~ gq;kdnkBzd ;j;okBwB ns/ ftF~ gq;kdnkBzd ;j;okBwB ns/ ftF~ gq;kdnkBzd ;j;okBwB ns/ ftF~ gq;kdnkBzd ;j;okBwB ns/ ftF~ gq;kd

os ftu fBrwK d/ ftZs dh

gSkD g?;/ ns/ ;EkBe ;oekoK

d/ ekoiK ftukb/ brksko uZbD tkb/

sDkn d/ o{g ftu ehsh iKdh j?. Gkosh

FfjoK e'b you/ dhnK b'VK g{ohnK eoB

bJh wkbhnk fJeZmk eoB d/ ;kXB Bkek\h

jB. id fe 74thI ;zftXkBe ;'X Bkb

;EkBe ;oekoK ~ ezw eoB dh ek\h

][dw[yfsnkoh fdsh rJh, go fJ; d/

pokpo fdsh ikD tkbh ftZsh ][dw[yfsnkoh

wkw{bh ;h. ;zftXkB dh 74thI ;'X sfjs,

fBrw ;GktK tb'I ehs/ ikD tkb/ 18

ezwK ftu'I, nZX/ s'I xZN tk;s/ ftZsh ;o's

T[gbpX j?. ;EkBe ;oekoK oki ;oekoK

dh ;gZFN Bkw}{oh s'I fpBK Bk sK eo

dhnK doK fBoXkos eo ;edhnK jB

ns/ Bk jh fJBQK ~ fJeZm/ eoB dk

nkXko. oki ;oekoK fe; jZd se ;EkBe

;oekoK dh ftZsh ][dw[yfsnkoh ~ brkw

gk ;edhnK jB, fJj fJ; rZb s'I ;gZFN

j' iKdk j? fe eJh w"fenK #s/ oki

;oekoK ;EkBe ;oekoK bJh nkgD/ wkbhJ/

d/ ;o'sK ~ ysw eo fdzdhnK jB, T[j

th wkbhJ/ d/ pdbt/I ;kXBK dk gqpzX

ehs/ fpBK fit/I fe id'I oki;EkB ns/

jfonkDk B/ ;EkBe ;oekoK Bkb fpBK

wFtok ehs/ ikfJdkd eo ysw eo

fdsk, iK id'I gzikp B/ fpBK ;bkj

ehfsnK ikfJdkd eo dh jZd fJzBh T[`uh

fBoXkos eo fdsh fe brGr d' fsjkJh

ikfJdkdK ikfJdkd eo d/ dkfJo/ s'I

pkjo j' rJhnK. go fBrwK d/ ftZs

dhnK ;kohnK ;wZf;nktK bJh ;oeko d/

T[gob/ gVkn f}zw/tko BjhI jB. ;EkBe

;oekoK T[BQK eoK ns/ \h; dhnK FeshnK

~ mhe sohe/ Bkb fJ;s/wkb eoB ftu

n;cb ojhnK jB fi; dhnK fJ; e'b

skesK jB, ]k; eoe/ eo fJeZm/ eoB

bJh Y[ethI e'fFF. T[dkjoD ti'I, s/oQt/I

ftZs nk:'r B/ nzdk}k bkfJnk fe Gkos

ftu ikfJdkd eo T[rokj[D dh fBg[zBsk

37 gqfsFs j?, i' pj[s jh fBokFkiBe

nzeVk j?. Gkosh FfjoK ftu wkbhnk

g?dk eoB d/ pj[s Bht/I gZXo B/ fJBQK

FfjoK dhnK ;EkBe ;oekoK tb'I nkgD/

BkrfoeK ~ pj[s jh p[fBnkdh ;/tktK

w[jZJhnk eotkT[D d/ okj ftu nfVZek

vkfjnk j?. T[dkjoD bJh, j?dokpkd dh

40 gqfsFs t;'I e'b gkDh d/ eB?eFB

BjhI jB, pzrb"o dh 50 gqfsFs nkpkdh

;hto e[B?eFB s'I ;ZyDh j?. id fe

Gkos dh Ffjoh Bhsh dk ;kok }'o

wjKBroK #s/ bZrk j'fJnk j?, iBse

p[fBnkdh YKu/ ns/ ;/tktK d/D dh toswkB

jkbs Gkos d/ S'N/ ns/ dofwnkB/ FfjoK

ftu tZv/ FfjoK Bkb'I th f}nkdk ]soBke

j?. T[dkjoD ti'I, eoBkNe d/ S'N/ fij/

Ffjo ;qhozrkgNBk ftu 30 gqfsFs b'eK

dh e{V/dkB se gj[zu BjhI ns/ ;VeK d/

B?Ntoe ftu 51 gqfsFs d/ brGr ezw

pekfJnk fgnk j?.

fijVk e/Idoh ;tkb ;k~ x/odk j?,

S'N/ ns/ tZv/ FfjoK d/ ;zdoG ftu,

T[j fJj j? L eh nrb/ gzdoK ;kbK

ftu Ffjo iBse p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/

ftek; bJh fBozso ftZs gqpzXB eo

;eDr/ sK i' ;/tktK d/D ~ :ehBh

pDkfJnk ik ;e/, i' ;Ekgs wkgdzvK

d/ nB[e{b j'D<

FfjoK bJh ftZsh ;o'sFfjoK bJh ftZsh ;o'sFfjoK bJh ftZsh ;o'sFfjoK bJh ftZsh ;o'sFfjoK bJh ftZsh ;o's

fBrwK d/ ftZs d/ d' ;kXB jB -

fBrwK dk nkgDk wkbhnk ns/ ;¯fgnk iK

fdsk frnk wkbhnk. fBrwK dk nkgDk

wkbhnk T[j j[zdk j? i' fJ; tb'I eo ns/

\h; nkfd bk e/ fJeZso ehsk iKdk j?,

fit/I fe ikfJdkd eo ns/ gkDh d/

you/. ;¯fgnk frnk wkbhnk T[j j[zdk j?

i' ;oeko d/ T[gob/ gVktK tb'I ;EkBe

;oekoK ~ fdsk iKdk j? fit/I fe oki

ftZs nk:'r tb'I f;\koF ehsh rJh \zvK

dh ;g[odrh. ;EkBe ;oekoK e/Idoh iK

oki gZXoh :'iBktK bJh th g?;k gqkgs

eo ;edhnK jB fit/I fe okFNoh g/Iv{

o[}rko }kwBh ;ehw iK oki gZXo d/

wekB T[;koh dk gq'rokw.

Gkos dk Ffjoh p[fBnkdh YKuk

toswkB fBt/F d' b'VK }o{oh eoko fdzdk

j? L gfjbk, fJj :ehBh pDkT[Dk fe

p[fBnkdh YKuk ns/ ;/tktK d/D ftu

nkJh yV's iK pkeh ezw ~ nrb/ 15

;kbK ftu Y[et/I Yzr Bkb g{ok ehsk ikt/

ns/ d{ik, fJ;/ ;w/I ftu jh t;'I ftu

tkXk ns/ nkofEe ;orowhnK tXD eoe/

tkX{ b'VhId/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ dhnK b'VK

g{ohnK ehshnK ikD. Gkosh p[fBnkdh

GkGkGkGkGk


YKu/ ns/ ;/tktK pko/ fog'oN (2011)

ftu nB[wkB bkfJnk frnk j? fe FfjoK

~ 2009-10 dhnK ehwsK ~ nkXko wzB

e/, Ffjoh p[fBnkdh YKu/ #s/ 2012-2031

d/ 20 ;kbK d"okB 40 bZy eo'V o[gJ/

fBt/F eoB/ j'Dr/. FfjoK ~ roKNK ns/

itkjo bkb Bfjo{ okFNoh Ffjoh BthBheoB

fwFB tor/ gq'rokwK dk m[zwQDk d/Dk

;oeko d/ T[sb/ gVktK #s/ pj[s ftZsh

p'M gkT[Idk j?. b'VhId/ fBt/F d/ g?wkB/ ~

t/yfdnK ns/ e/Ido oki ;oekoK d/ ftZsh

jkbks ~ wZd/ B}o oZyfdnK, ;EkBe

;oekoK dh e/Ido ns/ oki ;oekoK #s/

ftFkb ftZsh fBoGosk fpbe[b th podkFs

BjhI j?. fJBQK jkbks ftu, Gkosh FfjoK

~ ;EkBe eo, \h; nkfd bkr{ eoe/

nkgDh wkbhnk t;{bh ~ ;[XkoBk j't/rk

ns/ fJ; d/ Bkb jh g{zihrs pk}ko s'I

T[Xko th u[ZeDk gt/rk.

nzdo{Bh gZXo T[s/nzdo{Bh gZXo T[s/nzdo{Bh gZXo T[s/nzdo{Bh gZXo T[s/nzdo{Bh gZXo T[s/

wkbhnk g?dk eoBkwkbhnk g?dk eoBkwkbhnk g?dk eoBkwkbhnk g?dk eoBkwkbhnk g?dk eoBk

fe;/ th fBrw ~ T[gbpX ftZs

ftebgK pko/ e'Jh th uouk T[; tb'I

nzdo{Bh s"o s/ g?dk ehs/ iKd/ wkbhJ/ dh

ikDekoh Bkb F[o{ eoBh j't/rh. nfijk

fJ; bJh feT[Ife fJj p[fBnkdh gZXo

#s/, fe;/ th fBrw tb'I nzdo{Bh wkbhJ/

dh t;{bh fJ; d/ Fk;B, gkodoFsk ns/

fJ; d/ gqFk;B dh itkpd/jh dh r[DtZsk

dh Mbe ftykT[Idh j?. fJ; eoe/ fJe

fBrw d/ nzdo{Bh ftZsh :'rsk dh ;whfynk

fJ; d/ Fk;B d/ gZXo dk \?;bk j[zdh

j?. fJe p/jso Fk;s fBrw dk wsbp

j? p/sjo ikDekoh dh T[gbpXsk, p/jso

;whfynk :'rsk ns/ fBg[zBsktK dk

p/jso fJeZsoheoB i' nZr/ uZb e/ nzdo{Bh

wkbhnk :zsoK d[nkok g?dk ehs/ rJ/

wkbhJ/ dh wksok ftu Mbe wkod/ jB.

pkoQtK ftZs nk:'r fJFkok eodk j?

fe 2001-02 ftu Gkosh fBrw y/so dk

e[Zb wkbhnk e[Zb xo/b{ T[sgkd dk wfj}

0H67 gqfsFs ;h, fi; ftu fBrwK dk

nkgDk wkbhnk f;o\ 0H38 gqfsFs pDdk

;h. fJj nzeV/ Bk f;o\ wkBe gZXo d/

jB go fJj fte;s j' oj/ d{i/ noEukfonK

Bkb'I fes/ xZN jB, T[dkjoD ti'I pqk}hb,

fiE/ fBrwK dk wkbhnk e[Zb xo/b{ T[sgkd

dk 7H4 gqfsFs ns/ nkgDk wkbhnk e[Zb

xo/b{ T[sgkd dk 2H6 gqfsFs j?. j'o

nZr/, nkgD/ xZN j' oj/ wkbhJ/ dh

nB[gks dk fuzskiBe o[MkB j? fiE/ FfjoK

dk e[Zb wkbhnk 2002-03 d/ 63H5 gqfsFs

d/ w[ekpb/ 2001-08 ftu fvr e/ 52H9

gqfsFs ofj frnk.

ikfJdkd eoikfJdkd eoikfJdkd eoikfJdkd eoikfJdkd eo

ikfJdkd eo fBrwK bJh ;G s'I

wjZstg{oB fBZih wkbhnk j[zdk j?. s/oQt/I

ftZs nk:'r dk nB[wkB j? fe fJeZso

ehsk frnk ikfJdkd eo e[Zb xo/b{

T[sgkd dk 0H16 ns/ 0H24 gqfsFs d/

ftueko j[zdk j?. T[j w[Zdk ;kjwD/

fbnkT[Id/ jB fe ikfJdkdK dh wkVh

;whfynk 56 gqfsFs, xNhnk fJeZsoheoB

dh fBgz[Bsk 37 gqfsFs ns/ j'o p[fBnkdh

s"o s/ ikfJdkd dh ehws nKeD d/ tos/

rJ/ Yzr sohe/ fBjkfJs jh rbs jB.

fJe tXhnk ikfJdkd eo gqDkbh

gzi EzwQK T[s/ yVQh j[zdh j? - gSkD, ;{uh

gqpzXB, ;whfynk, fJeZsoheoB ns/ skwhb

dhnK gqDkbhnK. G{r'fbe ikDekoh gqDkbh,

i' fJe Ffjo dhnK ;kohnK ikfJdkdK d/

BeF/ pDkT[D bJh tosh iKdh j?, ~

bkr{ eoB Bkb ikfJdkdK dh ;whfynk

eoB #s/ pVk tZvk n;o gt/rk feT[Ife

fJ; Bkb fBrw gqpzXB ~ fJe t/yD

tkbk, ftFkb :zso gqkgs j' ikt/rk fi;

;dek eo d/ dkfJo/ s'I pkjobhnK ikfJdkdK

dk y[ok-y'i BkgD ftu tZvh wdd

fwb/rh. G{r'fbe ikDekoh gqDkbh dh

Gkosh FfjoK ftu bkr{ eoB dk nwb

Gkt/I ;[;s j? go nfjwdkpkd, pzrb"o

ns/ j?dokpkd tor/ FfjoK ftu G{r'fbe

ikDekoh gqDkbh BeF/ jB fiBQK dh ikfJdkd

eo dh ;whfynk bJh tos'I F[o{ j' u[Zeh

j?. n;b ftu, s/oQt/I ftZs nk:'r dk

fJj th nB[wkB j? fe i/ Gkos Go dh

ikfJdkd ;whfynk ns/ fJeZso eoB dhnK

doK 85 gqfsFs j'D sK ikfJdkd eo s'I

gqkgs wkbhnk e[Zb xo/b{ T[sgkd dk

0H68 gqfsFs j't/rk i' toswkB ;w/I Bkb'I

fszB iK uko r[Dk tZX j't/rk.

fiE'I se ;whfynk d/ Yzr sohfenK

dk ;zpzX j?, itkjo bkb Bfjo{

okFNoh Ffjoh BthBheoB fwFB dh

F[o{nks Bkb fgSb/ e[M ;kbK ftu

fJ; gqDkbh ftu ;[Xko B}o nk fojk

j?, fi; sfjs feokfJnk ek~BK ftu

;[Xko dh b'V j?. fJ; eoe/ e[M

okiK tb'I feokfJnk ek~B ftu ;'XK

ehshnK rJhnK jB ns/ nkgD/ ikfJdkd

eoe/ fB}kw ~ noX-pk}koh y/so

nkXkfos gqDkbh w[skpe d[pkok s'I

pDkfJnk frnk j?. fJ; ftu ikfJdkd

dh ehws T[; d/ ;EkB ns/ tos'I #s/

nkXkfos j[zdh j? i' g[okD/ feokfJnk

ehws nkXkfos gqDkbh s'I jN e/ j?.

fJ; bJh fJj }o{oh j? fe Gkosh

FfjoK ~ y/so nkXkfos gqDkbh ns/

nzs ~ g{zihrs ehws gqDkbh tZb

w[VB bJh T[sFkfjs ehsk ikt/ sK

fe }whB dh ehws w[ZbzeD ftu tkX/

dk ;jh \kfJdk u[Zfenk ik ;e/. fJj

ikfJdkd eo ~ wkbhJ/ dk fJe

][FB[wk ;o's pDk ;edk j?.

s/oQtK ftZs nk:'r efjzdk j? fe U

Jh ;h vh d/FK ftu ikfJdkd eo e[Zb

xo/b{ T[sgkd dk brGr 2 gqfsFs j?

id fe fte;s ns/ pdbkn d/ d"o ftu'I

r[}o oj/ d/FK ftu 0H65 gqfsFs j?.

e[Zb xo/b{ T[sgkd d/ 0H20 gqfsFs Bkb,

Gkos ~ ikfJdkd eoK d/ y/so ftu fJBQK

wkgdzvK tZb gfjbedwh eoBh gt/rh.


e[Zb xo/b{ T[sgkd dk 0H50 gqfsFs j'D

#s/ th Gkos ftu ikfJdkd eo dh t;{bh

pj[s tZvh gZXo #s/ 20,000 eo'V o[gJ/ j'

ikt/rh i' toswkB 8000 eo'V o[gJ/ Bkb'I

fes/ tZX j't/rh. U Jh ;h vh d/ gZXo

#s/ fJj oew 1 bZy eo'V se g[Zi ;edh

j?.

Gkos ftu ikfJdkd eo fB}kw dk

fJe wjZstg{oB gZy fJj j? fe

ikfJdkd eo dhnK doK f}nkdkso

oki ;oekoK tb'I fBoXkos ehshnK

iKdhnK jB, Bk fe FfjoK tb'I. fJj

fte/IdoheoB d/ f;XKs nB[;ko BjhI

j? ns/ gqGkth s"o s/ fBrwK e'b

ftZs dk w[Zy :zso y'j b?Idk j?.

ikfJdkd eo s'I fpBK, FfjoK #s/ f}zw/-

tkohnK dk tZvk p'M ofj iKdk j?

fi; ~ g{ok eoB bJh e'Jh ftF/F

ftZsh ;kXB BjhI j[zdk. fJ; ;zdoG

ftu, fte;s j' oj/ d/FK fit/I dZyDh

n\ohek d/ ikfJdkd eo fB}kw dk

nfXn?B eoBk bkj/tzdk j't/rk fiE/

;ko/ fBrwK ftu ikfJdkdK dh ehws

dk nB[wkB g{zihrs ehws gqDkbh

nB[;ko eoBk }o{oh eoko fdsk frnk

j? s/ fJj th ;gZFN ehsk frnk fe

;kohnK ikfJdkdK dk gzi ;kb pknd

d[pkok nB[wkB bkfJnk ikt/rk. fJj

e/Ido dk ;gZFN fBod/F :ehBh

pDkT[Idk j? fe ikfJdkd eo dhnK

doK ns/ eo fJeZso eoB #s/ FfjoK

dk nfXeko j't/rk, w[Bk;p ;hwktK

d/ nzdo, sK i' rbs doK Bk bkr{

j'D.

tos'I T[`s/ eo doKtos'I T[`s/ eo doKtos'I T[`s/ eo doKtos'I T[`s/ eo doKtos'I T[`s/ eo doK

fBrwK d/ ftZs bJh d{ik tZvk ;kXB

tos'I eo j? i' gkDh g{osh, ;hto/i ns/

e{Vk-eoeN u[etkT[D fijhnK ;/tktK #s/

bkfJnk iKdk j?. fJj uh}K fBZih

ftF/Fsk tkbhnK jB ns/ fJBQK ;/tktK dk

\kfJdk xo/b{ gZXo #s/ fBZih fejk ik

;edk j?. id fe iBse fto'X dh e'Jh

;zGktBk BjhI j?, fJBQK ;/tktK #s/ tos'I

eo bkT[Dk pj[s nk;kB j?. go Gkos

ftu tos'I eo s'I T[rokfjnk frnk wkbhnk

fBokFk dh jZd se xZN j?, fit/I fe

nzefVnK ftu do;kfJnk frnk j? fe

Ffjoh ;EkBe ;GktK tb'I |?o-eo wkbhnk

e[Zb xo/b{ T[sgkd dk 0H18 gqfsFs j?.

tos'I eo fB}kw dh nDj'Id ftu Ffjo

e[M w[YbhnK xZN'-xZN ;/tktK w[jZJhnk

eotkT[D s'I th n;woE jB.

w[Ybh xZN'-xZN ;/tk d/D bJh, gqubD

ns/ oZy-oykn d/ you/ g{o/ eoB bJh

tos'I eo bkT[Dk }o{oh j?. pkti{d fJ;

d/ fe fJ; sZE #s/ itkjo bkb Bfjo{

okFNoh Ffjoh BthBheoB fwFB sfjs

pj[s fXnkB fdsk frnk j?, 10 s'I th

xZN FfjoK tb'I ib g{osh ns/ ;hto/i

;/tktK dh bkrs dh g{oh t;{bh ehsh

rJh j?. fJE/ fJj dZ;Dk tkip j't/rk

fe f}nkdkso wkwfbnK ftu tos'I eo

bkT[D bJh FfjoK ~ oki ;oeko s'I

wB}{oh b?Dh g?Idh j?. fJ; Bkb T[BQK dh

Y[ethnK eo doK fBoXkos eoB dh

:'rsk #s/ n;o g?Idk j?. ikfJdkd eo

tKr, tos'I eo bkT[D dk nfXeko FfjoK

e'b j'Dk ukjhdk j? sK fe p/jso ;/tktK

d/D ~ T[sFkj fwb/. tos'I eoK dh

;w/I-;w/I ;whfynk th b'VhIdh j? sK fe

;/tktK d/D #s/ nkJ/ you/ t;{b/ ik

;eD. go tos'I eo tXkT[D Bkb jh

;/tktK d/ gZXo ftu th gqsZy ;[Xko j'Dk

ukjhdk j? sK fe eo ftu tkXk ndkfJrh

eoB bJh iBsk bJh ;[yktK j't/. Gkos

ns/ ftFt d/ siop/ do;kT[Id/ jB fe

xoK tkb/ Go';/:'r ns/ fBozso ;/tktK

tk;s/ g?;/ youD ~ fsnko jB. FfjoK

~ T[g:[es tos'I eo bkT[D/ ukjhd/ jB

ns/ fJj :ehBh pDkT[Dk ukjhdk j? fe

e'Jh th eok;-;pf;vh ~ fJ; soQK :'iBkpZX

ehsk ikt/ fe gqubB ns/ oZy-oykn dh

e[Zb bkrs t;{b j' ikt/, Gkt/I soe;zrs

b'V fJj j't/ fe t;'I d/ tZy-tZy GkrK

e'b'I tZy-tZy eo t;{b/ ikD.

id'I se Ffjo ikfJdkd ns/ tos'I

eo brk e/ f}nkdk wkbhnk fJeZso BjhI

eod/, fJj t/yDk w[Ffeb j't/rk fe

Gkos ftu T[u gZXo dhnK ;/tktK d/D

dk iBkd/F fe; soQK jk;b ehsk ik

;edk j?. T[dkjoD bJh, i/ Gkosh

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eoB d/ wkgdzv jk;b eo b?D sK

nzdo{Bh s"o s/ fJeZmk ehsk wkbhnk

toswkB Bkb'I ;Zs r[Dk j't/rk. nkgD/

wkbhJ/ d/ nkXko ftu nfij/ tkX/ dk

wsbp j't/rk fe nkgD/ wkbhJ/ ns/ ;¯g/

ikD tkb/ wkbhJ/ ftu ;zpzX ~ toswkB

1H3 d/ nB[gks ~ 9 iK 10 se pdfbnk

ik ;edk j?. fJj eJh wknfBnK ftu

Gkosh FfjoK d/ nkgD/ wkbhnk ;o'sK d/

ftek; bJh nfjw ;zGktBktK ~ do;kT[Idk

j?.

ftZs bJh pk}ko dk bkG T[mkT[DkftZs bJh pk}ko dk bkG T[mkT[DkftZs bJh pk}ko dk bkG T[mkT[DkftZs bJh pk}ko dk bkG T[mkT[DkftZs bJh pk}ko dk bkG T[mkT[Dk

id'I Ffjo d/ wkbhJ/ d/ :zso fJe

tkoh ezw eoB bZr ikD sK g{zihrs

pk}ko s'I eo}k gqkgs eoB dhnK ;zGktBktK

y[ZbQ iKdhnK jB. nzdo{Bh wkbhJ/ d/

;o's, fit/I ikfJdkd eo ns/ tos'I eo

fBrwK bJh ftZs gqkgs eoB d/ ;G s'I

nfjw ;kXB jB feT[Ife gqGkth, T[whd d/

w[skpe wkbhnk fJeZso ehs/ fpBK, ftZs

d/ Bt/I ns/ pkjoh ;o'sK ~ nkeofFs

eoBk fJe tZvh u[B"sh j't/rh. pkjoh

;o's, Gkt/I T[j p?Ie eo}/, pKv iK

g{zihrs pk}ko d/ d{i/ ;kXB j'D, fJj

;ko/ ;kXB fBrwK tb'I nzdo{Bh s"o s/

fJeZso wkbhJ/ ns/ i' GftZy ftu fJeZmk

ehsk ikt/rk, T[; d/ nkXko #s/ T[; ~

T[gbpX j'Dr/. nfijk fJ; bJh feT[Ife

e'Jh tko eo}k ftZs dk fJe nrkT{I

;o's j[zdk j? fi; dk soe g/FhBr'Jh

:'r, fBrwK tb'I T[gikJ/ wkbhJ/ dh


fBozso tkg;h ndkfJrh j[zdk j? i' T[;

tb'I GftZy ftu fJeZso eoB dh nk;

ehsh iKdh j?, fJ; bJh, fJ; ~ ftZs d/

tkX{ ;o's ti'I BjhI fbnk ik ;edk. fJ;

eoe/ eo}k g[]srh Bkb gfotosB fdzdk

j?, fi; Bkb Ffjo bw/ ;w/I dh :'iBkpzdh

eoB d/ ;woZE j' iKd/ jB. fJe fBrw

~ fJj do;kT[Dk j't/rk fe T[j toswkB

nkXko #s/ ftZs dk ;EkJh GzvkoB eoB d/

;woZE j?, fJ; s'I gfjbK fe fJj pkjoh

eo}/ ~ nkeofFs eoB dh nk; eo/.

fJ; bJh, pkjoh ns/ tgkoe eo}/ dk

bkG T[mkT[D pko/ ;'uD s'I gfjbK fe;/

th fBrw d/ nzdo{Bh ftZsh jkbks dh

f;js pj[s tXhnk j'Dh ukjhdh j?. fJj

wfj;{; eoBk pj[s nfjw j? fe g{zihrs

pk}ko s'I ftZs gqkgs eoBk fJzBk ;[Gkfte

ns/ ;fji BjhI j?. i/ e/Ido iK oki

;oekoK FfjoK dh b'V nB[;ko xZN

bkrs tkbk ftZs w[jZJhnk eotkT[D dh

Fkjdh Go ;edhnK j[zdhnK sK e[dosh

s"o s/ fJj ;G s'I nkeoFe ftebg j'Dk

;h. go, e/Ido ns/ oki ;oekoK dhnK

ftZsh wip{ohnK t/yfdnK j'fJnK, g{zihrs

pk}ko s'I ftZs gqkgs eoBk }o{oh j' iKdk

j?.

fBrw d/ foD-gZsofBrw d/ foD-gZsofBrw d/ foD-gZsofBrw d/ foD-gZsofBrw d/ foD-gZso

Gkos ftu fBrwK d/ foD-gZsoK dk

ftuko BtK BjhI j?. 1998 ftu

nfjwdkpkd Bro fBrw tb'I gkDh g{osh

dh p[fBnkdh YKuk fte;s eoB bJh

ikoh ehs/ foD-gZsoK Bkb fJ; dh F[o{nks

j'Jh. pknd ftu j?dokpkd, u/BZJh, Bkrg[o,

fJzd"o, wd[okfJ, b[fXnkDk ns/ ftFkykgNBw

nkfd FfjoK d/ Bro fBrwK tb'I th

fBrw foD-gZso ikoh ehs/ rJ/. ;zB

2000 ftu eo-w[es fBrw foD-gZso

F[o{ j'D Bkb eo-ofjs foD gZsoK dh

fJe bzph bVh nkozG j'Jhl 900 eo'V

o[gJ/ s'I tZX d/ eo-ofjs fBrw foD-

gZso ikoh ehs/ rJ/. fBrw foD gZso

pk}ko pKv ikoh eoB ftu tZvh T[Skb

bJh fsnko B}o nk fojk ;h go nfijk

j' Bk ;fenk. fJ; dk fJe ekoB itkjo

bkb Bfjo{ okFNoh Ffjoh BthBheoB

fwFB th j' ;edk j?. itkjo bkb

Bfjo{ okFNoh Ffjoh BthBheoB fwFB

sfjs 1H15 bZy eo'V o[gJ/ d/ e[Zb

;thfeqs fBt/F ftu'I brGr 53 gqfsFs

;oeko s'I ;jkfJsk d/ o{g ftu gqkgs

j'fJnk fi; Bkb p/FZe, Ffjoh p[fBnkdh

YKu/ d/ fBt/F ftu tkXk ;kjwD/ nkfJnk,

go fJ; Bkb jh FfjoK tb'I pk}ko s'I

ftZs nkeofFs eoB dhnK e'fFFK th

fBoT[sFkfjs j' rJhnK. fJ; Bkb mhe

jh ;oekoh g?;/ tb'I tgkoe ftZs ~ pkjo

dk o;sk fdykT[D d/ s"yfbnK ~ th pb

fwfbnk, fi; dk ;p{s itkjo bkb Bfjo{

okFNoh Ffjoh BthBheoB fwFB F[o{ j'D

T[gozs xZN wksok ftu fBrw foD-gZso

ikoh j'Dk j?. itkjo bkb Bfjo{ okFNoh

Ffjoh BthBheoB fwFB iK Bt/I gq;skfts

100 ;wkoN FfjoK dhnK :'iBktK bJh

;gZFN b'V do;kJh ikDh ukjhdh j? fe

g{zihrs pk}ko s'I eo}k gqkgs ehsk

ikt/, fi; Bkb fJj :ehBh pDkfJnk ik

;e/ fe ;oeko d/ nbg ;kXBK ~

f}nkdk nfjw iBse :'iBktK bJh T[gbpX

eotkfJnk ikt/. fJj ;zGt j' ;e/rk i/

jo/e :'iBk ~ nzFe iK g{o/ s"o s/ fJBQK

roKNK dk ftZs w[jZJhnk eotkfJnk ikt/.

fBrw foD gZso pk}ko ftu ;KMh

foD-gZso gqDkbh d/ o{g ftu pj[s ehwsh

y'i ;kjwD/ nkJh j? fi; Bkb T[Xko b?D

dh ;woZEk Bk oZyD tkb/ S'N/ ns/

dofwnkB/ FfjoK ~ g{zihrs pk}ko se

gj[zu eoB ftu wdd fwbdh j?. ;KMk

ftZs pj[s ;ko/ FfjoK ~ fJeZm/ j'D ns/

fJe fJekJh ti'I T[Xko b?D ns/ nkofEesk

s/ eo}/ ftu tkX/ d/ \kfJd/ fwbd/ jB.

i/ T[BQK B/ fJeZb/-fJeZb/ pk}ko se gj[zu

ehsh j't/ sK fJ; d/ w[ekpb/ T[BQK ~ xZN

bkrs #s/ fJeZm/ j' e/ g{zihrs pk}ko se

gj[zu eoB dk w"ek fwbdk j?. fJe

;zebg ti'I, ;KMk ftZs sfwbBkv{ ns/

eoBkNe ftu ;cb foD-gZso ikoh eoB

Bkb nkgDh T[g:'rsk ;Ekgs eo u[Zek

j?. S'N/ FfjoK tb'I ;woEk fte;s eoB,

gqfefonktK ns/ gqDkbhnK dh r[DtZsk

ftu ;[Xko, f}nkdk skesto, f}nkdk

eo}/ b?D dh ;woZEk tkbhnK fJekJhnK

d/ wkwb/ ftu fJ; ;zebg d/ p/sjkFk

\kfJd/ jB. oki gZXoh ;KMhnK ftZsh

fJekJhnK (n?; gh n?\ Jh n?;) ek\h

okiK ftu ;Ekgs ehshnK rJhnK jB sK

fe ;KM/ ftZs d/ w[ZfdnK ~ T[sFkfjs

ehsk ik ;e/, go f}nkdkso n?; gh n?c

Jh n?; dk jkb/ ;zubkB BjhI j'fJnk.

fJj :ehBh pDkT[D #s/ pb d/Dk ukjhdk

j? fe fJj pk}ko ;orow j't/ ns/ S'N/

fBrwK ~ eo}k d/D tkb/ g{zihrs pk}koK

se gj[zu gqkgs j't/.

Gkos d/ ;zdoG ftu nfjw pk}koh

p[fBnkdh YKu/ dk fJe nzr toswkB

ftu Bdkod j? L pk}ko pDkT[D dk

;z;EkB i' Bro fBrwK ~ eo}/ ikoh

eoB bJh }kwBh d/t/. fJj ;z;EkB j/m

fbyhnK oDBhshnK ngDk e/ fBrw foD

gZso pk}ko ftu ;orowhnK ~ s/} eo

;edk j? L-

(1) fBrw d/ eof}nK bJh }kwBh

d/Dk sK fe tgkoe p?IeK ~ fBrwK ~

T[Xko d/D bJh b[GkfJnk ik ;e/.

(2) fBrw d/ foD-gZsoK d/ xZN

do tkb/ gVktK ftu fBt/F eoBk fi;

Bkb fBZih fBt/FeK ~ T[u do tkb/ g{zih

YKu/ d/ gVktK ftu fBt/F eoB bJh

T[sFkfjs ehsk ik ;e/.

(3) ftF/F ;KM/ foD-gZso w[ZfdnK

dh f}zw/tkoh u[ZeDk ns/

(4) foD gZso tkbhnK ftZs :'iBktK

~ xZN wjZst tkb/$nXhB eo}/ d/Dk.

pkeh ;\k 23 T[`s/pkeh ;\k 23 T[`s/pkeh ;\k 23 T[`s/pkeh ;\k 23 T[`s/pkeh ;\k 23 T[`s/



FfjoheoB s/ nkXkoe YKu/ dk ftek; ns/ u[B"shnKFfjoheoB s/ nkXkoe YKu/ dk ftek; ns/ u[B"shnKFfjoheoB s/ nkXkoe YKu/ dk ftek; ns/ u[B"shnKFfjoheoB s/ nkXkoe YKu/ dk ftek; ns/ u[B"shnKFfjoheoB s/ nkXkoe YKu/ dk ftek; ns/ u[B"shnK

gothB ;bdhgothB ;bdhgothB ;bdhgothB ;bdhgothB ;bdh

osh rDszso d/ ;zxh YKu/

ftu e/Ido ns/ okiK dhnK

FeshnK ns/ T[BQK d/ ekoi y/so sfjs

ftfFnK dk ;zftXkB ftu pk]{ph fpnkB

ehsk frnk j?. ftd/FK Bkb e{NBhse

ns/ nkofEe ;zpzX ns/ d/F dh ;[oZfynk

ns/ J/esk s/ nyzvsk Bkb i[V/ wkwfbnK

dh f;ZfXnK f}zw/tkoh e/Ido ;oeko dh

j[zdh j? go b'e efbnkD ns/ ftek; d/

w[Zd/ e/Ido ns/ oki ;oekoK d'jK d/ ekoi

y/so sfjs nkT[Id/ jB ns/ d't/I fJ;

bJh pokpo d/ Gkrhdko ns/ f}zw/tko

j[zd/ jB.

d/F d/ ;zftXkB nB[;ko, Ffjoh

ftek; dk wkwbk okiK d/ ekoi

y/so dk ftFk j? go Gkos ;oeko

th fJ; ftu fJe wjZstg{oB G{fwek

ndk eodh j? feT[Ife ;w[Zu/ d/F

bJh Bhsh fBoXkoB eoBk ns/

e/Ido tb'I tZy-tZy okiK ftu ubkJhnK

ik ojhnK e/Idoh ;ehwK ns/ gq'rokwK

bJh g{zih w[jZJhnk eokT[Dk e/Ido

;oeko dh f}zw/tkoh j?.

nkpkdh d/ fe;/ th ;w{j dk nkofEe

ns/ ;wkfie gfog/y, T[; dh t;'I d/

G"fseh y/so dh G[r'fbe Feb ;{os ns/

YKuk, T[gbpX e[dosh ;o's ns/ ;/tktK

ns/ ;j{bsK, Ffjoh ftek; d/ nfs

wjZstg{oB w[Zd/ jB. fJ; d/ Bkb-Bkb,

Ffjoh y/soK ~ fJe u[;s-do[;s, JhwkBdko

ns/ e[Fb gqFk;B ns/ ;j{bsK dk b'e

efbnkD bJh ftek; eo ;e/ ns/ uzr/

gqFk;eh Yzr Bkb T[BQK ~ ubk ;e/.

