System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
Transcript of System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
1/82
j
Jkh`p`kh`kt Pkjv`rsjty, Dbkgcbh`sn
Ytuhy ak Yyst`o Vrat`itjak bkh Ps`s ae Ywjting`br
H`vji`s jk H@YIA
Bk ukh`rgrbhubt` jkt`rksnjp r`part sudojtt`h dy
Oh. Kuruc Bzjo Dnujybk
JH= 6:46484
Jk iaksjh`rbtjak ae pbrtjbc eucejcco`kt ae tn` r`qujr`o`kt ear tn` h`gr`` ae
DBIN@CAT AE YIJ@KI@
@C@IXTJIBC BKH @C@IXTAKJI @KGJK@@TJKG
H`pbrto`kt ae @c`itrjibc bkh @c`itrakji @kgjk``rjkg
Butuok 4629
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
2/82
jj
Ytuhy ak Yyst`o Vrat`itjak bkh Ps`s ae Ywjting`br H`vji`s jk
H@YIA
Bk ukh`rgrbhubt` jkt`rksnjp r`part sudojtt`h dy
Oh. Kuruc Bzjo Dnujybk
JH= 6:46484
Nbs d``k bpprav`h ak H`i`od`r 26, 4629
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
Hr. B L O Dblj
Bssjstbkt Vrae`ssar
H`pbrto`kt ae @c`itrjibc bkh @c`itrakji @kgjk``rjkg
Yinaac ae @kgjk``rjkg bkh Iaoput`r Yij`ki`
Jkh`p`kh`kt Pkjv`rsjty, Dbkgcbh`sn
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
3/82
jjj
BILKAWC@HG@O@KXY
J tbl` tnjs appartukjty ta `xpr`ss oy praeaukh grbtjtuh` bkh h``p r`gbrhs ta oy gujh` bkhbhvjsar Hr. B L O Dblj, Bssjstbkt Vrae`ssar, H`pbrto`kt ae @c`itrjibc bkh @c`itrakji
@kgjk``rjkg, Yinaac ae @kgjk``rjkg bkh Iaoput`r Yij`ki` (Y@IY), Jkh`p`kh`kt Pkjv`rsjty,
Dbkgcbh`sn (JPD), ear njs `x`opcbry gujhbki`, oakjtarjkg bkh iakstbkt `kiaurbg`o`kt
tnraugnaut tn` iaurs` ae tnjs jkt`rksnjp. Xn` dc`ssjkgs, n`cps bkh gujhbki` gjv`k dy njo tjo` ta
tjo` snbcc ibrry o` b cakg wby jk tn` maurk`y ae cje` ak wnjin J bo bdaut ta `odbrl.
J bcsa tbl` tnjs appartukjty ta `xpr`ss b h``p s`ks` ae grbtjtuh` ta Or. Oh. Xbuejqu` Bdhuccbn,
H`puty G`k`rbc Obkbg`r, Nuobk T`sauri` & Obkbg`o`kt Hjvjsjak, @kgr. Gbzj Ynbnrjbr
Vbrv`z, Obkbg`r, Xrbjkjkg & H`v`capo`kt, H@YIA, ear tn`jr iarhjbc suppart, vbcubdc`
jkearobtjak bkh gujhbki`, wnjin n`cp`h o` jk iaopc`tjkg tnjs tbsl tnraugn vbrjaus stbg`s.
J bo adcjg`h ta stbee o`od`rs ae Pttbrb Yudstbtjak bkh Ojrpur Hjguk Yudstbtjak, ear tn`
vbcubdc` jkearobtjak pravjh`h dy tn`o jk tn`jr r`sp`itjv` ej`chs. J bo grbt`euc ear tn`jr
iaap`rbtjak hurjkg tn` p`rjah ae oy bssjgko`kt.
Cbstcy, J tnbkl Bcojgnty Bccbn, oy ebojcy bkh erj`khs ear tn`jr iakstbkt `kiaurbg`o`kt wjtnautwnjin tnjs bssjgko`kt wauch kat d` passjdc`.
Xn` Butnar
H`i`od`r, 4629
Hnblb Dbkgcbh`sn
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
4/82
jv
BDYXTBIX
Xn` prjkijpbc adm`itjv` ae tnjs pbp`r js ta h`oakstrbt` tn` `eejij`kiy ae `c`itrji paw`r
hjstrjdutjak ae Hnblb ijty, wnjin ruks tnraugn iakhuitjkg t`inkjibc bkh nug`cy iaoo`rijbc
ap`rbtjaks p`rearojkg dy Hnblb @c`itrji Yuppcy Iaopbky (H@YIA) Cjojt`h. Warch icbss
pcbkkjkg bkh `xp`rt prbitjijkg js tn` l`y ta r`c`bs` tnbt k`v`r-`khjkg pr`ssur` iakstbktcy iaojkg
erao tn` p`apc` ae tn` warchs 8tn
oast h`ks`cy papucbt`h ijty (2:887/lo4). X`inkjibccy,
H@YIA nbh ta d` sueejij`ktcy suii`sseuc, bs tn` prat`itjak ae tnjs nug` papucbtjak js tn` obmar
iaki`rk.
Vrat`itjv` bkh swjting`br h`vji`s br` tn` l`y bppr`n`ksjak ae tnjs stuhy, bs tn` sudstbtjaks br`
sjtubt`h jk tn` jopartbkt pbrts ae tn` ijty. Vrat`itjkg tn`o js bcwbys b inbcc`kg`, bs w`cc bs ta
`ksur` b iaktjkuaus suppcy ae `c`itrjijty iakstbktcy. Dut tn` h`obkh ear cabh js k`v`r iakstbkt.
Xn` sykinrakjsjkg syst`o ae cabh suppcy biiarhjkg ta tn` cabh h`obkh js bcsa b v`ry inbcc`kgjkg
mad wnjin nbs d``k drabhcy iav`r`h jk tnjs pbp`r.
Bcc hbtb jk tnjs r`part br` tn` icas` sudm`its ae tn` stuhy, sao` br` hjr`itcy iakk`it`h ta tn`
autcjk` bkh tn` atn`rs br` akcy tn` sudm`it ae r`vj`w.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
5/82
v
XBDC@ AE IAKX@KX
Bilkawc`hg`o`kt jjj
Bdstrbit jv
Cjst ae Ejgur`s xj
Cjst ae Xbdc`s xjjj
Cjst ae Inbrts xjv
Inbpt`r 62 Jktrahuitjak
2.2 Av`rvj`w 62
2.4 Vurpas` ae Ytuhy 64
2.9 Yiap` ae Ytuhy 64
2.8 O`tnahacagy 64
2.8.2 Vrjobry Yauri` 64
2.8.4 Y`iakhbry Yauri` 69
Inbpt`r 64 Vaw`r G`k`rbtjak, Xrbksojssjak & Hjstrjdutjak
4.2 Jktrahuitjak 68
4.4 Jopartbkt X`ros ae Vaw`r Yyst`o 68
4.4.2 T`sjstbki` 68
4.4.4 T`bc Vaw`r 604.4.9 T`bitjv` Vaw`r 60
4.4.8 Bppbr`kt Vaw`r 60
4.4.0 Vaw`r Ebitar 65
4.4.5 Vaw`r Ebitar Bkgc` 65
4.4.7 Yjgkjejibki` ae Vaw`r Ebitar 67
4.4.> Hjsbhvbktbg`s ae Caw Vaw`r Ebitar 67
4.4.: Vaw`r Ebitar Ppgrbhjkg 6>
4.4.26 Yurg` Uactbg` 6:
4.4.22 @c`itrjijty Iaksuo`r 6:
4.4.24 H`obkh Cabh 6:
4.4.29 Jkstbcc`h Ibpbijty 6:
4.4.28 @c`itrji @k`rgy O`bsurjkg Pkjt 26
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
6/82
vj
4.4.20 Yyst`o Cass 26
4.9 @c`itrji Vaw`r G`k`rbtjak 22
4.9.2 Icbssjejibtjak ae Vaw`r Vcbkt 22
4.9.2.2 Yt`bo Vaw`r Vcbkt 22
4.9.2.4 Hj`s`c Vaw`r Vcbkt 22
4.9.2.9 Kuic`br Vaw`r Vcbkt 22
4.9.2.8 Nyhra-@c`itrji Vaw`r Vcbkt 24
4.9.2.0 Gbs Xurdjk` Vaw`r Vcbkt 24
4.9.4 Vaw`r G`k`rbtjak jk Dbkgcbh`sn 24
4.8 Vaw`r Xrbksojssjak 29
4.8.2 Icbssjejibtjak ae Xrbksojssjak Cjk` 28
4.8.2.2 Av`rn`bh Xrbksojssjak Cjk` 28
4.8.2.2.2 Ynart Xrbksojssjak Cjk` 20
4.8.2.2.4 O`hjuo Xrbksojssjak Cjk` 25
4.8.2.2.9 Cakg Xrbksojssjak Cjk` 25
4.8.2.4 Pkh`rgraukh Xrbksojssjak Cjk` 25
4.8.2.9 Gbs Jksucbt`h Xrbksojssjak Cjk` (GJC) 27
4.0 Hjstrjdutjak ae @c`itrji Vaw`r 2>
Inbpt`r 69 Av`rvj`w ae Hnblb @c`itrji Yuppcy Iaopbky CXH (H@YIA)
9.2 Njstary ae Vaw`r Jkhustry jk Dbkgcbh`sn 46
9.2.2 Xn` D`gjkkjkg 46
9.2.4 @WBVHB, Gav`rko`kt Oakapacy 46
9.2.9 DVHD, Tbpjh H`v`capo`kt 42
9.2.8 T@D, Turbc H`v`capo`kt 42
9.2.0 H@YB, DVHDs T`cj`v` erao Hnblb 42
9.4 Hnblb @c`itrji Yuppcy Iaopbky CXH (H@YIA) 44
9.4.2 Obkpaw`r & T`irujto`kt 49
