Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 1 Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante.
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Transcript of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 1 Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
1Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
2Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- A multisystem disease of autoimmune origin. It is a complex disorder of multifactorial origin resulting from interactions among genetic, hormonal, environmental and immunologic factors.
3Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common form of lupus. "Systemic" means it can affect several parts of the body. A subtype of SLE is drug-induced lupus. Some medications uncommonly used for high blood pressure, heart disease and tuberculosis can cause this condition.
4Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
SLE affects:
5Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
Signs and Symptoms
• skin rash• pain and swelling in
joints• muscle aches• fatigue• weight loss• hair loss• loss of appetite
6Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
• lesions over the bridge of the nose and cheeks, and sometimes on the scalp. Lesions dry into scales that fall off the body, leaving scars (DLE only)
• Raynaud's syndrome (a condition in which a sudden, severe reduction in blood flow causes fingers to turn waxy, white and blue and painfully cold)
7Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
8Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
1. It is unknown; affects the connective tissue and is thought to be due to a defect in the body’s immunologic mechanisms, genetic predisposition, or environmental stimuli.
2. Immune complex deposits in blood vessels, among collagen fibers, and on organs.
Etiology and Pathophysiology
9Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
3. Necrosis of the glomerular capillaries, inflammatory of the cerebral and ocular blood vessels, necrosis of the lymph nodes, vasculitis of the GI tract and pleura, and degeneration of the basal layer of the skin.
4. More common in females aged 13-40 years.
10Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
Therapeutic Interventions
Corticosteroids and analgesic to reduce pain and inflammation.
Supportive therapy as the major organ become affected (heart, kidneys, CNS, GI tract).
11Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
Diagnostic Tests
History and physical examination Antibodies
Anti-DNA antibodyAnti-Sm antibody Antinuclear antibody (ANA)Complete Blood Cell CountLE cell prep.UrinalysisX-ray of affected jointsChest x-rayECG to determine extra articular involvement
12Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
Treatment
Treatments may include: rest exercise physical therapy for muscle weakness avoiding sun exposure medications such as: anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin
for symptomatic relief
13Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
corticosteroid drugs such as prednisolone for inflammation
antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine phosphate or hydroxychloroquine for rashes, arthritis and malaise
immunosuppressive and cytotoxic drugs such as Immuran (azathioprine) and Cytoxan (cycyclophosphamide) are prescribed with vital organs are involved and/or corticosteroids aren't effective
14Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
Surgery is not used to treat mild or moderate symptoms of lupus(systemic lupus erythematosus, or SLE). Surgery may be considered for people with lupus who have permanent, life-threatening kidney damage. A kidney transplant or kidney dialysis may be done instead of continuing long-term treatment with high doses of medicines that have serious side effects.
Surgery
15Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
If kidney disease from lupus does not respond to high-dose corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive medicines, kidney dialysis or transplant are reasonable options.
For unknown reasons, overall lupus disease activity is often less severe during dialysis and after kidney transplant.
16Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
Nursing Interventions
• Minimize fatigue• Maintain weight at optimal range.• Teach the patient to recognize fever and
signs and symptoms of infection.• Assist the patient in adjusting to physical
and lifestyle changes• Recognize the signs and symptoms of
depression and initiate a plan of care.
17Presented by: J. Yeban & A. Arante
Sources:Brunner and Suddarth’s textbook of: Medical
Surgical Nursing (volume 2)Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-
2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
http://www.medicinenet.com/systemic_lupus/article.htm
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Presented by: Jay-Ann M. Yeban
Arjo M. Arante