2011 dh wodwF[wkoh nB[;ko, 1

wkou 2011 ~ Gkos dh e[Zb nkpkdh

121 eo'V ;h fi; dk 31H16 gqfsFs

fjZ;k iK 37 eo'V 71 bZy b'e FfjoK

ftu ofjzd/ ;B. fgSb/ fJe djke/ (2001

s'I 2011 se) d/F dh e[Zb nkpkdh 103

eo'V s'I tX e/ 121 eo'V j' rJh go

Ffjoh y/soK ftu, fJ; ;w/I d"okB, 9

eo'V 10 bZy t;'I dk tkXk j'fJnk i'

g/Iv{ y/so dh nkpkdh ftu j'J/ tkX/ Bkb'I

3H35 gqfsFs tX/o/ ;h. Ffjoh y/so d/

w[ekpb/, Gkos ftu g/Iv{ y/so dh nkpkdh

i' 2001 ftu 74 eo'V 30 bZy ;h,

2011 ftu tX e/ 83 eo'V 30 bZy s'I

tZX j' rJh. nzefVnK s'I gsk brdk j?

fe Gkos ftu Ffjoh nkpkdh ftu s/}h

Bkb tkXk j' fojk j?, fco th fJj

d[BhnK d/ pj[s/ d/FK dh Ffjoh t;'I d/

w[ekpb/ pj[s xZN j?, i' n";s 50

gqfsFs s'I tZX j?. 12thI gzi ;kbk :'iBk

d/ F[o{nksh ;kb 2012 ftu fiE/ Gkos

dh Ffjoh nkpkdh d/F dh e[Zb nkpkdh

d/ w[ekpb/ 31H6 gqfsFs ;h, T[E/ uhB

ftu fJj nB[gks 45 gqfsFs, fJzv'B/Fhnk

ftu 54 gqfsFs ns/ w?e;he' ftu 78

gqfsFs ;h.

go n;hI fJ; y/so ftu ni/ pj[s

gSV/ j'J/ jK ns/ FfjoK ftu b'VhIdhnK

;j{bsK d/ y/so ftu sK Xoksb #s/ jK

ns/ pj[s/ FfjoK ftu, ;EkBe gqFk;B ~

gkDh, fpibh, ;k\-;\kJh, ;VeK iK b'eK

Bkb i[V/ fe;/ j'o w[Zd/ s/ nkw eoe/ b'eK

d/ r[Z;/ dk fFeko j'Dk g?Idk j?.

go fJj th jehes j? fe Ffjo

nkofEe ns/ ;wkfie ftek; d/ fJziD

jB feT[Ife fe;/ th d/F dk ;w[Zuk

T[d:'r ns/ tgko FfjoK ftu e/Idos

ofjzdk j?. i/ fe;/ T[d:'r dh ;EkgBk

G[r'fbe jkbks ns/ eZu/ wkb dh T[gbpXsk

ekoB fe;/ d{o-dok} d/ g/Iv{ y/so ftu j'

th iKdh j? sK e[M ;wK gk e/ T[j

nkgDh T[gi d/ wzvheoB bJh nktkikJh

dhnK ;j{bsK ftu tkXk eoe/ ns/ nkgD/

feoshnK bJh wekB ns/ j'o p[fBnkdh

;j{bsK g?dk eoe/ fJe tZvh t;'I tkbk

ns/ ihtB dhnK ;G ;j{bsK tkbk nkX[fBe

y/so pD iKdk j? ns/ Ffjoh y/so dh

gfoGkFk nB[;ko, Ffjoh t;'I dh frDsh

ftu F[wko j' iKdk j?.

fJ; soQK 2011 dh wodwF[wkoh

nB[;ko, T[; s'I fgSb/ fJe djke/ ftu

Gkos ftu 2774 Bt/I S'N/ Ffjo, FfjoK

dh frDsh ftu Fkfwb j' rJ/ ;B.

okFNoh okiXkBh y/so fdZbh ns/ e/Ido

Fk;s gqd/F uzvhrVQ, 97 gqfsFs s'I tZX

Ffjoh nkpkdh Bkb d/F ftu ;G s'I tZX

FfjoheoB j' frnk j?. okiK ftu, Gkos

ftu r'nk ;G s'I tZX Ffjoh nkpkdh

tkbk gqd/F j?. fJ; oki dh Ffjoh

nkpkdh i' 2001 ftu oki dh e[Zb

nkpkdh d/ w[ekpb/ 49H8 gqfsFs ;h, s/}h

Bkb tX e/ 2011 ftu 62H2 gqfsFs j'

GkGkGkGkGk


rJh. T[; t/b/ d/F d/ dZyDh oki

sfwbBkv{ ftu 48 gqfsFs b'e FfjoK

ftu ofjzd/ ;B go fJ; d/ Bkb brd/

e/ob ftu Ffjoh nkpkdh fJe djkek

gfjbK f;o\ 25H9 gqfsFs ;h go 2011

d/ wodwF[wkoh nzefVnK nB[;ko fJ;

gqd/F ftu Ffjoh t;'I s/}h Bkb tX e/

47H72 gqfsFs j' rJh. T[so-g{oph okiK

ftu wh}'okw ;G s'I tZX Ffjoh nkpkdh

tkbk gqd/F j? ns/ fJE'I dh 51H5 gqfsFs

nkpkdh FfjoK ftu t; ojh j?. f;Zew,

i' fJe djkek gfjbK f;o\ 11 gqfsFs

Ffjoh t;'I tkbk gqd/F ;h, 2011 ftu

25 gqfsFs Ffjoh nkpkdh tkbk gqd/F

pD frnk. fjwkub gqd/F f;o\ 10

gqfsFs, fpjko 11H3 gqfsFs, n;w 14H1

gqfsFs ns/ UvhFk 16H7 gqfsFs Ffjoh

nkpkdh Bkb d/F ftu ;G s'I xZN Ffjoh

nkpkdh tkb/ oki jB.

Gkos d/ tZy-tZy okiK ftu FfjoheoB

dh fJzB/ tZv/ gZXo #s/ ftfGzBsk j'D dk

w[Zy ekoB T[BQK dh G[r'fbe ;fEsh j?.

;w[Zuh d[BhnK ftu fJ; t/b/ FfjoheoB

dk d"o ub fojk j? ns/ ;oekoK FfjoK

d/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ ~ p/jso pDkT[D bJh

jo ;zGt e'fFF eo ojhnK jB. fJe

T[u gZXoh ew/Nh B/ 2011 ftu Gkos

;oeko ~ ;¯gh nkgDh fJe fog'oN ftu

fejk j? fe d/F ftu Ffjoh p[fBnkdh

YKu/ ~ ftFt gZXo dk pDkT[D bJh

nrb/ thj ;kbK ftu 39 bZy eo'V o[gJ/

s'I tZX dk g{zih fBt/F eoBk gt/rk. fJj

fBt/F FfjoK ftu nzdo{Bh ;VeK dk ikb

ftSkT[D, T[BQK ~ oki wkorK Bkb i'VB

ns/ T[BQK d/ oy-oykn bJh ns/ ;[Xko,

fpibh ns/ ;tZS gkDh dh g{osh ns/

e{V/-eoeN ns/ wb-w{so d/ fBek; d/

gqpzX ns/ T[; ftu brksko ;[Xko, whIj

ns/ MZyVK ns/ j'o e[dosh nk\sK Bkb

j'D tkbh spkjh s'I pukT[D d/ sohe/

ns/ p[fBnkdh ftek; ns/ Ffjoh ;/tktK

fit/I fe f;Zfynk, f;js ns/ nktkikJh d/

t;hfbnK ftu ;[Xko bJh b'VhIdk j't/rk.

e/Ido dh BthI ;oeko B/ Ffjoh

ftek; ~ nkgDh gfjb d/ ekoiK dh

;{uh ftu ofynk j? ns/ ftFt gZXo

d/ nfs nkX[fBe ;j{bsK Bkb Gog{o

100 Bt/I Ffjo t;kT[D dk tkndk

ehsk j? fiBQK ~ seBkb'ih d/ T[g:'r

Bkb gkfJdko ftek; d/ Bw{B/ d/

Ffjo pDkfJnk ikt/rk. ;oeko B/

fJj th tkndk ehsk j? fe 2022

se jo xo gfotko dh fJe SZs

j't/rh ns/ T[; e'b 24 xzN/ fpibh

;gbkJh, ;tZS ghD d/ gkDh dk

eB?eFB ns/ F"ukb: ;j{bsK tkbk

gZek xo j't/rk. fJj pj[s tXhnk

;'u j? feT[Ife nZi d/F ftu xZN

nkwdB gfotkoK bJh brGr 2

eo'V wekBK dh E[V j?. go fJ;

;'u ~ nwbh ikwk gfjBkT[D bJh

fdqVQ fBFuk, u'yk g{zih fBt/F ns/ ;G

s'I wjZstg{oB b'eK dh ;w[Zuh GkJhtkbh

dh b'V j't/rh.

14thI b'e ;Gk d/ BshfinK ns/

e/Ido ftu ;qh Bo/Ido w'dh ;oeko d/

rmB s'I pknd, 9 i{B 2014 ~ okFNogsh

;qh gqDp w[yoih B/ ;z;d d/ d'jK ;dBK

dh ;KMh p?me ~ ;zp'XB eofdnK fJFkok

ehsk ;h fe T[j fdB d{o BjhI id'I d/F

dh e[Zb nkpkdh dk 50 gqfsFs fjZ;k

Ffjoh fJbkfenK ftu t; fojk j't/rk.

T[BQK ;oeko dh tuBpZXsk d[jokT[Id/ j'J/

fejk ;h fe ftFth gZXo dhnK ;j{bsK

tkb/ 100 Bt/I Ffjo ;Ekgs ehs/ ikDr/

ns/ T[BQK ftu Ffjoh iB ;j{bsK s'I

fJbktk, ;k\-;\kJh ns/ f;js ;zGkb

ekoiK T[go ftF/F fXnkB fdsk ikt/rk.

T[BQK d/F tk;hnK ~ :kd fdtkfJnk fe

Gkos dh tZvh nkpkdh jkb/ th xo ftu

F"ukb: ;j{bsK s'I tKMh j? ns/ T[; ~

nkgDh fBZs fefonk s'I fBgND bJh xo

s'I pkjo y[ZbQ/ ftu ikDk g?Idk j?. ;tZS

Gkos fwFB F[o{ eoB dh ;oeko dh

gfjb dk f}eo eod/ j'J/ ;qh w[yoih B/

fejk fe F"ukb: ofjs xo podkFs s'I

pkjo jB ns/ fJ; ;fEsh ~ pdbDk

ns/ iBse ;EkBK ~ e{V/ eoeN d/ Y/o

Bk pDB d/Dk ns/ T[BQK ~ ;tZS oZyDk

ns/ tksktoB ;k\-;[Eok oyDk, ;kvh

wjkswk rKXh ~ T[BQK dh 2019 ftu

150thI iBw Fskpdh w"e/ ;Zuh FoXKibh

j't/rh.

n;b ftu, okFNogsh dk GkFB

;w/I dh ;oeko dhnK BhshnK ns/ gq'rokwK

dk d;skt/} j[zdk j? ns/ ;qh gqDp

w[yoih dk ;z;d ~ GkFB BthI ;oeko

dh tuBpZXsk ~ do;kT[Idk j? go d/F

ftu w}p{s nkofEe YKu/ dh ewh tZvh

o[ektN j?. ;oeko ~ ;G s'I gfjbK fJ;

fdFk tZb ftF/F fXnkB d/Dk j't/rk ns/

nkofEe YKuk ftek; gq'rokw bkr{ eoB/

j'Dr/. 2011-12 ftu ikoh Ffjoh BkrfoeK

d/ ukoNo ftu fejk frnk j? fe FfjoK

ftu T[u doi/ dk p[fBnkdh YKuk ns/

T[sw ;/tktK s/ e[Fb gqFk;B w[jZJhnk

eo e/ Ffjoh ihtB ftu ;[Xko Bkb

FfjoK ~ nkofEe ftek; d/ fJziD pDkT[Dk

j?. fJ; ukoNo dk T[d/F FfjoK ~

nkofEe s"o s/ ihtzs, ;wkt/Fh ns/

gkfJdko Ffjoh ihtB d/ T[u gZXo d/

t;'I e/Ido pDkT[Dk j?. BthI e/Idoh ;oeko

ns/ oki ;oekoK fJ; we;d ftu fezBhnK

ekw:kp j[zdhnK jB fJj sK ;wK jh

dZ;/rk go ;qh Bo/Ido w'dh ;oeko d/

fdqV fBFu/ s'I e[M nk; }o{o pZMh j?.

Ffjoh ftek; d/ fgS'eV ftu ;zftXkB

dk 74tK sowhwh ek~B 1991 fJe whb

gZEo j? fi; ftu Ffjoh gqFk;B pko/ fJe

nbr nfXnkfJ i'fVnk frnk ns/ T[;

dh G{fwek, FeshnK, ekoi y/so ns/

ftZsh gqpzXB pko/ ;gZFN ehsk frnk.

fJ; n?eN sfjs Ffjoh gqFk;BK ~ t;'I


nB[;ko Bro fBrwK, BrogkfbektK, Bro

gfoFdK ns/ Bro gzukfJsK d/ Bkw Bkb

ikfDnk frnk ns/ fJBQK dh u'D pkbr

t'N d/ nkXko #s/ 5 ;kb dh fwnkd bJh

j'Dh :ehBh pDkJh rJh. fJBQK y/soK s/

ekoiK dh ftnkfynk ;zftXkB d/ 12t/I

FfvT{b ftu ehsh rJh. fJBQK ;EkBe

gqFk;BK ~ ;EkBe G{wh tos'I, ;VeK, g[b

ns/ GtB fBowkD, xo/b{, T[d:'fre ns/

tgkoe tos'I bJh gkDh g{osh, iBse

f;js, ;k\-;\kJh, e{Vk-eoeN ;zGkb,

;hto/}, f;Zfynk, tksktoB ;zGkb, Ffjoh

;j{bsK fit/I fe gkoe, pk|-p|hu/ ns/

y/v d/ w?dkB, gF{nK dh ;zGkb ns/ T[BQK

bJh ghD d/ gkDh dh ;j{bs, f;Zfynk

;fGnuko ns/ ebk fte;s eoBk, rbhnK,

e{funK ns/ ;VeK #s/ o"FBh, iBw ns/

woB ofi;No/FB nkfd iB ;j{bsK Bkb

i[V/ jo ekoi bJh f}zw/tko eoko fdsk

frnk j?. fJBQK ekoiK ~ ;cbskg{ote

ubkT[D bJh e[Fb gqFk;B ns/ iBsk d/

u[D/ gqfsfBXhnK tb'I ;ys fBrokBh eoB

ns/ fdFk fBod/FK dh gkbDk eoBk

:ehBh pDkT[D dh b'V j[zdh j?.

Gkos ftu FfjoheoB dk ft;Eko

sK s/}h Bkb j' fojk j? go ;kv/ FfjoK

dh i' jkbs j? T[j fe;/ s'I S[gh j'Jh

BjhI j?. uzvhrVQ, fi; ~ tZy-tZy ;?eNoK

ftu tzfvnk, fJe :'iBkpX Yzr Bkb

;Ekgs Ffjo frfDnk iKdk j?, fwT{IfB;hgb

ew/Nh sfjs y/so ns/ fdZbh e?IN dk

y/so fJ; eqw ftu u"E/ ns/ gzit/I ;EkB

#s/ jB, ekBg[o 10t/I, pzrb{o{ 12t/I, u/BZJh

13t/I, e'beksk 25t/I ns/ gkBhgs 124t/I

;EkB T[s/ nkT[Id/ jB. fgzvK s'I FfjoK ~

b'e ne;o B"eoh ns/ o'}h-o'Nh dh y'i

bJh gbkfJB eod/ jB feT[Ife FfjoK

ftu o[}rko d/ tX/o/ w"e/ T[gbpX j[zd/

jB. FfjoK dh nkpkdh tXD Bkb iBse

;/tktK ns/ ;j{bsK T[go gqfse{b n;o

g?Idk j? fi; ~ tkX{ p[fBnkdh YKuk ns/

g{osh tXk e/ g{ok ehsk ik ;edk j?.

fJ; soQK FfjoK ftu brksko nkofEe

ns/ ;wkfie ftek; j[zdk ofjDk ukjhdk

j?. fpibh, gkDh ns/ gfotfjB gqpzXB d/

p?Iuwkoe ;Ekgs j'D/ ukjhd/ jB, fiBQK ~

jk;b eoBk ;EkBe gqFk;B dk Nhuk

j'Dk ukjhdk j?.

Gkos ftu FfjoK ~ ftFt gZXo

d/, ;[Zy ;j{bsK Bkb Gog{o ofjD d/

;EkB pDkT[Dk fJe pVh tZvh u[B"sh

dk ekoi j?, fi; dk ;kjwDk e/Ido

iK oki ;oekoK tb'I fJeZfbnK eoBk

n;zGt j?. fJzB/ tZv/ gZXo #s/ ftfGzB

y/soK ftu T[u gZXo dhnK ;j{bsK

g?dk eoB bJh iBsk dh GkJhtkbh

nfs b'VhIdh j? ns/ fJ; bJh ;oekoK

~ Ffjoh ;j{bsK ftu fiE/ th ;zGt

j' ;e/ fBZih g{zih fBt/F dk ;tkrs

eoBk ukjhdk j? ns/ nfij/

fBt/F bJh fdFk fBod/F fsnko eoB/

ukjhd/ jB i' g{oh gkodofFsk Bkb

bkr{ ehs/ ikD/ ukjhd/ jB.

;/tktK ns/ ;j{bsK d/ gZXo d/

fwnkoh p?Iuwkoe ;Ekgs eoB/ ukjhd/ jB

ns/ i/ ;zGt j' ;e/ sK jo Ffjo ftu

fJe fwT{IfB;hgb ;oft; o?r{b/No ;Ekgs

eoBk ukjhdk j? i' fJBQK ;j{bsK ns/

;/tktK d/ b'eK se gj[zuD dh fBrokBh

eo/. fwT{fB;hgb ekoiK ftu ne;o

bkb chskFkjh dhnK fFekfJsK ofjzdhnK

jB. fJBQK ;/tktK dh T[gbpXh bJh

;wKpX gqDkbh j'Dh ukjhdh j? ns/ jo

Brogkfbek, Bro fBrw fJe f;Nh}B

ukoNo ikoh eo/ fi; ftu tZy-tZy ;/tktK

b'eK se gj[zuD bJh ;wK fBFfus j't/

ns/ i/ T[; ;w/I ftu d/oh j't/ sK ;zpzfXs

nfXekoh f]bk\ ekotkJh eoB ns/ T[;

~ ;}k d/Dk :ehBh pDkfJnk ikt/. b'eK

dh GkJhtkbh ns/ T[BQK tb'I fBrokBh

bJh Bro ;GktK, tkov ;GktK iK wjZbk

ew/NhnK dk rmB ehsk ikt/ sK i'

fw;kb bJh, dZyDh n\ohek ftu fvt?bgw?IN

p?Ie nk\ ;kT{E n\ohek eo}k }kwBh

fij/ ;kXBK dh tos'I eoe/ pk}ko fBowksk

dh G{fwek fBGkT[Idk j?. Gkosh ;zdoG

ftu @j[ve'# pk}ko fBowksk dh G{fwek

fBGkn ;edk j?. go fJ; tk;s/ @j[ve'#

~ tZvhnK T{oik r?; :'iBktK bJh ;pf;vh

tkb/ T[Xko d/D tkbh G{fwek ~ SZv e/

nkgD/ Ffjoh p[fBnkdh YKu/ bJh ftZs

w[jZJhnk eotkT[D tkb/ iBkd/F ~ ngDkT[D

gt/rk. @j[ve'# fJ; soQK, fJe gk;/ fBrwK

dh T[Xko b?D dh ;woZEk ~ pk}ko

;kjwD/ fbnk ;edk j?, fi; Bkb fBrw

~ nkgD/ Fk;B ns/ ;/tktK d/D tkb/

w[ZfdnK #s/ r"o eoB dk w"ek fwb/rk, d{i/

gk;/ S'N/ doi/ d/ fBrwK tk;s/ tgkoe

fBt/F nkeofFs eoB ftu th ;jkfJsk

gqkgs j't/rh.

nyho ftu, ;kv/ FfjoK ftu p[fBnkdh

YKu/ ns/ ;/tktK d/D tkb/ w[Yb/ gZXo #s/

;EkJh ftZs w[jZJhnk eotkT[D dh n;cbsk

okFNo dh FfjoheoB ns/ nkofEe ftek;

d/ \kfJd/ T[mkT[D dh :'rsk ~ tZvh ;ZN

wko/rh. fJ; eoe/, Gkosh FfjoK ~

nzdo{Bh ftZs g?dk eoB d/ w"e/ tZvh gZXo

#s/ sbkFD/ g?Dr/ ns/ pk}ko nkXkfos

ftZsh gqDkbhnK dk p/jso fJ;s/wkb eoBk

j't/rk sK fe fpbe[b j/mb/ gZXo #s/ th

;/tktK d/Dk :ehBh pDkfJnk ik ;e/.

(b/ye nkJh n?`; n?`w nko fcBK; \kT{Iv/FB

dk ekoiekoh fBod/Fe j?.)

e-mail :[email protected] :[email protected]


fwT{IfB;hgb ekoiK T[go mhe Yzr Bkb

fBrokBh oyh ik ;e/. FfjoheoB ns/

FfjoK Bkb ;zpzfXs p[fBnkdh YKu/ dk

ftek; fJe tZvh u[B"sh j? go T[; s'I th

tZvh u[B"sh j? nkw nkdwh dh GkJhtkbh.

(b/fyek ;[szso gZsoeko j?.)



FfjoheoB dk tX fojk o[MkBFfjoheoB dk tX fojk o[MkBFfjoheoB dk tX fojk o[MkBFfjoheoB dk tX fojk o[MkBFfjoheoB dk tX fojk o[MkB

;[ftXk e[wok;[ftXk e[wok;[ftXk e[wok;[ftXk e[wok;[ftXk e[wok

XkB wzsoh ;qh Bo/Ido w'dh B/

n?bkB ehsk j? fe T[BQK dh

;oeko noEftt;Ek ~ w}p{s eoB s/

o[}rko d/ w"e/ tXkT[D dhnK nkgDhnK

e'fFFK d/ sfjs d/F ftu 100 ;wkoN

Ffjo t;kt/rh. T[BQK dk wzBDk j? fe

FfjoheoB ~ ;wZf;nk BjhI ;r'I nZr/

tXD d/ w"fenK d/ s"o s/ d/yDk ukjhdk

j?. fJ; ftu e'Jh FZe BjhI fe Ffjo

iBsk ~ soZeh d/ p/jso w"e/ w[jZJhnk

eokT[Id/ jB. Gkos ftu jh BjhI ;r'I

d[BhnK Go ftu FfjoK ~ jh nkofEe

;orowhnK d/ e/Ido ti'I T[God/ j'J/

d/fynk frnk j?.

d[BhnK ftu pj[s ;ko/ ftek;Fhb

d/FK tKr Gkos ftu th FfjoheoB s/}h

Bkb j' fojk j?. Gkos ftu 1901 ftu

10H8 gqfsFs nkpkdh FfjoK ftu ofjzdh

;h i' 1991 ftu 26 gqfsFs se gj[zu

rJh. 2011 dh wodwF[wkoh d/ nzefVnK

nB[;ko 1H20 nop nkpkdh dk fJe

fsjkJh :kfB 37 eo'V b'e FfjoK ftu

ofj oj/ jB. fgSb/ djke/ d"okB 2800

Bt/I e;fpnK dk fBowkD j'fJnk. w[zpJh

s/ fdZbh d[BhnK d/ gzi ;G s'I tZv/ FfjoK

ftu Fkfwb j' rJ/ jB. ;kv/ fgzvK s/

FfjoK ftukb/ eJh nkofEe s/ ;wkfie

\oe jB. FfjoK dhnK p/jso p[fBnkdh

;j{bsK ns/ o[}rko d/ w"e/ b'eK ~ T[BQK

tZb fyZu gkT[Id/ jB.

;kv/ d/F dh 65 gqfsFs nkpkdh

nkgDh f}zdrh p;o eoB bJh y/sh T[s/

fBoGo j?. :'iBk nk:'r d/ w[skpe

y/shpkVh d/ ftek; dh rsh f;o\ 2 s'I

3 gqfsFs j?. fJzBh tZvh nkpkdh dk T[;

T[s/ fBoGo ofjDk n;zs[bB g?dk eodk

j?. ftek; d/ fJ; n;zs[bB ~ d{o eoB

bJh Bt/I Ffjo t;kT[D/ ns/ T[BQK ftu

nkofEe ;orowhnK dk ft;sko eoBk

;ekokswe edw j't/rk go Bkb jh ;k~

Ffjoh y/soK dhnK ;wZf;nktK T[s/ th

r"o eoBh j't/rh sK fe Bt/I FfjoK ftu

p/jso p[fBnkdh YKuk fsnko ehsk ik

;e/. fJ; ftu e'Jh FZe BjhI fe T[d:'r

s/ tgko d/ e/Ido j'D d/ ekoB FfjoK

ftu o[}rko d/ w"e/ th f}nkdk jB.

fJ; bJh fgSb/ e[M ;kbK ftu FfjoK

ftu nkpkdh dk p'M s/}h Bkb tfXnk j?

fi; Bkb T[BQK ftu BthnK-BthnK w[FfebK

g?dk j'JhnK jB. Bt/I FfjoK d/ t;D

Bkb g[okD/ FfjoK T[s/ nkpkdh dk p'M

xN/rk s/ p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK dh ;fEsh

p/jso j't/rh.

Bt/I Ffjo t;kT[Dk ;w/I dh b'V j?.

o[}rko dh sbkF ftu fgzv SZv e/ Ffjo

nkT[D tkb/ b'eK ~ ;BwkBiBe f}zdrh

fpskT[D dk w"ek d/Dk ;oeko dh

f}zw/tkoh j?. FfjoK dk ][Fjkb ihtB

p/jso ofjD-;fjD ns/ uwd-dwe jo

fe;/ ~ nkgD/ tZb fyZudk j?. go fJj

T[fus BjhI j't/rk fe fgzvK dk fe;kB iK

y/s w}d{o Ffjo ftu nk e/ pdjkb

w}d{o pD ikt/. FfjoK ftu nktk;

f;js ;/tktK, gfotfjB, gkDh, fpibh s/

f;Zfynk dhnK tXhnK ;j{bsK w[jZJhnk

eotkJhnK ikDhnK ukjhdhnK jB.

n;zs[fbs ns/ nkg-w[jkok FfjoheoB

d/F bJh fJe tZvh ;wZf;nk pDdk ik

fojk j?. T[d:'rK d/ ftek; s/ tkjBK dh

frDsh ftu tkX/ Bkb jh gqd{FB dh

;wZf;nk G?Vk o{g b?Idh ik ojh j?.

;wkoN FfjoK ~ t;k e/ Ffjo dh

;wZf;nk s'I ek\h jZd se fB}ks gkfJnk

ik ;edk j?.

Gkosh nkofEe ;rowh d/ ;{ueKe

d/ ;w[Zu/ xo/b{ T[sgkd ftu tZvh fjZ;/dkoh

FfjoK dh j?. nzefVnK w[skfpe e[Zb

xo/b{ T[sgkd ftu Ffjoh fJbkfenK dk

:'rdkB brGr 60 gqfsFs j?. Ffjo

jh jB i' fJe soQK b'eK dk ihtB gZXo

p/jso pDkT[Id/ jB ns/ b'eK ~ o[}rko

d/ w"e/ d/ e/ d/F dk ftek; tXkT[Id/

jB. fJ; ;w/I d/F dh e[Zb nkpkdh ftu

Ffjoh nkpkdh fJe fsjkJh j?. Gkos

ftu FfjoheoB ~ T[sFkfjs eoB bJh

T[d:'rheoB ns/ o[}rko d/ pdbd/

sohfenK dh ]k; G{fwek ojh j?. Gkt/I

nZi th Gkos th nkswk fgzvK ftu t;dh

j? go nkofEe s/ ;wkfie pdbktK B/

tZvh nkpkdh ~ FfjoK ftu t;D ftu

wdd ehsh j?. nB[wkB j? fe 2003 se

Gkos ftu e[Zb xo/b{ T[sgkd s/ o[}rko

dk 70 gqfsFs d/F d/ 100 tZv/ FfjoK

gqgqgqgqgq


ftu j't/rk. d/F d/ dZyDh s/ gZSwh okiK

ftu FfjoheoB dh o\sko f}nkdk s/}

ojh j?. eoBkNe, sfwbBkv{, e/ob,

wjKokFNo s/ r[ioks ftu Ffjoh nkpkdh

35 gqfsFs s'I f}nkdk j?. FfjoK ftu

t;/ b'e y/sh ns/ T[; Bkb i[V/ ezw SZv

e/ nkT[Id/ jB. Ffjoh nkpkdh tXD d/

Bkb jh e[Zb xo/b{ T[sgkd ftu y/shpkVh

y/so dk :'rdkB f;o\ 15 gqfsFs ofj

frnk j?. id fe fBowkD s/ ;/tk y/so

fJ; ftu 70 gqfsFs se dk :'rdkB gk

oj/ jB. fJ; bJh ftek; dhnK BhshnK

pDkT[Id/ tes fJBQK sZEK ~ th fXnkB

ftu oZyDk j't/rk. s/}h Bkb tXd/ FfjoK

ftu p[fBnkdh }o{osK fit/I gkDh, fpibh,

gfotfjB ns/ ;hto/} d/ fJzs}kw ftu

tkXk eoBk j't/rk. Ffjo GftZy #u ftek;

d/ e/Ido j'Dr/ fJ; bJh Bhsh pDkT[D

tkfbnK ~ fJ; T[s/ fXnkB d/Dk gt/rk.

12thI gzi ;kbk :'iBk #u d/F nzdo

p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK bJh fJe bZy eo'V

vkbo d/ fBt/F dh ftt;Ek ehsh rJh j?.

d/F Go ftu Bt/I-Bt/I Ffjo fi;

s/}h Bkb tX oj/ jB T[; dk n;o T[BQK

dhnK ;hwktK d/ e'b-e'b th d/fynk ik

;edk j?. B'fJvk, r[VrKt, pzrb"o,

j?dokpkd, w?;{o nkfd ~ nkJh Nh jZp

ns/ u/BZJh, g[D/, n"ozrkpkd s/ nfjwdkpkd

~ nkN'w'pkfJb jZp d/ o{g ftu T[God/

d/fynk frnk j?. fJj pdbkn d/F ftu

tZv/ g?wkB/ T[s/ FfjoheoB dk jh Bshik

j?. Gkos ftu FfjoheoB ~ jZbkF/oh

d/D ns/ T[; d/ s"o sohfenK ~ b? e/

eJh ;tkb T[m oj/ jB. go FfjoK dh

;wZf;nk tXD dh ;ukJh Bkb e'Jh fttkd

BjhI j?. fJ; t/b/ d/F ftu 10 bZy iK

fJ; s'I tZX nkpkdh tkb/ 53 Ffjo jB

ns/ FfjoheoB d/ w"i{dk d"o d/ ikoh

ofjzfdnK 2030 se 100 Ffjo j'o

;kjwD/ nk ;ed/ jB.

n;hI 21thI ;dh d/ d{i/ djke/ ftu

gj[zu u[Ze/ jK. nkofEe T[dkoheoB d/

fgSb/ 20 ;kbK ftu eJh e;p/ Bro

ns/ wjKBro ftu spdhb j' u[Ze/ jB.

w?fer;/ dh fJe sk}k fog'oN w[skpe

2030 se Gkos dh noEftt;Ek gzi

r[Dk tZX j't/rh. d/F d/ brGr 60

eo'V b'e tZv/ FfjoK ftu ofj oj/ j'Dr/

fiBQK dk d/F d/ ftek; ftu nfjw

:'rdkB j't/rk. fgSb/ djke/ ftu fizBhnK

;VeK, w?No' o/b, ;G s'I tZX pD/ jB s/

nkT[D tkb/ ;w/I ftu T[; s'I 20 r[DK

tX/o/ dk fBowkD eoBk j't/rk. fJzB/ tZv/

g?wkB/ T[s/ j' oj/ FfjoheoB d/ wZd/B}o

eko'pkoh FfjoheoB T[s/ }'o d/Dk }o{oh

j?. fJ; tk;s/ xZN ehws tkb/ xoK dk

fBowkD s/ nktkikJh iK nkg;h-i'V ;zgoe

dh nfjwhns pj[s tX iKdh j?. iwBk

n?e;gq?; s/ fdZbh-w[zpJh e'ohv'o torhnK

gfo:'iBk s'I gq/oBk b?D dh }o{os j?.

fJ;/ soQK fdZbh, T[`so gq/dF, jfonkDk,

oki;EkB s/ r[ioks ~ i'VfdnK j'fJnK,

24 Bt/I Ffjo s/ 12 nkofEe y/so (n?;

Jh }?v) fte;s eoB dk gq;skt th j?.

fgzvK ftu y/sh ns/ T[; Bkb i[V/

ezwK ~ SZv e/ ;/tk s/ T[d:'rK tZb tXd/

o[MkB d/ ubfdnK FfjoheoB d/ tXD ~

;k\ d/fynk ik ;edk j?. pj[shnK ezgBhnK

ns/ ;z;EktK tZv/ FfjoK ~ jh nkgDk

ekoi y/so pDk ojhnK jB. Gkt/I d/F

ftu iB;zfynk d/ nkXko #s/ e;fpnK ftu

th FfjoheoB d/ d"o ~ d/fynk ik ;edk

j?. i' fJbke/ iBrDBk ftu s? fszB

wkgdzvK T[s/ yo/ T[sod/ jB T[BQK ~

e;fpnK dk doik fdsk iKdk j?. fJBQK

wkgdzvK d/ w[skpe fe;/ fgzv ~ fco

e;p/ dk doik fdsk iKdk j? id T[;

dh nkpkdh gzi j}ko s'I f}nkdk j't/,

iB;zfynk dk xDst gqfs tor feb'whNo

uko ;" s'I f}nkdk ns/ T[; dh 75

gqfsFs s'I f}nkdk nkpkdh y/sh dk ezw

Bk eodh j't/. nfij/ torheoB d/

ubfdnK ;kb 2001 ns/ 2011 d/ ftukb/

2732 Bt/I e;p/ pD/. fJ; soQK, fJ;

;w/I d"okB FfjoheoB dk ftek; 23

gqfsFs dh do Bkb j'fJnk.

nZi nfij/ eJh tZv/ e;p/ jB i'

phs/ ftu ek\h S'N/ oj/ j'Dr/. wjKokFNo

ftu Bkf;e, ftGzvh s/ n"ozrkpkd, nKXo

gqd/F ftu whonkbkr[vk, T[sokyzv ftu

o[dog[o, r[ioks ftu ;{os ns/ pkgh,

T[so gqd/F ftu nepog[o, fpjko ftu

;fjo;k s/ MkVyzv ftu XBtkd nfij/ jh

Ffjo jB. don;b, n;hI ;ko/ ikDd/

jK fe Ffjo tXD dk ekoB fgzvK d/

w[ekpb/ T[E/ p/jso nkofEe ns/ ;wkfie

ftek; d/ w"e/ T[gbpX j'Dk jB. o[}rko

ns/ p/jos f}zdrh dh Gkb ftu b'e

FfjoK tZb ub/ nkT[Id/ jB. fJ; Bkb

Ffjoh tk;hnK dh frDsh s/}h Bkb

tXdh ik ojh j?. s/} FfjoheoB dk

Bshik j? fe nrb/ 10 ;kbK ftu

p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK d/ ftek; ftu Gkoh

you eoB dh }o{os j't/rh.

d/F nzdo p[fBnkdh }o{osK ~ g{ok

eoB ~ b? e/ gfjbK jh ;zeN j?. fdZbh,

w[zpJh s/ pzrb"o tor/ FfjoK ftu iB;zfynk

xDst tXDk fJe tZvh ;wZf;nk pDdh

ik ojh j?. i/ eko'pkoh FfjoheoB Bk

j'fJnk sK FfjoK dhnK w[FfebK j'o tX

ikDrhnK. FfjoK ftu p/fj;kp p'M tXD

Bkb T[BQK ftu T[sgkdesk, fpibh, gkDh,

gfotfjB torhnK }o{osK ~ g{ok eoBk

w[Ffeb j't/rk. fJ; Bkb b'eK d/ ihtB

gZXo ftu froktN nk ;edh j?. fJ;

bJh Bt/I Ffjo t;kT[D s'I gfjbK w"i{dk

FfjoK ftu e[M nfjw ;tkbK d/ itkp

sbkF b?Dk th pj[s }o{oh j?. Ffjoh

gqFk;B ~ nkofEe BhshnK ns/ T[BQK #s/

nwb ftukb/ skbw/b fte;s eoB dh

}o{os j?. wjKBroK T[s/ p'M xNkT[D

bJh }o{oh j? i?g[o, d/jokd{B, w[okdkpkd,

rtkbhno s/ nkrok tor/ d{i/ ns/ shi/


doi/ d/ FfjoK #s/ f}nkdk fXnkB d/Dk.