9.4.4 Iaoo`rijbc Ap`rbtjak 49
9.4.4.2 Xbrjee Y`ttjkg 499.4.4.4 Xbrjee Tbt` 499.4.4.9 Y`rvji` Gubrbkty 48
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
7/82
vjj
9.4.9 Ujsjak & Ojssjak 45
9.4.9.2 Ujsjak 45
9.4.9.4 Ojssjak 45
9.4.9.9 Iarparbt` Vnjcasapny 45
9.9 H@YIA Ap`rbtjakbc Hbtb 45
9.9.2 X`inkjibc Njgncjgnt 45
9.9.4 Iaoo`rijbc Njgncjgnt 47
9.9.9 Grawtn ae tn` Iaopbky 4>
9.8 V`rearobki` 4>
9.8.2 Iaksuoptjak Vbtt`rk 4>
9.8.4 Iaksuo`r Ojx 4>
9.8.9 Ibt`garjs`h Iaksuoptjak Grawtn 4>
9.8.8 Cabh Grawtn 4:
9.8.0 Jopart & Ybc`s 4:
9.8.5 Yyst`o Cass jk H@YIA 4:
9.8.7 Vraejt & Cass 96
9.0 Bitjvjtj`s ae H@YIA 96
9.0.2 X`inkjibc Bitjvjtj`s 96
9.0.2.2 Yudstbtjak 96
9.0.2.4 @c`itrji Cjk` Iakstruitjak 92
9.0.2.9 Hjstrjdutjak Xrbksearo`r 92
9.0.4 Iaoo`rijbc Bitjvjtj`s 92
9.0.9 Ybc`s & Hjstrjdutjak (Y&H) Hjvjsjak 98
9.0.9.2 Yyst`o Ap`rbtjak 90
9.0.9.4 K`w Iakk`itjak 90
9.0.9.9 Cabh Ybkitjak 97
9.0.9.8 Cabh T`t`ktjak 97
9.0.9.0 Vaw`r Ebitar Oakjtarjkg 9>
9.0.9.5 Cjk` Objkt`kbki` 9>
9.0.9.7 Wjr`c`ss & X`c`iaooukjibtjak 9:
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
8/82
vjjj
Inbpt`r 68 Yudstbtjak Ap`rbtjak & Objkt`kbki`
8.2 @c`itrjibc Yudstbtjak 86
8.2.2 Icbssjejibtjak biiarhjkg ta Y`rvji` T`qujr`o`kts 86
8.2.4 Icbssjejibtjak biiarhjkg ta Iakstruitjakbc E`btur`s 86
8.4 @qujpo`kts jk b Yudstbtjak 82
8.4.2 Dus Dbr 82
8.4.4 Dus Dbr Brrbkg`o`kt 82
8.4.4.2 Yjkgc` Dus Dbr Yyst`o 82
8.4.4.4 Yjkgc` Dus Dbr wjt Y`itjakbcjsbtjak 84
8.4.4.9 Hupcjibt` Dus Dbr Yyst`o 89
8.4.9 Jksucbtars 88
8.4.8 Jsacbtars 88
8.4.0 Ijriujt Dr`bl`r 80
8.4.5 Xrbksearo`r 80
8.4.5.2 Vaw`r Xrbksearo`r 85
8.4.5.4 Jkstruo`kt Xrbksearo`r 85
8.4.5.4.2 Iurr`kt Xrbksearo`r (IX) 87
8.4.5.4.4 Vat`ktjbc Xrbksearo`r (VX) 87
8.4.7 O`t`rjkg bkh Jkhjibtjkg Jkstruo`kts 8>
8.4.> Cjgnt`kjkg Brr`st`r 8>
8.4.: Dusnjkg 8:
8.9 Grjh Yudstbtjak & Hjstrjdutjak Yudstbtjak 8:
8.9.2 E``h`r & Iaktrac Taao 04
8.9.4 Hbtb Biqujsjtjak Yyst`o (HBY) 09
8.8 Objkt`kbki` 08
8.8.2 Tautjk` Mad 08
8.8.4 @o`rg`kiy Ap`rbtjaks 08
Inbpt`r 60 Ubrjbdc` Cabh
0.2 Ubrjbdc` Cabh 00
0.4 @ee`its ae Ubrjbdc` Cabh 00
0.4.2 K``h ae bhhjtjakbc `qujpo`kts 00
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
9/82
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
10/82
x
5.8.9.2.2 Av`r Iurr`kt T`cby 55
5.8.9.2.4 Hjstbki` T`cby 55
5.8.9.2.9 Hjee`r`ktjbc T`cby 57
5.8.9.2.8 Duinnacz T`cby 57
T`e`r`ki`s
Bpp`khji`s
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
11/82
xj
CJYX AE EJGPT@Y
Ejgur` Vbg`
Ejgur` 4.2 @eejij`kt Vaw`r Yyst`o 68
Ejgur` 4.4 Vaw`r Xrjbkgc` Ynawjkg Vaw`r Ebitar 65
Ejgur` 4.9 Vaw`r Xrjbkgc` Ynawjkg Vaw`r Ebitar Bkgc` 67
Ejgur` 4.8 Yurg` Uactbg` 6:
Ejgur` 4.0 G`agrbpnjibc K`twarl snawjkg Kbtjakbc Grjh 28
Ejgur` 4.5 Cakg Av`rn`bh Xrbksojssjak Cjk` 20
Ejgur` 4.7 Cakg Ibpbijty Pkh`rgraukh Vaw`r Xrbksojssjak Cjk` 27
Ejgur` 4.> Gbs Jksucbt`h Xrbksojssjak Cjk` (GJC) 2>
Ejgur` 4.: G`k`rbtjak ta Hjstrjdutjak 2>
Ejgur` 8.2 Dus Dbr jopc`o`kt`h jk Ojrpur Hjguk Yudstbtjak 82
Ejgur` 8.4 Yjkgc` Dus Dbr 84
Ejgur` 8.9 Y`itjakbcjs`h Yjkgc` Dus Dbr 89
Ejgur` 8.8 Dus Iaupc`r Iaktracc`h jk Pttbrb 294/99 lU Yudstbtjak 89
Ejgur` 8.0 Haudc` Dus Dbr jk Pttbrb 294/99 lU Yudstbtjak 88
Ejgur` 8.5 Jsacbtars jk Pttbrb Grjh Yudstbtjak 88
Ejgur` 8.7 YE5 Ijriujt Dr`bl`rs Obkubc Iaktracc`r jk Pttbrb Grjh Yudstbtjak 80
Ejgur` 8.> 294/99 lU trbksearo`r jk Pttbrb Grjh Yudstbtjak 85
Ejgur` 8.: Iurr`kt Xrbksearo`r (IX) jk Pttbrb Grjh Yudstbtjak 87
Ejgur` 8.26 Vat`ktjbc Xrbksearo`r (VX) jk Pttbrb Grjh Yudstbtjak 87
Ejgur` 8.22 Cjgnt`kjkg Brr`st`r jk Pttbrb Grjh Yudstbtjak 8>
Ejgur` 8.24 Ubrjaus Xyp`s ae Dusnjkgs 8:
Ejgur` 8.29 Yjkgc` Cjk` Hjbgrbo ae Ojrpur Hjguk Yudstbtjak 06
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
12/82
xjj
Ejgur` 8.28 22 lU E``h`r Jkhjibtjkg Cabh Yn`hhjkg Iakhjtjak 02
Ejgur` 8.20 Iaktrac Taao ae b 99/22 lU Yudstbtjak 04
Ejgur` 8.25 Hbtb Biqujsjtjak Yyst`o (HBY) jk Ojrpur Hjguk Yudstbtjak 09
Ejgur` 0.2 Hbjcy Cabh Iurv` 05
Ejgur` 5.2 Yyoo`trjibc Ebuct 56
Ejgur` 5.4 Cjk`-ta-Graukh Ebuct 52
Ejgur` 5.9 Cjk`-ta-Cjk` Ebuct 52
Ejgur` 5.8 Haudc` Cjk`-ta-Graukh Ebuct (C-C-G) 52
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
13/82
xjjj
CJYX AE XBDC@Y
Xbdc` Vbg`
Xbdc` 4.2 Iaktrjdutjkg Eu`c Xyp` jk Vaw`r G`k`rbtjak 29
Xbdc` 9.2 Ubrjaus Xbrjee Tbt` 48
Xbdc` 9.4 Y`rvji` Gubrbkty ear CXJ bkh CX Iaksuo`rs 40
Xbdc` 9.9 Y`rvji` Gubrbkty ear NX Iaksuo`rs 40
Xbdc` 9.8 X`inkjibc Njgncjgnt ae H@YIA 45
Xbdc` 9.0 Iaoo`rijbc Njgncjgnt ae H@YIA 47
Xbdc` 9.5 Jkstbcc`h Yudstbtjaks jk 4.22-4624 4:
Xbdc` 9.7 @xpbksjak bkh Pp grbhbtjak ae Cjk` 96
Xbdc` 9.> Iurr`kt Jkerbstruitur` ae H@YIA 96
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
14/82
xjv
CJYX AE INBTXY
Inbrts Vbg`
Inbrt 9.2 Iaksuoptjak Vbtt`rk 4>
Inbrt 9.4 Iaksuo`r Ojx 4>
Inbrt 9.9 Iaksuoptjak Grawtn 4:
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
15/82
2
Inbpt`r 2
Jktrahuitjak
2.2 Av`rvj`w
Jkt`rksnjp @@@8:: js b 5 ir`hjt naur iaurs` aee`r`h `v`ry s`o`st`r jk Yinaac ae @kgjk``rjkg
bkh Iaoput`r Yij`ki` (Y@IY) bt Jkh`p`kh`kt Pkjv`rsjty, Dbkgcbh`sn (JPD), bs bk `qujvbc`kt
aptjak ae iaurs` Y`kjar Vram`it @@@8:>. B stuh`kt ae Y@IY oust nbv` ta pbrtjijpbt` jk bky ae
tn`s` iaurs`s ta eucejcc tn` r`qujr`o`kt ae g`ttjkg b H`gr``. Jk jkt`rksnjp, bk jkt`rk oust inaas` b
sup`rvjsar erao tn` ebiuctj`s ae tn` sinaac. Xn`k tn` jkt`rk snauch stbrt pbrtjijpbtjkg jk tn`
iarr`spakhjkg ap`rbtjaks jk bky h`sjr`h iaoo`rijbc iaopbky. Xn` hutj`s ae bk jkt`rk jk tn`
iaopbky br` h`ijh`h dy b outubc k`gatjbtjak d`tw``k tn` stuh`kt bkh tn` iaopbky.
