System R&D on Multi-Standard RF Transceiver for 3G and beyond Advanced System Technology.
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Transcript of System R&D on Multi-Standard RF Transceiver for 3G and beyond Advanced System Technology.
System R&D on Multi-Standard RF Transceiver for 3G and beyond
Advanced System Technology
2
Advanced System Technology
Overview• Radio front end for 3G wireless terminals and beyond :
driving aspects , re-configurable RF front end , technology
• Multimode receiver architecture :- key aspects of the receiver and architecture - research technology areas
• Multimode transmit chain : - key aspects of the transmit chain- research technology areas
• Summary
3
Advanced System Technology
THE PATH TOWARD 4G (Europe)
GSM 900MHzDCS 1800MHzPCS 1900MHz
200 KHzGMSK9.6kbps
GPRS
200 KHzGMSK multislot115kbps
EDGE
200 KHz8PSK384kbps
WCDMA FDD 1.9-2.2GHz
5MHzHPSK384kbps/2Mbps
2G 2.5G
3G
3.5G
WCDMATDD 2Mbps
HSDPA 10Mbps
4G
MCCDMA 100Mbps
?
WLAN 802.11b 2.4GHz
20MHzDSSS11Mbps
20MHzOFDM54Mbps
WLAN 802.11a 5GHz
20MHzOFDM54Mbps
HIPERLAN2 5GHz
4
Advanced System Technology
MULTIMODE 3G TERMINALS
Future wireless terminals will have to be multimode , multi-bands and able to do handover between multiple standards
3 key aspects of the RF transceiver : Low cost : component count Low power consumption for battery life enhancement Performance to enable high data rates and high sensitivity
-transceiver architecture-Passive comp.integration-Technology partitionning
-Power amplifier system-Technology partitionning
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Advanced System Technology
Transceiver component count and board area
GSMMonobandComp.
GSMDualbandComp.
Dualband Dualmode Comp.
GSMBoard area mm2
1992 450 - - 4000
1995 240 - - 2500
1998 150 210 - 1000
2001 85 100 200 500
2005 60 75 100 300
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Advanced System Technology
The handover issue• Simultaneous reception in multiple standards or
discontinuous reception (compressed mode) ?• Simultaneous reception main drawback : parallel
transceivers for the different standards have to be implemented in the same phone
cost and battery life are affected• Discontinuous reception : allows use of
reconfigurable architectures (lower cost and longer battery life) but effect of discontinuous connection of the mobile on the network operation is not clear
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Advanced System Technology
3G Multimode Terminal
GSM/DCSRF RECEIVER
GSM/DCSDUAL PA
GSM/DCS RXANALOGBASEBAND
GSM/DCSRF AND BB TX
GSM/DCSSYNTHESIZER
WCDMARF RECEIVER
WCDMA PA
WCDMAANALOGBASEBAND
WCDMARF AND BB TX
WCDMASYNTHESIZER
GSM / DCS
DIGITAL BASEBAND
WCDMA
DIGITAL BASEBAND
VOICE
CODEC
AND
AUDIO
Safe approach but bulky and high cost
The ‘velcro’ solution : duplication of physical layers
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Advanced System Technology
WCDMA FDD CHIP SET REFENCE DESIGNW -C D M A RF Block diagram
Q D e m
2
PA 2
ISO
P P A
QM OD
V GA IF TXIFBPF
U P C ON V
BPF 1B P F 2
SW ITC H
LNA DW NCO NV
R F B PF
B aseB and
V GA IF R X
IFBPF
+V CC
D U P
CPL
P A
+
_
+
_
+
_ _
+
_
+
_
2
V C X O
760 MH z
2330 +/- 30M H z
Matching
Loop f ilters and resonant c ircuitintegration related to PLL f requency
} I
} Q
C1 L1C2
C3
L2
C5
L3
C4
+V CC
C6 C7
L1 1
L5
L4
C9C8
C1 0 C1 1
C1 2 C1 3
C1 4
C1 5
C1 6
C1 7
L9
L7
L8
L6
L4
C1 8 C1 9L1 0
2
2Hi/Low Linearity
H i/Low Gain
Gain Control
} Q
} I
Gain Control
Gain Control
C H IP 1
C H IP 2
C H IP 3
1/2 C H IP 4
1/2 C H IP 4
L1 2
Div id er
Div id er
Matching
L1 3
2
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Advanced System Technology
3G Reconfigurable Terminal
GSM / DCS
WCDMA
DIGITAL BASEBAND
VOICE
CODEC
AND
AUDIO
RECEIVERRF FRONT END:band select , LNA,down conversion
ANALOG BB :channel filter , AGC ADC
ANALOG BBDAC , filters , mixer , AGC
PROGRAMMABLESYNTHESIZERS
POWER AMPLIFIERS
+CONTROL
MODE SELECT
PROG
PROG
MODE SELECTPOWER CONTROL
UPConv.