Ffjoh fJbkfenK ftu b'eK dh n";s

nkwdB okFNoh nkwdB s'I f}nkdk j?.

tXdh nkwdB d/ Bkb jh fJ; Ffjoh

nkpkdh ~ fojkfJFh, f;js, f;Zfynk s/

nkT[D ikD torhnK ;j{bsK th w[jZJhnk

eokT[DhnK j'DrhnK. fJ; bJh d/F ~

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d/ BK #s/ pDk e/ e{gB ;w/s fJ; gs/ T[s/ G/i' Ld/ BK #s/ pDk e/ e{gB ;w/s fJ; gs/ T[s/ G/i' Ld/ BK #s/ pDk e/ e{gB ;w/s fJ; gs/ T[s/ G/i' Ld/ BK #s/ pDk e/ e{gB ;w/s fJ; gs/ T[s/ G/i' Ld/ BK #s/ pDk e/ e{gB ;w/s fJ; gs/ T[s/ G/i' L East Block-4, Level-7, R.K. Puram, New Delhi-110066

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ftu T[whd irkT[Idk j?.


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~ iVQ'I g[ZfNnk iKdk j?. T[; Bkb tksktoB

ftu Bwh s/ jtk T[s/ wkVk n;o g? fojk

j?. fi; dk ykfwnk}k n;hI G[rs jh oj/

jK. E'VQh fijh pkfoF j'D Bkb gkDh o[e

iKdk j?. feT[Ife BkbhnK dk gqpzX p/Yzrk

s/ p/soshpk j' u[ek j?. gkDh dk fBek;

mhe soQK j[zadk BjhI.

fJBQK ;wZf;nktK s'I fJbktk i' fJe

j'o rZb j' ojh j?, T[j j? ngokXK ftu

tkXk. wjKBroK ftu o'}kBk mZrh, b[ZN s/

pbksekoK d/ wkwb/ tX oj/ jB. e[M

;kb gfjbK se sK fdZbh fJj' fijh BjhI

;h fe fJE/ e[Vh iK n"os pkjo iKd/ j'J/

th vo/. id'I w?I ekbi-:{Bhtof;Nh ftu

gVQdh ;h, T[d'I pZ;K dh ;fEsh n?Bh

tXhnk BjhI ;h. pZ; bJh bzwk fJzs}ko

eoBk g?Idk ;h. Fkw ~ xo gj[zuD #s/

th wK-pkg iK y[d w?~ ed/ vo BjhI

bZrk ;h. pV/ w}/ Bkb ;j/bhnK Bkb iK

fJeZfbnK th ekbi s/ :{Bhtof;Nh ;t/o-

Fkw nkT[Id/-iKd/ ;h.

fJBQK ngokXK d/ tkX/ fgZS/ fJj

ekoB j? fe wjKBroK dh uwe-dwe s/

rb?wo ;kXkoB pzd/ ~ p/jZd nkeofFs

eodk j?. T[j th f}zdrh ftu @cB#

jkf;b eoB d/ fJokd/ Bkb pbkseko s/

okj}Bh ~ tX/o/ ngDk b?Idk j?. wjKBroK

ftu bZyK dh skdkd ftu b'e o'}

nkT[Id/-iKd/ jB. eh gsk brdk j?, fe;

B/ fejVk ekok ed'I ehsk< GKs-GKs dh

wkBf;esk tkb/ b'e, E[V/-N[N/ iK tkX{ oZi/

b'e fJBQK ngokXK ftu f}nkdk fbgs

j[zd/ jB. jo fe;/ ftu nZr/ tXD,

tX/ok jk;b eoB dh ukj }'o wkodh

j?. fi; d/ sfjs u'oh, ve?sh, mZrh s/

oki}Bh d/ wkwb/ tXd/ ik oj/ jB.

fJBQK ngokXK ekoB i/bQ, jtkbks Go/

j'J/ jB. n;zs[bB jo gk;/, jo y/so

ftu tXdk ik fojk j? s/ ;wZf;nktK

fdB'I-fdB rzGho Feb n]fsnko eodhnK

ik ojhnK jB.

;wZf;nk e'Jh th j't/, T; dk jZb

;zGt j?. wjKBroK d/ c?bkn dhnK

;wZf;nktK s'I puD bJh ;oekoK ~

ukjhdk j? fe T[j nkgD/ jh okiK

ftu fJBQK ;j{bsK ~ tXkT[D. T[E/

FfjoK dk ftek; ehsk ikt/ sK fe

S'N/ FfjoK, e;fpnK s/ fgzvK d/ b'e

jo t/b/ tZv/ FfjoK, wjKBroK tZb

ukb/ Bk gkJh oZyD. d{i/ FfjoK

ftu p[fBnkdh ;j{bsK, f;js ;zpzXh

;/tktK, tXhnk ekbi s/ ;z;EkB y'bQ/

ikD sK fe T[E/ jh T[u/oh gVQkJh

jk;fb ehsh ik ;e/ s/ T[E/ ftek;

bJh ouBkswe :'rdkB fdsk ik

;e/. fit/I j[D ;kv/ d/F ftu T[u

ftZfdnk gqkgsh tkfbnK ~ tXhnk

B"eohnK, T[u/ g?e/i fwb oj/ jB sK

T[j ftd/FK tZb ikD pko/ xZN ;'uD

bZr gJ/ jB. id'I ezweki s/ o[}rko

d/ nt;o nkgD/ okiK s/ FfjoK ftu

fwbD bZrD sK b'e tZv/ FfjoK tZb

w{zj u[Ze e/ feT[I d/yDr/.

jo rZb, jo uh} s/ jo ;fEsh

T[d'I jh ;wZf;nk pDdh j? id'I T[j

n;zs[fbs j' iKdh j?. wjKBro dh

uwe-dwe T[d'I jh nkeofFs eodh j?,

id'I nkgD/ FfjoK ftu T[; dk nGkt

B}o nkT[Idk j?. fJj ;oekoK ~ ukjhdk

j? fe T[j j'o FfjoK, e;fpnK ftu fJj'

fij/ nt;o g?dk eoB sK fe tZv/ FfjoK

tZb gbkfJB xZN ;e/. jK, ed/-ed/ fe;/

wjKBro dh ;?o eoBk wkVk BjhI. go

i/ ;dk bJh fJ; dk fjZ;k pDBk ukj[zd/

j' sK fco wjKBroK dh uwe-dwe d/

Bkb-Bkb fB:zfsqs GhV, nktkikJh, fpibh-

gkDh dk ;zeN, gqd{fFs jtk dk th fjZ;k

pDBk gt/rk.



rzrk dfonk #u tksktofBe gkDh dk tjkn :ehBh pDkT[Dkrzrk dfonk #u tksktofBe gkDh dk tjkn :ehBh pDkT[Dkrzrk dfonk #u tksktofBe gkDh dk tjkn :ehBh pDkT[Dkrzrk dfonk #u tksktofBe gkDh dk tjkn :ehBh pDkT[Dkrzrk dfonk #u tksktofBe gkDh dk tjkn :ehBh pDkT[Dk

n?ùHn?`; ;/B, fdgKeo x'okfJn?ùHn?`; ;/B, fdgKeo x'okfJn?ùHn?`; ;/B, fdgKeo x'okfJn?ùHn?`; ;/B, fdgKeo x'okfJn?ùHn?`; ;/B, fdgKeo x'okfJ

ftF/F b/yftF/F b/yftF/F b/yftF/F b/yftF/F b/y

M/ sZN tkb/ r[nKYhnK ftu M/ sZN tkb/ r[nKYhnK ftu M/ sZN tkb/ r[nKYhnK ftu M/ sZN tkb/ r[nKYhnK ftu M/ sZN tkb/ r[nKYhnK ftu

;fj:'r dh GktBk fes/ th fJzBh;fj:'r dh GktBk fes/ th fJzBh;fj:'r dh GktBk fes/ th fJzBh;fj:'r dh GktBk fes/ th fJzBh;fj:'r dh GktBk fes/ th fJzBh

Bk}[e BjhI fizBh dZyDh J/FhnkBk}[e BjhI fizBh dZyDh J/FhnkBk}[e BjhI fizBh dZyDh J/FhnkBk}[e BjhI fizBh dZyDh J/FhnkBk}[e BjhI fizBh dZyDh J/Fhnk

dh rzrk-pqjwg[Zso xkNh ftu j?.dh rzrk-pqjwg[Zso xkNh ftu j?.dh rzrk-pqjwg[Zso xkNh ftu j?.dh rzrk-pqjwg[Zso xkNh ftu j?.dh rzrk-pqjwg[Zso xkNh ftu j?.

fes/ th ;fj:'r d/ \kfJd/ fJ;fes/ th ;fj:'r d/ \kfJd/ fJ;fes/ th ;fj:'r d/ \kfJd/ fJ;fes/ th ;fj:'r d/ \kfJd/ fJ;fes/ th ;fj:'r d/ \kfJd/ fJ;

ftu Fkfwb d/FK bJh fJzB/ FkBdkoftu Fkfwb d/FK bJh fJzB/ FkBdkoftu Fkfwb d/FK bJh fJzB/ FkBdkoftu Fkfwb d/FK bJh fJzB/ FkBdkoftu Fkfwb d/FK bJh fJzB/ FkBdko

BjhI jB ns/ ;fj:'r Bk eoBBjhI jB ns/ ;fj:'r Bk eoBBjhI jB ns/ ;fj:'r Bk eoBBjhI jB ns/ ;fj:'r Bk eoBBjhI jB ns/ ;fj:'r Bk eoB

bJh i[owkBk fes/ th fJzBk fGnkBebJh i[owkBk fes/ th fJzBk fGnkBebJh i[owkBk fes/ th fJzBk fGnkBebJh i[owkBk fes/ th fJzBk fGnkBebJh i[owkBk fes/ th fJzBk fGnkBe

BjhI.## irB wfjskBjhI.## irB wfjskBjhI.## irB wfjskBjhI.## irB wfjskBjhI.## irB wfjsk

Gkos ns/ pzrbkd/F ftukb/ tfjzd/

j[rbh-GkrhoEh ns/ rzrk$gdwk-pqjwg[Zso

dfonktK d/ j/mb/ w[jkfBnK ftu s/}h

Bkb tksktofBe tjkn ftu froktN nk

ojh j?. T[g wjKdhg d/ v?bNk y/so ftu

;EkJh tksktoB :ehBh pDkT[D bJh

nzsoMks wkoB s/ Y[Zet/I ekoi dh b'V j?

sK i' dfonkJh gqDkbh d/ tksktoB

tjkn ~ w[V ihts ehsk ik ;e/. rzrk

~ w[V ihts eoB bJh Y[ZethI d]bnzdk}h

dh b'V j? sK i' tksktofBe tjkn d/

;G s'I nfjw nzr, ib-ftfrnkB d/ wkV/

o[MkB ~ mZbQ gkJh ik ;e/ ns/ fB;fus

;w/I ftu fJ; ~ ;EkJh tksktoB tZb

w'fVnk ik ;e/ fi; ;dek nkihtek ftu

;[Xko j' ;e/ (;/B, 2010, ;/B, 2012).

tksktofBe tjkn d/ d{;o/ wjZstg{oB

nzr ;wkfie, ;fGnkukoe, G{r'fbe,

gqfeofse, gkDh dh r[DtZsk ns/ i?fte

fGzBsk j' ;ed/ jB (e"Fb, 2014), fJj

fBoGo eodk j? fe fe;/ dfonk ~ y/so

ftu fJ; d/ \kfJfdnK bJh fe; soQK

t/fynk iKdk j?, i' ob e/ ;zrfms ib

;o's ftek; ns/ gqpzXB ~ iBw fdzd/

jB fi; dh ebgBk Gkos ;oeko d/

e/Idoh ib nk:'r (;h vpb:{ ;h, 2008)

tb'I tksktofBe tjkn w[Zy s"o s/ gD-

fpibh ftek; ns/ f;zikJh :'iBktK d/

ekoeK d[nkok fBoXkos ehsk iKdk j?.

gkDh tosD dh wksok fBoXkoB eoB

tkb/ fB:w, i' tjkn dh do nB[;ko

j[zd/ jB, dk fBoXkoB jkb/ se wB-wkB/

sohe/ Bkb ehsk iKdk j? i' :'iBkpzdh

d"okB \?;b/ bJ/ iKd/ jB fi; ftu g?D

tkb/ gqGktK dh ;whfynk dk e'Jh gqktXkB

BjhI j[zdk, Gkt/I fe jkb jh ftu nfijh

;whfynk bJh :sB ehs/ rJ/ jB, fiBQK

ftu toBD :'r vpb:{ vpb:{ vpb:{

n?c (e"Fb, 2014) i' dfonk d/ ;ko/

o;s/ #s/ ehsk frnk j?. rzrk d/ bkG

dk ft;Ekog{ote toBD ehsk ik u[Zek j?

fi; ftu rzrk ~ d[BhnK d/ ;G s'I T[u

doi/ ftu oZfynk frnk j?. fijV/ f}nkdk

gkDh tosD ns/ gkDh d/ gqd{FB eoe/

]so/ ftu jB (;zxh ns/ e"Fb, 2014).

fJ; ;zpzX ftu vpb:{ vpb:{ n?c -

fJzNoB?FBb, jkb?Iv, ;ftN}ob?Iv d/ nzefVnK

dk jtkbk fdsk frnk j?. gZSwh pzrkb

d/ coZek pzBQ #s/ g[ZiD s'I gfjbK tZy-tZy

okiK EkDhI r[}oB tkb/ dfonkJh gkDh ~

Gkos tb'I fJeZb/ s"o s/ tosD dh

G{fwek, iBse ns/ fBZih y/soK tb'I dZyDh

pzrkb (Gkos) ns/ pzrbkd/F ftu

sEkefEs rbshnK dk gqGkt fJ; y'i

bJh nfjw j?, i' fJ; gou/ dk fpzd{ j?.

fJj d'tK d/FK dhnK ;oekoK tb'I nkg;h

;wM"s/ sfjs, fJe ;w[Zuh :'iBk dh

}o{os ~ T[Gkodk j?.

coZekcoZekcoZekcoZekcoZek pzBQ s/ Gkos-pzrbkd/F ;zXhpzBQ s/ Gkos-pzrbkd/F ;zXhpzBQ s/ Gkos-pzrbkd/F ;zXhpzBQ s/ Gkos-pzrbkd/F ;zXhpzBQ s/ Gkos-pzrbkd/F ;zXh

rzrk s/ coZek pzBQ dh T[;koh ns/

GkrhoEh tZb gkDh w'VB dk ;[Mkn 1853

ftu gfjbK ;o nkoEo ekNB tb'I fdsk

frnk ;h, fi; ~ gZSwh pzrkb ftu

coZek d/ Bkw #s/ oZfynk frnk i' dfonk

d/ j[rbh-GkrhoEh ftu fwbD s'I 17

feb'whNo dfonk d/ T[sb/ gk;/ ;fEs j?

i' Gkos ftu th trdk j? ns/ gdwk-

@@;K@@;K@@;K@@;K@@;K


dfonk s/ b'e, okFNoh dfonkJh ;[oZfynk

fBod/Fkbk, 2009) fJj 1, 2 fuZso ftu

ftykJ/ rJ/ jB. nbeBzdk, GkrhoEh ns/

fJBQK dhnK ;jkfJe BdhnK d/ gqGkfts

fjZ;/ (skfbek-1) T[sokyzv ftu rzrk d/

gkDh d/ ;o'sK ~ ftFkb gZXo #s/ gD-

fpibh ;N/FBK bJh tos'I eofdnK do;kJ/

rJ/ jB (Gkos dk izrbh iht ;z;EkB,

2012) fJj fJe T[dkjoD j?. fJ; s'I

fJbktk, dfonk d/ T[gob/ fjZ;/ ftu

gqd{FB d/ tZy-tZy ;gZFN ns/ n;gZFN

;o's th do;kJ/ rJ/ jB (;zxh ns/

e"Fb, 2014). fJj e[M ]k; jkbks ftu

tksktofBe tjkn ftu f}nkdk :'rdkB

gkT[D tkb/ j' ;ed/ jB. rzrk d/ g{o/

o;s/ ftu gkDh dh xNhnk r[DtZsk (fsqt/

dh) fuZso-3, 4 ftu fdykJh rJh j?l

fJj nzeV/ nZr/ ;[MkT[Id/ jB fe Gkos

;oeko tb'I rzrk n?eFB gbkB-1 (1985),

rzrk n?eFB gbkB-2 (1993), okFNoh

dfonk ;[oZfynk gbkB (1996) okjhI th

fwbi[bh ;cbsk jh gqkgs ehsh ik ;edh

j? i' GftZy ftu f}nkdk ;gZFN ns/

ft;Ekog{oB :'iBkpzdh dh jZedko j?

(;zxh ns/ e"Fb, 2014, okFNoh dfonk

;[oZfynk fBod/Fkbk, 2009). fJBQK ;kfonK

s'I T[s/, tksktoB ftu pdbkn dk

tksktofBe tjkn d/ ;ko/ nzrK #s/ gsZy

:w[Bk

GkrhoEh nbeBzdk

rzrk

Nhjoh v?w

okwrzrk

ski/tkbk

fdZbh

uzpb

f;zX

p/Ntk

e/B

jfod[nko

fpiB"o

Bko'ok

fJbkjkpkd

N'B;

;'B

gBgBh

gNBk

coZek

xZro

r'wsh

rzXe

p[oh rzXe

e';h

gdwk

pqjwg[Zso

w/xBk

GkrhoEhj[rbh

pzrkb dh ykVh

v?w p?o/i

;EkB dk BK

fuZso-1L rzrk, fJ; dhnK ;jkfJe BdhnK ns/ ib gqpzXB

YKfunK dk o/yk-fuZso

;o'sL okFNoh dfonkJh ;KG-;zGkb fBod/Fkbk

(2009), w[\s gj[zu dh nkfrnk j?.

pqjwg[Zso-x/wBk ns/ fJBQK dhnK ;jkfJe

BdhnK i' pzrbkd/F ftu th trdhnK

jB - fJj ;ko/ dfonk ns/ BdhnK nk]o

~ pzrkb dh ykVh ftu ik e/ ;wk iKd/

jB. ib-ftfrnkB dk nB[wkB i' pzBQ d/

jZe ftu brkfJnk frnk ;h, nyho rko

eZYD iK e'beksk pzdorkj bJh ijk}okBh

dh ;zGktBk d/ gZy s'I Bkek\h ;kfps

j'fJnk. fJjh jkb y[Fe w";w d"okB

d'jK d/FK d/ nkg;h \kfJd/ bJh gkDh dh

;KMh tos'I dk j'fJnk, fi; we;d bJh

fJ; dk ;[gBk t/fynk frnk ;h.

1971 ftu pzrbkd/F dh nk}kdh d/

fJedw pknd, gdwk-pqjwg[Zso-w/xBk

dfonkJh gqDkbh ftu xZN j'J/ gkDh d/

tjkn dh ;wZf;nk ~ t/yfdnK j'fJnK,

d'jK d/FK ftukb/ e[M E'VQh fwnkd d/

;wM"s/ ehs/ rJ/. gfjbK 1974 ftu fszB

;kbK bJh ehsk frnk, fco 1977 ns/

nZ;hftnK ftu d' j'o ;wM"s/ ehs/ rJ/,

i' ;ko/ jh f;o/ Bk uVQ ;e/. rzrk d/

gkDh dh tos'I pko/ Gkos-pzrbkd/F ;wM"sk

skfbek-1 L nbeBzdk, GkrhoEh dfonktK s/ T[BQK dhnK ;jkfJe BdhnK dh bzpkJh s/ T[`sokyzv ftu

gD-fpibh gfo:'iBktK #s/ gJ/ gqGkt

dfonk dfonk dh dfonk dk dfonk dk gqGkfts w'V/ rJ/ v[Zp/ dfonk dfonk dh

GkrhoEh xkNh e[Zb bzpkJh w'fVnk fjZ;k v[Zfpnk Gkr bzpkJh dfonk dk d gqfsFs gqGkts bzpkJh

(whNo) (whNo) (whNo) (whNo) gqfsFs dk gqfsFs

GkrhoEh 217000 68031 85400 153431 31 39 70H71

n;hrzrk 20500 10945 0 10945 53 0 53H39

GhbkrBk 109000 20369 19000 39369 19 17 36H12

pkb rzrk 37000 14721 0 14721 40 0 39H79

S'NhnK BdhnK 73000 16401 0 16401 22 0 22H47

nbeBzdk xkNh

nbeBzdk 224000 60412 47100 107512 27 21 48H00

X"bhrzrk 50000 46794 0 46794 94 0 93H59

foFh rzrk 38500 10426 600 11026 27 2 28H64

fpokjh rzrk 29500 21926 0 21926 74 0 74H32

BzdkeBh 44500 15507 0 15507 35 0 34H85

wzdkeBh 81000 34875 500 35375 43 1 43H67

fgzvko 114000 24974 10000 34974 22 9 30H68

;o's L Gkos dk izrbh ihtB pko/ ;z;EkB, 2012l dfonk d/ T[gob/ GkrK ~ fJ; ftu Fkfwb BjhI ehsk frnk.

(1996), i' j[D 30 ;kbK bJh

;jh j?, T[; dk nkXko phs/ 4

djkfenK (1949-1988) dofwnkB

dfonk dk n";s tjkn ;h. 1977

d/ b/y/ sfjs fbnKd/ rJ/ tjkn

ns/ coZek #s/ T[gbpX n;b

tjkn ftukb/ pj[s xZN nB[e{bsk

;h, fi; dk w[Zy ekoB dfonk d/

T[gob/ fjZf;nK ftu pD/ gD-

fpibh xoK dh bzwh ;{uh ns/

pknd d/ djkfenK ftu f;zikJh

:'iBktK ekoB tZv/ tZXo #s/, fBozso

gkDh ~ w'Vk bkT[Dk ;h.

gD-fpibh ftek; dh ;{uhgD-fpibh ftek; dh ;{uhgD-fpibh ftek; dh ;{uhgD-fpibh ftek; dh ;{uhgD-fpibh ftek; dh ;{uh

ns/ f;zikJh :'iBktK, gkDhns/ f;zikJh :'iBktK, gkDhns/ f;zikJh :'iBktK, gkDhns/ f;zikJh :'iBktK, gkDhns/ f;zikJh :'iBktK, gkDh

dh r[DtZskdh r[DtZskdh r[DtZskdh r[DtZskdh r[DtZsk

rzrk dfonk d/ GkrhoEh

ns/ nbeBzdk Bdh dhnK xkNhnK ftu

tZvh ;zfynk ftu gD-fpibh ns/ f;zikJh

:'iBktK F[o{ ehshnK rJhnK (;zxh ns/

e"Fb, 2014, dZyDh J/Fhnk ftu pzBQK,

dfonktK ns/ b'eK dk B?Ntoe). rzrk

d/ gkDh d/ tjkn pko/ fJe o/yk-fuZso,

Bkb gfjbK jh ezw eo oj/ tZvh ;zfynk

ftu gqki?eN, GftZy ftu j'o pj[s ;ko/

pDB tkb/ gqki?eN (pzBQ, dfonktK ns/

b'eK pko/ dZyDh J/Fhnk dk B?Ntoe,


gqGkt ftjkoe gZXo #s/ t/yD ~ fwbdk

j?. fJj j[D uzrh soQK wzB fbnk frnk

j? fe d[BhnK ftu tX ojh sgF ekoB

d[BhnK Go, ]k; eoe/ fjzd{e[F fjwkfbnk

gopswkbk d/ rb/Fhno fgxb oj/ jB.

ekmwzv{ ;fEs ;zrfms gjkVh ftek; pko/

nzsookFNoh e/Ido (nkJh ;h nkJh n?w

vh) tb'I eotkJh y'i w[skpe rb/FhnoK

s'I dfonktK dhnK xkNhnK tZb gkDh dk

nB[wkBs tjkn fJ; ;dh d/ nzs se

25-50 gqfsFs se xN ikt/rk.

okFNoh dfonkJh ;KG-;zGkb fBod/Fkbk

(2009) d/ w[skpe ekoi ns/ oZy-oykn

dhnK ;wZf;nktK d/ pkti{d dfonk gkDh

dh r[DtZsk ftu (vh U ns/ ph vh U d/

wkwb/ ftu) rzrk n?eFB gbkB s'I gfjbK

d/ ;w/I Bkb'I ;gZFN ;[Xko B}o nk fojk

j?. fJj ;[Xko iB;zfynk ftu tZv/ tkX/

ns/ i?fte gqd{FB dh wksok ftu tZv/

ukb { : 'iBktKukb { : 'iBktKukb { : 'iBktKukb { : 'iBktKukb { : 'iBktK

nr[zvk EkNh (3 w?rk tkN)

pdohBkE-2 (1H25 w?HtkH)

GhbKrBk (22H5 w?HtkH)

fuZbk (144 w?HtkH)

v/pb (5 w?HtkH)

i[wkrkv (1H2 w?HtkH)

wB/oh Gkbh-1 (90 w?HtkH)

wB/oh Gkbh-2 (304 w?HtkH)

fgbkBrVQ (2H25 w?HtkH)

okitesh (3H6 w?HtkH)

Nhjoh ;N/i-1 (1000 w?HtkH)

sg'pB (0H8 w?HtkH)

Ewbh (0H4 w?HtkH)

fsbtkr (0H2 w?HtkH)

T[orw (3 w?HtkH)

tBkbk (15 w?HtkH)

g q;s k fts : 'iB kt Kg q;s k fts : 'iB kt Kg q;s k fts : 'iB kt Kg q;s k fts : 'iB kt Kg q;s k fts : 'iB kt K

nbeBzdk (300 w?HtkH)

n;hrzrk-1 (4H5 w?HtkH)

n;hrzrk-2 (4H5 w?HtkH)

n;hrzrk-3 (9 w?HtkH)

pr"bh (72 w?HtkH)

pkbrzrk-2 (7 w?HtkH)

pKroh (44 w?HtkH)

GhbKrBk-2J/ (24 w?HtkH)

GhbKrBk-2ph (24 w?HtkH)

GhbKrBk-2;h (24 w?HtkH)

fGnzvo rzrk (24H3 w?HtkH)

fpokjh rzrk-1 (24 w?HtkH)

fpokjh rzrk-2 (24 w?HtkH)

p'tbk Bzdgo:kr (300 w?HtkH)

p[nkok (14 w?HtkH)

u[Bh ;/wh (44 w?HtkH)

fdUvh (60 w?HtkH)

d/t;koh (252 w?HtkH)

d/tkbh (13 w?HtkH)

d{Bkfroh (10 w?HtkH)

r"ohe[zv (18H6 w?HtkH)

r'jkBk skb (50 w?HtkH)

ikbzXohrVQ (24 w?HtkH)

i/bkw Nwe (126 w?HtkH)

Mkbke'Nh (12H5 w?HtkH)

eke'okrVQ (12H5 w?HtkH)

ekbvhrVQ (9 w?HtkH)

eoDgq:kw (160 w?HtkH)

fyokU rzrk (4 w?HtkH)

e';k (24 w?HtkH)

e'N p[ZYk edko (6 w?HtkH)

e'Nbh G/b-1J/ (195 w?HtkH)

e'Nbh G/b-1ph (320 w?HtkH)

e'Nbh G/b-2 (530 w?HtkH)

beFwDrzrk (4H4 w?HtkH)

bkNk sg'pB (170 w?HtkH)

fbwukrVQ (3H5 w?HtkH)

wkbkoh i/bw (114 w?HtkH)

wzdkBhrzrk (10 w?HtkH)

wby/s (15 w?HtkH)

fwzr BbrkT[I (114 w?HtkH)

Bzdgq:kr bzrok;{ (100 w?HtkH)

Bk:ko (17 w?HtkH)

gvbh v?w (27 w?HtkH)

fgbkBrVQ-2 (4 w?HtkH)

okwpkVk (24 w?HtkH)

foFh rzrk-1 (70 w?HtkH)

foFh rzrk-2 (35 w?HtkH)

f;nkBrVQ (11H5 w?HtkH)

:[tkohrVQ (2 w?HtkH)

Nwe bsk (250 w?HtkH)

Nhjoh ;N/i-2 (1000 w?HtkH)

T[orw-2 (3H8 w?HtkH)

T[fsnk;{ v?w (1-4) (745 w?HtkH)

rzrk dfonk T[s/ gD-fpibh gfo:'iBktK

dfonk ns/ gD-fpibh gfo:'iBktK

jkov o/; ;[ozr

wjZstg{oB EK

T [; koh nXhB : 'iBktKT [;koh nXhB : 'iBktKT [;koh nXhB : 'iBktKT [;koh nXhB : 'iBktKT [;koh nXhB : 'iBktK

GhbKrBk-3 (24 w?HtkH)

fpokjh rzrk (7H2 w?HtkH)

ekbh rzrk-1 (5 w?HtkH)



eN/Fto (400 w?HtkH)

wXwj/Fto (10 w?HtkH)

ckNk fp:[zr (76 w?HtkH)

foFh rzrk (13H2 w?HtkH)

f;zr'bh GNtkoh (99 w?HtkH)

;qhBro (330 w?HtkH)

sg'pB ftF~rVQ (520 w?HtkH)

ftF~rVQ fggbe'Nh (444 w?HtkH)

;o's L dZyDh J/Fhnk dk pzBQK, dfonktK ns/ b'eK pko/B?`Ntoe, nfXekohnK dh nkfrnk Bkb d[pkok Skfgnk frnk j?.