Inaasjkg jkt`rksnjp bs bk aptjak bccaw`h o` ta `xpcar` tn` r`bc warch icas`cy bkh ebojcjbrjz`
oys`ce wjtn tn` jkhustrjbc bkh iaoo`rijbc bsp`its ae tn` sudm`it J stuhj`h. Vrap`r bppcjibtjak ae
oy tn`ar`tjibc lkawc`hg` js r`qujr`h jk arh`r ta g`t sao` d`k`ejts erao tn` prbitjibc `xp`rj`ki`s
J gat hurjkg oy pragrbo. Yuin tn`ar`tjibc lkawc`hg` nbs d``k adtbjk`h erao tn` iaurs`s J
stuhj`h, dut wjtnaut bky iarr`spakhjkg prbitjibc lkawc`hg`, js akcy nbce-wby binj`v`o`kt ear
oy hby ta hby prbitjibc cje`.
Hnblb @c`itrji Yuppcy Iaopbky (H@YIA) Cjojt`h js b 70% gav`rko`kt awk`h iaopbky.
T`sts ae tn` snbr`nach`rs br` pudcji. Inaasjkg H@YIA bs oy jkt`rksnjp iaopbky js ta g`t
ebojcjbrjz` wjtn tn` hjstrjdutjak ap`rbtjak jk Hnblb, bs tn` iaopbky nbs tn` r`putbtjak ta g`t tn`
obxjouo iaoo`rijbc d`k`ejts bkh rbk tn` obmarjty ae suii`sseuc ap`rbtjaks jk tn` oast h`ks`cy
papucbt`h br`b ae tn` iauktry. Jk 2::5, H@YIA wbs ir`bt`h ukh`r tn` Iaopbky Bit 2::8 bs b
Vudcji Cjojt`h Iaopbky wjtn bk butnarjz`h ibpjtbc ae DHX 0.66 djccjak.
@c`itrjijty js b iruijbc `c`o`kt, ta upgrbh` tn` saija-`iakaoji ijriuostbki`s bkh ta joprav`
sibrijty. Xn` suppcy ae `c`itrjijty nbs b gr`bt jopbit ak tn` kbtjakbc `iakaoy. Vrap`r bkh
`kaugn r`cjbdc` `c`itrjijty suppcy nbv` b gr`bt pasjtjv` jopbit ak aur Grass Hao`stji Vrahuit
(GHV) bkh GHV js ak` ae tn` `xpcbkbtjaks ta iaopr`n`kh tn` ejkbkijbc syst`o ae b iauktry, bkh
b h`v`capjkg iauktry cjl` Dbkgcbh`sn, wn`r` papucbtjak js av`r 207 ojccjak (4624, Warch Dbkl,
uphbt`h bt Y`p >, 4629), tn` jkir`bsjkg papucbtjak nbs bk jkir`bs`h h`obkh ae `c`itrjijty. Akcy
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
16/82
4
56% ae wnjin nbs d``k eucejcc`h. Xn` p`r ibpjtb g`k`rbtjak rbt js akcy 4:4 lWn wnjin js bcsa
v`ry caw iaopbr`h ta bky h`v`capjkg iauktry nbvjkg tn` sjojcbr r`putbtjak cjl` Dbkgcbh`sn.
H@YIA Ap`rbtjaks Bhojkjstrbtjv` bitjvjtj`s, Ejkbkijbc Bitjvjtj`s, Biiaukts Bitjvjtj`s, NTO
Bitjvjtj`s, Y&H Bitjvjtj`s & Ap`rbtjaks (K`w iakk`itjak, cabh r`t`ktjak, cabh r`c`bs`, cabh
obkbg`o`kt, iaktrac raao bitjvjty, paw`r ebitar oakjtarjkg & upgrbhjkg, sudstbtjak ap`rbtjak
& objkt`kbki`, cjk` objkt`kbki`, HBY objkt`kbki` `ti.), Ap`rbtjak & Objkt`kbki` ae Grjh
Yudstbtjak.
2.4 Vurpas` ae Ytuhy
Pkh`rstbkhjkg tn` `c`itrji-paw`r hjstrjdutjak syst`o. Pkh`rstbkhjkg tn` ebuct jk paw`r syst`o bkh tn` prat`itjak ae paw`r syst`o. C`brkjkg tn` warljkg prai`hur` ae tn` prat`itjv` r`cby. Pkh`rstbkhjkg tn` warljkg prjkijpc` ae tn` trbksearo`r. C`brkjkg tn` sudstbtjak ap`rbtjak bkh objkt`kbki` jk H@YIA. Pkh`rstbkhjkg tn` ap`rbtjakbc bitjvjtj`s ae tn` Hnblb @c`itrji Yuppcy Iaopbky
(H@YIA).
2.9 Yiap` ae Ytuhy
Xn` r`part iav`rs tn` drj`e ap`rbtjaks ae trbksojttjkg, objktbjkjkg bkh hjstrjdutjkg `c`itrjijty jk
tn` kartn`rk pbrt ae Hnblb ijty ukh`r Hnblb Vaw`r Hjstrjdutjak Iaopbky Cjojt`h (H@YIA).
Xnjs r`part `sp`ijbccy `opnbsjz`s ak paw`r hjstrjdutjak bkh objkt`kbki`. J nbh tn` appartukjty
ta nbv` icas` vj`w ae ap`rbtjv`s bitjvjtj`s ae H@YIA.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
17/82
9
2.8 O`tnahacagy
2.8.2 Vrjobry Yauri`=
Daals, K`wspbp`rs, Maurkbcs r`gbrhjkg tnjs tapji, Jkt`rk`t bkh atn`r obt`rjbcs w`r` us`h
bs tn` prjobry sauri` ae jkearobtjak.
2.8.4 Y`iakhbry Yauri`=
Vbrtjijpbtjak jk tn` prbitjibc ej`ch s`ssjak, hjsiussjak wjtn `opcay``s bkh bkkubc r`part
ae H@YIA w`r` us`h bs s`iakhbry sauri` ae jkearobtjak.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
18/82
8
Inbpt`r 4
Vaw`r G`k`rbtjak, Xrbksojssjak & Hjstrjdutjak
4.2 Jktrahuitjak
Dbkgcbh`sn js ak` ae tn` oast h`ks`cy papucbt`h iauktrj`s ae Yautn-@bst`rk Bsjb, wn`r` - hu` ta
c`ss t`inkjibc bkh ejkbkijbc suppart - `c`itrjibc `k`rgy js tn` oast us`euc bkh h`obkhjkg earo ae
`k`rgy. Bkh tnjs h`obkh js jkir`bsjkg prapartjakbccy ta tn` papucbtjak, urgjkg butnarjty ta
prahui` oar` bkh oar` `c`itrjijty ta iaop`t` wjtn tn` gcadbc h`v`capo`kt. Xnjs k`i`ssjtbt`s
`stbdcjsnjkg b v`ry `eejij`kt earo ae paw`r syst`o iaksjstjkg tnr`` bdsacut` s`itars bs snawk jk
ejgur` 4.2. Xn`s` s`itars br` butnarjs`h ta g`k`rbt` `c`itrjijty biiarhjkg ta kbtjakbc h`obkh,
trbksojt jt tnraugn b kbtjakwjh` kbtjakbc grjh syst`o, bkh ta hjstrjdut` jt biiarhjkg taiaksuo`rs h`obkhs, bkh inbrgjkg djccs bkh hutj`s ta iakejro b iaoo`rijbc stbdjcjty ta tn`
wnac` syst`o.
Ejgur` 4.2= @eejij`kt Vaw`r Yyst`o
Xn`s` s`itars bkh tn`jr murjshjitjaks ae ap`rbtjaks br` tn` objk pajkt ae iaki`ktrbtjak ae tnjs
inbpt`r, dut ta iakstruit b iaoeartbdc` jksjgnt, b snart hjsiussjak bdaut sao` r`cbt`h tn`arj`s br`
hrbwk d`caw.
4.4 Jopartbkt X`ros ae Vaw`r Yyst`o
4.4.2 T`sjstbki`
Xn` ecaw ae inbrg` tnraugn bky obt`rjbc `kiaukt`rs bk appasjkg eari` sjojcbr b obky
r`sp`its ta o`inbkjibc erjitjak. Xnjs appasjtjak, hu` ta tn` iaccjsjak d`tw``k `c`itraks
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
19/82
0
bkh atn`rs btaos jk tn` obt`rjbc, wnjin iakv`rts `c`itrjibc `k`rgy jkta n`bt, js ibcc`h
r`sjstbki` ae tn` obt`rjbc \2_.
4.4.4 T`bc Vaw`r
T`bc ar tru` paw`r js tn` paw`r tnbt js us`h ta ha tn` warl ak tn` cabh \4_.
V ? Uros Jros ias
N`r`,
V js tn` r`bc paw`r jk wbtts \W_
Uros js tn` ros vactbg` ? Up`bl/4jk Uacts \U_
Jros js tn` ros iurr`kt ? Jp`bl/4jk Bop`r`s \B_
js tn` jop`hbki` pnbs` bkgc` ? pnbs` hjee`r`ki` d`tw``k vactbg` bkh iurr`kt.
4.4.9 T`bitjv` Vaw`r
T`bitjv` paw`r js tn` paw`r tnbt js wbst`h bkh kat us`h ta ha warl ak tn` cabh \4_.
R ? Uros Jros sjk
N`r`,
R js tn` r`bitjv` paw`r jk vact-bop`r`-r`bitjv` \UBT_
Uros js tn` ros vactbg` ? Up`bl/4jk Uacts \U_
Jros js tn` ros iurr`kt ? Jp`bl/4jk Bop`r`s \B_
js tn` jop`hbki` pnbs` bkgc` ? pnbs` hjee`r`ki` d`tw``k vactbg` bkh iurr`kt.
4.4.8 Bppbr`kt Vaw`r
Xn` bppbr`kt paw`r js tn` paw`r tnbt js suppcj`h ta tn` ijriujt \4_.
Y ? Uros Jros
N`r`,
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
20/82
5
Y js tn` bppbr`kt paw`r jk Uact-bop`r \UB_
Uros js tn` ros vactbg` ? Up`bl/4jk Uacts \U_
Jros js tn` ros iurr`kt ? Jp`bl/4jk Bop`r`s \B_
4.4.0 Vaw`r Ebitar
Vaw`r ebitar js tn` rbtja d`tw``k bitubc cabh paw`r (LW) bkh bppbr`kt cabh paw`r
(LUB) hrbwk dy bk `c`itrjibc cabh bkh o`bsur`h dy b hjo`ksjakc`ss kuod`r d`tw``k 6
bkh 2 \9_. Jt jkhjibt`s naw `ee`itjv`cy tn` iurr`kt js d`jkg iakv`rt`h jkta us`euc autput
bkh oast jopartbktcy js b v`ry gaah pajkt`r ae tn` `ee`it ae tn` cabh iurr`kt ak tn`
`eejij`kiy ae tn` suppcy syst`o. Ejgur` 4.4 snaws tn` paw`r ebitar.