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Advanced System Technology
3G multimode system approach
• Architecture : global considerations of RF system to achieve good balance between performance and current consumption.– Receiver : from antenna to ADC converter & Digital
Filtering– Transmit : consider the power amplifier in the global
definition of the transmit chain
• Design and implementation :co-design with different technologies (ICs , passives , MEMS ) should allow optimum power consumption : requires CAD tools ; characterization ; models with parasitic effects
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Advanced System Technology
multimode enabling technologies• Semiconductor :
- deep submicron CMOS for reconfigurable functions such as analog BB , analog filters ,synthesizers , digital filters and future combination with digital BB functions- SiGe for high sensitivity (low noise with optimum power consumption) high linearity RF front end functions .- Mix of technologies inside modules for power amplification : GaAs HBT for high linearity standards , LDMOS for low cost /low linearity modulations , CMOS for linearisation functions
• Passives : high Q passive components for integration in ICs or on dedicated technologies to reduce the radio bill of material .
• RF filters :Small selective RF filters for multimode receivers covering .9 to 5GHz with low losses (FBAR?)
• MEMs : mems switches if they have low cost , reliability , low actuation voltage could simplify the architecture of multimode radios .
• Antennas : small and integrated antennas will be mandatory for future MIMO architectures
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Advanced System Technology
RECEIVE PATH KEY ASPECTS
• Re-configurable receiver has to be compatible with the multi-standard handover issue• Receiver architecture and technology partitioning has to address high sensitivity
requirements (-117dBm in UMTS)• Receiver architecture and basic blocks performances have to be compatible with
multiple bands and both TDD and FDD access• Frequency Synthesizers have to be fast for handover issue and cover multiple bands
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Advanced System Technology
Multimode direct conversion receiver for mobile terminal
LNAWCDMABAND
SELECT
FROMANTENNA
WCDMABAND
SELECT
LNADCS
BANDSELECT
FROMANTENNA
LNAGSMBAND
SELECT
FROMANTENNA
ADC
ADC
AGCVCO RF0/90°
I/QDEMOD
CHANNELSELECT
I TOBASEBAND
Q TOBASEBAND
PROG
RF=LO0
RF=LO
WCDMA GSM
DC offsetcancel
DC offsetcancel
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Advanced System Technology
RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY AREAS
• Architectures for re-configurable multi-band receivers : ZIF requires re-configurable analog baseband Ips (filters , ADCs,…) in deep sub-micron CMOS
• Fast lock-time multi-band synthesizers with integrated VCOs• RF filters to replace SAW • MEMs configuration switches with low actuation voltages• What about RF band-pass sampling in a far future ?
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Advanced System Technology
TRANSMIT PATH KEY ASPECTS
• The transmit path has to up-convert and amplify signal with constant (GMSK)or variable envelops (WCDMA, EDGE)
TX architecture has to be compatible with both types of modulation • The RF power amplifier is the biggest contributor on battery life of
the whole radio
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Advanced System Technology
WCDMA Power Amplifier Output Power
RFMD 2161 (Vsupply = +3.4 V, Vmode = 0 V)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
21161161-4-9-14-19-24-29-34-39-44-49
Pout @ antenna, in dBm
pd
f, in %
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
PA
E,
in %
POWER DISTRIBUTIONEFFICIENCY
POWER DISTRIBUTION OVER TIME :
There is a need for power efficiency in the 0dBm range and lower .The transceiver system has to be understood globally (baseband+RF+power amplifier ) for the best use of different technologies (linearisation , power management , amplification ,…)
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Advanced System Technology
RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY AREAS
• Transmit path architectures : find architectures for multi-bands , multiple types of modulations and OFDM in the future . Direct conversion , polar modulations ,…
• Linearisation techniques to enhance the efficiency of RF power amplifiers • What about mems for reconfigurable matching networks inside power
amplifiers ?
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Advanced System Technology
SUMMARY• The trend is to re-configurable radio front-ends for multiple reasons : multi-standard , cost , small form
factors , MIMO , future ‘ubiquitos systems ‘• The transceiver has to be considered globally from antenna to digital baseband and use multiple
technologies in a power conscious co-design • Some key functions : re-configurable analog and mixed blocks in deep sub-micron CMOS , low-noise/low
power SiGe blocks for high sensitivity front-ends• Techniques for efficient RF power amplification will be mandatory to save battery life • New technologies like MEMS , FBAR could play significant role if mature