; { u h; { u h; { u h; { u h; { u h

po\ tkbk y/so

tkX/ d/ ;zdoG ftu t/fynk ik fojk j?.

id'I ;kohnK ukb{ :'iBktK ;zg{oB j' ikDrhnK

ns/ g?dk j' oj/ ;ko/ yokp gkDh dh

;wZf;nk ~ jZb eo fbnk ikt/rk sK

dfonkJh gkDh dh r[DtZsk ftu j'o

;[Xko j'D dh nk; ehsh iKdh j?. rzrk

n?eFB gbkB s'I gfjbK ns/ pknd d/

;w/I ~ fXnkB ftu oZy e/, fszB gqw[Zy

wkgdzvK - vh U, phvh U ns/ e"bhckow}

dh i/ s[bBk ehsh ikt/ sK dfonk d/ g{o/

o;s/ ftu Bshi/ jkb/ th ;zs'yiBe BjhI

jB. dfonk d/ j/mb/ y/soK ftu xN

fojk gkDh dk tjkn ns/ yokp j' ojh

gkDh dh r[DtZsk B/ o'}h-o'Nh #s/ eJh

gkf;T[I pj[s p[ok n;o gkfJnk j?.

fw;kb d/ s"o s/ pK; dh eNkJh s'I

pknd dk ;wK (x'okfJ ns/ ;/B, 2014).

fJj ;Zu j? fe coZek pzBQ dh

T[;koh eoB Bkb rzrk d/ gqpzXB ftu

d]bnzdk}hnK j'JhnK jB

fi; B/ ;wZf;nktK ns/

B[e;kB ~ iBw fdsk

j? - gkDh d/ gZXo ftu

spdhbhnK, gkDh SZvD,

rko dk s[oBk, sb dh

YbkD nkfd, i' sb #s/

rko dh iwkn tXD ns/

xND Bkb j[zd/ jB.

fJj gqfefonk okiwjb

s'I coZek d/ Bdh d/ T[sb/

fjZf;nK ftu g{o/ o;s/

ns/ coZek s'I j/mK ek\h

\k;b/ se j[zdh j?. ;/w

tkb/ gZy/ ;Zi/ gk;/ pD

iKd/ jB ns/ rfjok

wkor pzBQ d/ T[go tZb

yZp/ gk;/ ~ j' iKdk j?.

ezfYnK dk eNkn pj[s

f}nkdk j' frnk i' nkw

s"o s/ nr;s s/ ;szpo

d"okB ;G s'I tZX j[zdk

j?. rzrk-gdwk ftu rko

tfjD d/ f;ZX/ s/ nf;ZX/ gqGkt pzrbkd/F

ftu B}o nk oj/ jB fi; Bkb nyho ~

rko dk xNDk ns/ dfonk d/ sb ns/

feBkfonK dk eNkn tX ikt/rk i' wkor

~ gqGkfts eo/rk ns/ iht-izs{ ftfrnkB

;zpzXh spdhbhnK d/ wkor #s/, tZy-tZy

EktK #s/ tfjD ftu coZek ns/ okiwjb

(Mkoyzv ftu 53 feb'whNo T[go tZb)

ftueko spdhbh nkT[D eoe/ ns/ Bshi/

ti'I iht-izs{ ftfrnkB d/ wkgdzvK ftu

pdbkn j'D ekoB, dfonk d/ ezY/ y[oB

ns/ jVQ nkT[D ;zpzXh fJe ft;Ekos

nfXn?B eotkfJnk frnk. fJ; nfXn?B

dk ekbyzv 1955 s'I 2005 ;h i' n?b J/

n?B vh n?; J/ Nh ns/ fJzvhnB fow'N

;?If;zr ;?N/bkJhN (nkJh nko n?;) tb'I

;ko/ dfonkJh wkor d/ bJ/ rJ/ fuZsoK

#s/ nkXkos ;h (mke[o, 2014). fJ;

nfXn?B dh fog'oN ftu dZf;nk frnk fe


dfonk d/ feBko/ y[oB dk w[Zy ekoB

dfonk d/ sb #s/ fwZNh dk gosheoB

j'Dk, okiwjb ftu ;ys uZNkB dk y/so

j'Dk, rko dh f}nkdk fwedko ns/ coZek

pzBQ dh T[;koh nkgD/ nkg ftu fJe

;wZf;nk ;h i' gkDh d/ e[dosh tjkn

ftu o[ektN T[sgzB eodk j?. fJ; d/

fFeko w[Zy s"o s/ wkbNk f}bQ/ d/ wkfBeuZe

ns/ ekbhnkuZe-2 ekbhnkuZe-3 ns/ os{nk

pbke-1 jB. fiE/ fJBQK pbkeK ftu jh

dfonktK

d h e [ Zb

bzpkJh dk

gqfsFs

dfonk dh e[Zb

gqd{fFs bzpkJh

dk gqfsFs

fuZso-4 L Gkosh dfonktK ftu gqd{FB (b/ye dh nkfrnk Bkb gqekfFs ehs/ rJ/ nzefVnK

#s/ nkXkfos nkoH;hHfsqt/dh, http://www.old.cseindia.org/misc/ganga/state_pollution.pdf

rzrk whvhnw ohto} pqjwg[Zso r'dktoh jv; feqFBk wjkBzdk j'o

pkfEzr e[nkfbNh

whB 2005whB 2003

e[Zb ekbhckow} n?w gh n?B$100 fwHbhH

(bkr g?wkB)

FfjoFfjoFfjoFfjoFfjo

foFhe/F, :{HghH

jfod[nko vh$n?`;, :{HghH

rVQw[es/Fto, :{HghH

eB"i :{$n?`; (okixkN) :{HghH

eB"i vh$n?`;, :{HghH

fpm{o (ekBQg[o) :{HghH

ekBQg[o :{$n?`; (okthxkN), :{HghH

ekBQg[o :{$n?`;

(iiwkT{ ghfgzr ;N/FB) :{HghH

nbkjkpkd vh$n?`; (;zrw) :{HghH

tkokD;h :{$n?`; (nk;hxkN) :{HghH

tkokD;h vh$n?; (wkbthnk g[b):{HghH

y[oih, gNBk :{$n?`;, fpjko

T[b{p/ohnk, gZSwh pzrkb

gbNk, gZSwh pzrkb

1977 s'I b? e/ brGr 1670 j?eN/no y/

sh tkbh }whB dk B[e;kB j' u[Zek j?.

fJjh toskok w[oFhdkpkd f}bQ/ d/ tZy-tZy

fJbkfenK dk j? fiE/ tZv/ gZXo #s/ pko-

pko feBko/ y[oB, }whB ftu gkDh GoB

ns/ f;ZN/ ti'I fgzvK ftubh t;'I dh fjios

dhnK xNBktK j'JhnK jB (p?Boih, 1999,

o[dok, 2004) fi; Bkb Gkosh fJbke/

ftu ;zgsh d/ tZvh gZXo #s/ B[e;kB j'J/

jB, i' fe ;kbkBk xNBk pD rJh j?.

gqFk;B tb'I rko Bkb xN/ dfonk

d/ sb #u'I ;VeK dk gqpzX eoB dh Gkosh

;[zdopB #u, o[MkB, fi; dh ehws dfonktK

d/ y[Fe j'D d/ o{g ftu u[ekT[Dh g?Idh

j?, fJj ftek; d/ fpbe[b T[bN j?, fi;

ftu, rbsh Bkb y/so d/ tksktoB ~

B}onzdk} ehsk ik fojk j?.

pzrbkd/F d/ sZNh y/soK ftu th

rko iwQK j'D ns/ ib fBek;h xkNhnK

ns/ dfonkJh wkorK ftu nBktoD dh

gqfefonk dh tZvh do pko/ fog'oNK fJ;bkw

(1999) tb'I fdshnK rJhnK jB fi;

Bkb d/F ftu pko-pko jVQ nkT[Id/ jB

(pzrbkghvhnk).

i?fte fGzBsk dh jkBhi?fte fGzBsk dh jkBhi?fte fGzBsk dh jkBhi?fte fGzBsk dh jkBhi?fte fGzBsk dh jkBh

ne;o dfonk d/ j/mb/ w[jkfBnK,

]k; eoe/ d'jK d/FK ftu c?b/ ;[zdopB

ftu gkDh d/ tjkn ftu nk ojh ewh

eoe/ i?fte fGzBsk d/ o[MkB ftu tkgo

ojhnK spdhbhnK pko/ ;tkb T[mkJ/ iKd/

jB. j[D tksktoB s/}h Bkb pdb fojk

j? ns/ izrb dhnK e[M gqikshnK d/ b'g

j'D Bkb i?fte-fGzBsk s/}h Bkb BFN j'

ojh j?. go fco th fJj eJh ftbZyD

g"fdnK ns/ ikBtoK d/ xo ti'I ezw eo

ojh j?. ;ko/ v?bNk y/so ftu i?fte

fGzBsk d/ BFN j'D d/ eJh ekoB bZG/

rJ/ jB. Gkt/I fe fJ; jkBh dk d'F

tZy-tZy sZsK s/ frDkswe gZy'I wVQBk

;zGt BjhI j?, go fJBQK sZsK ftu'I pj[s

;ko/ wkBt d[nkok f;oi/ ekoeK Bkb fwb

e/, gkDh d/ xN/ tjkn bJh f;ZX/ iK

nf;ZX/ o{g ftu f}zw/tko jB.

pzrbkd/Fpzrbkd/Fpzrbkd/Fpzrbkd/Fpzrbkd/F #u#u#u#u#u gkDhgkDhgkDhgkDhgkDh SZvDkSZvDkSZvDkSZvDkSZvDk s/s/s/s/s/ yko/gByko/gByko/gByko/gByko/gB

dh x[;g?mdh x[;g?mdh x[;g?mdh x[;g?mdh x[;g?m LLLLL nkb'uBkswenkb'uBkswenkb'uBkswenkb'uBkswenkb'uBkswe w[ZbzeDw[ZbzeDw[ZbzeDw[ZbzeDw[ZbzeD

pzrbkd/F ftu j/mbh rzrk dk v?bNk

y/so y/socb gZy'I ekch ftFkb j? ns/

rzGho fXnkB dh wzr eodk j?. 1970

s'I 2011 d/ ;w/I d/ rzrk d/ gkDh SZvD

d/ nzeV/ fJj do;kT[Id/ jB fe y[Fe

nbkjkpkd (o;{bkpkd) :{HghH

gNBk vh$n?`; (rzrk g[b) fpjko


w";w (Btzpo-wJh) d"okB gkDh dk tjkn,

coZek pzBQ j'Id ftu nkT[D T[gozs 82

gqfsFs se xN frnk j? (nk\o'} ns/

ofjwkB, 2013).

pzrbkd/F tb'I tZy-tZy GkrK pko/

fsnko ehs/ nzeV/ ns/ coZek pzBQ s'I gkDh

w'VB eoe/ d/F d/ tksktoB #s/ g?D tkb/

gqGkt, tXk-uVQk e/ g/F ehs/ rJ/ jB,

feT[Ife T[BQK dk nkXko jw/Fk ftfrnkBe

w[ZbzeD BjhI ;h. d{i/ gk;/, coZek pzBQ s'I

gqkDh gqkgs eoB eoe/ Gkos dh ;whfynk

e[ZM XkoBktK #s/ nkXkos j? i' coZek pzBQ

d/ j'Id ftu nkT[D s'I gfjbK dhnK ;B

ns/ fJ; eoe/ fJj w[ZbzeD nzdk}/ s'I

xZN gqshs j[zdk j?.

GftZyh Bhshrs w[Zd/ ns/GftZyh Bhshrs w[Zd/ ns/GftZyh Bhshrs w[Zd/ ns/GftZyh Bhshrs w[Zd/ ns/GftZyh Bhshrs w[Zd/ ns/

;wkgsh fNZgDhnK;wkgsh fNZgDhnK;wkgsh fNZgDhnK;wkgsh fNZgDhnK;wkgsh fNZgDhnK

Gkos (coZek d/ dZyD) s/ pzrbkd/F

(dZyD gZSw) dh j/mbh rzrk dk v?bNk

y/so dk tksktoB fJe' fijk j? ns/ fJ;

y/so ~ coZek pzBQ s'I xZN tZX gkDh

SZvD ns/ Gkos ftu tZy-tZy EktK #s/

dfonk d/ T[sb/ y/soK ftu gkDh dh

ftrV ojh r[DtZsk eoe/ ]sok g/F nk

fojk j?. d'tK d/FK bJh fJj ;KMk s"ybk

j'D eoe/, }o{os j? fe ;w[Zfus ns/

e/Idfos gj[zu ngDkJh ikt/ fi; tk;s/

j/mK e[M ;[Mkn rJ/ jB i' ;[ykt/I jZb

bJh c"oh s"o s/ bkr{ eoB/ ukjhd/ jB.

• coZek pzBQ dh pBktN ns/ fJE'IgkDh SZvD ns/ tzv #s/ d[pkok r"o eoB

dh b'V j? i' rzrk dfonk d/ T[gob/

y/soK ftu gkDh d/ nB[wkBs tjkn ~

fXnkB ftu oZy e/ bzw/ ;w/I dh ;'u

w[skpe ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j?. fJj d'BK

d/FK d/ fjs ftu j't/rk ns/ i/ }o{oh

j't/ sK Bt/I fB:wK pko/ th \?;bk fbnk

ik ;edk j?.

• fsZps s'I fBebD tkb/ rzrk-pqjwg[Zso dfonktK d/ gkDh dk nB[wkBs

tjkn fi; dk nkXko fgxb oj/

rb/Fhno ns/ tksktoB ftu pdbkn

ekoB g?dk j' oj/ wkgdzvK dhnK

nfBFfussktK jB, pko/ w[V s'I nfXn?B

eoB ns/ Y[et/I tksktofBe wkvbK Bkb

gkDh dh tzv d/ GftZyh B/w s? eoB dh

b'V j? sK i' coZek pzBQ s'I tZy-tZy

;fwnK d"okB g{oh ;Nhesk Bkb gkDh dh

tzv ehsh ik ;e/.

• Gkos ftu BthnK ;Ekfgs ehshnKikD tkbhnK gD-fpibh :'iBktK s/ f;zikJh

:'iBktK #s/ rzGho ftuko tNKdok ehs/

ikD dh b'V j?. fJ; d/ bJh T[sb/ y/soK

ftu dfonkJh gkDh SZvD d/ ;]s ek~B

s/ w[ZbzeD }o{oh b'V j'D/ ukjhd/ jB sK

fe y/so dk tksktoB gqGkfts Bk j't/.

• T[sb/ y/soK ftu gfjbK s'I ;Ekfgsns/ ezw eo ojhnK gD-fpibh ns/

f;zikJh :'iBktK dh, gkDh SZvD d/ B/wK

d/ ;zdoG ftu, w[V s'I ;whfynk ehs/

ikD dh b'V j? ns/ i/ }o{os j't/ sK

fJBQK ~ ;'fXnk ikt/ sK fe y/so dk

tksktoB ;zs[bB pfDnk oj/.

• gkDh dh |?o-ek~Bh u'oh ~vZeD bJh, i' Gkos ftu fBZih J/iz;hnK

tb'I ehsh iKdh j?, gqFk;fBe u"e;h pDkJh

oZyDh ukjhdh j?.

• oDBhse EktK #s/, ftF/F EktKbJh ;zrfms ib ftek; ns/ gqpzXB

;ehwK, dfonk dh e[Zb bzpkJh ftu ns/

tZy-tZy ;wK ;koDh w[skfpe pDkJhnK

ikDhnK ukjhdhnK jB. fJBQK ~ nwb

ftu fbnkT[D bJh Yzr sohe/, fi; ftu

;EkBe tk;hnK dh T[g:[es Gkrhdkoh

j't/, fsnko ehs/ ikD/ ukjhd/ jB sK i'

Gkos #u ;kok ;kb fwfEnk j'fJnk gkDh

dk tjkn :ehBh pDkfJnk ik ;e/.

• Gkos ftu ]k; eoe/, fwZNh ns/gkDh d/ yko/gB, tjkn dh do, BfjoK d/

T[sko uVQkn, rko ibftfrnkB d/ wkgdzv,

dfonktK okjhI e'beksk pzdorkj #s/

nktkikJh, Xosh j/mb/ gkDh dh ;sj

ns/ r[DtZsk, i?fte fGzBsk d/ nfjw

nzr, ns/ d{;o/ ;zpzfXs wkgdzvK ~, j/mb/

v?bNk y/soK ftu gkDh d/ tjkn d/

wkwb/ ftu yk; fXnkB ftu oZyDk ukjhdk

j?. fJ; dh fBrokBh bJh gzi ;kbK dh

fJe ;zrfms :'iBk pDkJh ikt/ i' fJe

e/Idoh ekoi db j' ;edk j? fi; ftu

ftfrnkBh, |?o-;oekoh ;z;EktK, ;oekoh

nfXekoh, ;EkBe tk;h Fkfwb j'D ns/

fJ; ~ iBse y/so ftu oZfynk ikt/.

fJ;/ soQK dhnK jh :'iBktK pzrbkd/F

tb'I th pDkJhnK ikDhnK ukjhdhnK jB.

d'jK d/FK d/ gqw[Zy ftneshnK dh fJe

Nhw ~ nkg; ftu rZbpks eoe/ ;kb

ftu fJe tko gqrsh dh ;whfynk eoe/,

;[Xko bJh ;[Mkn g/F eoB/ ukjhd/ jB

sK fe fwE/ Nhu/ jk;b j' ;eD.

fJj :kd oZyDk ukjhdk j? fe d'jK

d/FK dk j/mbh rzrk dk v?bNk y/so tZv/

s"o s/ sZNh fJbkek j? ns/ tksktofBe

;zeNK eoe/ g?dk j' ojhnK p/fB:whnK

eoe/ ew}'o j?, fi; ~ o'eDk fe;/ d/

p; ftu BjhI. rzrk dfonk d/ B?Ntoe

d/ ftrV oj/ tksktofBe tjkn s'I g?Idk

j'D tkb/ d{i/ sZs fJbke/ d/ t;BheK

dhnK w[FfebK ftu tkXk eoe/ jB.

n;hI wzBd/ jK fe d'jK d/FK d/ fJBQK

y/soK d/ tk;hnK dh o'}h-o'Nh ftu ;[Xko

ykso tksktoB ftu ;[Xko eoB d/ S'N/

o;s/ BjhI ngDkT[D/ ukjhd/. fJ; eoe/

T[go fds/ ;[MktK #s/ fXnkBg{ote ftuko

eoBk b'VhIdk j?.

(b/ye eqwtko ;kpe fBod/Fe, ;?INob oh;ou

fJz;NhfuT{N cko i{N n?Iv nbkJhv ckJhpo},

p?oeg[o, gZSwh pzrkb ns/ feqFh ftfrnkB

e/Ido ;?INob oh;ou fJz;NhfuT{N cko i{N

n?Iv nbkJhv ckJhpo}, p[vp[v p[odtkB,

gZSwh pzrkb jB.)


:[email protected]


ftF/F b/yftF/F b/yftF/F b/yftF/F b/yftF/F b/y

xZro dfonk L gqd{FB s/ ;zGkth T[gknxZro dfonk L gqd{FB s/ ;zGkth T[gknxZro dfonk L gqd{FB s/ ;zGkth T[gknxZro dfonk L gqd{FB s/ ;zGkth T[gknxZro dfonk L gqd{FB s/ ;zGkth T[gkn

uoBihs f;zx @BkGk#uoBihs f;zx @BkGk#uoBihs f;zx @BkGk#uoBihs f;zx @BkGk#uoBihs f;zx @BkGk#

fsjk; LtoswkB xZro dfonk

fe;/ ;w/I ;o;tsh Bdh dk

fjZ;k ;h, fi; ~ v{zxhnK ftfrnkBe y'iK

B/ g[ysk ;p{sK Bkb f;ZX ehsk j?.

brGr d; j}ko ;kb gfjbK id'I w";wh

spdhbhnK ekoB fjwkfbnk s'I tZvhnK

BdhnK okjhI s/} gkDh w?dkBh fJbkfenK

ftu gj[zuD/ F[o{ j'J/ sK fJBQK BdhnK

d[nkb/ ;fGnksktK dk ftek; j'fJnk.

gkDh dh T[gbpXsk ns/ }oy/} Xosh B/

y/shpkVh ns/ j'o feZfsnK ~ tXkfJnk.

nZi dk oki;EkB T[; ;w/I ;G s'I ozrbk,

jfonk-Gfonk w?dkB ;h feT[Ife gZSwh

rVQtkb d/ rb/FhnoK s'I fBebh ;o;tsh

Bdh fjwkub, gzikp, jfonkDk s'I j[zdh

j'Jh ns/ oki;EkB ~ f;zidh r[ioks'I gko

eZS dh ykVh okjhI nop ;kro ftu

fvrdh ;h. fJ; dk f}eo tZy-tZy t/dK,

g[okDK, wB{ ;fwqsh, wjKGkos nkfd rqzEK

ftu th nkT[Idk j?. fort/d nB[;ko fJ;

y/so ftu ;Zs tZvhnK BdhnK tfjzdhnK

;B L fiBQK ftu ;o;tsh ns/ f;zX{ gqw[Zy

BdhnK s'I fJbktk Fskdo{ (;sb[i), fpgkFk

(fpnk;), n;feBh (uBkp), noktsh (okth)

ns/ ftskFk (i/jbw) ;B.

;o;tsh dhnK ;jkfJe BdhnK ftu

Fskdo{ (;sb[i), :w[Bk ns/ fdq;d/tsh

(xZro) gqw[Zy ;B. brGr 2000 ;kb

se ;o;tsh fJ; }oy/} Xosh dh o{j

pDh ojh. go j[D s'I nzdk}B 6000

;kb gfjbK fjwkfbnk dh j'Jh T[Eb-

g[Eb s'I pknd ;o;tsh Bdh nkgD/ w{b

ib ;o'sK s'I fBZyV rJh ns/ f;o\

;jkfJe BdhnK d/ Bho Bkb fiT[Idh

ojh. fco ;jkfJe BdhnK ]k; eoe/

;sb[i ns/ :w[Bk B/ nkgDk o[] pdb

fbnk ns/ ;o;tsh Bho-ofjs j[zdh ubh

rJh. ;p} oki;EkB o/sbk ns/ pzio

pDB bZrk ns/ fJj ;o;tsh oki;EkB

d/ o/s d/ fNZfpnK ftu nkgDk ti{d r[nk

p?mh. fJ; Bdh ~ oki;EkB ftu jiok

ns/ f;zX ftu Bkok Bdh efjzd/ jB.

w"i{dk G{r'fbe ;fEshw"i{dk G{r'fbe ;fEshw"i{dk G{r'fbe ;fEshw"i{dk G{r'fbe ;fEshw"i{dk G{r'fbe ;fEsh

xZro nZi ;o;tsh d/ ntF/F ti'I

fjwkub, jfonkDk ns/ gzikp dh Xosh

#s/ w"i{d j? fi; d/ Bho dk nkgDk e'Jh

;o's BjhI fojk fi; ekoB fJj ;fjedh

jh B}o nkT[Idh j?. f;ow"o dh gjkVh s'I

po;ksh gkDh d/ fBek; d/ s"o s/ fJ;

dk nkozG j[zdk j? ns/ fJj jfonkDk d/

w'oBh gjkVK ftu j[zdh gzikp d/ w?dkBh

fJbke/ ftu gzikp ns/ jfonkDk dh

;{pkJh jZd pDdh oki;EkB d/ fNZfpnK

ftu b'g j' iKdh j?. j[D xZro dfonk

fijV/ ed/ ;o;tsh Bdh d/ s"o s/ t/dK,

g[okDK ns/ j'o Xkofwe rzqEK ftu g{fink

iKdk ;h, dk ti{d nZi gzikp d/ wkbt/

d/ tZv/ fyZs/, jfonkDk ns/ fjwkub d/

e[M y/so dk ;hto/i ns/ po;ks dk

gkDh fbikT[D tkb/ Bkb/ d/ o{g ftu jh

ofj frnk j?.

d{fFs gkDh dh ;wZf;nkd{fFs gkDh dh ;wZf;nkd{fFs gkDh dh ;wZf;nkd{fFs gkDh dh ;wZf;nkd{fFs gkDh dh ;wZf;nk

GkJh ekjB f;zx BkGk d/ wjkB e'F

d/ gzBk 438 #s/ fJ; Bdh dh fJfsjk;e

wjZssk ~ do;kfJnk frnk j?, go j[D

fJj Bdh d{fFs Bdh ti'I th fJfsjk; d/

gzfBnK #s/ nkgDk Bkw nzfes eotkT[D

bJh ;G s'I nZr/ j?. fJ; Bdh d/ ib

gqd{FB d/ ;o'sK ~ ;wMD bJh fJ; d/

;jkfJe BkfbnK ~ w"i{dk G{r'fbe jZdK

d/ dkfJo/ j/m ofj e/ ftukoBk j't/rk.

• fjwkub gqd/F L feT[Ife fJjdfonk f;ow"o dhnK gjkVhnK s'I fBebdk

j? sK BkjB, ekbk nzp, gotkD{ nkfd dk

fBek; fJ; ~ gbhs eoBk F[o{ eodk

j?. ekb/ nzp dk fBek; iZNK tkb/ u'n

okjhI wkoezvk Bdh ftu g?Idk j? id fe

gotkD{ dk fBek; e[FZfbnk u'n d[nkok

xZro ftu g?Idk j?.

• jfonkDk L id'I fJj dfonk

fJfJfJfJfJ


jfonkDk ftu dk]b j[zdk j? sK gzue{bk

dk fBek; f;zx u'n okjhI ;[yBk u'n ftu

ns/ nzs ;[yBk u'n }hoeg[o B/V/ xZro

se b? iKdk j?.

x/b Bkbk Lx/b Bkbk Lx/b Bkbk Lx/b Bkbk Lx/b Bkbk L fJj Bkbk nzpkbk

Ffjo ns/ T[d:'rK dk ;kok nD;'fXnk

fBek; b? e/ fgzv T[Bs;o (f}bQk gfNnkbk)

B/V/ xZro dfonk ftu fvZrdk j?.

NKroh-wkoezvk BdhnK LNKroh-wkoezvk BdhnK LNKroh-wkoezvk BdhnK LNKroh-wkoezvk BdhnK LNKroh-wkoezvk BdhnK L fJBQK

BdhnK ftu jfonkDk d/ e[M FfjoK, ]k;

eoe/ Fkjpkd wkoezvk, ;Y"ok nkfd ns/

bkrb/ fgzvK dk nD;'fXnk gkDh ns/

tZy-tZy T[d:'rK dk fBek; g?Idk j?.

NKroh Bdh fgzv p[ZXw"V (gzikp) bkr/

wkoezvk Bdh ftu fwbdh j? i' nZr/

jfonkDk d/ fgzv XBj'sk B/V/ xZro ftu

fwb iKdh j?.

;kro gkVk Bkbk L;kro gkVk Bkbk L;kro gkVk Bkbk L;kro gkVk Bkbk L;kro gkVk Bkbk L fJ; ~

;o;tsh vo/B th fejk iKdk j? i'

e[o{eF/so, Fkjpkd ns/ gj/tk Ffjo dk

rzdk gkDh ns/ bkrb/ T[d:'rK dk rzdk

gkDh fgzv o;"bh (gksVK) B/V/ xZro ftu

gkT[Idk j?.

e?Eb Bkbk Le?Eb Bkbk Le?Eb Bkbk Le?Eb Bkbk Le?Eb Bkbk L fJj Bkbk e?Eb ns/

fJ; vo/B d/ bkrb/ fgzv ns/ T[d:'rK

dk fBek; yB"oh (gzikp) B/V/ xZro ftu

;[ZNdk j?.

• gzikp L xZro Bdh gzikp ns/jfonkDk dh jZd d/ Bkb-Bkb tfjzdh

nzsookih ;ojZd th j?, fi; ekoB fJ;

dh d[odFk j'o dfonktK Bkb'I f}nkdk j?

feT[Ife fJ; dh r[DtZsk ~ f;nk;h r[DtZsk

d/ g?wkB/ #s/ f}nkdk gofynk iKdk j?.

sd/ fJ; d/ bkrb/ b'e nkJ/ ;kb

po;ks ftu jVQK dh wko MZbd/ jB.

jVQK dh wko th nkw dfonktK d/ jVQK

s'I tZyoh j[zdh j? feT[Ife xZro d/ jVQK

Bkb ;w[Zuk rzdk gkDh i' fJ; ftu tfj

fojk j[zdk j?, nkb/-d[nkb/ tV e/ y/sK,

xoK ftu efjo Ykj[zdk j?. id'I fJj

dfonk }hoeg[o B/V/ gzikp ftu dk]b

j[zdk j? T[d'I s'I jh tZy-tZy u'n ns/ Bkb/

fJ; ~ d{fFs eoB brd/ jB.

;[yBk u'n L;[yBk u'n L;[yBk u'n L;[yBk u'n L;[yBk u'n L fJj uzvhrVQ ns/

gzue{bk dk fBek; b? e/ Gzyog[o B/V/

xZro ftu fvZrdk j?.

Ykph Bkbk LYkph Bkbk LYkph Bkbk LYkph Bkbk LYkph Bkbk L fJ; ftu v/okp;h

Ffjo dk fBek; y[ZbQ/ Bkb/ okjhI ns/

T[d:'fre c'eb g[nkfJzN v/okp;h dk

gkDh fvZrdk j? ns/ fJj Ykph Bkbk th

Gzyog[o B/V/ xZro ftu fvZrdk j?.

po;"bh Bkbk Lpo;"bh Bkbk Lpo;"bh Bkbk Lpo;"bh Bkbk Lpo;"bh Bkbk L fJj Bkbk SSo"bh

s'I F[o{ j' e/ i"bK-ebK, ;of;Dh, f;skog[o

ns/ po;"bh nkfd ns/ bkrb/ fgzvK dk

fBek; b? e/ Mowb u'n ftu fwb iKdk

j?.

Mowb u'n LMowb u'n LMowb u'n LMowb u'n LMowb u'n L fJj u'n dZgo,

uXj/Vh, ;wkbj/Vh, j;Bg[o, bkbV{, v?jo

ns/ fNtkDk fgzvK dk fBek; b? e/ fNtkDk

fgzv s'I E'VQk EZb/ xZro ftu bhB j' iKdk

j?.

j;Bg[o ns/ ;of;Dh u'n Lj;Bg[o ns/ ;of;Dh u'n Lj;Bg[o ns/ ;of;Dh u'n Lj;Bg[o ns/ ;of;Dh u'n Lj;Bg[o ns/ ;of;Dh u'n L fJj

u'n th xZro dfonk ftu fvZrd/ jB.

YekB;{ Bkbk LYekB;{ Bkbk LYekB;{ Bkbk LYekB;{ Bkbk LYekB;{ Bkbk L fJ; ftu uzvhrVQ,

w[jkbh d/ fBek; s'I fJbktk pB{V, okig[ok

dk nD;'fXnk gkDh fvZrdk j? ns/ fJj

Bkbk ;okbk y[od (xB"o) bkr/ xZro

dfonk ftu fwb iKdk j?.

gfNnkbk Bdh LgfNnkbk Bdh LgfNnkbk Bdh LgfNnkbk Bdh LgfNnkbk Bdh L fJ; ~ gfNnkbk

eh okU eoe/ th ikfDnk iKdk fojk j?

fi; dk nkozG fFtkfbe dhnK gjkVhnK

(f}bQk o'gV) s'I F[o{ j[zdk fojk j?. fJj

Bdh th tZy-tZy FfjoK s/ fgzvK d/ fBek;

s'I fpBK e[M th BjhI feT[Ife fJ; d/

gkDhnK ~ w[ZbKg[o rohpdk; B/V/ fgzv

gVu bkr/ pzBQ wko e/ y/sh bJh tofsnk

ikD bZrk j?. fJ; ftu gfNnkbk ns/

;B"o s'I fJbktk XB"oh, vekbk, vo'bk,

vo'bh, d{XB, ibkby/Vk, ebkoK, G?Dh,

g[;o'g[o, w?D, F/owkiok, so/B, jkihwkiok

fgzvK dk gkDh b? e/ osBj/Vh B/V/ xZro

ftu g?Idh j?.

Mzp'tkbh u'n LMzp'tkbh u'n LMzp'tkbh u'n LMzp'tkbh u'n LMzp'tkbh u'n L fJj u'n ;wkDk,

d[rkb, jfonkUI, ykB/tkb, BtK rkT[I,

gksVK dk fBek; b? e/ fgzv uzd{ (;zro{o)

B/V/ xZro ftu fvZrdk j?.

;ojzd u'n L;ojzd u'n L;ojzd u'n L;ojzd u'n L;ojzd u'n L fJ; ftu ;ojzd,

p;h gmkDk, wzvh r'fpzdrVQ, BkGk, ;zro{o,

;[Bkw, b'Ir'tkb, Ghyh dk fBek; g?Idk j?

ns/ fJj fgzv ykJh (f}bQk wkB;k) bkr/

xZro ftu fvZrdk j?.

bfjokrkrk u'n Lbfjokrkrk u'n Lbfjokrkrk u'n Lbfjokrkrk u'n Lbfjokrkrk u'n L fJj bfjokrkrk

Ffjo ns/ bkrb/ fgzvK dk fBek; b? e/

fgzv uKdg[o (jfonkDk) bkr/ xZro ftu

fwbdk j?.

fJBQK u'nK ns/ BkfbnK ;w/s gzikp

d/ osBj/Vh, jouzdg[ok, BtK jouzdg[ok,

o;"bh, fSSotkb, yB"oh, noB/N{, uzd{,

wzvth, weo"V ;kfjp, cbkd, w{De, G{zdV,

;od{brVQ (E'VQk ;'XD pknd) ns/ jfonkDk

d/ ikyb ns/ oZshnK dk fBek; f;ZX/ s"o

s/ xZro dfonk ftu fvZrdk fojk j?.

T[go'es ;ko/ BkfbnK, u'nK ns/

xZro dfonk d/ Bkb-Bkb gzikp ftu

;fEsh ;ko/ tZv/, dofwnkB/ ns/ S'N/

T[d:'rK B/ p/FZe ib ;'Xe :zso brkJ/

j'J/ jB ns/ fJBQK gbKNK dh fBozso

w'BhNfozr ehsh iKdh j? ns/ gkDh fe;/

th Bdh Bkb/ iK u'n ftu gkJ/ ikDk

ek~Bh s"o s/ tofis j? go fJBQK T[d:'rK

~ g{oh soQK ebhB fuN th BjhI fdsh ik

;edh ns/ fJBQK #s/ pki nZy oZyDh

;w/I dh wzr j?. id fe jfonkDk d/

pj[s/ T[d:'r ni/ th BkfbnK, u'nK ns/


BdhnK ftu rzd/-gkDh s/ o;kfJD dk

fBek; eoe/ xZro se gj[zuk oj/ jB.

T[gokb/T[gokb/T[gokb/T[gokb/T[gokb/

xZro d/ d{fFs gkDh dh fJe

fteokb ;wZf;nk j? fi; pko/ bzp/ ;w/I

dh Nkb-wN'b s'I pknd j[D ;oekoK B/

;'uDk jh BjhI ;r'I ekoro edw u[ZeD/

F[o{ ehs/ jB. fi; ftu tZy-tZy FfjoK

fiBQK dk rzdk gkDh f;ZX/ iK nf;ZX/ o{g

ftu xZro ftu fvZr fojk j?, ftu

;ht/i NohNw?IN gbKN brkT[Dk gqw[Zy

jB.

• fjwkub gqd/F L BkjB, ekbknzp ns/ gqtkD{ d/ T[d:'rK ns/ Ffjoh

fBek; dk e'Jh NohNw?IN gbKN ni/ BjhI

brkfJnk frnk fi; ekoB fJBQK FfjoK

dk nD;'fXnk fBek; ni/ th xZro ftu

g? fojk j?.

• jfonkDk L jfonkDk d/ 20FfjoK dk fBek; xZro ftu g? fojk ;h,

fiBQK ftu'I frnkoK FfjoK, BokfJDrVQ,

e?Eb, ebkfJs, nzpkbk Ffjo, r{jbk

uhek, N'jkDk, \fsnkpkd, f;o;k (e[ZM

fjZ;k) BotkDk (e[M fjZ;k) gzue{bk ns/

uzvh wzfdo d/ e[Zb 199H5 fwbhnB bhNo

gqfs fdB (n?wHn?bHvhH) dh ;woZEk tkb/

;ht/i NohNw?IN gbKN bZr u[Ze/ jB ns/

ukb{ jB ns/ pkeh B¯ FfjoK gj/tk,

Fkjpkd, ekbek, fgzi"o, nzpkbk SkT[Dh,

oZshnk, f;o;k (pkeh fjZ;k) J/bBkpkd,

BotkDk (pkeh fjZ;k) d/ 73 n?wHn?bHvhH

d/ ;ht/i NohNw?IN gbKN d;zpo 2015

se bZr e/ ukb{ j' ikDr/.

• gzikp L e[Zb 21 FfjoK dk gkDhf;ZX/, nf;ZX/ o{g ftu xZro ftu ik fojk

j? fiBQK ftu'I uko Ffjo, }hoeg[o, ;od{brVQ,

w'jkbh ns/ ;wkDk d/ e[Zb 76H4 n?wHn?bHvhH

;woZEk d/ ;ht/i NohNw?IN gbKN uZb u[Ze/

jB. id fe 8 FfjoK, okig[ok, wzvh

r'fpzdrVQ, gfNnkbk, bfjokrkrk, pB{V,

yB"oh, w{De, gksVK d/ e[Zb 109 n?wHn?bH

vhH d/ NohNw?IN gbKN i{B 2015 se

ukb{ j' ikD dh T[whd j?. fJ; s'I

fJbktk 5 FfjoK, v/okp;h, p;h gkmkDk,

;ojzd, BkGk, ;B"o d/ 32 n?wHn?bHvhH d/

NohNw?IN gbkNK d/ gbkN ~ nzfsw S'jK

fdshnK ik ojhnK jB id fe b¯r'tkb,

;[Bkw, ;zro{o ns/ Ghyh d/ brkJ/ ikD

tkb/ ;hto/} NohNw?IN gbKN ni/ w[ZYbh

:'iBkpzdh nXhB jB.

; [Mkn; [Mkn; [Mkn; [Mkn; [Mkn

• T[go'es uouk s'I fJj ;gZFN j?fe xZro dfonk ftu d{fFs gkDh dh

;wZf;nk fJ; dfonk d/ nkgD/ w{b ib

;o's s'I g{oh soQK N[ZN ikD ekoB F[o{

j'Jh j? feT[Ife ;tZS gkDh ftu ;t?