Ejgur` 4.4= Vaw`r Xrjbkgc` Ynawjkg Vaw`r Ebitar
4.4.5 Vaw`r Ebitar Bkgc`
Jk bk BI ijriujt, tn`r` js g`k`rbccy b pnbs` hjee`r`ki` d`tw``k vactbg` bkh iurr`kt.
Iasjk` ae tnjs pnbs` bkgc` js lkawk bs tn` paw`r ebitar ae tnbt pbrtjiucbr ijriujt.
Jkhuitjv` ijriujt wauch prahui` cbggjkg paw`r ebitar bkh ibpbijtjv` ijriujt wauch
prahui` c`bhjkg paw`r ebitar. Ejgur` 4.9 snaws b paw`r trjbkgc`, ic`brcy obrljkg tn`
paw`r ebitar bkgc`.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
21/82
7
Ejgur` 4.9= Vaw`r Xrjbkgc` Ynawjkg Vaw`r Ebitar Bkgc`
4.4.7 Yjgkjejibki` ae Vaw`r Ebitar
Xn` jopbit ae paw`r ebitar cj`s jk tn` ebit tnbt hjstrjdutjak iaopbkj`s suppcy iustao`rs
wjtn vact-bop`r`s, dut djcc tn`o ear wbtts. Xn` r`cbtjaksnjp js
wbtts ? vacts bop`r`s paw`r ebitar
Jt js ic`br tnbt paw`r ebitars d`caw 2.6 r`qujr` b utjcjty ta g`k`rbt` oar` tnbk tn`
ojkjouo vact-bop`r`s k`i`ssbry ta suppcy tn` paw`r (wbtts). Xnjs jkir`bs`s g`k`rbtjak
bkh trbksojssjak iasts. Gaah paw`r ebitar js iaksjh`r`h ta d` gr`bt`r tnbk 6.>0 ar >0%.
Wbtts, ar r`bc paw`r, js wnbt b iustao`r pbys ear. UBT, ar r`bitjv` paw`r, js tn` `xtrb
paw`r trbksojtt`h ta iaop`ksbt` ear b paw`r ebitar c`ss tnbk 2.6. Xn` iaodjkbtjak ae
tn` twa js ibcc`h "bppbr`kt" paw`r (UB ar vact-bop`r`s).
4.4.> Hjsbhvbktbg`s ae Caw Vaw`r Ebitar
Ak` hjsbhvbktbg` js tnbt tn` tru` paw`r js iaksjh`rbdcy c`ss tnbk tn` autput lUB. Xnjs
o`bks tnbt ear b g`k`rbtjkg stbtjak ta suppcy b gjv`k paw`r, jt oby nbv` ta warl bdav` jts
karobc lUB ibpbijty, wjtn tn` iaks`qu`kt `xi`ss t`op`rbtur` rjs` ae tn` g`k`rbtars,
suppcy ibdc`s bkh, wn`r` tn` c`kgtn ae tn` ibdc`s erao tn` g`k`rbtars ta tn` cabh js cbrg`,
jk tn`s` ibdc`s bs w`cc. Xn`r` wjcc bcsa d` cass`s jk tn` sud-ijriujt swjting`br.
Bkatn`r dbh e`btur` ae caw paw`r ebitar js tn` cbrg` boaukt ae wbttc`ss lUB prahui`h.
Xnjs ibus`s cass`s jk tn` obinjk` bs w`cc bs jkir`bsjkg tn` rukkjkg iasts ae tn` wnac`
pcbkt.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
22/82
>
B tnjrh hjsbhvbktbg` js tnbt b cbrg` vact hrap jk bct`rkbtar js ibus`h, pbrtcy d`ibus` ae tn`
brobtur` sykinrakaus jop`hbki`, bkh pbrtcy d`ibus` ae tn` `ee`it hu` ta brobtur`
r`bitjak.
Bpbrt erao tn` bee`its ae caw paw`r ebitar jk g`k`rbtjak s`itar, tn`r` br` sao` sjgkjejibkt
k`gbtjv` `ee`its ak trbksojssjak bkh hjstrjdutjak s`itar. Ejrstcy, cbrg`r ibdc`s, swjting`br
bkh trbksearo`rs oby d` k`i`ssbry datn wjtnjk bk jkstbccbtjak, bkh tn` suppcy objks
e``hjkg jt. Oar`av`r, caw paw`r ebitar ibus`s ap`rbtjkg hjeejiuctj`s ak njgn vactbg`
trbksojssjak cjk`s. Jk b r`bitjak ta tnas`, hjstrjdutjak iaopbkj`s aet`k p`kbcjz`
iaksuo`rs wnas` cabh js bt paar paw`r ebitar dy inbrgjkg oar` ear tn` `c`itrjibc `k`rgy
us`h. D`sjh`s tnbt, njgn`r iurr`kts gjv` rjs` ta njgn`r iapp`r cass`s jk ibdc`s bkh
trbksearo`rs, bkh bcsa gjv` cbrg`r vactbg` hrap jk ibdc`s, bkh b inbkg` jk cabh gjv`s b
cbrg`r inbkg` jk vactbg` hrap je tn` paw`r ebitar js caw. Xnjs pn`kao`kak js lkawk bs
Vaar Uactbg` T`gucbtjak.
4.4.: Vaw`r Ebitar Ppgrbhjkg
Vaar paw`r ebitar ibk d` iarr`it`h, pbrbhaxjibccy, dy bhhjkg bkatn`r cabh ta tn` ijriujt
hrbwjkg bk `qubc bkh appasjt` boaukt ae r`bitjv` paw`r, ta ibki`c aut tn` `ee`its ae tn`
cabh's jkhuitjv` r`bitbki`. Jkhuitjv` r`bitbki` ibk akcy d` ibki`c`h dy ibpbijtjv`
r`bitbki`, sa w` nbv` ta bhh b ibpbijtar jk pbrbcc`c ta aur `xbopc` ijriujt bs tn`
bhhjtjakbc cabh. Xn` `ee`it ae tn`s` twa appasjkg r`bitbki`s jk pbrbcc`c js ta drjkg tn`
ijriujt's tatbc jop`hbki` `qubc ta jts tatbc r`sjstbki` (ta obl` tn` jop`hbki` pnbs` bkgc`
`qubc, ar bt c`bst icas`r, ta z`ra).
Kat` tnbt tn` tatbc iurr`kt (Jtatbc) js jk pnbs` wjtn tn` bppcj`h vactbg` (Utatbc), jkhjibtjkg b
pnbs` bkgc` ae k`br z`ra. Xnjs js ka iajkijh`ki`. Kat` tnbt tn` cbggjkg iurr`kt, JC ae tn`
jkhuitar wauch nbv` ibus`h tn` tatbc iurr`kt ta nbv` b cbggjkg pnbs` sao`wn`r` d`tw``k
(Jtatbc) bkh JC. Naw`v`r, tn` c`bhjkg ibpbijtar iurr`kt, JI, iaop`ksbt`s ear tn` cbggjkg
jkhuitar iurr`kt. Xn` r`suct js b tatbc iurr`kt pnbs`-bkgc` sao`wn`r` d`tw``k tn`
jkhuitar bkh ibpbijtar iurr`kts. Oar`av`r, tnbt tatbc iurr`kt (Jtatbc) wbs eari`h ta d` jk-
pnbs` wjtn tn` tatbc bppcj`h vactbg` (Utatbc), dy tn` ibciucbtjak ae bk bppraprjbt` ibpbijtar
vbcu`.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
23/82
:
Jt snauch d` kat`h tnbt taa ouin ibpbijtbki` jk bk BI ijriujt wjcc r`suct jk b caw paw`r
ebitar must bs w`cc bs taa ouin jkhuitbki`. Zau oust d` ibr`euc kat ta av`r-iarr`it wn`k
bhhjkg ibpbijtbki` ta bk BI ijriujt. Zau oust bcsa d` v`ry ibr`euc ta us` tn` prap`r
ibpbijtars ear tn` mad (rbt`h bh`qubt`cy ear paw`r syst`o vactbg`s bkh tn` aiibsjakbc
vactbg` spjl` erao cjgntkjkg strjl`s, ear iaktjkuaus BI s`rvji` bkh ibpbdc` ae nbkhcjkg
tn` `xp`it`h c`v`cs ae iurr`kt).
4.4.26 Yurg` Uactbg`
B vactbg` rjs` tnbt `khbkg`rs tn` jksucbtjak ae `c`itrji `qujpo`kts js ibcc`h surg` vactbg`
jk paw`r syst`o. Bk `xbit ibciucbtjak js jopartbkt ear s`c`itjkg rjgnt jksucbtjak bkh
bppraprjbt` syst`o prat`itjak. Ejgur` 4.8 snaws tn` trbksj`kt vactbg` surg`.
Ejgur` 4.8= Yurg` Uactbg`
4.4.22 @c`itrjijty Iaksuo`r
Jk tn` hjstrjdutjak syst`o, b ouctjstarj`h snappjkg iaopc`x ar aeeji` ibk d` tr`bt`h bs b
sjkgc` iaksuo`r je o`t`rjkg js hak` tnraugn ak` `c`itrji `k`rgy o`bsurjkg o`t`r. N`r`
`c`itrjijty hjstrjdutjak bg`kij`s ar iaopbkj`s br` b iaksuo`r ta tn` `c`itrjijty g`k`rbtjak
butnarjty ar iaopbky erao wn`r` tn`y purinbs` `c`itrjijty.
4.4.24 H`obkh Cabh
H`obkh cabh jkhjibt`s tn` bggr`gbt` h`obkh ae `c`itrjijty ae bcc tn` iaksuo`rs bt bk
jkstbkt tjo`. Psubccy `c`itrjijty h`obkh js h`kat`h dy tn` ukjt Wbtt.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
24/82
26
4.4.29 Jkstbcc`h Ibpbijty
Jk tn` `c`itrjijty syst`o `v`ry `qujpo`kt bkh cjk` nbs jts obxjouo cabh nbkhcjkg
ibpbijty. Ibpbijty (paw`r) js usubccy h`kat`h dy Uact-Bop`r` (UB) wnjin js bcsa
iakv`rtjdc` jkta Wbtt dy ouctjpcyjkg paw`r ebitar wjtn tn` UB. Xn`r`ear`, tn` jkstbcc`h
ibpbijty ae bk `c`itrjijty syst`o jkhjibt`s tn` obxjouo UB ar Wbtt jt ibk nbkhc`. Jk
ibs` ae `c`itrjijty g`k`rbtjak, jt js tn` suoobtjak ae ibpbijtj`s ae bcc tn` paw`r pcbkts
wjtnjk tn` syst`o. Jk ibs` ae `c`itrjijty hjstrjdutjak syst`o, usubccy jt js tn` suoobtjak ae
tn` ibpbijtj`s ae tn` sud-stbtjaks wn`r` njgn vactbg` js iakv`rt`h jkta caw vactbg`. Xn`
ibpbijty ae `c`itrji cjk` bkh ibdc` js bcsa iaksjh`r`h jk h`rjvjkg tn` ibpbijty ae
hjstrjdutjak syst`o.
