T HYROID DISORDERS By Isabel Stephan and Olga Erokhina.
-
Upload
paula-melton -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
0
Transcript of T HYROID DISORDERS By Isabel Stephan and Olga Erokhina.
THYROID DISORDERS
By Isabel Stephan and Olga Erokhina
CAUSESHyperthyroidism- Grave's disease- Toxic adenoma, toxic multinodular goitre
(Plummer's disease) - Thyroiditis → stored hormones released into
blood stream (Postpartum thyroiditis)- Excess Iodine
CAUSESHypothyroidism: - Autoimmune diseases (Hashimoto's thyroiditis)- Iodine deficiency- Different treatments: thyroid surgery, radiation
therapy against cancer, medications (e.g. lithium, amiodarone, interferons), treatment of hyperthyroidism
- Congenital diseases - Euthyroid sick syndrome- Pituitary disorder - Thyroid hormone resistance
Symptoms
Goitre
COMPLICATIONS
Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism
- Heart problems - Osteoporosis - Thyrotoxic crisis
(thyroid storm) : sudden worsening of symptoms → fever, delirium, fast/irregular heart beat
- Myxedema: low blood pressure, decreased breathing/body temperature, coma
- Heart problems- Peripheral neuropathy- Infertility - Birth defects → impaired
physical and mental growth: Cretinism
DIAGNOSIS
TSH FREE T4FREE OR TOTAL T3
PROBABLE INTERPRETATION
High Normal Normal Mild (subclinical) hypothyroidism
High Low Low or normal Hypothyroidism
Low Normal Normal Mild (subclinical) hyperthyroidism
Low High or normal High or normal Hyperthyroidism
Low Low or normal Low or normal Non-thyroidal illness; pituitary (secondary) hypothyroidism
Normal High High Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (a mutation in the thyroid hormone receptor decreases thyroid hormone function)
EPIDEMIOLOGY
- Iodine deficiency
- Iodine replete areas
- Factors: mountains, soil, goitrogenic plants, selenium deficiency
EPIDEMIOLOGY- Autoimmune thyroid disease: same frequency
in Caucasians, Hispanics, Asians lower African Americans
- All occur more frequently in women than in men- Autoimmune in people aged 20-40 years- The frequency of goiters decrease with age- Toxic multinodular goiters increase with age - Down and Turner syndromes
TREATMENT
Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism
Suppression of function- Radioactive iodine- Anti-thyroid
medication (propylthiouracil and methimazole)
- Beta blockers- Surgery and
treatment with levothyroxine
Hormonal treatment- Levothyroxine (Levothroid, Synthroid, others)
PREVENTION
- No known way in developed countries
- Iodine supplements in developing countries
- Avoiding radiation, “thyroid shield”
SOURCES http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121865-overview#a6 http://www.ijem.in/article.asp?issn=2230-
8210;year=2011;volume=15;issue=6;spage=82;epage=88;aulast=Ogbera http://www.webmd.com/women/understanding-thyroid-problems-treatment?page=3 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothyroidism/basics/treatment/con-
20021179 http://www.emedicinehealth.com/thyroid_problems/page16_em.htm
http://renegadehealth.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Table-1.jpg https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-HealthProfessional/
http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/99/1/39.long http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothyroidism/basics/
complications/con-20021179 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperthyroidism/basics/
complications/con-20020986 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothyroidism https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_disease http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Thyroid-under-active/Pages/Symptoms.aspx https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/tsh/tab/test https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/thyroiddiseases.html#cat5 http://www.thyroid.ca/thyroid_gland.php