F[ZXheoB dh fJe pj[s tZvh ]{ph e[dosh

B/ fBtk}h j'Jh j?. fizBh d/o fJ; dfonk

bJh brksko ;k\ gkDh dh nkwd dk

;o's bZfGnk ns/ fwfEnk BjhI iKdk T[Bh

d/o ;oeko dhnK ;kohnK e'fFFK ~ p{o

g?D dh ;zGktBk pj[s xZN j?. BdhnK

dk gkDh okiK dk nfXeko j? ns/ fJj

dfonk nzsookih s/ jZd j'D ekoB fJ;

ftu ;k\ gkDh dh nkwd bJh gzikp ns/

jfonkDk dhnK ;oekoK ~ f;nk;h G/VK

s'I T[go T[m e/ gftZso ekbh t/IJhI dh

so} #s/ GkyVk w/B bkJhB iK BotkDk

chvo s'I gkDh gkT[D bJh ftuko eoBk

ukjhdk j? ns/ gkJ/ ikD tkb/ gkDh dh

wksok xZro Bkb brd/ gzikp ns/

jfonkDk d/ y/soK d/ nB[gks nB[;ko

fwZE b?Dh ukjhdh j?.

• tZy-tZy fgzvK ftu pj[s xZNehws (fi; ftu fpibh, wB[Zyh Fesh ns/

o;kfJDK s'I ofjs) dh seBkb'ih, i' j[D

nkw T[gbpX j?, okjhI gkDh ~ ;'X e/ iK

sK y/sh bJh tos fbnk ikt/ iK u'n

nkfd ftu fBek; eo fdsk ikt/. fJ;

seBkb'ih ~ ngDkT[D ns/ tosD bJh

wBo/rk torhnK ;ehwK s'I \zv bJ/ ns/

tos/ ik ;ed/ jB fi; d/ bJh ;EkBe

gzukfJsK nfXekos jB.

• fjwkub gqd/F #s/ dpkn gkfJnkikt/ fe T[j th ;ht/i NohNw?IN gbKN

brkT[D d/ g[ysk gqpzX eo/.

• p/FZe xZro bkrb/ Ffjo fgzvKftu gkDh ~ ;'XD bJh NohNw?IN gbKN

brkJ/ ik oj/ jB go fco th gfNnkbk

Bdh bJh osBj/Vh fgzv B/V/ ns/ Mzp'tkbh

u'n bJh fgzv uzd{ B/V/ tZyo/ ib ;'Xe

gbKN brkJ/ ikD dh sithi th pDkJh

ikt/ feT[Ife ;ojzd u'n dk gkDh ;w/s

po;ks d/ ;w/I, ed/ th xZro dfonk

ftu BjhI gj[zudk ;r'I o;s/ ftu jh

fe;kBK d[nkok tofsnk ik fojk j?.

;oeko d[nkok pDkJh rJh Bhsh

nB[;ko tZy-tZy FfjoK ftu brkJ/ ikD

tkb/ ;ht/i NohNw?IN gbKNK s'I pknd ;'X/

gkDh ~ y/shpkVh bJh tos/ ikD dh

sith} j?. i/ nfijk j' iKdk j? sK

xZro ftu gkDh nkT[Dk ek\h jZd se

ysw jh j' ikt/rk. f;ZN/ ti'I, ;o;tsh

Bdh dh fBFkBh fJj xZro, GftZy ftu

G{r'fbe BeF/ s'I ;o;tsh Bdh tKr b'g

j' ikD dhnK ;zGktBktK j'o tXDhnK

fenk;hnK ik ;edhnK jB.

(b/ye fvgNh vkfJo?eNo (b'e ;zgoe) gzikp

gqd{FD o'eEkw p'ov, gfNnkbk j?.)



ikp d/ e/Idoh fyZs/ d[nkpk ftu

trd/ fpnk; dfonk dh gqw[Zy

;jkfJe Bdh 160 feb'whNo bzph ekbh

t/JhI r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dh to';kJh

gftZso Bdh j? fi; ftu r[o{ ih 14 ;kb

9 wjhB/ 13 fdB ;[bskBg[o b'Xh fty/

nkgDh mfjo d"okB fJFBkB eod/ oj/.

fJFBkB d"okB nkg ih B/ fJe fdB N[ZGh

brk e/ r[opkDh d/ w{b wzso dk T[ukoB

ehsk. fJ; gqeko fJ; Bdh ~ r[opkDh

d/ gqrN n;EkB ti'I ftbZyD fJfsjk;e

ns/ Xkofwe wjZssk dh gqkgsh j' rJh.

go nc;'; fJ; ~ T[j wkD ;fseko Bk

fdsk frnk fi; dh T[j jZedko ;h.

fJ; d/ Bkb fJj th d[Zy dh rZb j? fe

fJ; sZE ~ B}onzdk} eo fdsk frnk

fe fJj Bdh d[nkp/ d/ fJbke/ d/ Xosh

j/mb/ gkDh dh fJe wjZstg{oB ;o's j'D

ekoB fJE'I d/ b'eK dh ihtB o/yk th j?.

fJ; ftu fJbke/ d/ xo/b{ ;hto/iK dk

gkDh ns/ eko]kfBnK dh }fjohbh t/;N/i

gkT[Dh nkozG eo fdsh rJh ns/ fJ; d/

feBkfonK T[s/ ;fEs Xkofwe n;EkBK dk

th fJ; Bkb'I Bksk s'V fdsk frnk. fJ;

gqeko fJj Bdh b'eK dh p/fXnkBh dk

fFeko j' e/ e{Vk-dkB pD e/ ofj rJh

fi; ftu Bk f;o\ fgzvK FfjoK d/ rzd/

s/ }fjob/ gkDh jh gkT[D/ nkozG eo

fds/ rJ/ ;r'I e{Vk eoeN th fJ; ftu

Y/oh ehsk ikD bZr fgnk. d{i/ gk;/,

nk;-gk; t;d/ b'eK B/ fJ; d/ tjhD d/

oep/ #s/ ep}/ eoe/ T[;kohnK eo bJhnK

ekbh t/JhI dk gotkj L b'eK bJh ;[y dk ;kjekbh t/JhI dk gotkj L b'eK bJh ;[y dk ;kjekbh t/JhI dk gotkj L b'eK bJh ;[y dk ;kjekbh t/JhI dk gotkj L b'eK bJh ;[y dk ;kjekbh t/JhI dk gotkj L b'eK bJh ;[y dk ;kj

vkH jopz; f;zx ukjbvkH jopz; f;zx ukjbvkH jopz; f;zx ukjbvkH jopz; f;zx ukjbvkH jopz; f;zx ukjb

iK T[; ~ g{o e/ \;bK phi bJhnK.

fJ; Bkb ekbh t/JhI woB feBko/ g[Zi

rJh. e[dos u[Zg-ukg fJ; gqeko dhnK

|?o-e[dosh joesK dh ;}k d/ fdzdh j?

ns/ nkgDh e[dosh gqfefonk ~ pjkb

eo b?Idh j?. go fJ; gqfefonk ftu eJh

tko wB[Zy ~ pj[s tZvk yfwnk}k G[rsD

g?Idk j?.

Bdh d/ brGr pzd j' ikD Bkb

j[fFnkog[o f}bQ/ d/ w[e/ohnK-d;{j/ d/

fJbke/ ftu'I tkX{ gkDh dh fBek;h dk

o;sk pzd j' frnk s/ j}koK J/eV }whB

ftu ;/w g? ikD ekoB rohph s/ ezrkbh

B/ nkgD/ g?o gk;ko bJ/. d{i/ gk;/,

eg{oEbk f}bQ/ dk ;kok fJbkek Xosh

j/mb/ gkDh dh ohukofizr pzd j' ikD

Bkb wko{Eb ftu spdhb j'D bZrk.

b'ekJh d/ d[Zy s/ p/p;h ~ wfj;{; eod/

j'J/ ;zs pbpho f;zx ;hu/tkb fiBQK dk

Bkw thjthI ;dh d/ nzfsw djke/ d"okB

d[nkp/ d/ gSV/ fJbke/ ftu ;VeK s/

;hto/iK dh T[;koh d[nkok b'eK d/ wBK

ftu jowB-fgnkosk gqkgs eo fojk ;h,

;fEsh d/ ;[Xko fjZs fJ; fdqF #s/ gqrN

j[zd/ jB. T[BQK ekbh t/JhI Bdh d/ ;[Xko

fjs i[bkJh 2000 ftu eko ;/tk okjhI

iBse w[fjzw dh F[o{nks eo fdsh i'

fgSb/ 13 ;kbK d"okB fBZs Bt/I gVkn

gko eodh s/ Bt/I ehoshwkB ;Ekfgs

eodh rJh.

eko ;/tk d/ F[o{nksh gVkn (2000-

03) d"okB ;[bskBg[o b'Xh fty/ ekbh

t/JhI ftu'I p{Nh ns/ rko pkjo eZY e/

fJ; d/ tjhD dh ;\kJh ehsh rJh.

fJ; d/ d'jK pzBQK ~ T[u/ eo e/ T[BQK #s/

gZEoK Bkb fJFBkB xkN T[;ko/ rJ/.

d'jhI gk;hI fJZNK dhnK gZehnK ;VeK pDk

e/ c[Zb p{N/ brk fds/ rJ/. fJ; Bkb

t/JhI dh e[dosh ;[zdosk ~ uko uzd bZr

rJ/.

eko ;/tk d/ d{;o/ gVkn d"okB

t/JhI d/ w[ZY ;o's XB'nk (f}bQk j[fFnkog[o)

s'I nkozG eoe/ fJ; ftu'I p{Nh s/ rko

eZYD dk i'yw Gfonk ezw ehsk frnk.

Bkb dh Bkb XB'nk s'I b? e/ eKibh

nzsookFNoh okw;o ibrkj se 110

feb'whNo bzpk o;sk th t/JhI d/ ezY/-ezY/

fsnko ehsk frnk.

nrb/ gVkn (2004-05) d"okB

;[bskBg[o b'Xh s'I fBtkD tkb/ gk;/ tZb

t/JhI d/ tjhD dh ;\kJh ehsh rJh.

fJ; d/ Bkb jh fJfsjk;e Bro dh

;[zdosk dh w[fjzw th ftZYh rJh. fJ;

d"okB Bro d/ Bht/I fJbkfenK ftu

}whBh ;hto/i f;;Nw gk e/ rzd/ gkDhnK

dh ;wZf;nk dk jZb ehsk frnk.

eko ;/tk d/ u"E/ gVkn (2006-07)

d"okB Bk f;o\ johe/ ibrkj s'I T[go

tZb ;[bskBg[o b'Xh se t/JhI d/ tjhD

dh ;\kJh eoe/ ;sb[i dk gkDh ;[bskBg[o

se uVQkT[D dk ;cb siopk ehsk frnk

;r'I wzv d/ fJbke/ ~ jVQ dh wko s'I

pukT[D d/ T[gokb/ th nkozG ehs/ rJ/.

tXhnk nwb sohe/tXhnk nwb sohe/tXhnk nwb sohe/tXhnk nwb sohe/tXhnk nwb sohe/

gzgzgzgzgz


fJ; ;w/I se gftZso t/JhI dh ekoi

;/tk B/ d/F-ftd/F d/ p[ZXhihthnK, tksktoB

Fk;sohnK s/ ;wki ;[XkoeK dk fXnkB

fyZuDk eoBk F[o{ eo fdsk ;h. fJ;

gVkn dh fJe wjZstg{oB xNBk ;h

okFNogsh vkH J/HghHi/H npd[b ebkw dk

eko ;/tk Bkb i[VBk. T[BQK ;zs ;hu/tkb

dh ofjB[wkJh j/m uZb ojh fJ; b'e

w[fjzw ~ Gkos dhnK B¯ ;ot'sw gqkgshnK

ftu frfDnk ns/ fJ; ~ nkgD/ okFNogsh

s/ nzsookFNoh GkFBK ftu fJe o'b

wkvb ti'I gqukfonk. T[j ][d th 17

nr;s 2006 ~ eko ;/tk ~ nZyhI

d/yD bJh ;[bskBg[o b'Xh fty/

nkJ/. fJ;/ gqeko fJe tko fco T[j

i[bkJh 2008 ftu ;zs ;hu/tkb d/

ftF/F ;Zd/ #s/ ;[bskBg[o b'Xh fty/

eko ;/tk dh toQ/ rzY d/ ;wkrwK

ftu Fkfwb j'D bJh nkJ/.

2006 s'I pknd eko ;/tk B/

j'o th Bt/I nk:kw gkJ/ jB. ekbh

t/JhI dh gftZsosk ~ gZe/ s"o s/

pjkb eoB d/ :sBK dh eVh ti'I fgzvK

BroK d/ rzd/ gkDhnK d/ pdbt/I gqpzX

eoB d/ siop/ ehs/ rJ/ jB. t/JhI ezY/

d/ fgzvK FfjoK ftu ;hto/i d/ rzd/

gkDhnK ~ NohNw?IN gbKNK ftu ;'X e/

y/sh ftu tosD dk ;cb siopk ehsk

frnk j?. t/JhI ezY/ t;d/ pj[s ;ko/ fgzvK

ftu rzd/ gkDh ~ fJeZmk eoB bJh tos/

iKd/ SZgVK ~ ;k\ eoe/ e[dosh NohNw?IN

gbKNK dk o{g d/ fdsk frnk ns/ }whBh

gkJhgbkJhBK ftSk e/ ;k\ ehsk gkDh

fe;kBK ~ y/sK dh f;zikJh bJh w[jZJhnk

eotkfJnk frnk. fJ; Bkb y/sh dh

T[gi ftu th Gkoh tkXk t/yD ~ fwfbnk.

fJ; gqeko rzd/ gkDhnK dh bkjDs ~

todkB ftu pdb fdsk frnk. t/JhI dh

eko ;/tk d/ nB[Gt s'I gq/oBk b? e/ j[D

t/JhI s'I d{o d/ fgzvK FfjoK ftu th

}whB-d'} ;hto/i ftSkJ/ ik oj/ jB s/

fgzvK dh ekfJnk-ebg ehsk ik fojk j?.

ob-fwb e/ ;KM/ ekoi eoB dh gq/oBk

Bkb b'eK ftu nkg;h oziFK s/ d[FwDhnK

dk ykswk j' fojk j?. eko ;/tk d/ fJe

fjZ;/ ti'I y/sK s/ ftZfdnk dk gq;ko th

s/}h Bkb j' fojk j? fi; d/ f;ZN/ ti'I,

B"itkBK dh wkBf;e f;js ftu ;[Xko j'

fojk j? s/ BfFnK s/ j'o ;wkfie p[okJhnK

dk gqe'g xN fojk j?.

gftZso t/JhI dh eko ;/tk dh

gqGktFhbsk ~ d/yd/ j'J/ gzikp ;oeko

tb'I ekbh t/JhI ~ gftZso Bdh n?bkB

ehsk frnk j? ns/ fJ; d/ Bkb jh

;[bskBg[o b'Xh dh fJfsjk;e Broh ~

th gftZso Ffjo n?bkfBnk frnk j?

(Gkt/I fJ; ~ ;Zuw[u gftZso Ffjo pDkT[D

bJh ni/ pVk e[M eoBk pkeh j?). eko

;/tk d/ gqpzXe ;zs pbpho f;zx ;hu/tkb

~ gzikp ;oeko tb'I oki gZXoh g[o;eko

fdsk frnk s/ gzikp gqd{FB p'ov dk

w?Ipo fB:[es ehsk frnk. nzsookFNoh

gZXo d/ fo;kb/ @NkJhw# tb'I ;zs ;hu/tkb

~ @tksktoB dk BkfJe# dk f]skp fdsk

frnk. :{ n?B U tb'I ftFth sgF s/

gqd{FB dh ;wZf;nk d/ jZb ;zpzXh ftuko

eoB bJh e'gBj?rB (v?Bwkoe) fty/

nk:'fis ehsh rJh ;z;ko d/ Xkofwe

B/sktK d/ ;zw/bB ftu ftuko g/F eoB

bJh ;zs ;hu/tkb ~ ftF/F s"o s/

p[bkfJnk frnk. gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh

gfNnkbk tb'I T[BQK ~ @vhHfbZNH# dh

nkBo/oh fvroh Bkb fBtkfink frnk j?.

gftZso t/JhI dh eko ;/tk B/ gzikp

d/ nkofEe ftek; d/ Bt/I w"e/ g?dk eo

fds/ jB. t/JhI ~ w[V b'eK dh ihtB

o/yk ti'I ;Ekfgs eo fdsk j?. j[fFnkog[o

f}bQ/ dh brGr 6000 J/eV }whB ~

;/w dh wko s'I puk fbnk frnk j? s/

;ko/ fJbke/ ftu ][Fjkbh dk okj

gZXok j' frnk j?. eg{oEb/ f}bQ/ dk

1,35,000 j?eN/no oepk gkDh d/

fvrd/ ;{ue nze s'I pu frnk j?

ns/ }whBh gkDh d/ Gzvko w[V s'I

ohukoi j'D bZr/ jB. t/JhI ezY/

pDhnK ;VeK Bkb b'eK s/ EktK d/

nkg;h ;zgoe s/ nktkikJh ftu

tkXk j'fJnk j? fi; Bkb ftek; dh

o\sko ftu j'o s/}h nk rJh j?.

gftZso t/JhI dh eko ;/tk B/ gzikp

d/ b'eK ftu tksktoB gqfs u/sBk

irkJh j?. j[D gzikp ns/ Gkos d/ d{;o/

e[dosh ib ;o'sK (rzrk s/ iwBk ;w/s)

~ gqd{FB w[es eoB bJh gftZso t/JhI

dh eko ;/tk ~ fJe o'b wkvb ti'I

fbnk ikD bZrk j?. ;w{j ;wki ;[XkoeK

B/ fJ; ~ ;Zu/-;[Zu/ Xkofwe ekoi ti'I

gotkB ehsk j?.

gftZso t/JhI dh eko ;/tk B/ fJj

;kfps eo fdsk j? fe b'eK tb'I

fJeZm/ j' e/ jzGbk wkoB Bkb

n;zGt ~ ;zGt pDkfJnk ik ;edk

j?. nk; j? fe fJ; fJfsjk;e

eko ;/tk, gftZso t/JhI dh gftZsosk

pjkb eoB dk t;hbk sK pD/rh

jh, ;r'I fJj d{;o/ Bdh-BkfbnK

dh gqd{FB w[esh bJh th fJe

wjZstg{oB ;pe ;kfps j't/rh.

(b/ye ekbh t/JhI s/ tksktoB ;zpzXh(b/ye ekbh t/JhI s/ tksktoB ;zpzXh(b/ye ekbh t/JhI s/ tksktoB ;zpzXh(b/ye ekbh t/JhI s/ tksktoB ;zpzXh(b/ye ekbh t/JhI s/ tksktoB ;zpzXh

ftF/FZr j?.)ftF/FZr j?.)ftF/FZr j?.)ftF/FZr j?.)ftF/FZr j?.)


f;Zfyne ;z;EktK #u tksktoB ;[Xko dhnK ;zGktBkf;Zfyne ;z;EktK #u tksktoB ;[Xko dhnK ;zGktBkf;Zfyne ;z;EktK #u tksktoB ;[Xko dhnK ;zGktBkf;Zfyne ;z;EktK #u tksktoB ;[Xko dhnK ;zGktBkf;Zfyne ;z;EktK #u tksktoB ;[Xko dhnK ;zGktBk

irihs f;zx wkBirihs f;zx wkBirihs f;zx wkBirihs f;zx wkBirihs f;zx wkB

rGr d;-gzdoK ;kbK s'I ;kv/

f;Zfyne ndkfonK ftu fi;

gqeko tksktoB dh ;KG-;zGkb gqfs u/sBk

tXh j?, ftF/F s"o s/ jkJh ns/ ;hBhno

;?ezvoh ;e{bK ftu, T[; ~ t/yfdnK

fdwkr T[go fJj ftuko Gko{ j' iKdk j?

fe e[dosh tksktoB ns/ nkb/-d[nkb/ ~

wB[Zy tb'I fi; soQK gqd{fFs ehsk frnk

j?, T[; ftu S/sh jh ;[Xko j't/rk.

gzikp ;oeko tb'I tksktoB d/ ;[Xko

fjZs nkgDh tuBpXsk gqrN eod/

j'J/ gkm g[;seK ftu th shih

iwks s'I fJ; ftF/ ~ bkr{ ehsk

frnk j?. tksktoB ns/ fJ; ftub/

sZsK ~ wB[Zy tb'I gj[zukJ/ ik oj/

B[e;kB gqfs ikro{e eoB d/ wzst

Bkb nzsookFNoh ns/ okFNoh gZXo

T[go ftF/F fdBK dh x'FBk ehsh

rJh j?. ftfdnkoEhnK ~ nkgD/

nkb/-d[nkb/ gqfs u/szB eoB d/

wzst Bkb e/Ido ;oeko d/ tksktoB

ns/ izrbks wzsokbk tZb'I ftF/F

\zv th fBoXkos ehs/ rJ/ jB.

fiBQK ~ oki ;oekoK dhnK

tksktofDe J/iz;hnK Bkb fwb e/

tksktoB ftu Fkfwb tZy-tZy sZsK

w;bB ib, izrb, }whB ns/ fJ;

ftu tk; eoB tkb/ iht-izs{nK dh

oZfynk ns/ ;[Xko fjZs you ehsk

iKdk j?.

go eh f;Zfyne ndkfonK ftu

tksktoB ;zpzXh ikro{esk w[ekpb/, o?bhnK

nkfd Bkb n;hI ftfdnkoEhnK ftu nkgD/

nkb/-d[nkb/ gqfs fuo ;EkJh ;wM g?dk

eo ;ed/ jK iK nkgDh gVQkJh g{oh eoB

T[gozs ftfdnkoEh nkgD/ ihtB ftu

tksktoB dh ;KG-;zGkb ns/ T[; d/

;[Xko fjZs nkgDk ftneshrs Nhuk

fwEDr/, fJj e[ZM nfij/ ;tkb jB fi;

Bkb jo ftfdnkoEh ~ nkgD/ ;w[Zu/

ihtB ftu d'-uko j'Dk gt/rk. fJ; bJh

fe nZi fi; ;EkB T[go ;kvk e[dosh

tksktoB yVQk j? iK fJT[I efj fbnk ikt/

fe fJ; ftu fBozso fBxko nk fojk j?,

T[; ~ ibdh jh o'eD ns/ s[ozs ;[XkoK

dh gqfefonk fdnkBsdkoh Bkb F[o{ eoB

dh b'V j?. sd jh n;hI nkgDhnK

nkT[D tkbhnK Gkth ghVQhnK bJh fJe

;k\-;[Eok ns/ f;jswzd e[dosh tksktoB

dh ebgBk eo ;ed/ jK. go ;G s'I

gfjbK n;hI nkgD/ ftZfdne ndkfonK

ftu tksktoB ;[Xko dhnK ;zGktBktK ~

sbkF eoB dk :sB eod/ jK.

fJE/ n;hI gqkfJwoh gZXo s'I :{Bhtof;Nh

gZXo se w"i{drh e[dosh tksktoB dh

;fEsh ~ x'yD dk :sB eoKr/. fe;/

gqkfJwoh ;e{b ftu ;t/o ;w/I ;e{b dh

;k\-;\kJh ehsh iKdh j?, e{V/ eoeN d/

o{g ftu fJeZm/ j'J/ ek|}K ns/ pB;gsh

d/ ofjzd-y{zjd ~ nZr brk e/ e{V/ s'I

fB}ks gk bJh iKdh j?. fpbe[b fJj'

fijk jh Yzr-sohek tZvhnK ftZfdne ;z;EktK

ftu nkw tofsnk iKdk j? Gkt/I fe T[E/

e{V/-eoeN ftu e[ZM tZyoh fe;w dk tkXk

}o{o j' iKdk j?. w;bB ezNhB s'I fwbD

tkb/ ykX gdkoEK dh g?fezr bJh tos/

ikD tkb/ ozr-pozr/ fb\k\/ Eow'e'b d/

gbk;fNe d/ pD/ eZg-gb/N nkfd ~ th

nZr d/ jtkb/ eo fdsk iKdk j?. fiE/

nZr bZrD s'I pknd e[M jkBhekoe

;[nkj }whB #s/ fpyo iKdh j? T[E/ pj[s

;kok }fjohbk X{znK ;kvh ekotkJh Bkb

fi; jtk okjhI n;hI nke;h}B b? oj/ jK,

ftu SZv fdsk iKdk j?.

nfijk fe;/ fJe f;Zfyne ;z;Ek

ftu BjhI ;r'I o'} ;t/o ~ j}koK ftZfdne

ndkfonK ftu tkgodk j? ns/ nfij/

ftu nkgD/ nkb/-d[nkb/ ~ rzXbk eoB

dh ekotkJh s'I fet/I pfunk ik ;edk j?.

nkU ftukohJ/ L

• f;Zfynk ndkfonK ~ Eow'e'b iKgbk;fNe T[sgkdK s'I w[es eo d/Dk

ukjhdk j?. ezNhB nkfd ftu fJ; dh

tos'I fpbe[b pzd j'Dh ukjhdh j?. fJ;

dh EK ek|} iK d[pkok tosD:'r eZg-

gb/NK dh tos'I ehsh ik ;edh j?.

gbk;fNe d/ fb\kf\nK ftu pzd ykX-

gdkoEK dh ftZeoh ftZfdne ;w{j ftu

eoBh jh BjhI ukjhdh.

• ndkfonK ftu oZdh d/ o{g ftufBebd/ ek|} ~ d[pkok tos'I ftu

fbnkT[D bJh S'N/ :{fBN jZE Bkb ek|}

tksktoBtksktoBtksktoBtksktoBtksktoB

bbbbb


fsnko eoB tkb/ ;Ekfgs eoB/ ukjhd/

jB. S'N/ ndkfonK ftu BK-wkso bkrs

T[go jZE pD/ ek|} fsnko eotk e/

pZfunK ~ fJBQK dh tos'I bJh T[sFkfjs

ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j?.

• pB;gsh ns/ G'iB dh ofjzd-y{zjd ~ ;w/ND bJh ezg';N yZv/ dh tos'I

~ ftZfdne ndkfonK ftu }o{oh ehsk

ikt/. fJ; Bkb fiE/ n;hI nZr brk e/

nkgD/ tksktoB ~ nS'gb/ fij/ gqd{fFs

eoB dk r[Bkj eod/ jK T[E/ ezg';N yZv/

okjhI rbD:'r e{Vk ;w/N e/ fJe uzrh

ykd gqkgs eo ;ed/ jK. fJ; Bkb fiE/

n;hI rzdrh s'I fB}ks gk ;ed/ jK T[E/

phwkohnK g?dk eoB tkb/ tZy-tZy ekoeK

~ th ysw eo ;ed/ jK. fJ; yZv/ dh

bkrs pj[s jh xZN j?. nfijh ;fEsh

ftu id'I n;hI nkgD/ nkb/-d[nkb/ ~

gqd{fFs eoe/ i' n;hI nkgD/ ihtB dh

ehws T[go nkgDh ekfJBks ~ d/ oj/

j[zd/ jK. i/eo fJj ;kXB ngDk bJ/

ikD sK ;kvhnK f;Zfyne ;z;EktK e{Vk-

eoeN gqpzXB dh fJe S'Nh fijh w{zj

p'bdh s;tho j't/rh. fi; okjhI ;kv/

ftfdnkoEh ;wki ~ tksktofDe ;[XkoK

dk nwbh fujok ftyk ;eDr/.

• i/ gkDh dh rZb eohJ/ sKftZfdne ndkfonK ftu tofsnk ikD

tkbk gkDh brGr jkBhekoe o;kfJDe

gdkoEK s'I w[es j[zdk j?. T[; ~ n;hI

;[uko{ Yzr Bkb fJeZmk eoe/ g"fdnK

nkfd ~ f;ziD bJh tos ;ed/ jK. i/

tZv/ ftZfdne ndko/ jB sK T[BQK ~ ;{oih

T{oik Bkb gkDh ;k\ j'D tkb/ :{fBNK

dh ;EkgBk eoBh ukjhdh j?. fiE'I se

toyk d/ gkDh ~ tosD dk ;tkb j?

;kv/ brGr ;w[Zu/ ndko/ fJ; wjZstg{oB

;tkb dk ;kjwDk eoB s'I nt/;b/ jB.

S'Nk s/ Gkt/I tZvk ndkok j't/, gkDh ;zGkb

d/ sohe/ ~ }o{oh ngDkt/ fJ; Bkb fiE/

ftfdnkoEhnK ftu gkDh dh wjZssk pko/

nwbh o{g ftu ikfrqsh nkt/rh T[E/ n;hI

nkgD/ GftZy bJh th tksktoB ;zGkb dk

iK gkDh ;zGkb d/ okFNoh ufoso dk

ftek; eoKr/. nfijk eoe/ n;hI toyk

d/ gkDh ~ ;w[Zfus o{g ftu nikJhI ikD

s'I o'e ;ed/ jK. T[E/ jo xo ~ toyk

gkDh dh ;zGkb pko/ T[sFkfjs th eo

;ed/ jK. fJj GftZy dh fJe pj[s tZvh

b'V j? fi; bJh ;kv/ f;Zfynk FkFsohnK

~ JhwkBdkoh Bkb nZr/ bZrDk gt/rk.

• T{oik pZus d/ ;zpzX ftu e/Idons/ oki ;oekoK d/ Bkb-Bkb ;wki ;/th

iZE/pzdhnK }'o-F'o Bkb ikro{esk w[fjzw

ubk ojhnK jB ns/ gzikp T{oik dh

ewh Bkb d'-uko j' fojk j?. fJ; ewh

Bkb f;ZMD ftu ;kv/ ftZfdne ndko/

okj fd;/o/ pD ;ed/ jB. ;G s'I gfjbK

nZieZbQ pj[s ;kohnK ;oekoh ns/ |?o-

;oekoh ftZfdne ndkfonK dh T[;koh j'

ojh j?. nfijk j'D dh ;{os ftu

ndkfonK dh pDso nfijh j'Dh ukjhdh

j? fi; ftu fpibh T{oik dh xZN s'I xZN

tos'I j't/. n;hI ;ko/ ikDd/ jK fe gVQkJh

bJh BthnK-BthnK seBheK Gkt Jh-

iwks iK ;wkoN iwksK j'Id ftu nk

ojhnK jB.

fJ;/ gqeko ;k~ nkgDh e[dos dh

;KG-;zGkb ns/ T[; ~ ;[Xko fjZs BthnK-

BthnK seBheK ngDkT[DhnK g?DrhnK.

jtk ns/ o"FBh dk jo ftZfdne ndko/

ftu nfijk gqpzX j'Dk ukjhdk j? sK i'

fpibh T{oik BK-wkso tosh ikt/ ns/

;w[Zu/ ndko/ ~ ;{oih T{oik Bkb uZbD

tkb/ :zsoK Bkb b?; eoBk ukjhdk j?.

nfijk eoBk tZv/ ftZfdne ndkfonK bJh

e'Jh n"yk ezw BjhI j?. tksktoB nBe{b

ftZfdne ndkfonK ftu f;Zfynk gqkgs

eoB tkb/ ftfdnkoEhnK ~ FkfJd GftZy

ftu T{oik pukT[D dk Bknok d/D dh

b'V Bk gt/ feT[Ife BftnkT[D:'r T{oik

]k; s"o s/ ;{oih T{oik dh tos'I gqfs

T[BQK ftu fdqVQsk g?dk j' ikt/rh.

nfij/ e[M S'N/-S'N/ T[gokb/ jB

fiBQK dh :'iBkpX sohe/ Bkb tos'I F[o{

ehsh ik ;edh j?. p/Fe Gkos ;oeko

d/ tksktoB wzsokbk tb'I B?FBb rohB

ekog; (n?B ih ;h) dh F[o{nks ehsh

rJh j? fi; sfjs ;e{bK ftu Jhe'

ebZpK dk rmB ehsk frnk j?. fJj

ebZp ftfdnkoEhnK ~ nkgD/ nkb/-d[nkb/

gqfs ;[u/s eoB ftu Fbkxk:'r G{fwek

fBGk oj/ jB. go j[D ;k~ ikro{esk

w[ekpfbnK s'I nZr/ ik e/ nwbh o{g ftu

nkgDhnK ;z;EktK ~ tksktoB nB[e{b

;z;Ek ftu spdhb eoBk gt/rk. fJ;

;zpzX ftu BthBsw ikDekoh tksktoB

ns/ izrbks wzsokbk iK fJ; ;zpzXh oki

dhnK tksktofDe J/iz;hnK s'I bJh ik

;edh j?.

e[Zb fwbk e/ fJj fejk ik ;edk j?

fe i/ ;kv/ f;Zfyne ndko/ e{Vk-eoeN dk

;jh fBgNkok, ib gqpzXB ns/ ;{oih

T{oik dk ;jh T[g:'r eoB sK ;EkBe

gZXo d/ tksktoB gqd{FB dh ;wZf;nk s'I

ekch jZd se fB}ks gkJh ik ;edh j?

ns/ fJ; Bkb ftfdnkoEhnK ftu nkgD/

nkb/-d[nkb/ dh ;KG-;zGkb gqfs fJe fuo

;EkJh ;wM g?dk j' ;edh j?.

(b/ye tksktoB ;zGkb ;';kfJNh Bkb ;zpzfXs

;orow ekoieosk j?.)


• uzrk ftjko S'N/-S'N/ fsnkr s'I iBw

b?Idk j?. (n?wo;B)

• ftjko frnkB dh i's Bkb nkgD/

gZE ~ o"FB eodk j?. (u?;N ochbv)

• s[;hI d{finK d/ fi; ftjko ~ uzrk

BjhI wzBd/, nkg th d{finK Bkb T[;

soQK Bk eo'. (eBfcT{Fhn;)

• ;dftjko s'I ;;sh j'o e'Jh t;s{

BjhI j?. (J/bB)


y/shpkVh s/ ykdKy/shpkVh s/ ykdKy/shpkVh s/ ykdKy/shpkVh s/ ykdKy/shpkVh s/ ykdK

gzikp ftu o;kfJDe }fjoK dk efjogzikp ftu o;kfJDe }fjoK dk efjogzikp ftu o;kfJDe }fjoK dk efjogzikp ftu o;kfJDe }fjoK dk efjogzikp ftu o;kfJDe }fjoK dk efjo

ifszdogkb f;zxifszdogkb f;zxifszdogkb f;zxifszdogkb f;zxifszdogkb f;zx

ikp dh ;'Bk T[rbdh Xosh,

f;jswzd b'e, bfjokT[Id/ jo/-

Go/ y/s ikgdk j? fe fe;/ phs/ eZbQ dh

rZb j' rJ/ jB. nZi fJ; oki dk gkDh

}fjohbk j' frnk j?, jtk, r?;K s/ X{zJ/

Bkb gbhs j' rJhnK jB. fJE'I dh

}whB, \;bK, ;p}hnK, cb s/ d[ZX nkfd

ftu o;kfJDh }fjoK dh T[`u wksok iwQK

j' u[Zeh j?. Bowk, egkj, u"b ns/ eDe

dh foekov s'V g?dktko eoe/ fdykT[D

dh d"V ftu Xosh T[go }fjohb/ o;kfJDK

dk dfonk trk fdsk frnk. o;kfJDh

ykdK, T[bhBkFeK, ehNBkFeK B/ }whB dk

eD-eD }fjoK Bkb Go fdsk j?.

o;kfJDh }fjoK d/ gqe'gh f;ZN/ ;kv/

;kjwD/ nkT[D bZr/ jB, tX oj/ e?I;o

wkwfbnK d/ o{g ftu. wkbtk y/so ftu

Bkw[okd phwkoh e?I;o Bkb i{M oj/ b'eK

dh frDsh ftu jo fdB tkXk j' fojk

j?. fJ; y/so d/ fgzvK s/ FfjoK d/ b'eK

dh fJ; phwkoh B/ BhId T[vk fdsh e/ oZy

fdsh j?. w?~ :kd j? fe id'I ed/ wkbt/

d/ pfmzvk f}fbQnK ftu'I bzxd/ ;h sK

;Ve d/ d'B'I gk;/ ehNBkFe dtkJhnK dk

fSVekn j[zdk jh fwbdk ;h. Bow/ s/

egkj d/ jo y/s ftu fe;kB ehNBkFe

dtkJhnK dk p/F[wko fSVekn eoh ik oj/

j[zd/ ;B. nzsookFNoh gZXo dhnK ;z;EktK

d/ nzeV/ th fJj' do;kT[Id/ jB fe fgSb/

20 ;kbK d"okB gzikp oki dh wkbtk

gZNh ftu ehNBkFe dtkJhnK dh fizBh

f}nkdk tos'I j'Jh j?, T[Bh ;z;ko d/ fe;/

j'o Gkr ftu BjhI j'Jh. 1960 JhH s'I

pknd gzikp d/ fe;kBK B/ gfjbK sK vh

vh Nh, fco ph n?u ;h dh tos'I s'I

pknd sK gsk jh BjhI fe fezB/ f}nkdk

ehNBkFeK dk fSVekn eo wkfonk.

fJzv';bckB, n?bvohB, eb'o'v/B, eb'o'-

gkJhohck; s/ j?gNkeb'o torhnK gsk

BjhI fezBhnK jh o;kfJDh }fjoK ~ y/sK

dhnK \;bK T[go fSVfenk ik u[Zek j?.

fJE/ eJh sK nfij/ ehNBkFeK dh tos'I

nZi th XVZb/ Bkb ikoh j? fijV/ fe

fte;s d/FK ftu gkpzdhF[dk jB.