4.4.28 @c`itrji @k`rgy O`bsurjkg Pkjt
Psubccy `c`itrji `k`rgy iaksuoptjak js o`bsur`h dy Pkjt. Ak` Pkjt ae `c`itrji `k`rgy
iaksuoptjak o`bks iaksuojkg ak` Ljcawbtt ae `k`rgy jk ak` naur, j.`. dy cjt up t`k266
Wbtt ducds ear bk naur.
4.4.20 Yyst`o Cass
@v`ry `qujpo`kt, iakhuitar bkh ibdc` us`h jk tn` paw`r syst`o nbs sao` cass jk
ibrryjkg `c`itrjijty. Xnjs cass js hu` ta tn` r`sjstbki` prap`rty ae obt`rjbc, `c`itrjibc
`k`rgy iakv`rts jkta n`bt, saukh bkh cjgnt `k`rgy. Xn` tn`ar`tjibc syst`o cass ae tn`
`ktjr` syst`o js eaukh dy tn` earoucb.
(%) ?
266
Dut, jk r`bcjty tn` pjce`rbg` ae `c`itrjijty dy bky o`bks js bcsa r`ec`it`h jk tn` syst`o cass,
bs tn` pjce`r`h `c`itrjijty ha`s kat iao` ukh`r `k`rgy sbc`s.
Xn`r`ear`, jk ibs` ae hjstrjdutjak syst`o-
Yyst`o Cass ? Bitubc Yyst`o Cass + Cass hu` ta pjce`rbg`
Xn` bitubc syst`o cass ae tn` av`rn`bh hjstrjdutjak syst`o snauch kat d` oar` tnbk
7~>%.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
25/82
22
4.9 @c`itrji Vaw`r G`k`rbtjak
Oav`o`kt ae b caap ae wjr` ar hjsi ae iapp`r d`tw``k tn` pac`s ae obgk`t g`k`rbt`s `c`itrjijty.
B v`ry eukhbo`ktbc prjkijpbc ae g`k`rbtjkg `c`itrjijty - hjsiav`r`h dy Drjtjsn sij`ktjst Ojinb`c
Ebrbhby hurjkg tn` `brcy s`v`ktj`tn i`ktury.
G`k`rbtjak prai`ss aet`k stbrt`h bt b paw`r stbtjak dy `c`itrao`inbkjibc g`k`rbtars. Xn`s`
g`k`rbtars br` hrjv`k dy n`bt `kgjk`s bkh eu`c`h dy bky ljkh ae `k`rgy sauri`s suin bs eassjc
eu`c, r`k`wbdc` `k`rgy ar kuic`br `k`rgy.
4.9.2 Icbssjejibtjak ae Vaw`r Vcbkts
B paw`r pcbkt r`e`rs ta bk jkhustrjbc pcbi` ear g`k`rbtjkg `c`itrjibc paw`r. Xn` `k`rgy sauri`
us`h ta ratbt` tn` g`k`rbtar h`ejk`s tn` typ` ae bky pbrtjiucbr paw`r pcbkt bkh vbrj`s inj`ecy
h`p`khjkg upak tn` bvbjcbdjcjty ae in`bp ar sbe` typ` ae eu`c.
Biiarhjkg ta tn` dbsji icbssjejibtjak, paw`r pcbkts br` ae twa typ`s iakv`ktjakbc bkh kak-
iakv`ktjakbc. Kak-iakv`ktjakbc paw`r pcbkts br` tnas` wnjin br` stjcc ukh`r `xp`rjo`kts ar kat
jopc`o`kt`h y`t ta jkhustrjbc prahuitjak ae paw`r. Ak tn` atn`r nbkh, iakv`ktjakbc paw`r pcbkts
br` tn` oast papucbr o`bks ae g`k`rbtjak bkh suii`sseuccy `x`iut`h jk obky iauktrj`s ukh`r tn`
obss prahuitjak ae paw`r. Xn` obmar ar tn` oast papucbr iakv`ktjakbc paw`r pcbkts br`
4.9.2.2 Yt`bo Vaw`r Vcbkt
Ps`s st`bo bs warljkg obt`rjbc bkh warls ak Tbkljk Iyic`. Yt`bo nbs d``k prahui`h,
bkh tn`k `xpbkh`h jk tn` prjo` oav`r. Bet`r tnbt, jt nbs d``k iakh`ks`h e`h dbil jkta tn`
dajc`r ta iaopc`t` tn` iyic`.
4.9.2.4 Hj`s`c Vaw`r Vcbkt
Hj`s`c `kgjk`s br` us`h ta tn` prjobry sjh`. Hj`s`c durks jkta tn` iaodustjak inbod`r ae
tn` `kgjk` bkh prahui` o`inbkjibc `k`rgy. Xnjs `k`rgy hrjv`s tn` bct`rkbtar ta iakv`rt
tnjs o`inbkjibc `k`rgy jkta `c`itrjibc `k`rgy.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
26/82
24
4.9.2.9 Kuic`br Vaw`r Vcbkt
N`bvy `c`o`kts suin bs Prbkjuo ar Xnarjuo br` sudm`it`h ta kuic`br ejssjak jk b r`bitar.
Xnjs r`sucts b r`c`bs` jk n`bt `k`rgy wnjin tn`k us`h ta rbjs` st`bo bt njgn t`op`rbtur`
bkh pr`ssur`. Xnjs st`bo tn`k us`h ta ruk b st`bo turdjk`, iakv`rtjkg tn` n`bt `k`rgy ta
o`inbkjibc `k`rgy wnjin tn`k hrjv`s tn` bct`rkbtar ta prahui` `c`itrjijty.
4.9.2.8 Nyhra-@c`itrji Vaw`r Vcbkt
Xn` pat`ktjbc `k`rgy ae wbt`r js iakv`rt`h jkta ljk`tji `k`rgy, dy c`ttjkg tn` wbt`r ebcc
erao b i`rtbjk n`jgnt, wnjin tn`k bccaw`h ecawjkg tnraugn b turdjk` ta prahui`
o`inbkjibc `k`rgy ta hrjv` tn` bct`rkbtar ae b g`k`rbtar.
4.9.2.0 Gbs Xurdjk` Vaw`r Vcbkt
Durkjkg eu`c jkta b njgn-pr`ssur` inbod`r ta prahui` nat gbs`s tnbt ratbt` b turdjk`,
wnjin js tn`k spjk b g`k`rbtar ta prahui` `c`itrjijty \8_.
4.9.4 Vaw`r G`k`rbtjak jk Dbkgcbh`sn
Biiarhjkg ta Dbkgcbh`sn Vaw`r H`v`capo`kt Dabrh (DVHD), Dbkgcbh`sn bcr`bhy r`bin`h tn`
ibpbijty ta g`k`rbt` 26448 OW ae `c`itrjijty (Kav`od`r 4629), oast ae wnjin us` kbturbc gbs
(58.09%) bs eu`c. Xnjs wbs biiarhjkg ta tn` pcbkkjkg ae Vaw`r Y`itar Obst`r Vcbk (VYOV)
jkjtjbt`h jk 4626. Xnjs pcbk bcsa stbt`s tnbt jk 4696, tn` kbtjakbc h`obkh wauch d` 98,666 OW
wn`r`bs kbtjakbc g`k`rbtjak wauch d` 9:,666 OW \0_.
VYOV 4626 bcsa bjos ta biqujr` tn` eu`c iaopasjtjak rbtja wauch d` iabc 06% (96% hao`stji
iabc bkh 46% jopart`h iabc), kbturbc gbs 40% (jkicuhjkg CKG), 0% cjqujh eu`c bkh 46% kuic`br
jkicuhjkg r`k`wbdc` bkh irass-darh`r trbh`s, tnus prjarjtjz`s tn` us` ae hao`stji prjobry `k`rgy
sauri`s.
Bs snawk jk Xbdc` 4.2, Dbkgcbh`sn iurr`ktcy h`p`khjkg v`ry ouin ak kbturbc gbs, wnjin
prahui`s 50:> OW ae `c`itrjijty (58.09% ae tatbc g`k`rbtjak), dut btt`optjkg ta r`c`bs` tn`
pr`ssur` erao gbs stail dy hjv`rtjkg btt`ktjak ta iabc bkh r`k`wbdc` `k`rgy.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
27/82
29
Eu`c typ` Ibpbijty (OW) Xatbc (%)
Gbs 50:> 58.09
N`bvy Eu`c Ajc (NEA) 2:59 2:.4
Njgn Yp``h Hj`s`c (NYH) 5>9 5.5>
Jopart`h 066 8.>:
Iabc 406 4.80
Nyhra 496 4.40
Xatbc 26448 266
Xbdc` 4.2= Iaktrjdutjkg Eu`c Xyp` jk Vaw`r G`k`rbtjak
4.8 Vaw`r Xrbksojssjak
Xrbksojssjak cjk`s br` s`ts ae wjr`s, ibcc`h iakhuitars, wnjin ibrry `c`itrji paw`r erao
g`k`rbtjkg pcbkts ta tn` sudstbtjaks tnbt h`cjv`r paw`r ta iustao`rs. Bt b g`k`rbtjkg pcbkt,
`c`itrji paw`r js st`pp`h up ta s`v`rbc tnausbkh vacts dy b trbksearo`r bkh h`cjv`r`h ta tn`
trbksojssjak cjk`. Bt kuo`raus sudstbtjaks ak tn` trbksojssjak syst`o, trbksearo`rs st`p hawk
tn` paw`r ta b caw`r vactbg` bkh h`cjv`r jt ta hjstrjdutjak cjk`s. Hjstrjdutjak cjk`s ibrry paw`r ta
ebros, nao`s bkh dusjk`ss`s. Xn` typ` ae trbksojssjak struitur`s us`h ear bky pram`it js
h`t`rojk`h dy tn` inbrbit`rjstjis ae tn` trbksojssjak cjk`s raut`, jkicuhjkg t`rrbjk bkh `xjstjkg
jkerbstruitur`.