;w[Zu/ J/Fhnk ftu'I Gkos ehNBkFe

dtkJhnK d/ T[sgkdB s/ tos'I d/ wkwb/

ftu gfjb/ Bzpo T[s/ nkT[Idk j?. ;w[Zu/

;z;ko ftu'I d/yhJ/ sK ;kvk d/F 12t/I

Bzpo T[s/ nkT[Idk j?. j[D gzikp tk;h

Gbk fet/I fgS/ ofj ;ed/< ;w[Zu/ Gkos

ftu tos/ iKd/ ehNBkFeK ftu'I seohpB

19 gqfsFs sK gzikp oki ftu jh fSVe/

ik oj/ jB. ;w[Zu/ d/F d/ e[Zb y/socb

ftu'I v/Y gqfsFs y/so ftu c?b/ fJ; oki

ftu ehNBkFe }fjoK dh fJzBh tZvh

wksok ftu tos'I eoBk pj[s fuzskiBe

ftFk pfDnk j'fJnk j?. o;kfJDh }fjoK

d/ p[o/ gqGkt pko/ d[BhnK Go ftu c?bh

ikfrqsh d/ pkti{d, gzikp ehNBkFe o;kfJDK

dh tos'I ftu jo/e ;kb 4H3 gqfsFs

tkXk j' fojk j?. fJ;/ ;G e[M dk Bshik

j? fe gzikp d/ b'eK dhnK ]{B thjDhnK

ftu d"V oj/ bj{ ftu 15 s'I tZX gqeko

d/ }fjohb/ gdkoE d"V oj/ jB. i/eo

gzgzgzgzgz;w[Zu/ ftFt Go d/ nzeV/ d/yhJ/ sK

1956 JhH ftu Gkos ftu 5600 whNoe

NB ehNBkFe dtkJhnK dk T[sgkdB

j[zdk ;h fijVk fe 2001 JhH ftu tX e/

9600 whNoe NB j' frnk. nkJh ;h

n?; nko iK fJzvhnB e¯;b nk\ w?vheb

fo;ou d/ nzeV/ do;kT[Id/ jB fe ;kv/

d/F ftub/ 56 gqfsFs ykD tkb/ gdkoE

nfij/ jB fijV/ ehNBkFe gdkoEK s/

j'oBK o;kfJDh }fjoK Bkb gqd{fFs j'

u[Ze/ jB. fJBQK ftu'I 20 gqfsFs gdkoE

nfij/ jB fiBQK ftu BdhBBkFe dtkJhnk

iK g?;Nh;kJhv} dh wksok ]so/ d/ gZXo

s'I th fes/ f}nkdk j?.

Bow/ s/ egkj dh \;b d/ T[sgkdB

ftu gzikp dk wkbtk y/so fgSb/ gzikj

;kbK d"okB d[BhnK d/ BeF/ T[go T[Gfonk

fojk j?. fJ; \;b dk tZX s'I tZX MkV

b?D dh d"V ftu fJE/ ehV/wko s/ BdhBBkFe

dtkJhnK dh p/F[wko tos'I ehsh rJh.

fi; dk Bshik fJj j'fJnk fe fJE'I dh

}whB ns/ fJ; j/mb/ gkDh ftu }fjohb/

o;kfJDh sZsK dh wksok pj[s f}nkdk

tX rJh. i/ fgSb/ ;ot/yDK d/ nzeV/

d/yhJ/ sK gsk bZrdk j? fe g{o/ gzikp

ftu Bow/ s/ egkj nXhB oepk f;o\ 6

gqfsFs j?. fJ; E'VQ/ fij/ y/so ftu

;w[Zu/ oki ftubh BdhBBkFeK dh e[Zb

ygs ftu'I 35 gqfsFs BdhBkFe tos/

iKd/ oj/ jB. fJ; dk Bshik ;kv/

;kjwD/ j? fe fe;/ ;w/I d[BhnK d/ BeF/

T[go @Bowk gZNh# ti'I T[Go e/ BkwDk


yZND tkbk fJj wkbtk y/so nZi @e?I;o

gZNh# ti'I nkgDh dod Goh dk;skB

fpnkB eo fojk j?.

gzikp d/ wkbtk y/so ftub/ pfmzvk,

wkB;k, cohde'N, w[es;o ns/ ;zro{o

f}bQ/ sK g{oh soQK e?I;o dh wko j/mK nk

u[Ze/ jB. i/ fJBQK f}fbQnK ftub/ e?I;o

wkwfbnK d/ foekov d/yhJ/ sK gsk brdk

j? fe ;G s'I tZX e?I;o wkwb/ pfmzvk s/

wkB;k f}fbQnK ftu'I jh jB. fJBQK d'

f}fbQnK d/ fgzv e;p/ s/ Ffjo d/ j;gskbK

ftub/ tkovK ftu e?I;o o'rhnK d/ nzeV/

pj[s fdb fjbk d/D tkb/ jB. fJBQK

woh}K ftu e/tb pkbr T[wo d/ wod

s/ n"osK jh BjhI ;r'I S'Nh T[wo d/ pZu/

th Fkfwb jB. e?I;o BK dh xkse

phwkoh sK Gkt/I wB[Zyh ;oho d/ fe;/ th

nzr ~ gqGkfts eo ;edh j?. wkbtk

y/so dk w"i{dk ;ot/yD do;kT[Idk j? fe

fJBQK e?I;o o'rhnK ftu'I pj[s/ o'rh w{zj,

rb/, G'iB Bbh, firo, nKsVhnK, c/cV/,

pZukdkBh, fdwkr, bj{ s/ jZvhnK d/ e?I;o

s'I gqGkfts jB. i/ wodK s/ n"osK d/

nzeV/ tZyo/ eo e/ d/yhJ/ sK n"osK ftu

Sksh ns/ pZukdkBh d/ e?I;o wkwb/ f}nkdk

jB. fJ; d/ Bkb jh wodK ftu rb/

ns/ nKsVhnK d/ e?I;o wkwb/ tX/o/ doi

j' oj/ jB.

gzikp d/ y/sh wkfjoK, e?I;o o'r

T[go y'i eo oj/ ftfrnkBhnK ns/

vkeNoK bJh d' nfjw ;tkb ;kjwD/

yVQ/ jB. gfjbk sK fJj fe gzikp d/

wkbtk y/so ftu tX oj/ e?I;o wkwfbnK

fgZS/ fejVk o;kfJDh gqd{FB ekoe S[fgnk

j?. d{;ok fJj fe fJ; y/so ftu c?b/

fJ; efjo ~ fet/I BZE gkJh ikt/. fJ;

rZb pko/ wkfjoK dh fJe nkw ;fjwsh

j? fe fJ; y/so d/ }whBh gkDh ftu

o;kfJDh sZsK dh wksok tXD ekoB

e?I;o dk efjo c?fbnk j?. ;?INob rokT{Iv

tkNo p'ov tb'I eotkJ/ fJe ;ot/yD s'I

pknd fJ; rZb dh g[FNh j' rJh j? fe

gzikp d/ wkbtk y/so d/ gkDh ftu

nko;?fBe, :{o/Bhnw ns/ cb'okJhv tor/

}fjoh sZsK dh wksok pj[s tX u[Zeh j?.

fJ; s'I gfjbK th iowBh dh fJe gqf;ZX

gq:'rFkbk d/ ftfrnkBhnK B/ fJj sZE

T[ikro ehsk ;h fe gzikp dh wkbtk gZNh

ftu :{o/Bhnw tor/ xkse sZsK dh fJe

T[u wksok iwQk j' u[Zeh j?. iwoBh d/

ftfrnkBhnK B/ wkbt/ d/ f}fbQnK ftu

t;s/ 149 pZfunK dh iKu eoB s'I

pknd fJj y[bk;k ehsk ;h fe fJE'I dh

}whB j/mb/ gkDh ftu :{o/Bhnw sZs fJe

]soBke gZXo se tX u[Zfenk j?. w?~

pV/ d[Zy Bkb efjDk g? fojk j? fe @gzikp

ftub/ gkDhnK ftu :{o/Bhnw dh w"i{drh#

dk w;bk nzsookFNoh gZXo T[s/ gzj[u

frnk j? go Gkos s/ gzikp d/ ftfrnkBh

fJ; rZb T[go }'o brk oj/ jB fe fJE/

:{o/Bhnw j? jh BjhI iK fco T[j fJ;

rZb T[go }'o brk oj/ jB fe fJj

:{o/Bhnw e?I;o bJh f}zw/tko BjhI. gsk

BjhI nfijhnK dbhbK s/ y'i ekBcoz;K

dh pfj; ftu'I eh eZYDk j?<

ffffftFt gqf;ZX n\oheB ftfrnkBhtFt gqf;ZX n\oheB ftfrnkBhtFt gqf;ZX n\oheB ftfrnkBhtFt gqf;ZX n\oheB ftfrnkBhtFt gqf;ZX n\oheB ftfrnkBh

vkeNo e?foB ;fwZE ns/ iowBvkeNo e?foB ;fwZE ns/ iowBvkeNo e?foB ;fwZE ns/ iowBvkeNo e?foB ;fwZE ns/ iowBvkeNo e?foB ;fwZE ns/ iowB

d/ ftfrnkBh vkH feq;N'\o p;phd/ ftfrnkBh vkH feq;N'\o p;phd/ ftfrnkBh vkH feq;N'\o p;phd/ ftfrnkBh vkH feq;N'\o p;phd/ ftfrnkBh vkH feq;N'\o p;ph

s/ vkH n?b/B'o pbko"e B/ Gkoss/ vkH n?b/B'o pbko"e B/ Gkoss/ vkH n?b/B'o pbko"e B/ Gkoss/ vkH n?b/B'o pbko"e B/ Gkoss/ vkH n?b/B'o pbko"e B/ Gkos

s/ gzikp ;oeko ~ sk}k g/FeFs/ gzikp ;oeko ~ sk}k g/FeFs/ gzikp ;oeko ~ sk}k g/FeFs/ gzikp ;oeko ~ sk}k g/FeFs/ gzikp ;oeko ~ sk}k g/FeF

ehsh j?. fJBQK ftfrnkBhnK ~ehsh j?. fJBQK ftfrnkBhnK ~ehsh j?. fJBQK ftfrnkBhnK ~ehsh j?. fJBQK ftfrnkBhnK ~ehsh j?. fJBQK ftfrnkBhnK ~

gfjbedwh eod/ j'J/ fejk j?gfjbedwh eod/ j'J/ fejk j?gfjbedwh eod/ j'J/ fejk j?gfjbedwh eod/ j'J/ fejk j?gfjbedwh eod/ j'J/ fejk j?

fe T[j gzikp ;w/s g{o/ Gkosfe T[j gzikp ;w/s g{o/ Gkosfe T[j gzikp ;w/s g{o/ Gkosfe T[j gzikp ;w/s g{o/ Gkosfe T[j gzikp ;w/s g{o/ Gkos

ftu tX oj/ :{o/Bhnw d/ gZXoftu tX oj/ :{o/Bhnw d/ gZXoftu tX oj/ :{o/Bhnw d/ gZXoftu tX oj/ :{o/Bhnw d/ gZXoftu tX oj/ :{o/Bhnw d/ gZXo

dk ekoB gsk brkT[Dr/. T[BQKdk ekoB gsk brkT[Dr/. T[BQKdk ekoB gsk brkT[Dr/. T[BQKdk ekoB gsk brkT[Dr/. T[BQKdk ekoB gsk brkT[Dr/. T[BQK

dh y'i Nhw fJ; y/so ftudh y'i Nhw fJ; y/so ftudh y'i Nhw fJ; y/so ftudh y'i Nhw fJ; y/so ftudh y'i Nhw fJ; y/so ftu

w"i{dk Eowb gbKNK, ck;c/Nw"i{dk Eowb gbKNK, ck;c/Nw"i{dk Eowb gbKNK, ck;c/Nw"i{dk Eowb gbKNK, ck;c/Nw"i{dk Eowb gbKNK, ck;c/N

ykdK dh tos'I ns/ n\rkfB;skBykdK dh tos'I ns/ n\rkfB;skBykdK dh tos'I ns/ n\rkfB;skBykdK dh tos'I ns/ n\rkfB;skBykdK dh tos'I ns/ n\rkfB;skB

ftu tos/ rJ/ jfEnkoK nkfdftu tos/ rJ/ jfEnkoK nkfdftu tos/ rJ/ jfEnkoK nkfdftu tos/ rJ/ jfEnkoK nkfdftu tos/ rJ/ jfEnkoK nkfd

fij/ ;ko/ gZyK ~ rfjokJh Bkbfij/ ;ko/ gZyK ~ rfjokJh Bkbfij/ ;ko/ gZyK ~ rfjokJh Bkbfij/ ;ko/ gZyK ~ rfjokJh Bkbfij/ ;ko/ gZyK ~ rfjokJh Bkb

x'yDr/.x'yDr/.x'yDr/.x'yDr/.x'yDr/.

wkbtk gZNh ftu c?fbnk e?I;o o'r

;w[Zu/ ftFt bJh fJe u[B"sh pD frnk

j?. fe;/ fJe y/so ftu woh}K dh fJzBh

tZvh frDsh ~ d/y e/ pkjo'I nkJ/ frfrnkBh

s/ vkeNo w{zj ftu T[IrbK gk e/ ;'uhI g?

iKd/ jB. gh ih nkJh uzvhrVQ d/ o/

vhUEo?gh ftGkr d/ w[yh gq'\?;o vkH ph

vh r[gsk d/ nB[;ko wkbtk y/so ftu

e?I;o o'rhnK dh frDsh fJe bZy nkpkdh

fgZS/ 180 s'I th tZX j?. id fe ;w[Zu/

Gkos ftu J/jh nB[gks fJe bZy nkpkdh

fgZS/ 125 j?. e'Jh j'o e?I;o wkfjoK dk

sK fJj wzBDk j? fe e?I;o d/ woh}K ftu'I

50 gqfsFs woh} sK fJeZb/ wkbtk y/so

ftu jh jB.

o;kfJDh }fjoK dh tos'I ekoB

f;o\ e?I;o o'r jh BjhI ;r'I g/N dhnK

phwkohnK, nZyK d/ o'r, uwVh o'r, n?boih,

fBg[z;esk ns/ wzdp[ZXh pZfunK dk iBw

nkfd fij/ d[ogqGkt th c?b oj/ jB. gh

ih nkJh uzvhrVQ d/ fJe ;ot/yD ftu

gsk bZfrnk j? fe gzikp dh wB[Zyh

nkpkdh d/ bj{ ftu ehNBkFe s/ BdhBBkFe

gdkoEK dh w"i{drh fJe ]soBke s/

BdhBkFe gdkoEK dh w"i{drh fJe ]soBke

gZXo s'I tX u[Zeh j?. seohpB 15 fe;wK

d/ }fjohb/ eD gzikph b'eK d/ bj{ ftu

fwb u[Ze/ jB. nzfwqs ;wkB wzfBnk ikD

tkbk wK dk d[ZX th o;kfJDh }fjoK Bb

}fjohbk j' frnk j?. id'I ;kv/ ykX

gdkoE jh o;kfJDe }fjoK Bkb gbhs

j' u[Ze/ jB sK ;kv/ ;oho d/ jo Gkr

ukj/ T[j ]{B, uoph ns/ ukj/ wK dk d[ZX

jh feT[I Bk j't/, ftu th fJj }fjoK dk

ou ikDk ;[Gkfte jh j?.

gzikp oki :'iBkpzdh p'ov dh fJe

fog'oN ftu dZf;nk frnk j? fe o;kfJDK

Bkb gqd{fFs j'fJnk gkDh ghD Bkb

r?;No'n?INrJhN;, j?g/NkJhN;, i'VK dk

dod, uwVh o'r, ;kj-dwk torhnK



frnkB-ftfrnkBfrnkB-ftfrnkBfrnkB-ftfrnkBfrnkB-ftfrnkBfrnkB-ftfrnkB

gdkoE, gqekF ns/ pqfjwzv dh n;bhns L fBT{NqhB' eDgdkoE, gqekF ns/ pqfjwzv dh n;bhns L fBT{NqhB' eDgdkoE, gqekF ns/ pqfjwzv dh n;bhns L fBT{NqhB' eDgdkoE, gqekF ns/ pqfjwzv dh n;bhns L fBT{NqhB' eDgdkoE, gqekF ns/ pqfjwzv dh n;bhns L fBT{NqhB' eD

;spho f;zx;spho f;zx;spho f;zx;spho f;zx;spho f;zx

T{NqhB' eD gdkoE dh fJe

pj[s jh S'Nh fJekJh j?.

fBT{NqhB' s'I wsbp wkd/ dk pj[s S'Nk

go fpibJh s"o s/ T[dk;hBsk tkbk

eD. T[dk;hB j'D d/ pkti{d fJj eD

w"fbe o{g ftu xZN gqGktFhb T[g gqwkD{

eD j?. ftfrnkBe gqwkfDesk nB[;ko

fJ; eD dk g[zi sK j[zdk j? go fJj g[zi

gqwkD{ eDK d/ g[zi s'I th pj[s f}nkdk

xZN j?. fJ; dk g[zi ed/ th do[;s s"o

s/ wkfgnk BjhI ik ;edk. fBT{NqhB'

fpibJh s"o s/ ukoi (foD iK XB) ~ b?

e/ BjhI uZb ;ed/. fJjh ekoB j? fe

fJj eD fpib-u[zpeh pbK d/ gqGkt s'I

w[es j?. fJj f;o\ ew}'o T[g-gqwkD{

pbK Bkb jh gqGkts j[zdk j?. fJBQK pbK

dh wksok fpib-u[zpeh pbK ns/ ro{sth

pbK s'I pj[s xZN j[zdh j?. fJ;/ eoe/

fJj eD ;kXkoB gdkoE ftu'I fpBK fe;/

o[ektN d/ r[}o iKd/ jB.

fBT{NqhB' eDK dk iBw o/vhU n?efNt

gdkoEK d/ gsB s'I j[zdk j?. iK fco fJj

fBT{ebhno feqnktK s'I pDd/ jB. T[dkjoD

ti'I, ;kv/ ;{oi ftu fBT{ebh ;z:'iB

feqnk j[zdh j? fi; ftu jkJhvo'iB d/

gqwkD{ jhbhnw gqwkD{nK ftu spdhb

j[zd/ jB. fJj feqnk fBT{NqhB' eDK d/

pDB dk ekoB pDdh j?. fJ; s'I

fJbktk, gqwkD{ GZmhnK ns/ ek;fwe feoBK

(gqwkD{nK Bkb NeokT[D) nkfd th fJBQK

eDK ~ gqrN eod/ jB.

fBT{NqhB' eD fszB fe;wK d/ j[zd/

jB. fJBQK ftu fJb?eNq'B fBT{NqhB', fwT{B

fBT{NqhB' ns/ NkU fBT{NqhB' w[Zy jB. jo

fJe fe;w dk fJe @eD fto'Xh# o{g th

j[zdk j?. fi; ~ fBT{NqhB' fto'Xh eD th

efjzd/ jB. fJ; fto'Xh o{g ftu th

fpibJh s"o s/ T[dk;hBsk j[zdh j?. go

ftfrnkBe s"o s/ fBT{NqhB' eD ns/ fJ;

d/ fto'Xh eD dh ;wo{gsk dk w;bk ni/

jZb BjhI j' ;fenk. ;{oi ftu j'D

tkbhnK fBT{ebhno feqnktK s'I fBT{NqhB'

eD T[gid/ jB ns/ fJj g{o/ pqfjwzv

ftu fyZbo iKd/ jB. Xosh d/ gZE ftu'I

r[}o iKd/ jB. fJe ;fezN ftu brGr

6 nop 50 eo'V fBT{NqhB' eD Xosh dh

fJe tor ;?INhwhNo irj ftu'I r[}od/

jB. e[dos ftu jo gb e[ZM BtK j'

fojk j?. wB[Zy dh ifrnk;k ;dhnK s'I

jh e[ZM BtK bZGD dh s[oh j'Jh j?.

fBT{NqhB' eDK dh y'i ;zpzXh ;thvB ftu

ns/ fJNbh ftu tZv/ gZXo #s/ ftfrnkBe

gq:'r uZb oj/ jB. fBT{NqhB' eDK dh

y'i ;zpzXh fJe Mks wkod/ jK.

i/w} u?vfte B/ 1932 ftu fJe

gqwkD{ eD fBT{NqkB dh y'i ehsh ;h. ;G

s'I gfjbK ftfrnkBe n?Bohe' cowh B/

@phNk gsB# dk f;XKs do;kfJnk. phNk

gsB ftu'I fBebD tkb/ eD dk Bkw th

fBT{NqkB ofynk frnk. go fJj d't/I fJe'

Bkw tkb/ eD pj[s GzpbG{;/ g?dk eo

oj/ ;B. fJ; dk jZb eoB bJh cowh

B/ 1933 ftu fJ; eD dk Bkw fBT{NqhB'

oZy fdsk. cowh B/ fBT{NqhB' dh y'i

;zpzXh ek\h ezw ehsk go T[; d/ y'i

ekoiK ~ nwohek d/ gqf;ZX y'i gZso

B/uo B/ SkgD s'I fJBeko eo fdsk.

ekoB fJj fdsk fe T[; dk y'i ekoi

n;bhns s'I goQ/ j?. n]ho ftu cowh

dk fJjh y'i ekoi fJNbh d/ fJe y'i

gZso ftu gqekfFs j'fJnk. 1942 ftu

tKr r?Iu?Ir B/ fBT{NqhB' ~ gq:'r d/ s"o

s/ bZGD bJh phNk gsB d/ f;XKs ~

nwb ftu fbnKdk. cowh d/ Bkb-Bkb

tkbcr?Ir gkbh B/ 1930 ftu jh fBT{NqhB'

eD dh y'i gVskb ;zpzXh phNk gsB dk

;[Mkn d/ fdsk ;h. @@fJj gsB n;b

ftu gqwkD{ eDK dh f}zdrh pko/ nB[wkB

fdzdk j?. fe;/ gqwkD{ eD dh n;b

f}zdrh fezBh j[zdh j? ns/ T[; dk gsB

fet/I j[zdk j?.## fJj phNk gsB T{oik,

nkt/r ns/ gqwkD{ eD d/ e'Dkth x[wkn

~ ;[oZfyns oZydk j?.

1956 ftu ;kfJz; iBob ftu fBT{NqhB'

dh y'i gVskb ~ gqwkfDs eofdnK

ftfrnkBhnK e'tB, ohB} ns/ j?oh;B

nkfd dk y'i ekoi gqekfFs j'fJnk.

ukbh ;kbK pknd 1995 ftu fJBQK

ftfrnkBeK ~ fBT{NqhB' dh gqwkfDs y'i

eoB pdb/ B'pb fJBkw d/ e/ ;BwkfBnk

frnk. fJ; gq:'r ftu fJe gqwkD{ fon?eNo

ftu fBT{NqhB' fto'Xh eD g?dk ehs/ rJ/.

phNk gsB dh ;jkfJsk Bkb fBT{NqkB

ns/ gk}hNqkB eD g?dk j"J/. r?wK feoBK

d/ T[s;oiB B/ fBT{NqhB' eDK dh w"i{drh

~ do;kfJnk.

fBfBfBfBfB


@@gk}hNqkB ns/ fBT{NqhB' eDK@@gk}hNqkB ns/ fBT{NqhB' eDK@@gk}hNqkB ns/ fBT{NqhB' eDK@@gk}hNqkB ns/ fBT{NqhB' eDK@@gk}hNqkB ns/ fBT{NqhB' eDK

dk Neokn fBT{NqhB' fto'X eDKdk Neokn fBT{NqhB' fto'X eDKdk Neokn fBT{NqhB' fto'X eDKdk Neokn fBT{NqhB' fto'X eDKdk Neokn fBT{NqhB' fto'X eDK

dh T[sgsh dk ojZ; y'bQdkdh T[sgsh dk ojZ; y'bQdkdh T[sgsh dk ojZ; y'bQdkdh T[sgsh dk ojZ; y'bQdkdh T[sgsh dk ojZ; y'bQdk

j?.## F[o{ ftu ftfrnkBeK tb'Ij?.## F[o{ ftu ftfrnkBeK tb'Ij?.## F[o{ ftu ftfrnkBeK tb'Ij?.## F[o{ ftu ftfrnkBeK tb'Ij?.## F[o{ ftu ftfrnkBeK tb'I

gq:'rh s"o s/ fJjh dZf;nkgq:'rh s"o s/ fJjh dZf;nkgq:'rh s"o s/ fJjh dZf;nkgq:'rh s"o s/ fJjh dZf;nkgq:'rh s"o s/ fJjh dZf;nk

frnk fe fBT{NqhB' eDK dk g[zifrnk fe fBT{NqhB' eDK dk g[zifrnk fe fBT{NqhB' eDK dk g[zifrnk fe fBT{NqhB' eDK dk g[zifrnk fe fBT{NqhB' eDK dk g[zi

BjhI j[ zdk. go pknd ftuBjhI j[ zdk. go pknd ftuBjhI j[ zdk. go pknd ftuBjhI j[ zdk. go pknd ftuBjhI j[ zdk. go pknd ftu

gsk bZrk fe fJj fszB fe;wKgsk bZrk fe fJj fszB fe;wKgsk bZrk fe fJj fszB fe;wKgsk bZrk fe fJj fszB fe;wKgsk bZrk fe fJj fszB fe;wK

d/ j[zd/ jBl fBT{NqhB' eD n;fEod/ j[zd/ jBl fBT{NqhB' eD n;fEod/ j[zd/ jBl fBT{NqhB' eD n;fEod/ j[zd/ jBl fBT{NqhB' eD n;fEod/ j[zd/ jBl fBT{NqhB' eD n;fEo

ns/ g[zidko gqwkD{ eD. fBT{NqhB'ns/ g[zidko gqwkD{ eD. fBT{NqhB'ns/ g[zidko gqwkD{ eD. fBT{NqhB'ns/ g[zidko gqwkD{ eD. fBT{NqhB'ns/ g[zidko gqwkD{ eD. fBT{NqhB'

eDK d/ g[zidko j'D s'I fJj theDK d/ g[zidko j'D s'I fJj theDK d/ g[zidko j'D s'I fJj theDK d/ g[zidko j'D s'I fJj theDK d/ g[zidko j'D s'I fJj th

gsk bZrk j? fe fJj eDgsk bZrk j? fe fJj eDgsk bZrk j? fe fJj eDgsk bZrk j? fe fJj eDgsk bZrk j? fe fJj eD

gqekF dh rsh s'I xZN t/rgqekF dh rsh s'I xZN t/rgqekF dh rsh s'I xZN t/rgqekF dh rsh s'I xZN t/rgqekF dh rsh s'I xZN t/r

Bkb uZbd/ jB. i/ fJj eDBkb uZbd/ jB. i/ fJj eDBkb uZbd/ jB. i/ fJj eDBkb uZbd/ jB. i/ fJj eDBkb uZbd/ jB. i/ fJj eD

c'NkBK tKr g[zijhD j' ikD sKc'NkBK tKr g[zijhD j' ikD sKc'NkBK tKr g[zijhD j' ikD sKc'NkBK tKr g[zijhD j' ikD sKc'NkBK tKr g[zijhD j' ikD sK

fJj gqekF dh rsh d/ pokpofJj gqekF dh rsh d/ pokpofJj gqekF dh rsh d/ pokpofJj gqekF dh rsh d/ pokpofJj gqekF dh rsh d/ pokpo

uZb ;eDr/.uZb ;eDr/.uZb ;eDr/.uZb ;eDr/.uZb ;eDr/.

;G s'I gfjbK 1980 ftu fBT{NqhB'

eDK dh rsh ~ wkgD bJh gq:'r ehsk

frnk. fJ; gq:'r ftu fJe fvN?eNo

ftu gb;v gq'NkBK ~ Nkor?N Bkb

NeokfJnk frnk. fJe ;wK co/w ftu

fJ; rsh ~ wkfgnk frnk.

nkX[fBe seBheK Bkb b?; gq:'r-

FkbktK ftu ehs/ gq:'rK okjhI gsk uZfbnk

j? fe }?v p';k eDK dk gsB th eJh

fe;wK d/ fBT{NqhB' eDK ~ g?dk eodk

j?. fJBQK gq:'rK okjhI nfij/ eDK dh

rsh, ;wK ns/ g[zi pko/ gsk brkfJnk

frnk j?. }?v-p';kB eDK dk gsB fe;/

th gqekFh fBT{NqhB' eD d/ o{g ftu j'

;edk j?. go nfij/ eDK dk ;wK-uZeo

(bkJhc) pj[s jh xZN j[zdk j?. fJe u"E/

gqeko d/ fBT{NqhB' eD dk gsk sK bZfrnk

j? go ftfrnkBe s"o s/ fJ; dh ni/

g[FNh BjhI j' ;eh. }?v-p';kB d/ ;wK

ekb Bkb ;zpzfXs wkg sK fJj gqrN

eodk j? fe e[Zb fszB gqeko d/ fBT{NqhB'

eD jh w"i{d jB, g{o/ pqfjwzv ftu. go

e[ZM ftfrnkBe gq:'rFkbktK B/ u"E/ gqeko

d/ fBT{NqhB' eD dh j'Id fwbD pko/ gsk

brkfJnk j?. bkU-b?Ir/tB y'i ekoi

;z;EkB ftu fJe sk}h y'i w[skpe u"E/

gqeko d/ fBT{NqhB' eD pko/ gsk bZrk j?.

fJb?eNqkB ;g?eNok okjhI fJeZm/ ehs/ v?Nk

~ uzrh soQK x'yD T[gozs ;NhokJhb

fBT{NqhB' eD dh j'Id pko/ gsk bZrk j?.

fJ; s'I fJbktk, ftbeB;B ;{ywsozr gq'p

B/ th u"E/ gqeko d/ fBT{NqhB' pko/ dZf;nk

j?.

pqfjwzv ftu ubfdnK fBT{NqhB' eD,

fJb?eNqkB, fwT{nkB ns/ NkU Bkwe fszB

gqeko d/ fwFoDK ftu ftuod/ jB. i/

g[bkV d/ fJe fjZ;/ ftu fJb?eNqkB fBT{NqhB'

uZb oj/ jB sK nrbh ;fEsh ftu fJj

fwT{nkB ns/ NkU fBT{NqhB' eD pD

ikDr/. ;{oih fBT{NqhB' eDK d/ nfijhnK

fszB fe;wK ftu ftuoB ~ e[nKNw

:Ksfoe gqGkt fejk iKdk j?. fBT{NqhB'

eDK d/ fJe o{g s'I d{i/ o{g ftu o{gKsoB

T[BQK d/ tor g[ziK d/ pokpo j[zdk j?.

fJj nzso g[bkV ftu fe;/ fJe ;w/I

T[go jh wkfgnk ik ;edk j?.

fJNbh d/ G"fse ftfrnkBh JhN'o

w/i'oktk w[skpe fBT{NqhB' eD ns/ n?INh

fBT{NqhB' eD brGr fJe' soQK d/ eD

jB. fBT{NqhB' eDK ~ n?INh-fBT{NhqB' ftu

spdhb ehsk ik ;edk j?. fJj sK jh

;zGt j? i/ fJ; eD dh x[wkn ;fEsh

(e'Dkth x[wkn) ~ E'VQk fijk pdb fdsk

ikt/. x[wkn ftu pdbkn f;ZX eodk j?

fe fBT{NhqB' ns/ n?INh fBT{NhqB' eDK dk

g[zi }o{o j[zdk j?. fJ; eoe/ fJj gqekF

dh rsh s'I xZN t/r Bkb uZbd/ jB.

fBT{NhqB' eDK d/ x[wkn ~ tZy-tZy

;wK co/wK ftu oZy e/ d/fynk ik ;edk

j?. go fJ; bJh }o{oh j? fe fJj ;wK

co/w T[; eD s'I s/} o\sko Bkb ubd/

j'D. wsbp fJj fe fBT{NhqB' eDK dh

x[wkn T[d'I T[ikro j[zdh j?, id'I fJj

;wK co/w, eDK dh rsh s'I xZN rsh

Bkb uZbD. fJ; jkbs ftu n?INh fBT{NhqB'

eD dh x[wkn, ;wK co/w dh rsh Bkb'I

xZN j' ikt/rh. x[wkn dk fJj nzso

f;ZX eodk j/ fe fBT{NhqB' eD }ho' g[zi

tkb/ BjhI j' ;ed/.

i[bkJh 2013 ;thvB fty/ j'Jh :{ogh

G"fse ;[;kfJNh dh fJe ekB\oz; ftu

fBT{NhqB' eDK dh n;fEosk pko/ ukBD

gkfJnk frnk j?. fJ; s'I gfjbK, ;zB

2007 ftu whB'; fvN?eNo okjhI th fJBQK

eDK dh nfXesw rsh pko/ ekch e[ZM

gsk bZrk ;h. fJ; gq:'r okjhI 3 ih Jh

th (rhrk fJb?eNqkB t'bN) fBT{NqhB' eDK

dh rsh dh ;gZFNsk dh ;hwk gqekF dh

rsh dk 1H00005tK ns/ 0H99997tK

fjZ;k ;h, pko/ ;kfps j' frnk. nfijk

jh fJe fBohyD tZv/ gZXo #s/ fBT{NqhB'

eDK ~ Xosh tZb G/iD tkb/ fJe

;[goB'tk 1987 J/ okjhI ehsk frnk. 10

w?rk fJb?eNqkB t'bN tkbk fBT{NhqB' fto'Xh

eD bZfGnk frnk. fi; ;wK co/w ftu

fJj fBT{NhqB' eD fvN?eN ehsk frnk,

T[; co/w dh rsh gqekF dh rsh d/

pokpo ;h. n;b ftu fBT{NhqB' eDK dh

rsh s'I fJBQK d/ g[zi pko/ gsk BjhI bZr

;edk.

;szpo 2011 ftu Ug/ok gq:'rh ;zx

tb'I gVskb ehshnK frDshnK d[nkok

gsk uZfbnk j? fe 17 rhrk ns/ 28

rhrk fJb?eNqkB t'bN tkb/ fBT{NhqB' eDK

dh rsh gqekF dh rsh ~ gko eo rJh

j?. ftFt gZXo #s/ fJ; rZb dk pj[s

tZv/ gZXo #s/ ftFb/FD th j'fJnk fe e'Jh

th uh} gqekF dh rsh ~ gko BjhI eo

;edh, go nfijk fet/I j'fJnk< Ug/ok

ftfrnkBe ;zx B/ fJj gq:'r fJe tko

fco s'I ek\h pdbkn eoe/ ehsk. go

fco th fBT{NhqB' eDK dh rsh gqekF dh

rsh s'I s/} fBebh. i/ wzB fbnk ikt/

fe fBT{NhqB' eDK dh rsh c'NkB eDK s'I


f}nkdk j? sK fJBQK #s/ nkJhB;NkJhB dk

;g/ysk dk f;XKs (Jh=n?w ;h22222) bkr{BjhI j' ;e/rk. fJj fJe ngtkd jh j'

;edk j? i' fe ni/ se fttjkoe BjhI.

2012 ftu ;h Jh nko n?B B/

n?bkB ehsk fe fBT{NhqB' eDK dh n;b

rsh gqekF dh rsh d/ B/V/-s/V/ j?, go

fJj T[; s'I tZX BjhI j?. T[BQK nB[;ko

Ug/ok tb'I gVskb ehs/ ehs/ rJ/ Bshi/

B[e;dko th j' ;ed/ jB. gq:'r ftu

tos/ ikD tkb/ gqekFh o/F/ ns/ gqwkD{

;wK xVhnK nkfd ftu e'Jh yokph th j'

;edh j?.

fJ; s'I gfjbK, 2009 ftu rb?e;hnK

d/ M[owNK ftu'I nkT[D tkb/ fBT{NhqB' eDK

dk g[zi 1H5 fJb?eNqkB t'bN d/ eohp

wkfgnk frnk. n;b ftu, fBT{NhqB' eDK

dk g[zi 0H2 fJb?eNqkB t'bN s'I b? e/ 2

fJb?eNqkB t'bN se j' ;edk j?. 2015

se fJj gq:'r d/ s"o s/ f;ZX j'D dh

;zGktBk j?. skok ;{yw sozr o/vhJ/FB

fgS'eV, rb?e;hnK dk fBohyD fJjh f;ZX

eodk j? fe fszB'I fBT{NhqB' eDK dk e[Zb

g[zi 0H3 fJb?eNqkB t'bN s'I th xZN j?.

eD G"fse ftfrnkB dk ;N?Ivov

wkvb fBT{NhqB' eDK ~ g[zijhD wzBdk j?.

ftfrnkBe soeK dk tyo/tK tZy-tZy gq:'rK

d/ BshfinK T[go fBoGo eodk j?.

fjZr} p';kB eD dh n;bhns fJj

fBT{NhqB' eD jh jB. skok ftfrnkB

Bkb ;zpzfXs fpr p?Ir fET{oh dh fJj

XkoBk j? fe fBT{NhqB' ns/ c'NkB eDK dh

fJe ;fEo nB[gks j?. i/ fszB' gqeko d/

fBT{NhqB' eDK dh e[Zb T{oik dk wZXwkB

50 fJb?eNqkB t'bN j? sK pqfjwzv ftu

g[zi fJzBk f}nkdk j' ikt/rk fe ;kok wkdk

nkg; ftu Neok e/ BFN j' ikt/rk.

phNk y?n (gsB y?n)phNk y?n (gsB y?n)phNk y?n (gsB y?n)phNk y?n (gsB y?n)phNk y?n (gsB y?n)

fBT{NhqB' eDK d/ ;jh g[zi ~ wkgD

bJh ftfrnkBe nbZr-nbZr soQK d/

gq:'r eo oj/ jB. fJBQK gq:'rK ftu

gqwkD{ phNk gsB ns/ fBT{NhqB'-jhD d[ZrD/

phNk (n?B Jh n?w U-3) gsB okjhI

fBT{NhqB' dk ;jh g[zi bZGD d/ Yzr bZG/

ik oj/ jB.

wJh 2010 ftu Ug/ok d/ ftfrnkBeK

~ fwT{nkB fBT{NhqB' eDK dh feoB ftu

NkU fBT{NhqB' eDK dh w"i{drh dk th

gsk uZfbnk j?. fJ; s'I gsk uZbdk j?

fe fBT{NhqB' eDK dk g[zi j?. i[bkJh

2010 ftu fJe d[o/vh rb?e;h w?rk }?v

vh nko 7 dk fszB x/okth ;ot/yD ehsk

frnk sK gsk uZfbnk fe fszB'I gqeko d/

fBT{NhqB' eDK dk e[Zb g[zi 0H28 fJb?eNqkB

t'bN s'I th xZN j?. wkou 2013 ftu

gb?Ie ;z;EkB dh gq:'rFkbk B/ th fJ;

g[zi dh g[FNh ehsh j?.

eh jB ;{oih fBT{NhqB' eD<eh jB ;{oih fBT{NhqB' eD<eh jB ;{oih fBT{NhqB' eD<eh jB ;{oih fBT{NhqB' eD<eh jB ;{oih fBT{NhqB' eD<

j[D gkmeK ~ ikDekoh fdzd/ jK fe

;{oih fBT{NhqB' eD eh jB ns/ fJj

fet/I g?dk j[zd/ jB. ;{oi ns/ j'oBK

skfonK ftu fBT{ebh ;z:'iB feqnk sfjs

;{oih fBT{NhqB' eD g?dk j[zd/ jB. id'I

uko (jkJhvo'iB s'I) gq'NkB i[V e/ jhbhnw

dk BkfGe$e/Ido pDkT[Id/ jB sK fJBQK

ftu'I d' gq'NkB fBT{NqkBK ftu spdhb j'

iKd/ jB. fJ; soQK dh jo/e feqnk fJe

fJb?eNqkB fBT{NhqB' eD g?dk eodh j?.

;kvk B}dheh skok ;{oi jo fJe

fdFk ftu fBT{NhqB' eDK dk gqtkj eodk

j?. ;kvh Xosh d/ jo tor ;?INhwhNo

fjZ;/ ftu'I fJe ;fezN ftu brGr 6H5%101010101010

;{oih fBT{NhqB' eD bzxd/ jB. 1966

ftu e'br/N ns/ tkJhN Bkwe d' y'i

eosktK B/ gsk brkfJnk fe skfonK d/

nkg;h Neokn ns/ ;[goB'tk XwkfenK s'I

g?dk j'J/ fBT{NhqB' eDK ftu f}nkdkso

r[o{sth T{oik j[zdh j?. nfij/ XwkfenK

t/b/ gdkoE dh sko/ d/ e/Ido ftu xDsk

pj[s f}nkdk j' iKdh j?. fJj g[zi 101717171717

feb'rqkw gqfs feT{pe whNo j' iKdk j?.

fJ; jkbs ftu gq'NkB ns/ fJb?eNqkB

nkg; ftu Neok e/ fBT{NqkB ns/ fJb?eNqkB

fBT{NhqB' eDK ~ iBw fdzd/ jB. j'oBK

fBT{NhqB' eDK d/ ;o'sK ftu skg T{oik

th Fkfwb j?, i' fe Bt/I iBw/ fBT{NqkB

sko/ d/ e/Ido ftu'I fBebdh j?. fJ;

T{oik s'I fBT{NhqB' ns/ n?INh fBT{NhqB' eDK

dh T[sgsh j[zdh j?. fJBQK d'jK ftfrnkBeK

(e'br/N ns/ tkJhN) dh ehsh y'i 1987

ftu T[d'I ;Zuh ;kps j'Jh, id'I 1987 J/

Bkwe fJe tZv/ ;[goB'tk s'I fBT{NhqB' eDK

d/ nkT[D dk gsk bZrk. eJh xzN/ Xosh

tZb fJ; Xwke/ s'I fBT{NhqB' eDK dh

p[SkV j[zdh ojh. fJj eD gdkoE ftu'I

th bzx iKd/ jB. bzxD t/b/ fJBQK eDK

dh T[; gdkoE d/ nD{nK ns/ gqwkD{nK

Bkb e'Jh S/VSkV BjhI j[zdh. fJBQK fBT{NhqB'

eDK ftu sko/ d/ nzdo{Bh y/soK ftu j'D

tkb/ XwkfenK pko/ ikDekoh th T[gbpX

j[zdh j?. ;k~ fd;D tkbk ;{oi dk

gqekF o/vhU n?efNt gsB dk jh Bshik

j? i' fe ;{oi dh nzdo{Bh BkGh ftu

fBT{ebh ;z:'ie feqnktK s'I g?dk j' fojk

j?. fJ; sohe/ Bkb g?dk j'JhnK ;{oih

feoBK n;b ftu fBT{NhqB' eDK dh

w"i{drh ~ th do;kT[IdhnK jB. ;{oi

dk gqekF ;zxDhnK ns/ jbub wukT[D

tkbhnK r?;K okjhI fJXo-T[Xo fyZbo iKdk

j?. id'I fBT{NhqB' eD fJBQK r?;K Bkb

NeokT[Id/ jB sK fJj ;[goB'tk d/ e/Ido

pko/ ikDekoh py/o iKd/ jB. fBT{NhqB'

eDK dh p[SkV Xosh T[go gqekF dhnK

feoBK, fpib-u[zpeh ns/ o/vhU sozrK d/

gj[zuD s'I gfjbK g[Zi iKdh j?. go ni/

fJj fenk; jh j?.

fBT{NhqB' eDK dh Xosh #s/ g[ZiD dh

nkwd s'I nkekF d/ fe;/ ]k; fyZs/ ftu

j'D tkb/ ;[goB'tk Xwke/ pko/ gsk uZb

iKdk j?. ;[goB'tk s'I g?dk j'J/ fBT{NhqB'

eDK dh T{oik e[ZM w?rk fJb?eNqkB t'bN

s'I b? e/ j}koK dh w?rk fJb?eNkqB t'bN

j' ;edh j?. fJ; pqfjwzv ftu eh e[ZM


j' fojk j?, T[; pko/ sK wB[Zy ni/

ebgBk jh eo ;edk j?. fJ; s'I fJbktk

d[o/v/ skfonK d/ M[owNK rb?e;hnK s'I

nkT[D tkbhnK ek;fwe feoBK d/ gqt/r

okjhI g?dk j'D tkb/ fBT{NhqB' eDK dh

T{oik r?;h tksktoB okjhI g?dk j'J/

fBT{NhqB' eDK s'I fes/ j}koK r[Dk f}nkdk

j[zdh j?.

ek;fwe feoBK dk Neokn ukoi

g?dk eoB tkb/ gkJhnkB eD g?dk eodk

j?. fJBQK eDK dk gsB fBT{NhqB' iK

T[dk;hB gkJhnkB eD g?dk eodk j?.

fco nZr'I fJBQK fBT{NhqB' eDK dk gsB

r?;K feoBK ~ iBw fdzdk j?. T[u T{oik

tkb/ fBT{NhqB' eDK fe;/ tZv-nkekoh ek;fwe

y/so ftu feoBK d/ nkg;h Neokn okjhI

g?dk j'D/ ;zGt jB.

pqfjwzv dh n;bhnspqfjwzv dh n;bhnspqfjwzv dh n;bhnspqfjwzv dh n;bhnspqfjwzv dh n;bhns

fpr p?Ir xNBk ;ko/ w"i{dk pqfjwzv,

fi; ftu n;hI ftuo oj/ jK, dk fuZso

fsnko eodh j?. ;kv/ pqfjwzv dk fgS'eV

brGr 3H7 nop ;kb g[okDk j?. fgS'eV

ftu xZN T{oik tkb/ fBT{NhqB' eD g?o

g;kod/ jB. fJj XkoBk ekb/ gdkoE d/

iBw ~ th T[ikro eodh j?. fBT{NhqB'

eD feT[Ife pj[s jh jbe/ j[zd/ jB, fJ;

bJh fJj gqekF dh rsh d/ B/V/-s/V/

uZbd/ jB. fJBQK okjhI row ekb/ gdkoE

dk pDBk s?n j[zdk j?. ekbk wkdk

pqfjwzv ftu w"i{d j?. pqfjwzv ftu

rb?e;hnK d/ tZv/-tZv/ M[owN ekb/ gdkoE

Bkb fxo/ gJ/ jB. fJjh ekbk wkdk

gdkoE d/ e/Ido ftu j'D tkb/ r[o{sth

nkeoFB feqnk ~ iBw fdzdk j?. ;'

fBT{NhqB' eD ekb/ gdkoE dh E'VQh fijh

wksok ~ jh fsnko eodk j?. BthI y'i

w[skpe p'okB-8 Bkwe ;{oih fBT{NhqB'

eDK dh T{oik pj[s f}nkdk j[zdh j?. ;',

xZN ybkn xDsk j'D d/ pkti{d th

fJj bZG bJ/ iKd/ jB. pqfjwzv dh

n;b s;tho dk gsk brkT[D bJh

;ftN}ob?Iv (iB/tk) ftu gq:'r uZb oj/

jB.

fBT{NhqB' eD th e[dos d/ ek~BfBT{NhqB' eD th e[dos d/ ek~BfBT{NhqB' eD th e[dos d/ ek~BfBT{NhqB' eD th e[dos d/ ek~BfBT{NhqB' eD th e[dos d/ ek~B

nB[;ko jh uZbd/ jB. fJjnB[;ko jh uZbd/ jB. fJjnB[;ko jh uZbd/ jB. fJjnB[;ko jh uZbd/ jB. fJjnB[;ko jh uZbd/ jB. fJj

gqekF dh rsh s'I s/} BjhI uZbgqekF dh rsh s'I s/} BjhI uZbgqekF dh rsh s'I s/} BjhI uZbgqekF dh rsh s'I s/} BjhI uZbgqekF dh rsh s'I s/} BjhI uZb

;ed/, ;r'I ;hwk y/so d/ nzdo;ed/, ;r'I ;hwk y/so d/ nzdo;ed/, ;r'I ;hwk y/so d/ nzdo;ed/, ;r'I ;hwk y/so d/ nzdo;ed/, ;r'I ;hwk y/so d/ nzdo

jh ofjzd/ jB. ;kvh nkekFjh ofjzd/ jB. ;kvh nkekFjh ofjzd/ jB. ;kvh nkekFjh ofjzd/ jB. ;kvh nkekFjh ofjzd/ jB. ;kvh nkekF

rzrk dk rb?efNe e/Ido ;zxDhnKrzrk dk rb?efNe e/Ido ;zxDhnKrzrk dk rb?efNe e/Ido ;zxDhnKrzrk dk rb?efNe e/Ido ;zxDhnKrzrk dk rb?efNe e/Ido ;zxDhnK

r?;K ns/ bZyK-eo'VK uwehb/r?;K ns/ bZyK-eo'VK uwehb/r?;K ns/ bZyK-eo'VK uwehb/r?;K ns/ bZyK-eo'VK uwehb/r?;K ns/ bZyK-eo'VK uwehb/

gdkoEK Bkb Gfonk fgnk j?.gdkoEK Bkb Gfonk fgnk j?.gdkoEK Bkb Gfonk fgnk j?.gdkoEK Bkb Gfonk fgnk j?.gdkoEK Bkb Gfonk fgnk j?.

nfijh ;fEsh ftu Xosh tZbnfijh ;fEsh ftu Xosh tZbnfijh ;fEsh ftu Xosh tZbnfijh ;fEsh ftu Xosh tZbnfijh ;fEsh ftu Xosh tZb

nkT[D tkb/ fBT{NqhB' eDK ~nkT[D tkb/ fBT{NqhB' eDK ~nkT[D tkb/ fBT{NqhB' eDK ~nkT[D tkb/ fBT{NqhB' eDK ~nkT[D tkb/ fBT{NqhB' eDK ~

]k; fBT{NhqB' d{ophB Bkb jh]k; fBT{NhqB' d{ophB Bkb jh]k; fBT{NhqB' d{ophB Bkb jh]k; fBT{NhqB' d{ophB Bkb jh]k; fBT{NhqB' d{ophB Bkb jh

yzxkfbnk ik ;edk j?.yzxkfbnk ik ;edk j?.yzxkfbnk ik ;edk j?.yzxkfbnk ik ;edk j?.yzxkfbnk ik ;edk j?.

fBT{NhqB' eDK dh wdd Bkb skok

ftfrnkB d/ y/so ftu ;kv/ ;"o wzvb s'I

goQ/ ik e/ th pj[s e[ZM y'fink ik ;edk

j?. d[o/v/ rqfjnK d/ tksktoB ;zpzXh gsk

th fJBQK eDK dh ;jkfJsk Bkb brkfJnk

ik ;edk j?. pqfjwzv d/ G/s nkgD/ nkg

jh y[ZbQ ;eDr/. pqfjwzv, gdkoE ns/

gqekF dh n;b s;tho j"bh-j"bh T[ikro

j' ikt/rh. wB[Zy wjKpbh j?. nihp

rqfj dk p/Nk nihp jh y'iK eoB ns/

pqfjwzv d/ G/d ikDB d/ fe;/ ;w/I g{oh

soQK ;woZE j' ikt/rk.

(b/ye nf;N?IN gq'c?;o, r[o{ BkBe d/t

:[Bhtof;Nh, y/soh e?Ig;, r[odk;g[o (gzikp)

j?.)


xkse phwkohnK wB[Zyh ;oho ~ fuzpV

iKdhnK jB. y'i nzeV/ do;kT[Id/ jB fe

gzikp ftub/ 25 gqfsFs Bt-ftnkj/ i'fVnK

d/ ;zskB Bk j'D dk tZvk ekoB fJE'I d/

ykD-ghD tkb/ gdkoEK ftu ou u[ZehnK

o;kfJDh }fjoK jh jB. itkB wodK dh

xN ojh F[eokD{ ;zfynk d/ Bshi/ ti'I

roG mfjoDk ;zGt jh BjhI j[zdk. fJ;/

eoe/ e[dosh roGgks ns/ ngzr pZfunK

dk iBw torhnK ;wZf;nktK ;kv/ ;wki

bJh fuzsk dk ftFk pD ojhnK jB.

f;o\ d' g[FsK ftu iK fJzi efj bJhJ/

fe w"i{dk B"itkB ghVQh d/ gskb{nK ftu

w"i{d F[eokD{nK dh frDsh nkgD/ dkd/

Bkb'I nZXh ofj rJh j?.

gzikp d/ }whBh gkDhnK ftu

:{o/Bhnw dh T[`u wksok sK fuzsk dk

ftFk j? jh go fJBQK ftu sK j'o th

pj[s ;ko/ xkse o;kfJD x[b u[Ze/ jB.

tksktoB ns/ o;kfJD ftfrnkBhnK B/

gzikp d/ gkDhnK ftu'I nko;?fBe (;zyhnk),

c?o; woeoh (b'jwJh gkok) ns/ n?INhwBh

b?v (;[owJh f;Zek) tor/ xkse gdkoEK

d/ ob/ j'D pko/ ;{fus ehsk j?. fJ; d/

Bkb jh eJh xkse XksK d/ eb'okJhv,

;bc/N;, BkJhNo/N; ns/ ekop'B/N; dh

T[u wksok th }whBh gkDhnK ftu'I foekov

ehsh rJh j?.

T[d:'fre rzdrh, o;kfJDK ns/ wB[Zyh

nkpkdh dh ;hto/} ~ n;hI p[ZY/ Bkb/,

jz;bh Bkb/ iK ;sb[i dfonk ftu ;[ZN e/

p/f\eo j' e/ p?m iKd/ jK. go fJjh

rzdrh ftub/ }fjohb/ o;kfJD }whBh

gkDh ftu fwb iKd/ jB. e[dosh ;'fwnK

~ gbhs eoB dk Bshik ;kv/ ;kjwD/

nkT[Idk j? e/I;o tor/ o'rK d/ o{g ftu.

;k~ jkb/ th f;Zfynk b?Dh ukjhdh j? fe

e[dos d/ ftu w"i{d fJ; skD/-pkD/ ftu

n;hI fij' fijh eoBh eoKr/, T[; dk

Bshik ;k~ jo jkbs ftu G[rsDk

gt/rk. fJ; bJh }o{oh j? fe n;hI

o;kfJDh }fjoK dh tos'I ~ pzd eoB d/

Bkb-Bkb wkbtk y/so ftub/ e?I;o dk

dod jzYk oj/ b'eK dh nkofEe s/

wkBf;e wdd eohJ/. fJjh ;G s'I tZvk

g[zB j't/rk.

(b/ye nf;;N?IN gq'\?;o, i[nkb'ih ftGkr,(b/ye nf;;N?IN gq'\?;o, i[nkb'ih ftGkr,(b/ye nf;;N?IN gq'\?;o, i[nkb'ih ftGkr,(b/ye nf;;N?IN gq'\?;o, i[nkb'ih ftGkr,(b/ye nf;;N?IN gq'\?;o, i[nkb'ih ftGkr,

p/fozr ekbi pNkbk, gzikp j?.)p/fozr ekbi pNkbk, gzikp j?.)p/fozr ekbi pNkbk, gzikp j?.)p/fozr ekbi pNkbk, gzikp j?.)p/fozr ekbi pNkbk, gzikp j?.)



gk;g'oN ;/tkgk;g'oN ;/tkgk;g'oN ;/tkgk;g'oN ;/tkgk;g'oN ;/tk

gk;g'oN ;/tk gqki?eN Gkos ;oeko

d/ okFNoh Jh Fk;B :'iBk j/m ;G s'I

tZv/ fwFB w'v gqki?eNK ftu'I fJe j?.

fJj :'iBk ftd/F wzsokbk tb'I NkNk

;bkjeko ;/tktK Bkb iBse-fBZih

GkJhtkbh j/m ;cbskg{ote ubkfJnk ik

fojk j?.

w"i{dk p[fBnkdh YKuk gqDkbh ns/

gqfefonk gk;g'oN ns/ T[; Bkb i[VhnK

;/tktK dh tXdh wzr ~ g{ok eoB bJh

n;woZE ;h. 2013 d"okB ;oeko B/

fJe ;kb ftu 85 bZy 17 j}ko gk;g'oN

;/tktK gqdkB ehshnK, i' ;kb 2000 d/

w[ekpb/ ftu fszB r[Dk f}nkdk ;h. fJ;/

do T[s/ ;oeko ;kb 2014-15 ftu fJe

eo'V gk;g'oN ;/tktK gqdkB eoe/ whb

dk gZEo ;kps eo/rh. 30 i{B se

brGr 5 eo'V 40 bZy Gkosh BkrfoeK

B/ ek~Bh s"o s/ gk;g'oN jk;b ehs/.

uhB ns/ nwohek s'I pknd Gkos ftFt

d/ 14 gqfsFs gk;g'oN ;/tktK gqdkB

eoe/ sh;o/ Bzpo #s/ j?.

gk;g'oN ;/tk gqki?eN ~ Gkosh

BkrfoeK dhnK gk;g'oN ;zpzfXs ;/tktK d/

tkX/ ns/ ;[Xko bJh ezfgT{NoheoB ehsk

frnk j?. i{B 2012 se fJ; ~ Gkos

ftu 23 okiK d/ 63 FfjoK ftu ;[uko{

s"o s/ ubkfJnk frnk j?. fJj nkJh Nh

;zukfbs gqki?eN ftd/F wzsokbk d/ 2500

eowukohnK ns/ fBZih y/so d/ 2500

eowukohnK tb'I ubkfJnk ik fojk j?.

fJ; :'iBk ftu F[o{nksh fBt/F fBZih

GkJhtkbh tb'I ehsk frnk, i' pDkU,

ubkU ns/ ngDkU nkXkfos wkvb #s/

j?.

gk;g'oN ;/tk gqki?eN d/F ftnkgh

B?Ntoe j? i' 77 nkX[fBe gk;g'oN ;/tk

e/Ido 39 gk;g'oN ikoh nEkfoNhnK g[fb;,

Gkosh vke, Gkosh ;[oZfynk gq?; tor/

pkjob/ ;KM/dkoK ~ fJe ;{so ftu fgo'Idk

j?. gk;g'oN ;zpzfXs ikDekohnK ~ gqtk;h

iKu e/Ido ns/ 183 Gkosh fwFB ns/

e/IdoK se ;zpzfXs ;/tktK gqdkB gqDkbh

ftu th spdhbh fbnKdh j?. fJ; Bkb

gk;g'oN ;/tktK ~ ;[ykbk ns/ gkodoFh

pDkfJnk frnk j?. nkB bkJhB fpB?

gZso, \h; iwQK eokT[D ns/ gk;g'oN

;/tk e/Ido ftu fwbD dk ;wK fBFfus

ehsk ik ;edk j?. fpB?eko ;w/I w[skfpe

nkgD/ d;skt/} s/ \h; iwQK eotk

;edk j?. gk;g'oN d\so d/ ;Nk\ tb'I

d;skt/} dh iKu eoB pknd T[; ~

gqkgsh o;hd gqdkB ehsh iKdh j?.

gk;g'oN ;/tk e/IdoK ftu J/HNhHn?wH

iBse \'B, c'N' ekgh, ;wkuko gZso

fJzNoB?N ns/ j'o ;j{bsK gqdkB eoe/

p/jso pDkfJnk frnk j?. gk;g'oN ;/tk

gqki?eN ftu BkrfoeK Bkb gqGkth ;zgoe

ns/ p/jso ;zukbB bJh fJ; ftu ;zukbB

d/ tZy-tZy YzrK ~ fJ;s/wkb ehsk frnk

j?. fJ; ftu gk;g'oN ;/tk g'oNb, ekb-

;?INo, ;jkfJsk v?;e ns/ n?w gk;g'oN

;/tk BK d/ w'pkfJb n?gbhe/FB ns/ n?;

n?w n?; Nq?fezr ;j{bsK Fkfwb jB.

fJ; d/ fJbktk, gk;g'oN ;/tktK ~ BkrfoeK

se gj[zukT[D bJh gk;g'oN ;/tk w/b/

ns/ e?Ig brkJ/ iKd/ jB.

gk;g'oN ;/tk B?Ntoe ;zukbB e/Ido

ns/ ;[oZfynk ;zukbB e/Ido ~ gk;g'oN

;/tk d/ p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ 24 xzN/ dh

fBrokBh bJh ;Ekgs ehsk frnk j?.

gk;g'oN ;/tk ftGkr ~ tXhnk ekor[}koh

bJh tZy-tZy n?tkov gqdkB ehs/ rJ/

jB. fJ; BthI gqDkbh Bkb j[D se 1

eo'V 80 bZy fpB? gZsoK dh gq';?f;zr

ehsh rJh j?. 45,000 BkrfoeK ~

o'}kBk ;j{bs gqdkB ehsh iKdh j?.

;oeko tb' I nBki gqpzX bJh;oeko tb' I nBki gqpzX bJh;oeko tb' I nBki gqpzX bJh;oeko tb' I nBki gqpzX bJh;oeko tb' I nBki gqpzX bJh

eJh T[gokb/eJh T[gokb/eJh T[gokb/eJh T[gokb/eJh T[gokb/

;oeko tb'I d/F ftu nBki gqpzX

;[Xko ns/ wfjzrkJh #s/ ekp{ gkT[D bJh

eJh edw u[Ze/ rJ/ jB. Gkosh y[oke

fBrw tb'I nBki d/ ;[oZfyns GzvkoB ~

:ehBh pDkT[D bJh r'dkwK ~ fte;s

ehsk frnk j?. g[okDk Gzvko gfjb d/

nkXko #s/ ikoh ehsk iKdk j?. fJ;

;w/I Gkosh y[oke fBrw e'b f;o\ fgSb/

d' ;kbK dk ;Nke T[gbpX j?. r[DtZsk

fB:zsqD szso ~ w}p{s eoB bJh b?p'oNoh

ns/ f;ybkJh YKu/ ~ brksko fte;s

ehsk ik fojk j? ns/ nBki dh popkdh

~ o'eD bJh yohd GzvkoB ns/ tzvD d/

;w/I #s/ nBki dh r[DtZsk dh iKu ehsh

iKdh j?. okiK ~ tZX s'I tZX yohdkoh

ns/ fe;kBK bJh xZN'-xZN ;woEB w[Zb

~ :ehBh pDkT[D bJh fte/IdoheoB yohd

gqDkbh ngDkT[D bJh gq's;kjs ehsk

iKdk j?. fBZih T[dw }kwBh ;ehw j/m

;oeko B/ e/Idoh g{b bJh nBki yohd

d/ tXhnk GzvkoB bJh 19 okiK ftu

tZy-tZy EktK #s/ 30 i{B se 120 bZy

30 j}ko NB ;woZEk tkb/ GzvkoB pDkJ/

jB. nkX[fBeh GzvkoB bJh ;oeko B/

e'mhnK ftu 20 bZy ;woZEk tkb/ GzvkoBK

d/ fBowkD bJh wB}{oh fdsh j?. okFNoh

y[oke n?eN 2013 j/m jo/e gZXo #s/

Nhuk iBse tzv dk ezfgT{NoheoB ehsk

frnk j?. fJj ikDekoh ygseko wkwfbnK,

y[oke ns/ iBse tzv gqDkbh pko/ oki

wzsoh ;qh okU;kfjp gkfNb dkBt/ B/ b'e

;Gk ftu fJe ;tkb d/ fbysh itkp

ftu fdsh. T[BQK dZf;nk fe ;oeko B/

]poK ftu'I ]poK]poK ftu'I ]poK]poK ftu'I ]poK]poK ftu'I ]poK]poK ftu'I ]poK


u"bK ns/ eDe dhnK ehwsK #s/ B}o

oZyD bJh eJh edw u[Ze/ jB, fi; ftu

eDe bJh dokwd eo xNk e/ 0 ns/

30 Btzpo se M'B/ ns/ u"bK dh Gzvko

;hwk bkr{ ehsh rJh j?. ;oeko b'VhIdh

y[okeh t;sK dh iwQKy'oh ns/ pb?e

wkoehfNzr d/ nkd/F Bkb b'VhIdh y[okeh

t;sK n?eN 1955, pb?e wkoehfNzr ns/

b'VhId/ y[okeh t;sK dh g{osh dk oZy-

oykn n?eN 1980 th bkr{ eo ojh j?.

okiK ~ th b'VhIdh y[okeh t;sK dh

iwQKy'oh ns/ pb?e wkoehfNzr ~ o'eD

bJh th fBod/F ikoh ehs/ rJ/ jB.

o/bt/ dk fJzihBhnfozr ewkbo/bt/ dk fJzihBhnfozr ewkbo/bt/ dk fJzihBhnfozr ewkbo/bt/ dk fJzihBhnfozr ewkbo/bt/ dk fJzihBhnfozr ewkb

T{Xwg[o-eNVk BthI o/bt/ bkJhB ~

gqXkB wzsoh ;qh Bo/Ido w'dh B/ 4 i[bkJh

2014 ~ okFNo ~ ;wofgs ehsk ;h,

T[so o/bt/ dh 326 feb'whNo bzph

T{Xwg[o-eNVk-ekihr[zv-FqhBro-pkokw{bk

o/bt/ bkJhB gqki?eN dk fJe fjZ;k j?.

fJj o/bt/ bkJhB izw{ y/so d/ wjZstg{oB

FfjoK ~ nkg; ftu i'Vdh j?. izw{ y/so

d/ FfjoK ftu eNVk th Fkfwb j?, i'

fonk;h f}bQ/ dh sfj;hb j?. eNVk dh

]k; nfjwhns j?, feT[Ife fJE'I FoXkb{ ;qh

wksk t?FB' d/th d/ doFB bJh nkgDh

:ksok F[o{ eod/ jB. j[D se fJj

Ffjo izw{-sth Bkb i[fVnk j'fJnk ;h.

T{Xwg[o-eNVk d/ w[ezwb j'D Bkb FoXkb{nK

~ j[D nkT[D ikD bJh fJe j'o o;sk

fwb frnk j?. fJj o/bt/ bkJhB fjwkfbnk

dh fFtkfbe ns/ fsqe[N o/b d/ p/jZd

w[Ffeb gjkVh y/soK ns/ T[u/-Bht/I fJbkfenK

ftu'I j' e/ r[}odh j?. fJj o/b bkJhB

eJh ;VeK, eZu/ o;s/ ns/ grvzvhnK ~

gko eod/ j'J/ eJh BdhnK-Bkb/ ns/

BfjoK s'I j' e/ bzxdh j?. fJ; ;?eFB

ftu e[Zb 10H9 feb'whNo bzph ;[ozr j?.