Vaw`r Grjh Iaopbky ae Dbkgcbh`sn (VGID) Cjojt`h awks bcc ae tn` trbksojssjak cjk` ae
Dbkgcbh`sn. Xn` objk ap`rbtjkg eukitjak ae VGID js wn``cjkg ae `k`rgy erao DVHD paw`r
stbtjaks bkh G`k`rbtjak Iaopbkj`s ta Hjstrjdutjak `ktjtj`s utjcjzjkg trbksojssjak k`twarl. VGID
g`ts jts `k`rgy wn``cjkg inbrg` erao jts icj`kts (hjstrjdutjak `ktjtj`s) bt tn` rbt` ejx`h dy
Dbkgcbh`sn @c`itrjijty T`gucbtary Iaoojssjak (D@TI). Xrbksojssjak cjk`s ae tn` iaopbky up
ta Muk`, 4629 br` staah bt 9646.77 ijriujt lo ae 496 lU cjk`s, 5655.88 ijriujt lo ae 294 lU
cjk`s bkh 20 kas. ae 496/294 lU sudstbtjak bkh >9 kas. ae 294/99 lU sudstbtjaks. Ejgur` 4.0
jccustrbt`s b drj`e g`agrbpnjibc k`twarl ae kbtjakbc paw`r grjh, ic`brcy jkhjibtjkg `xjstjkg, ukh`r
iakstruitjak & pcbkk`h 496 LU bkh 294 LU trbksojssjak cjk`. Jt bcsa snaws tn` pcbkkjkg bkh
iakstruitjak ae k`wcy bhapt`h 866 LU trbksojssjak cjk`s \0_.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
28/82
28
Ejgur` 4.0= G`agrbpnjibc K`twarl snawjkg Kbtjakbc Vaw`r Grjh
4.8.2 Icbssjejibtjak ae Xrbksojssjak Cjk`
H`p`khjkg ak tn` raut` ae trbksojssjak cjk`s bkh iaksjh`rjkg tn` t`rrbjk bkh tn` `xjstjkg
jkerbstruitur`, trbksojssjak cjk`s br` icbssjej`h jkta tnr`` obmar typ`s.
4.8.2.2 Av`rn`bh Xrbksojssjak Cjk`
Av`rn`bh trbksojssjak cjk`s hjstrjdut` tn` obmarjty ae tn` `c`itrji `k`rgy jk tn` syst`o. B typjibc
njgn-vactbg` cjk` nbs tnr`` pnbs` iakhuitars ta ibrry tn` iurr`kt bkh trbkspart tn` `k`rgy, bkh
twa graukh`h snj`ch iakhuitars ta prat`it tn` cjk` erao hjr`it cjgntkjkg strjl`s. Xn` usubccy dbr`
iakhuitars br` jksucbt`h erao tn` suppartjkg taw`rs dy jksucbtars bttbin`h ta graukh`h taw`rs ar
pac`s. Caw`r-vactbg` cjk`s us` past jksucbtars, wnjc` tn` njgn-vactbg` cjk`s br` dujct wjtn
jksucbtar inbjks ar cakg-rah iaopasjt` jksucbtars. Xn` karobc hjstbki` d`tw``k tn` suppartjkg
taw`rs js b e`w nukhr`h e``t.
Av`rn`bh cjk`s us` BIYT (bcuojkuo ibdc`, st``c r`jkeari`h) bkh BIBT (bcuojkuo ibdc`, bccay
r`jkeari`h) iakhuitars. Jk bk BIYT iakhuitar, b strbkh`h st``c iar` ibrrj`s tn` o`inbkjibc cabh,
bkh cby`rs ae strbkh`h bcuojkuo surraukhjkg tn` iar` ibrry tn` iurr`kt. Bk BIBT iakhuitar js
b strbkh`h ibdc` obh` ae bk bcuojkuo bccay wjtn caw r`sjstbki` bkh njgn o`inbkjibc str`kgtn.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
29/82
20
BIYT iakhuitars br` usubccy us`h ear njgn-vactbg` cjk`s, bkh BIBT iakhuitars ear sud-
trbksojssjak bkh hjstrjdutjak cjk`s. Pctrbnjgn-vactbg` (PNU) bkh `xtrb-njgn-vactbg` (@NU) cjk`s
us` dukhc` iakhuitars. @bin pnbs` ae tn` cjk` js dujct wjtn twa, tnr``, ar eaur iakhuitars
iakk`it`h jk pbrbcc`c bkh s`pbrbt`h dy bdaut 2.0 et (6.0 o). Dukhc` iakhuitars r`hui` iarakb
hjsinbrg` \5_.
Xrbksojssjak cjk`s br` sudm`it ta `kvjrako`ktbc bhv`rsjtj`s, jkicuhjkg wjh` vbrjbtjaks ae
t`op`rbtur`, njgn wjkhs, bkh ji` bkh skaw h`pasjts, dut br` typjibccy h`sjgk`h ta wjtnstbkh
`kvjrako`ktbc str`ss`s aiiurrjkg aki` `v`ry 06266 y`brs. Ejgur` 4.5 gjv`s bk `xbopc` ae cakg
av`rn`bh trbksojssjak cjk`.
Ejgur` 4.5= Cakg Av`rn`bh Xrbksojssjak Cjk`
H`p`khjkg ak tn` vactbg` c`v`c trbksojttjkg tnraugn tn` cjk` ar tn` hjstbki` tn` trbksojtt`h
sjgkbc wjcc trbv`c, av`rn`bh cjk`s br` icbssjej`h bs eaccaws.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
30/82
25
4.8.2.2.2 Ynart Xrbksojssjak Cjk`
Xn` trbksojssjak cjk`s wnjin nbv` c`kgtn c`ss tnbk >6 lo br` g`k`rbccy r`e`rr`h bs snart
trbksojssjak cjk`s. Ear snart c`kgtn, tn` snukt ibpbijtbki` ae tnjs typ` ae cjk` js k`gc`it`h
bkh atn`r pbrbo`t`rs cjl` r`sjstbki` bkh jkhuitbki` ae tn`s` snart cjk`s br` cuop`h \7_.
4.8.2.2.4 O`hjuo trbksojssjak Cjk`
Xn` trbksojssjak cjk` nbvjkg jts `ee`itjv` c`kgtn oar` tnbk >6 lo dut c`ss tnbk 486 lo js
g`k`rbccy r`e`rr`h ta bs b o`hjuo trbksojssjak cjk`. Hu` ta tn` cjk` c`kgtn d`jkg
iaksjh`rbdcy njgn, bhojttbki` ae tn` k`twarl ha`s pcby b rac` jk ibciucbtjkg tn` `ee`itjv`
ijriujt pbrbo`t`rs, ukcjl` jk tn` ibs` ae snart trbksojssjak cjk`s. Ear tnjs r`bsak tn`
oah`cjkg ae b o`hjuo c`kgtn trbksojssjak cjk` js hak` usjkg cuop`h snukt bhojttbki`
bcakg wjtn tn` cuop`h jop`hbki` jk s`rj`s ta tn` ijriujt \7_.
4.8.2.2.9 Cakg Xrbksojssjak Cjk`
B paw`r trbksojssjak cjk` wjtn jts `ee`itjv` c`kgtn ae braukh 486 lo ar bdav` js r`e`rr`h
ta bs b cakg trbksojssjak cjk`. Ibciucbtjaks r`cbt`h ta ijriujt pbrbo`t`rs ae suin b paw`r
trbksojssjak js kat tnbt sjopc`, bs wbs tn` ibs` ear b snart ar o`hjuo trbksojssjak cjk`.
Xn` r`bsak d`jkg tnbt, tn` `ee`itjv` ijriujt c`kgtn jk tnjs ibs` js ouin njgn`r tnbk wnbt jt
wbs ear tn` earo`r oah`cs (cakg bkh o`hjuo cjk`) bkh, tnus rucjkg aut tn`
bppraxjobtjaks iaksjh`r`h tn`r` cjl` \7_.
4.8.2.4 Pkh`rgraukh Xrbksojssjak Cjk`
Pkh`rgraukh cjk`s br` b v`ry r`cjbdc` o`bk ae trbksojttjkg `c`itrji paw`r, dut tnraugn b s`t ae
njgncy jksucbt`h ibdc`s durj`h cjt`rbccy ukh`r `brtn ta ojkjojs` tn` `ee`its ae `kvjrako`ktbc
nbzbrhs ta tn` paw`r syst`o. Pkh`rgraukh ibdc`s nbv` hjee`r`kt t`inkjibc r`qujr`o`kts tnbk
av`rn`bh cjk`s bkh nbv` hjee`r`kt `kvjrako`ktbc jopbits. Hu` ta tn`jr hjee`r`kt pnysjibc,
`kvjrako`ktbc, bkh iakstruitjak k``hs, ukh`rgraukh trbksojssjak g`k`rbccy iasts oar` bkh oby
d` oar` iaopcjibt`h ta iakstruit tnbk av`rn`bh cjk`s. Ejgur` 4.7 r`v`bcs b cbrg` ibpbijty njgncy
s`iur`h ukh`rgraukh paw`r trbksojssjak cjk` jk b ukh`rgraukh tukk`c.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
31/82
27
Ejgur` 4.7= Cbrg` Ibpbijty Pkh`rgraukh Vaw`r Xrbksojssjak Cjk`
Xn` h`sjgk bkh iakstruitjak ae ukh`rgraukh trbksojssjak cjk`s hjee`r erao av`rn`bh cjk`s
d`ibus` ae twa sjgkjejibkt t`inkjibc inbcc`kg`s tnbt k``h ta d` av`riao`. Vravjhjkg sueejij`kt
jksucbtjak sa tnbt ibdc`s ibk d` wjtnjk jkin`s ae graukh`h obt`rjbc< bkh hjssjpbtjkg tn` n`bt
prahui`h hurjkg tn` ap`rbtjak ae tn` `c`itrjibc ibdc`s. Av`rn`bh cjk`s br` s`pbrbt`h erao `bin
atn`r bkh surraukh`h dy bjr. Ap`k bjr ijriucbtjkg d`tw``k bkh braukh tn` iakhuitars iaacs tn`
wjr`s bkh hjssjpbt`s n`bt v`ry `ee`itjv`cy. Bjr bcsa pravjh`s jksucbtjak tnbt ibk r`iav`r je tn`r` js
b ecbsnav`r. Jk iaktrbst, b kuod`r ae hjee`r`kt syst`os, obt`rjbcs, bkh iakstruitjak o`tnahs nbv`
d``k us`h hurjkg tn` cbst i`ktury jk arh`r ta binj`v` tn` k`i`ssbry jksucbtjak bkh n`bt hjssjpbtjak
r`qujr`h ear ukh`rgraukhjkg trbksojssjak cjk`s.