;Zs tZv/ ns/ 29 S'N/ g[b Fkfwb jB.

fJ; o/b ;?eFB d/ fBowkD bJh 31

wkou 2014 se 1132 eo'V 75 bZy

o[gJ/ dh bkrs nkJh j?. fJ; ;?eFB

ftu 22 fsZy/ w'V jB. ;G s'I f}nkdk

fsZyk w'V 5 fvroh dk j?. :ksoh

rZvhnK Bkb i[V/ w[Zy gb/Nckow 1,2 ns/

3 jB, i' 550 whNo bzp/ jB. pBhjkb-

pkokw{bk o/bt/ bkJhB 326 feb'whNo

bzph T{Xwg[o-eNVk-ekihr[zv-FqhBro-pkokw{bk

o/bt/ bkJhB dk fJe fjZ;k j?. fJj

o/bt/ bkJhB okFNoh wjZst dk gqki?eN

j?. fJ; #s/ w"i{dk ;zGkfts bkrs brGr

19 j}ko 565 eo'V o[gJ/ j?. 31 wkou

2014 se fJ; gqki?eN T[s/ brGr

9666 eo'V 71 bZy o[gJ/ you ehs/ ik

u[Ze/ jB. i[bkJh 2014 s'I eNVk se 4

o/b ;/tktK F[o{ ehshnK rJhnK jB. fJj

o/b ;/tktK BthI fdZbh-wksk t?FB' d/th

eNVk n?e;gq?;, gmkBe'N-;qh wksk t?FB'

d/th eNVk vh n?w :{ ns/ fJe j'o izw{-

sth-;qh wksk t?FB' d/th eNVk vh n?w :{

j?. GftZy ftu eNVk ~ i'VB tkbhnK 9

j'o o/b ;/tktK F[o{ ehshnK ikDrhnK.

okFNoh pkb f;js gq'rokw sfjsokFNoh pkb f;js gq'rokw sfjsokFNoh pkb f;js gq'rokw sfjsokFNoh pkb f;js gq'rokw sfjsokFNoh pkb f;js gq'rokw sfjs

pZfunK dh f;js dh iKupZfunK dh f;js dh iKupZfunK dh f;js dh iKupZfunK dh f;js dh iKupZfunK dh f;js dh iKu

okFNoh pkb f;js gq'rokw j/m 18

;kb se dh T[wo tkb/ ;ko/ pZfunK dh

f;js dh iKu ehsh ikt/rh. fJj iKu

T[BQK d/ iBw d/ ;w/I d'FK, xkNK, phwkohnK

ns/ ftek; ftu d/oh bJh ehsh ikt/rh.

fJ; fwFB j/m gq;skt j? fe ;ko/

Btiks fFF{nK ~ f;js ;j{bsK T[gbpX

eotkJhnK ikDrhnK. 6 j\s/ s'I 6 ;kbK

se dh T[wo tor tkb/ pZfunK dh iKu

ehsh ikt/rh ns/ 6 s'I 18 ;kb se dh

T[wo tor tkb/ pZfunK d/ Bkw ;oekoh

;jkfJsk tkb/ ;e{bK ftu fby/ ikDr/

ns/ fJBQK dh iKu d' ubdhnK fcodhnK

nk:{F NhwK tb'I ehsh ikt/rh. jo Nhw

ftu fJe g[oF vkeNo ns/ fJe wfjbk

vkeNo ns/ fJe dkJh ns/ n"FXh-ftfrnkBh

oj/rh. fJj ikDekoh oki ;Gk ftu

f;js wzsoh B/ fJe ;tkb d/ fbysh

itkp ftu fdsh.

g?okf;Nkw'b ns/ eq';hB dhnK ehwsK

;kb 2013 d/ dtkJh w[Zb fB:zsqD

nkd/F j/m g?okf;Nkw'b dh 500 fwbhrqkw

dhnK r'bhnK dh tZX ehws gqfs r'bh

94 g?;/ B'NhckJh ehsh rJh ;h. b'e

;Gk ftu fJe ;tkb d/ T[so ftu

o;kfJD ns/ ykd oki wzsoh Fqh fBjkb

uzd B/ fejk fe eq';hB t/uD tkbh fJe

fBZih ckow?;h cow B/ n?vtK; eq';hB Bkw

s'I fJj dtk t/uD bJh no}h fdsh j?

ns/ nghb ehsh j? fe fJ; ~ vhHghH;hHUH

2013 dh Xkok 32(III) dhnK ftt;EktKs'I w[es ehsk ikt/. fJj Xkok fJ; dtk

d/ tZX w[Zb T[s/ bkr{ j?. iKu gVskb d/

pknd n?B gh gh J/ B/ fJ; ckow?;h dh

p/Bsh BjhI wzBh. fJ; nB[;ko n?B gh gh

J/ B/ fJ; ezgBh tb'I f}nkdk t;{bh rJh

oew dh wzr g/F ehsh j? ns/ fJj oew

fJ; d"okB tZX t;{b ehsh ehws d/

pokpo j?. fJ; ezgBh B/ fJ; f;bf;b/

ftu 54 eo'V o[gJ/ dh oew iwQK eo

fdsh j?.

f;tb j;gskb j[fFnkog[o wkJheo'

pkfJUb"ih b/pkoNoh nXhB (nkJh

vh n?; gh) dk T[dxkNB

xo-xo p/jsohB f;js ;j{bsK

gj[zukT[D dh :'iBk sfjs gzikp ;oeko

tb'I f;tb j;gskbK dh B[jko pdbD

bJh tZvh gZXo #s/ BthBheoB ehsk ik

fojk j?. fi; d/ ubfdnK f;tb j;gskb

j[fFnkog[o ftu vkfJo?eNo f;js s/ gfotko

GbkJh n\;o eoBihs f;zx tb'I wkJheo'

pkfJUb"ih b/pkoNoh nXhB (nkJh vh

n?; gh) dk T[dxkNB ehsk frnk.

f;js vkfJo?eNo B/ dZf;nk fe fJ;

b/pkoNoh y[ZbQD Bkb wohiK ~ tZy'I-tZy

phwkohnK d/ N?;NK bJh j[D fBZih

b/pkoNohnK tZb sZeDk BjhI gt/rk.

ghHnkJhHphH ibzXo.


e; ftek; p?Ie iK BthI ftek;

p?Ie (n?B vh ph) fJe pj[gZyh

ftek; p?Ie j? i' ftFt d/ gzi ;G s'I

T[Go oj/ d/FK, fiBQK ~ fpqe; d/F

(pqk}hb, oFhnk, fJzvhnk, uhB ns/ dZyDh

n\ohek) fejk iKdk j?, tb'I ;zukfbs

ehsh ikt/rh. fJ; BthI p?Ie dh ;EkgBk

w[Zy s"o s/ ftek;Fhb d/FK d/ p[fBknkdh

YKu/ d/ ftek; bJh ftZs w[jZJhnk eotkT[D

tk;s/ ehsh rJh j?, i' fJBQK d/FK dh

ftFt noEuko/ ftu ftF/Fsk ~ do;kT[Idk

j?. F[o{nks ftu fJ; p?Ie e'b 50

fpbhnB nwoheh vkbo dh g{zih j't/rh

fi; ~ gzi d/FK dofwnkB pokpo tzv

fdsk ikt/rk. fJ; sfjs 10 fwbhnB

vkbo Brd ;Zs ;kbK d"okB brkJ/

ikDr/ ns/ pkeh 40 fwbhnB vkbo

}wkBhnK d/ o{g ftu T[gbpX j't/rk.

fJBQK d/FK tb'I nuBu/s Gzvko gqpzX (;h

nko J/) dh F[o{nks dk th n?bkB ehsk

frnk fi; ~ 2013 ftu wB}{o ehsk

frnk ;h. fJ; sfjs 100 fpbhnB

vkbo dk ftZs gqkgs j't/rk i' ftZsh ;zeN

d/ ;fwnK ftu ;[oZfynk ikbh dh G{fwek

fBGkJ/rk. fJ; dk fpqe; d/FK, i' E'VQ/

;w/I dk ftZsh ;zeN iK G[rskB d/ ;zs[bB

fijhnK ;wZf;nktK Bkb i{M oj/ j'Dr/, ~

nkgksekbh ftZs w[jZJhnk eotkT[D dk

Nhuk j't/rk. p?Ie dk w[Zy d\so FzxkJh

(uhB) ftu j't/rk ns/ fJj p?Ie 2016

ftu eo}k d/Dk F[o{ eo d/t/rk. pokpoh

do;kT[D bJh fJ; dh gqXkBrh pdbdh

oj/rh. Gkos gfjb/ S/ ;kbK bJh fJ;

dk gqXkB j't/rk, fi; T[gozs pqk}hb ns/

o{; gzi-gzi ;kbK bJh gqXkB j'Dr/.

uhB dh 2021 se tkoh BjhI nkt/rh.

fBod/FeK dh gfoFd dk T[dxkNBh w[yh

pqk}hb s'I j't/rk ns/ rtoBoK dh gfoFd

dk F[o{nksh w[yh o{; s'I j't/rk. fJj

nzsookFNoh ftZsh ;z;EktK fit/I ftFt

p?Ie ns/ nzsookFNoh ftZsh \zv d/ fpbe[b

T[bN j't/rk. fiE/ nkw s"o s/ nwohek

iK :{og d/ w?Ipo fJ; dk w[yh j[zdk j?.

nuBu/s Gzvo gqpzX nzsookFNoh ftZsh

;z;EktK fit/I nkJh n?w n?\ dk pdb

j't/rk i' fpqe; d/FK ns/ d{i/ rohp

noEukfonK ~ G[rskB d/ ;zs[bB dhnK

;wZf;nktK ;w/I ;o's w[jZJhnk eotkJ/rk.

BthI ftek; p?Ie nfte;s d/FK bJh fJe

wzu dh G{fwek fBGkJ/rk ns/ nkgDk

dkfJok fpqe; d/FK s'I pkjo th tXkJ/rk,

i' toswkB nzsookFNoh ftZsh gqDkbh d/

fdqF ftu, ftFt p?Ie dh u"Xo ~ fJe

rzGho u[B"sh g/F eo/rh. fpqe; d/FK d/

B/sk fpqe; tNKdok rmi'V dh ;EkgBk

pko/ th ftuko eo oj/ jB sK fe tkb

;NohN d/ dpdp/ tkb/ ngkodoFh ftT[Ispzdh

sZsK ~ u[B"sh fdsh ik ;e/. fJ; tb'I

nzso-wjKdhgh tNKdok (nkJh ;h Jh)

dhnK ;ZN/pk}h tkbhnK ;orowhnK ~

u[B"sh d/D bJh T{oik rmi'V pDkT[D

pko/ th ;'funk ik fojk j?. fJj uko

;o's - BthI ftek; p?Ie, nuBu/s Gzvko

gqpzX, fpqe; tNKdok rmi'V ns/ fpqe;

T{oik rmi'V - id'I g{oh soQK ezw eoBk

nkozG eo d/Dr/ sK fJe BtK nzsookFNoh

nkofEe fB}kw f;oiD dh fdFk #u tZvk

gfotosB fbnkT[D d/ ;woZE j'Dr/.

B? `N fBogZyskB? `N fBogZyskB? `N fBogZyskB? `N fBogZyskB? `N fBogZysk

B?N-fBogZysk FpdK dh ekY e'bzphnk

d/ ek~B d/ gq'\?;B fNw t{ tb'I ehsh

rJh. fJj T[j f;XKs j? fi; nB[;ko

fJzNoB?N #s/ v/Nk ~ fBogZgsk Bkb ;wZroh

;o's iK gj[zu ;EkB d/ ;zdoG ftu,

fJXo-T[Xo eoB dh fJik}s j?. feT[Ife

fJzNoB?N dh tos'I p'bD dh nk}kdh

nkoEks b'eszso dk fJe p[fBnkdh nzr

j?, d[BhnK Go d/ t?p ekoieosk fJj

}'o fdzd/ nk oj/ jB fe fJzNoB?`N

;kfonK bJh w[\s j'Dk ukjhdk j?, i'

w[ekpb/pk}h ns/ BthBsk fbnkT[D bJh

fJe y[ZbQk wzu j't/. go j[D, fJzNoB?N

gqdksk (nkJh n?; gh}) dbhb d/ oj/

jB, feT[Ife T[j tos'Ieko ~ fJe ;/tk

gqdkB eo oj/ jB, fJ; eoe/ T[BQK ~

\?;bk eoB dh S'N j't/ fe T[j ;/tk

fe; soQK d/Dr/ ns/ fJ; ;/tk pdb/

tos'IekoK s'I g?;/ th t;{bDr/. fJj B?N

fBogZysk d/ ftuko bJh fJe u[B"sh j?.

toswkB ftu, fJj fJzNoB?N ;/tktK

gqdksk iK ;wZroh gqdkB eoB tkfbnK ~

;wZroh w[skpe tZy-tZy doK bkr{ eoB

dh nkfrnk BjhI j?. tos'Ieko fe;/ th

t?p;kJhN bJh fJzNoB?N dh tos'I eo

;ed/ jB, b'V nB[;ko v/Nk vkT{Bb'v

eo ;ed/ jB. fJj y[ZbQkgB jh phs/

;kbK ftu fJzNoB?N d/ s/}h Bkb fte;s

j' oj/ pk}ko dk ekoB j?. go j[D fJj

B?Ntoe ;/tktK gqdksk dbhb d/ oj/ jB

fe fJj w[es T[dw dk w[Zdk j?, fJ;

eoe/ T[j j[D j'o fBogZy BjhI ofjDk

eh s[;hI ikDd/ j'<eh s[;hI ikDd/ j'<eh s[;hI ikDd/ j'<eh s[;hI ikDd/ j'<eh s[;hI ikDd/ j'<

BthI ftek; p?Ie (n?`B vh ph)BthI ftek; p?Ie (n?`B vh ph)BthI ftek; p?Ie (n?`B vh ph)BthI ftek; p?Ie (n?`B vh ph)BthI ftek; p?Ie (n?`B vh ph)

fpqfpqfpqfpqfpq



f;jsf;jsf;jsf;jsf;js

f;js gq'rokwK ~ bkr{ eoB ;w/I fdZesKf;js gq'rokwK ~ bkr{ eoB ;w/I fdZesKf;js gq'rokwK ~ bkr{ eoB ;w/I fdZesKf;js gq'rokwK ~ bkr{ eoB ;w/I fdZesKf;js gq'rokwK ~ bkr{ eoB ;w/I fdZesK

irdhg e"oirdhg e"oirdhg e"oirdhg e"oirdhg e"o

Sb/ brGr 17 ;kb w?I gzikp

d/ g/Iv{ y/so ftu f;js ns/

gfotko efbnkD ftGkr d/ nzr ti'I

;orow f;js ekw/ d/ s"o s/ ftuoh jK.

fJ; d"okB b'eK dhnK f;js ;zpzXh

;wZf;nktK ns/ fJBQK ;wZf;nktK gqfs T[BQK

d/ (b'eK d/) ftjko ~ pVk B/V/ s'I t/fynk

j?. f;js ns/ gfotko efbnkD ftGkr

ftu J/ n?B n?w ns/ w/b j?bE toeo

jh jB fiBQK #s/ gzikp ;oeko ns/ e/Ido

;oeko tb'I pDkJ/ iKd/ f;js (;[Xko)

;zpzXh gqki?eNK ~ bkr{ eoB dh f}zw/tkoh

g?Idh j?. fJj th nfseEBh BjhI j't/rh

fe fJj w/b ns/ chw/b (]k; eoe/

chw/b) j?bE toeo jh jB fijV/ gb;

g'bhT[ torhnK tZvhnK f;js w[fjzwK ~

nwbh ikwk gfjBkT[Id/ jB. fJ; s'I

fJbktk, b'eK dh f;js ;zpzXh, f;js

ftGkr tb'I ehs/ ikD tkb/ tZy-tZy

;ot/yD, roGtsh n"osK dh d/yo/y (n?INh-

B/Nb ns/ g';N-B/Nb e/no) nbr-

nbr phwkohnK dh o'eEkw bJh NhekeoB

dh f}zw/tkoh th J/ n?B n?w dh jh j[zdh

j?. ;w[Zu/ o{g ftu pj[-wzsth f;js ekw/

f;js ns/ gfotko efbnkD ftGkr d/

gq'rokwK ~ bkr{ eoB tkb/ j[Boh ekfwnK

dk w'joh d;sk j?.

fJBQK ekfwnK dk fjZ;k j[zfdnK w?I

nkw b'eK dhnK f;js ;wZf;nktK ~ pVk

B/V/ s'I t/fynk j?. pj[sh tko fJj th

f]nkb nkT[Idk fojk fe i/ fJBQK f;js

;wZf;nktK ~ ;wki d/ nkofEe s/ ;wkfie

w;fbnK d/ ;zdoG ftu jZb ehsk ikt/

sK fJj tX/o/ gkfJdko Yzr Bkb jZb

ehshnK ik ;edhnK jB. fJE/ fJj th

fXnkB d/D :'r gZy j? fe gzikp dh

;EkBe nkpkdh ftu pj[s ;kohnK S{s

dhnK phwkohnK brGr ysw j' u[ZehnK

jB go gqtk;h nkpkdh Bkb T[j fJE/ w[V

gqt/F eo ojhnK jB. gb; g'bhT[ ns/

j'o iBse f;js w[fjzwK d"okB gqtk;h

nkpkdh ~ eto eoB #s/ ek\h }'o fdsk

iKdk j?. fJ; nkpkdh dhnK f;js

;wZf;nktK jB th rzGho ns/ fJe tZyoh

fbys dh wzr eodhnK jB.

fco th fJ; rZb ~ fXnkB ftu

oZyD dh b'V j? fe nkofEe, f;Zfynk ns/

;wkfie f}zdrh d/ fJe ]k; gZXo se

;[Xko s'I fpBK ;wki dhnK f;js ;wZf;nktK

th ;jh Yzr Bkb jZb BjhI ehshnK ik

;edhnK. fJ; soQK f;js ;wZf;nk dk

wkBth, ftfdne, ;wkfie gfjb{ brGr

;KMk j?. T[dkjoD ti'I, roGtsh n"osK

dh d/yo/y eofdnK n;hI ]{B dh ewh dk

;kjwDk nkw eod/ jK. fJ; ~ t/yfdnK

n;hI fJBQK n"osK ~ fiE/ f;js ftGkr

tb'I gqdkB ehshnK iKdhnK nkfJoB ns/

c'fbe n?f;v dhnK r'bhnK ykD bJh

fdzd/ jK T[E/ nkfJoB ;p}hnK, cb ns/

j'o y[oke ykD dh ;bkj th fdzd/ jK.

go ;kvh fJj ;bkj ;wki d/ rohp

torK bJh o;wh jh j[zdh j? feT[Ife T[BQK

d/ nkofEe jkbks d/ wZd/B}o fJj rZb

;k~ gfjbK jh gsk j[zdh j? fe nfijh

y[oke jk;b eoBk fJBQK b'eK d/ tZ; dh

rZb BjhI. fJ; sZE d/ pkti{d, n;hI

nkgDhnK B/e ;bkjK dh o;w g{oh eod/

ofjzd/ jK. fJj sZE th fXnkB ftu oZyD

tkbk j? fe f;js ftGkr e'b d/yo/y ns/

fJbki bJh nkw s"o s/ rohp ns/

j/mbk wZX tor jh gj[zu eodk j?. T[u

tor ns/ nwho torK d/ b'e nkw s"o

s/ wfjzr/ fBZih j;gskbK ~ gfjb fdzd/

jB. fJ; fdqFNh s'I ;oekoh ns/ iBse

f;js ;/tktK dh wjZssk n;b ftu g/Iv{

ns/ Ffjoh rohpK ns/ gqtk;h nkpkdh

tk;s/ jh j?.

fit/I gfjbK ftukfonk frnk j? fe

;w[ZuhnK f;js ;/tktK ~ ;jh o{g ftu

bkr{ eoB bJh ;wki dh nkofEesk,

;fGnkukoe ;'Mh ns/ ftZfdnk dk fJe

n";sB gZXo jk;b eoBk pj[s }o{oh

j?. fJ; dh nDj'Id ftu ;oekoh f;js

gqki?eN ;jh soQK bkr{ BjhI ehs/ ik

;ed/. fJBQK gZyK dh nDj'Id ftu Bk sK

wB[Zyh nkpkdh nkgDh ;ohoe f;js ~

ekfJw oZyD d/ ekpb j[zdh j? ns/ Bk jh

T[BQK e'b nkgD/ wkBf;e ftek; bJh

b'VhIdh ftfdne$;fGnkukoe ;'Mh j[zdh

j?.

fXnkB d/D tkbk gZy fJj j?

fe ftfdne ns/ ;wkfie$;fGnkukoe

gSV/tK th f;js gq'rokwK ~ bkr{ eoB

d/ okj ftu T[Bh jh tZvh o[ektN pDdk

j? fizBh tZvh o[ektN nkofEe ;kXBK dk

Bk j'Dk j?. brksko tXdh wfjzrkJh

fgfgfgfgfg


ekoB fJj ekoi j'o n"y/ j[zd/ ik oj/

jB.

T[go'es ;zdoG ftu e[M xNBktK

dk f}eo eoBk tkip j??. id'I n;hI T[u

wZXtorh ns/ nwho xoK ftu gfotko

fB:'iB iK j'o gq'rokwK dh ikDekoh d/D

bJh iKd/ jK sK T[j b'e nfijh ikDekoh

~ c}{b ;wMd/ jB ns/ eJh tko sK

dotk}k y'bQDk th w[Bk;p BjhI ;wMd/.

fJ; d/ T[bN id'I rohp xoK iK gqtk;h

nkpkdh ftu iKd/ jK sK pj[sh tko T[j

nkgDh ;hws ftZfdne ;'Mh ekoB fJBQK

gq'rokwK ~ ngDkT[D s'I nkBkekBh eod/

jB iK T[BQK dh nkofEe-;wkfie jkbs

fJBQK d/ okj ftu o[ektN pD iKdh j?.

nkw s"o s/ t/fynk frnk j? fe gVQ/-fby/

ns/ nwho w[;bwkBK d/ w[ekpb/ rohp

ns/ nBgVQ w[;bwkB nkpkdh gfotko

fB:'iB ;kXBK ~ ngDkT[D ftu f}nkdk

fMie fdykT[Idh j?.

fJzi t/yd/ jK fe e/Ido ;oeko, oki

;oeko ns/ ftFt p?Ie tb'I ;gK;o f;js

gq'rokwK$gqki?eNK ~ ngDkT[D iK BkekoB

d/ wkwb/ ftu nkpkdh d/ tZy-tZy fjZ;/

tZy'-tZyo/ gqfseow gqrN eod/ jB. fJBQK

gqfseowK ~ pkoheh Bkb ;wM e/ jh ;k~

nkgD/ GftZy d/ gq'rokw$gqki?eN T[bheD/

ukjhd/ jB. n;hI nkgD/ tZy-tZy gq'rokwK$

gqki?eNK dh gj[zu nkpkdh d/ fe; ro[g

se eoBh j? ns/ ;kvk Nhuk ;wkfie

ro[g fejVk j?, fJ; gk;/ tZb ek\h

fXnkB fds/ ikD dh b'V j?. ;wkfie

nkofEe ns/ ftZfdne s"o s/ ;wki ftu

tZy-tZy gZXo #s/ ftuoB tkb/ b'eK ftu

s[;hI fJe;ko gq'rokw fsnko eoe/ T[BQK

~ j{-p-j{ ;cbsk Bkb bkr{ BjhI eo

;ed/. w;bB, gfotko fB:'iB d/ gq'rokwK

~ bkr{ eoB dh b'V rohp spfenK

ftu tX/o/ j?. go fJBQK ~ ngDkT[D ns/

;wMD dh ftZfdne :'rsk th T[BQK d/

e'b j'Dh ukjhdh j?. go fJ; d/ T[bN

T[u wZX torh ns/ nwho b'eK bJh

fJBQK gq'rokwK dh e'Jh wjZssk BjhI j[zdh.

T[j fJBQK pko/ gfjbK jh ;[u/s j[zd/ jB.

fJ; bJh ftfdne, ;wkfie,

;fGnkukoe, nkofEe ns/ Xkofwe fdqFNh

s'I nkpkdh d/ tZy-tZy spfenK ~ fXnkB

ftu oZy e/ tZy'-tZyo/ ns/ ftF/F f;js

GbkJh g'rokw th fsnko ehs/ ik ;ed/

jB. tZy-tZy gq'rokwK ;zpzXh gquko ;wZroh

fsnko eofdnK fJBQK gZyK ~ ]k; s"o s/

fXnkB ftu oZfynk ikDk ukjhdk j?.

nfijh Bhsh Bk f;o\ ;w{fje nkpkdh

se ;kv/ f;js gq'rokwK dh gj[zu ~

;kofEe pDkJ/rh, ;r'I fJ; Bkb nkpkdh

d/ b'Vtzd spfenK se gj[zu eoBh th

ukj[zd/. fJ; dk wsbp j[D fJe B?Ntoe

;/tktK gqdksk T[BQK rkjeK ~ jh soihj

d/t/rk i' fJzNoB?N dh tos'I bJh f}nkdk

g?;/ youD tk;s/ fsnko jB.

go, B?N-fBogZysk d/ ftuko dh

d[BhnK Go ftu tZvh ;thfeqsh j? ns/

pj[s ;ko/ d/FK tb'I fJ; pko/ ek~B th

pDkJ/ rJ/ jB. T[dkjoD bJh, fuZbh

fJj ek~B pDkT[D tkbk gfjbk d/F j?

i' B?Ntoe ;/tktK gqdksk ~ ftseo/pk}h

eoB, fe;/ th tos'Ieko tb'I fJzNoB?N #s/

;wZroh G/iD, gqkgs eoB, ;wZroh ;KMh

eoB #s/ gkpzdh bkT[D iK o[ektN g?dk

eoB s'I o'edk j?. v?Bwkoe ftu fJe

ek~B w"i{d j? i' B?Ntoe ;/tktK gqdksk

~ tos'IekoK e'b'I g?;/ b?D, t?p;kJhN ftu

o[ektN g?dk eoB iK Xhw/ eoB #s/

gkpzdh bkT[Idk j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh,

B?Ntoe ;/tktK gqdksk tb'I v/Nk dh

;[oZfynk bJh tos'Ieko d/ ezfgT{No #s/

e[eh} ;Ekgs eoB s'I gfjbK tos'Ieko

dh ;fjwsh b?Dk }o{oh j?. toswkB

;w/I, Gkos ftu fBogZysk bkr{ eoB bJh

e'Jh ek~B BjhI. Gkt/I, Nh nko J/ nkJh

J/ehfeqs dkybk ;/tktK dk bkfJ;z; d/D

;w/I nkgD/ fdFk-fBod/F ftu |?o-

ftseo/pk}h d/ f;XKs dh jkwh Godh j?,

go fJ; ~ ;ysh Bkb bkr{ eoB dk

e'Jh gqpzX BjhI j?. ;{uBk d/ nfXeko

ftu B?N-fBogZysk dh ;[oZfynk pko/ e'Jh

gqpzX BjhI j? fi; dh fe;/ B?Ntoe

;/tktK gqdksk tb'I tgkoe iK d{i/ ekoBK

eoe/ T[bzxDk ehsh ik ;edh j?.


nk;kB j' ikt/rh. fJ; d/ Bkb-Bkb ;k~

nkgD/ ;wki d/ n";s nkofEe, ftfdne

ns/ ;fGnkukoe gZXo ~ T[uk u[ZeDk

j't/rk.

(b/fyek f;js ftGkr, gzikp Bkb ;zpzfXs

j?.)


ftukoftukoftukoftukoftuko

• f;js ;G s'I tZvh ;zgsh j?. (n?wo;B)

• ;oho ~ d[opb s/ phwko oZyD s'I tZX

j'o e'Jh gkg BjhI j?.

(b'ewkfBnk fsbe)

• f;js jh ;kvh n;bh s/ ;Zuh fwZso j?.

(nBkwh)

• d/j no'rsk JhFto tb'I fwfbnk todkB

j?. (ejkts)

• f;js p|?o wB[Zy ftnoE jh j?.(ejkts)

• f;js dh ;zGkb ;k~ nkg eoBh ukjhdh

j?. (ejkts)

• fJbki eoB tkb/ wB dh no'rsk dk

fJbki ehs/ fpBK ;oho ~ ;t;E eoB

dk isB eod/ jB id'I fe wB s/ ;oho

fJZe' jh jB. (ncbks{B)

• j;w[Zy fujok o'rh bJh UBk jh uzrk j?fizBh ;t;E j'D dh ekwBk. (co?IefbB)

• o[Zy nkgD/ f;o T[s/ rowh ;jko b?Idk

j?, gozs{ nkgDh SK okjhI j'oBK ~ rowh

s'I pukT[Idk j?.

• c[Zb bZrD #s/ o[Zy M[e iKd/ jB. XBtkB

j' ikD Bkb ;ZiD g[oy th Bow fdb

pD/ ofjzd/ jB.

(ekbh dk;)


g[;se gVu'bg[;se gVu'bg[;se gVu'bg[;se gVu'bg[;se gVu'b

g[;seg[;seg[;seg[;seg[;se LLLLL ek\bk jo\K dkek\bk jo\K dkek\bk jo\K dkek\bk jo\K dkek\bk jo\K dk

(eftsk ;zrqfj)(eftsk ;zrqfj)(eftsk ;zrqfj)(eftsk ;zrqfj)(eftsk ;zrqfj)

b/ye L pbtzs f;zx ;B/jhb/ye L pbtzs f;zx ;B/jhb/ye L pbtzs f;zx ;B/jhb/ye L pbtzs f;zx ;B/jhb/ye L pbtzs f;zx ;B/jh

gqekFegqekFegqekFegqekFegqekFe LLLLL pqjwkBzd w?w'ohnb NoZ;N, pqjwkBzd w?w'ohnb NoZ;N, pqjwkBzd w?w'ohnb NoZ;N, pqjwkBzd w?w'ohnb NoZ;N, pqjwkBzd w?w'ohnb NoZ;N,

o{gBro, gzikp.o{gBro, gzikp.o{gBro, gzikp.o{gBro, gzikp.o{gBro, gzikp.

gzB/ L 112, w[Zb L 150 o[gJ/gzB/ L 112, w[Zb L 150 o[gJ/gzB/ L 112, w[Zb L 150 o[gJ/gzB/ L 112, w[Zb L 150 o[gJ/gzB/ L 112, w[Zb L 150 o[gJ/

@ek\bk jo\K# dk pbtzs f;zx

;B/jh dk gfjbk ekft ;zrqfj j?. fJ; s'I

gfjbK T[; dhnK eftsktK, ejkDhnK s/

|}bK tZy-tZy o;kfbnK ftu Sg u[ZehnK

jB. ;B/jh ~ jo\K d/ ek\b/ pZMD dk

j[Bo T[BQK d/ fgsk s'I ftok;s ftu

fwfbnk j? i' y[d eth ;B. eth wB

pugB s'I i' ;'udk, t/ydk, ;wMdk,

wfj;{;dk s/ b'udk j?, T[jh T[j ek|}

#s/ fJe b?n ftu T[e/o fdzdk j? sK

eftsk dk iBw j' iKdk j?. ][Fh, |w,

nkFk, fBokFk, fpojk, fJeZbsk, }o{os,

i}pk s/ ebgBk nkfd eth ~ eftsk

fbyD tkb/ gk;/ f}nkdk gq/od/ jB.

fgSb/oh T[wo ftu fbfynk fJj

ekft ;zrqfj eth dh ;koh T[wo d/

nB[GtK dk fBu'V j?. f}zdrh d/ jo

gfjb{ ~ eth B/ pV/ jh ebkswe nzdk}

ftu g/F ehsk j?. toswkB ;w/I dk

FkfJd jh e'Jh nfijk gfjb{ j't/rk i'

eth dh ebgBk s'I tKMk ofj frnk

j't/. ;B/jh B/ G{s, GftZy s/ toswkB,

nfXnksw, wkBtsktkdh s/ ;wkitkdh gZy

~ nkgDhnK eftsktK ftu pV/ jh ;[uZi/

Yzr Bkb g/F ehsk j?. wK p'bh #s/ eth

dh pVh v{zxh geV j?. eth B/ nZi

;[brd/ j'J/ jo w[Zd/ ~ jo\K dk ikwk

g[nkfJnk j?.

d/F dh tzv, okiBhsh, n"osK dh

p/gsh, BF/ dh nzBQh tos'I, nBgVQsk,

Go{D jZfsnk, pkb ftnkj, foFfsnK dh

wjZssk, ftnkjK #s/ \}{b youh, ew}'o

nkofEesk, rohph, wfjzrkJh, fGqFNkuko

nkfd #s/ nkgDh ebw okjhI jo\K ~

b?npZX ehsk j? i' fe fJe Fbkxk:'r

ekoi j?. wK, G?D, Gok, fgT[, g[Zso,

ukuh, skJh, G{nk, B{zj-;Z;, BDkB-GikJh,

r[nKYh se jo foFs/ ~ pV/ jh ebkswe

Yzr Bkb jo\pZX ehsk j?. oZp, gzSh,

pZu/, shi fsUjko, w";w, y/s, o[Zy, gq/w,

fpqjk se ~ ekft ikwk gfjBkfJnk frnk

j?. wK p'bh gzikph ~ eth B/ fJzi wkD

p]fFnk j? L

fJj p'bh e'Jh rztko{ BjhI,

fJj sK j? T[u feodkoK dh.

fJj p'bh ;zsK ghoK dh,

fJj p'bh j? ntskoK dh.

fJj p'bh pkp/ BkBe dh,

cohd ghb{, ekdo:koK dh.

fJj p'bh nzfwqsk gqhsw dh,

iK fFt fij/ |wykoK dh.

@ek\bk jo\K dk# g[;se ftu ftnzr

Gog{o eftsktK th Fkfwb jB, fit/I @Xh#

f;ob/y j/m fbyh eftsk L

g[Zs i/eo w?I j'Itdh,

w/oh j'o j'Dh ;h sedho.

izwD s/ wkg/ w/o/,

oZi oZi yKd/ yho.

wko e/ fYZvhI w[ZehnK,

Bk o'Idk w/ok pkg.

fibQs Go/ ihtB dk,

Bk G'rdh wK ;zskg.

fJ;/ soQK, tzB-;[tzB/ d/;h foFfsnK

d/ nzrq/}h ftu f;o\ nzeb, nKNh se

;[zrV e/ ofj ikD #s/ ftnzr ehsk frnk

j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh eth ;dGktBk,

wkBtsk, FfjBFhbsk, d/F Grsh, ;[Xkotkd,

G"fse ;ZfGnkuko, ;wkfie e[ohshnK s/

T{DskJhnK, fGqFNkuko, nB?fse, ;wkfie

gsB, nkdoFjhDsk, nzsow[ysk, n;kt/I

nkofEe gqpzX, foFfsnK d/ xkD, bVehnK

d/ jZe, Go{D jZfsnk s/ spkj j' ojhnK

;wkfie edoK-ehwsK pko/ fuzss B}o

nkT[Idk j?. g/Iv{ wkj"b ftu ;zxoF g{oB

f}zdrh fiT[Id/ j'J/ eth B/ fi; gZXo dh

eftsk ouh j?, T[j ;bkj[D :'r j?.

gzikp, gzikphns, nfXnkswe, gqfeosh

fusoB, eqKsh, fgnko s/ Bkoh u/sBk eth

d/ wB g;zd ftF/ gqshs j[zd/ jB. g[;se

dh ;ob s/ m/m gzikph ftu ouh eftsk,

ftdtkB s/ ;kXkoB gkme ~ fJe'

fizBh fFZds Bkb nkgD/ tb nkeofFs

eodh j?. nk; j? fe gkme ;B/jh dh

fJ; gfjbh g[;se dk g[o}'o ;tkrs

eoBr/.

- ;opihs e"o

(gzikph)(gzikph)(gzikph)(gzikph)(gzikph)

d/ nrb/ nzed/ nrb/ nzed/ nrb/ nzed/ nrb/ nzed/ nrb/ nze

• nes{po 2014 - fJj nze nes{po 2014 - fJj nze nes{po 2014 - fJj nze nes{po 2014 - fJj nze nes{po 2014 - fJj nze n;zrfms y/so n;zrfms y/so n;zrfms y/so n;zrfms y/so n;zrfms y/so T[`s/ e/Idfos j't/rk.T[`s/ e/Idfos j't/rk.T[`s/ e/Idfos j't/rk.T[`s/ e/Idfos j't/rk.T[`s/ e/Idfos j't/rk.

• Btzpo 2014 - fJj nze Btzpo 2014 - fJj nze Btzpo 2014 - fJj nze Btzpo 2014 - fJj nze Btzpo 2014 - fJj nze seBkb'ih, BthBheoB s/ frnkB nkofEeskseBkb'ih, BthBheoB s/ frnkB nkofEeskseBkb'ih, BthBheoB s/ frnkB nkofEeskseBkb'ih, BthBheoB s/ frnkB nkofEeskseBkb'ih, BthBheoB s/ frnkB nkofEesk

T[`s/ e/Idfos j't/rk.T[`s/ e/Idfos j't/rk.T[`s/ e/Idfos j't/rk.T[`s/ e/Idfos j't/rk.T[`s/ e/Idfos j't/rk.

:'iBk (gzikph) dhnK uzdk doK:'iBk (gzikph) dhnK uzdk doK:'iBk (gzikph) dhnK uzdk doK:'iBk (gzikph) dhnK uzdk doK:'iBk (gzikph) dhnK uzdk doK

fJe ;kb L fJe ;kb L fJe ;kb L fJe ;kb L fJe ;kb L `100, d' ;kb L 100, d' ;kb L 100, d' ;kb L 100, d' ;kb L 100, d' ;kb L `180, fszB ;kb L 180, fszB ;kb L 180, fszB ;kb L 180, fszB ;kb L 180, fszB ;kb L `250250250250250

;koe d/FK bJh ;kbkBk ;koe d/FK bJh ;kbkBk ;koe d/FK bJh ;kbkBk ;koe d/FK bJh ;kbkBk ;koe d/FK bJh ;kbkBk `530,530,530,530,530,

:{og s/ j'o d/FK bJh ;kbkBk :{og s/ j'o d/FK bJh ;kbkBk :{og s/ j'o d/FK bJh ;kbkBk :{og s/ j'o d/FK bJh ;kbkBk :{og s/ j'o d/FK bJh ;kbkBk `730730730730730

Yojna Punjabi (September 2014) - Yojana · Yojna Punjabi (September 2014) - Yojana ... 2014 ...

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