4.8.2.9 Gbs Jksucbt`h Xrbksojssjak Cjk` (GJC)
Gbs jksucbt`h trbksojssjak cjk`s (GJC) br` b o`bks ae ducl `c`itrji paw`r trbksojssjak bt `xtrb
njgn vactbg`. GJC iaksjsts ae tuducbr bcuojkjuo iakhuitars `kibs`h jk b o`tbccji tud` tnbt js
ejcc`h wjtn b ojxtur` ae sucpnur n`xbecuarjh` (YE5) bkh kjtrag`k gbs`s ear `c`itrjibc jksucbtjak.
Yjki` tn` ejrst jkstbccbtjak ae GJC jk 2:70, s`iakh g`k`rbtjak GJC nbs d``k h`v`cap`h tnbt js
oar` `iakaojibccy vjbdc` bkh jts h`sjgk aptjojs`h datn ear jkstbccbtjak bkh ap`rbtjak. Wn`r`
GJC js jkstbcc`h jk iaodjkbtjak wjtn gbs jksucbt`h swjting`br (GJY), iaopbit sacutjaks ibk d`
h`cjv`r`h jk arh`r ta suppcy cbrg` boaukts ae `c`itrji paw`r ta o``t tn` njgn h`obkh ae cbrg`
ijtj`s bkh jkhustry. Xn`s` k`w passjdjcjtj`s ibk ojtjgbt` paw`r ecaw pradc`os, r`hui` tn` rjsl ae
ebjcur` ae `c`itrjibc trbksojssjak syst`os bkh `kbdc` tn` jkstbccbtjak ae aptjouo sacutjaks
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
32/82
2>
r`gbrhjkg t`inkjibc, `iakaojibc bkh `kvjrako`ktbc bsp`its. Ejgur` 4.> js bk `xbopc` ae b 496
lU GJC ukh`r iakstruitjak jk Obssbinus`tts, PYB \>_.
Ejgur` 4.>= Gbs Jksucbt`h Xrbksojssjak Cjk` (GJC)
4.0 Hjstrjdutjak ae @c`itrji Vaw`r
@c`itrji hjstrjdutjak syst`o js suin b pbrt ae paw`r syst`o wnjin hjstrjdut`s `c`itrjijty ear caibciaksuoptjak. Xn` `c`itrjibc `k`rgy prahui`s bt tn` g`k`rbtjkg stbtjak js iakv`y`h ta tn`
iaksuo`rs tnraugn b k`twarl ae hjstrjdutjak syst`o, bet`r jt nbs d``k trbksojtt`h av`r b
trbksojssjak grjh. Xn`r`ear`, g`k`rbccy, hjstrjdutjak syst`o js tn` `c`itrjibc syst`o d`tw``k tn`
sud-stbtjak e`h dy tn` trbksojssjak syst`o bkh tn` iaksuo`rs o`t`rs.
Ejgur` 4.:= G`k`rbtjak ta Hjstrjdutjak
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
33/82
2:
Jk Dbkgcbh`sn, iurr`ktcy 5 s`oj-butakaoaus iaopbkj`s br` iaktrjdutjkg ta hjstrjdut` paw`r,
erao obkbgjkg tn` jkhustrjbc k`i`ssjty ta cjgntjkg tn` r`oat`st br`b ae tn` iauktry. Bcc ae tn`o
br` kat akcy purinbsjkg `c`itrjijty erao DVHD bkh s`ccjkg tn`o ta tn` iaksuo`rs, dut bcsa
obkbgjkg kuo`raus kuod`rs ae sud-stbtjaks bkh hjstrjdutjak k`twarls jkicuhjkg pac`
trbksearo`rs bkh zakbc ukh`rgraukh ibdc`s. Xn`s` dahj`s br`
2. Hnblb Vaw`r Hjstrjdutjak Iaopbky Cjojt`h (HVHI)4. Hnblb @c`itrji Yuppcy Iaopbky Cjojt`h (H@YIA)9. W`st ]ak` Vaw`r Hjstrjdutjak Iaopbky Cjojt`h (W]VHIC)8. Kartn-W`st ]ak` Vaw`r Hjstrjdutjak Cjojt`h (KW]VHIC)0. Yautn ]ak` Vaw`r Hjstrjdutjak Iaopbky Cjojt`h (Y]VHIC)5. Turbc @c`itrjejibtjak Dabrh (T@D)
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
34/82
46
Inbpt`r 9
Av`rvj`w ae Hnblb @c`itrji Yuppcy Iaopbky (H@YIA) Cjojt`h
9.2 Njstary ae Vaw`r Jkhustry jk Dbkgcbh`sn
9.2.2 Xn` D`gjkkjkg
Xn` `c`itrjijty suppcy jkhustry jk Yautn-@bst`rk Bsjb stbrt`h wjtn tn` iaoojssjakjkg ae tn` ejrst
paw`r stbtjak jk 2>:6. Bctnaugn b kuod`r ae sobcc stbtjaks w`r` iakstruit`h av`r tn` k`xt 46
y`brs, tn`s` stbtjaks w`r` jsacbt`h, ibt`rjkg ta sobcc hjstrjdutjak k`twarls s`rvjkg tn` obmar
urdbk i`kt`rs.
Xn` ejrst `eeart ta struitur` b c`gbc erbo`warl ear tn` jkhustry ibo` jk 2:26 wjtn tn` `kbito`kt
ae tn` Jkhjbk @c`itrjijty Bit, 2:26. Xnjs Bit saugnt ta r`gucbt` tn` dusjk`ss ae jkhustry stjcc
dbs`h ak tn` ach iaki`pt ae jsacbt`h prjvbt`cy awk`h hjstrjdutjak k`twarls e`h dy sobcc
g`k`rbtjak stbtjaks & `ss`ktjbccy h`ejk`h tn` rjgnts & adcjgbtjaks ae tn` suppcj`r bkh tn`
iaksuo`r.
9.2.4 @WBVHB, Gav`rko`kt Oakapacy
Jk 2:87, bt tn` tjo` ae jkh`p`kh`ki` ae sudiaktjk`kt, tn` jkstbcc`h g`k`rbtjkg ibpbijty jk tn` tn`k
@bst Vbljstbk wbs akcy 42 OW. @c`itrjijty wbs bvbjcbdc` ta akcy sobcc `cjt` jk tn` hjstrjit bkh
sud-hjvjsjakbc n`bhqubrt`rs. Xn` hjstrjdutjak k`twarls jk tn`s` ijtj`s w`r` jsacbt`h bkh w`r` e`h
dy iabc ejr`h st`bo paw`r pcbkts ar hj`s`c g`k`rbtjak. Jk bk `eeart ta `xp`hjtjauscy bugo`kt
g`k`rbtjak ibpbijty ta e``h b h`v`capo`kt `iakaoy, tn` tn`k Gav`rko`kt ae Vbljstbk jssu`h bk
arhjkbki` jk 2:0: ir`btjkg tn` @bst Vbljstbk Wbt`r bkh Vaw`r H`v`capo`kt Butnarjty
(@WBVHB). Xn` Arhjkbki` `ss`ktjbccy pravjh`h ear tn` Gav`rko`kts tbl`av`r ae bcc
G`k`rbtjak, Xrbksojssjak bkh Hjstrjdutjak ebijcjtj`s erao tn` prjvbt` s`itar, tn`r`dy ir`btjkg b
tatbc Gav`rko`kt oakapacy jk tn` s`itar. Hurjkg 2:56s bkh 2:76s tn` g`k`rbtjak ibpbijty ae tn`
tn`k @bst Vbljstbk ras` erao >> OW ta 870 OW, suppcj`h cbrg`cy dy kbturbc gbs bkh ajc ejr`h
st`bo paw`r bkh nyhra pcbkts. Xn` k`twarls ae Hnblb bkh Injttbgakg bkh tn`k d``k
jkt`riakk`it`h naw`v`r wjtn w`bl 294 LU cjkls.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
35/82
42
9.2.9 DVHD, Tbpjh H`v`capo`kt
Ynartcy bet`r tn` ir`btjak ae bk Jkh`p`kh`kt Dbkgcbh`sn, jk 2:74, tn` ejrst Gav`rko`kt ae
Dbkgcbh`sn, jk bk `eeart ta sp``h up tn` jkv`sto`kt jk tn` s`itar jssu`h bk Arhjkbki` ir`btjkg tn`
Dbkgcbh`sn Vaw`r H`v`capo`kt Dabrh (DVHD) bs tn` suii`ssar argbkjzbtjak ae tn` paw`r sjh`
ae @WBVHB. Xn` Arhjkbki` r`iagkjz`h tn` hjv`rg`ki` ae `k`rgy r`cbt`h jssu`s jk h`v`capo`kt.
Hurjkg 2:74 ta 2::0, DVHD nbs jkir`bs`h tn` g`k`rbtjkg ibpbijty jk tn` iauktry ta 4>2> OW,
bkh tn` c`kgtn ae jts 496 bkh 294 LU trbksojssjak k`twarls ta 82: LO bkh 485: LO. Ear tn`
ejrst tjo` jk H`i`od`r 2:>4, tn` `bst`rk bkh w`st`rk nbcv`s ae tn` iauktry w`r` `c`itrjibccy
iakk`it`h tnraugn tn` iaoojssjakjkg ae haudc` ijriujt 496 LU trbksojssjak cjk` birass tn`
Zboukb Tjv`r `k`rgjz`h bt 294 LU d`tw``k Jsnwbrhj bkh Xakgj ibcc`h tn` ejrst @bst-W`st
Jkt`riakk`itar. G`k`rbtjak sauri`s w`r` hjv`rsjej`h ta jkicuh` b 496 OW nyhrapaw`r stbtjak bt
Lbptbj ak tn` Lbrkbpnucj Tjv`r bkh kbturbc gbs bkh jopart`h eu`c dbs`h, ap`k bkh iaodjk`h
iyic` paw`r pcbkts bt hjee`r`kt caibtjaks ae @bst`rk bkh W`st`rk pbrt ae tn` iauktry. Xn`
hjstrjdutjak k`twarls ae bcc obmar tawks bkh ijtj`s nbh d``k cjkl`h tnraugn 496 LU bkh 294 LU
jkt`r-tj`s.
9.2.8 T@D, Turbc H`v`capo`kt
Jk arh`r ta jkt`ksjey tn` pbi` ae rurbc `c`itrjejibtjak, tn` Gav`rko`kt jssu`h bk arhjkbki` jk 2:77
`stbdcjsnjkg tn` Turbc @c`itrjejibtjak Dabrh (T@D), b s`oj-butakaoaus bg`kiy inbrg`h wjtn tn`
r`spaksjdjcjty ae pcbkkjkg, h`v`capjkg, ejkbkijkg bkh iakstruitjak ae rurbc hjstrjdutjak k`twarls,
praoatjkg tn` `stbdcjsno`kt ae 76 Turbc @c`itrji Iaap`rbtjv`s (Vbccj Djhyut Ybojtj`s VDY),
nbkhjkg av`r tn` iakstruit`h rurbc k`twarls ta tn`o, bssjstjkg tn` VDYs ta ap`rbt` bkh objktbjk
tn` rurbc k`twarls bkh oakjtarjkg tn`jr ejkbkijbc p`rearobki`s. Xn` T@D nbs sa ebr iakstruit`h
av`r 49:,92> Lo ae hjstrjdutjak cjk`s bkh pravjh`h av`r : ojccjak iaksuo`rs iakk`itjaks jk tn`
rurbc br`bs (Muk`, 4624).
9.2.0 H@YB, DVHDs T`cj`v` erao Hnblb
Erao 2:>5 akwbrhs, tn` iaoo`rijbc p`rearobki` ae tn` DVHD h`t`rjarbt`h bkh hurjkg 2::6,
DVHDs bv`rbg` grass syst`os cass wbs bdaut 84 p`ri`kt bkh biiaukts r`i`jvbdc`s jk `xi`ss ae
5.0 oaktns ae djccjkg. Xnjs p`rearobki` wbs kat eaukh r`bsakbdc` ta tn` iav`kbkts bgr``h dy tn`
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
36/82
44
Gav`rko`kt bkh DVHD wjtn tn` Bsjbk H`v`capo`kt Dbkl (BHD) bkh tn` Warch Dbkl. @xp`rts
r`v`bc`h, tn` nug` iav`rbg` br`bs w`r` prav`k hjeejiuct ta nbkhc` sjkgc`nbkh`hcy dy tn` dabrh.
Xn`r`ear`, ta c`ss`k tn` bhojkjstrbtjv` durh`k ak DVHDs obkbg`o`kt, jk 2::6, bkatn`r
arhjkbki` wbs jssu`h, wnjin wbs suds`qu`ktcy `kbit`h bs bk Bit trbkse`rrjkg tn` 294 LU bkh 99
LU Xrbksojssjak bkh hjstrjdutjak syst`o jk tn` Gr`bt`r Hnblb Br`b jkicuhjkg tn` O`trapacjtbk
Ijty ta b k`wcy ir`bt`h Gav`rko`kt bg`kiy ibcc`h tn` Hnblb @c`itrji Yuppcy Butnarjty (H@YB).
9.4 Hnblb @c`itrji Yuppcy Iaopbky CXH (H@YIA)
Hnblb @c`itrji Yuppcy Ia. Cth. (H@YIA) wbs ir`bt`h bs b hjstrjdutjak iaopbky jk Kav`od`r
2::5 ukh`r tn` Iaopbky Bit 2::8 bs b Vudcji Cjojt`h Iaopbky wjtn bk Butnarjz`h Ibpjtbc ae
0.66 djccjak DHX. Naw`v`r, tn` ap`rbtjakbc bitjvjtj`s ae H@YIA iaoo`ki`h ak Y`pt`od`r 48,
2::> wjtn tn` tbljkg av`r ae Ojrpur br`b erao `rstwnjc` H@YB wjtn b iaksuo`r str`kgtn ae
72,252 bkh b cabh h`obkh ae :6 OW. Jk tn` suds`qu`kt y`brs ae suii`sseuc ap`rbtjaks bkh
p`rearobki`s, tn` ap`rbtjakbc br`b ae H@YIA wbs `xpbkh`h tnraugn jkicusjak ae Gr`bt`r
Gucsnbk Ijric` jk Bprjc, 4669 bkh Xakgj Oukjijpbc Br`b jk Obrin, 4667. Xn` tatbc iaksuo`r
str`kgtn stbkhs bt 068,749 bs ae Muk`, 4624 wjtn b obxjouo cabh h`obkh ae 720 OW \:_. Xn`
br`b, bdaut 406 squbr` ljcao`t`rs ukh`r s`rvji` ae tn` Iaopbky, iaoprjs`s tn` br`bs daukh`h
dy
Gr`bt`r Ojrpur Br`b Bgbrgbak Br`b Tal`yb Ybrbkj Djmay Ybrbkj Gr`bt`r Gucsnbk Br`b
Gr`bt`r Pttbrb Br`b Dbrjhnbrb Br`b K`w Bjrpart Tabh Obyo`ksnjkg Tabh
Oanblnbcj Mn``c Tbopurb Mn``c Kartn-W`st`rk pbrt ae Dbcu Tjv`r @bst`rk pbrt ae Xurbg Tjv`r Xakgj Oukjijpbc Br`b
Vurdbinbc Oah`c Xawk Pttbrlnbk Br`b Hblnjklnbk Br`b
Joo`hjbt`cy bet`r tbl`k av`r erao H@YB, H@YIAs adcjgbtjak w`r`,
Ap`rbtjak bkh objkt`kbki` ae sudstbtjaks bkh hjstrjdutjak cjk`.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
37/82
49
Iaoo`rijbc eukitjak (djccjkg, iaksuo`r biiauktjkg, hjsiakk`itjak bkh r`-iakk`itjak aeiaksuo`rs, t`stjkg bkh jkstbccbtjak ae iaksuo`r o`t`r `ti.)
Vcbkkjkg, h`sjgk bkh jkstbccbtjak ae k`w hjstrjdutjak k`twarl.
9.4.2 Obkpaw`r & T`irujto`kt
H@YIA r`irujts jts `opcay``s tnraugn ap`k bhv`rtjs`o`kt. Xn` qubcjejibtjak bkh `xp`rj`ki`
r`qujr`o`kt w`r` ejxjkg up biiarhjkg ta tn` r`qujr`o`kt ear p`rearojkg tn`jr hutj`s bkh
r`spaksjdjcjtj`s bgbjkst tn` r`sp`itjv` past. Objkcy tnas` wna nbv` sueejij`kt `xp`rj`ki` jk tn`
ej`ch ae utjcjty argbkjzbtjak br` s`c`it`h ak b o`rjt dbsjs. Xn`y w`r` `opcay`h ak cakg-t`ro
iaktrbit`h dbsjs ukh`r tn` H@YIA's s`rvji` ruc`s bpprav`h dy jts Dabrh ae Hjr`itars.
9.4.4 Iaoo`rijbc Ap`rbtjak
9.4.4.2 Xbrjee Y`ttjkg
D`jkg b iaoo`rijbc argbkjzbtjak, H@YIA nbv` ta inbrg` ear `c`itrjijty jt hjstrjdut`s, ak b "iast
pcus p`rearobki` dbs`h r`turk" prjkijpc` ta iav`r jts ibpjtbc iasts, ap`rbtjak iasts bs w`cc bs ta
tbrg`t b past-tbx r`turk ae 20 p`ri`kt ak jts `qujty. Jt js tn`r`ear` prapas`h tnbt, tjcc tn`
r`iaoo`khbtjaks ae tn` tbrjee stuhy ta d` iakhuit`h wjtn Warch Dbkl ejkbkijkg br` bvbjcbdc`,
H@YIA inbrg` b iast - pcus-ejx`h- r`turk" tbrjee erao jts iaksuo`rs.
Ibciucbtjak ae H@YIA's tbrjee hurjkg 2::7-4662 wjcc d` dbs`h ak tn` `stjobt`h iasts ae tn`
bss`ts jkjtjbccy ta d` trbkse`rr`h ta jt dy H@YB, tn` Kjktn Vaw`r Vram`it iast bkh bky atn`r
hakars snbr`. Naw`v`r, tn`s` ibciucbtjaks wjcc d` ear jccustrbtjv` purpas`s akcy bkh tn` bitubc
tbrjees wjcc d` dbs`h ak tn` iasts bitubccy jkiurr`h bkh tn` ear`jgk `xinbkg` vbcu` ae tn` Xblb bs
iaoput`h `bin y`br.
9.4.4.4 Xbrjee Tbt`
B k`w tbrjee rbt` wjtn r`sp`it ta r`tbjc sbc`s ae `c`itrjijty ae Hnblb @c`itrji Yuppcy Iaopbky
Cth. (H@YIA) nbs d``k obh` `ee`itjv` jk ibs` ae `c`itrjijty usbg`s erao 62 Y`pt`od`r 4624.
Xbdc` 9.2 snaws vbrjaus Xbrjee Tbt`s.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
38/82
48
YC Iaksuo`r Ibt`gary V`r Pkjt
Tbt` (Xl.)
2 Ibt`gary-B = T`sjh`ktjbc
b. Ejrst Yt`p = Erao 66 ta 70 ukjts 9.99
d. Y`iakh Yt`p = Erao 75 ta 466 ukjts 8.79
i. Xnjrh Yt`p = Erao 462 ta 966 ukjts 8.>9
h. Eaurtn Yt`p = Erao 962 ta 866 ukjts 8.:9
`. Ejetn Yt`p = Erao 862 ta 566 ukjts 7.:>
e. Yjxtn Yt`p = Bdav` 566 ukjts :.9>
4 Ibt`gary-D = Bgrjiucturbc puopjkg 4.02
9 Ibt`gary-I = Yobcc Jkhustrj`s
b. Ecbt Tbt` 5.:0
d. Aee-V`bl Xjo` 0.:5
i. V`bl Xjo` >.87
8 Ibt`gary-H = Kak-T`sjh`ktjbc (Cjgnt & Vaw`r) 8.09
0 Ibt`gary-@ = Iaoo`rijbc Bkh Aeeji`
B Ecbt Tbt` :.66
D Aee-V`bl Xjo` 7.44
I V`bl Xjo` 22.>05 Ibt`gary-E = O`hjuo Uactbg`, G`k`rbc Vurpas` (22 LU)
B Ecbt Tbt` 5.>2
D Aee-V`bl Xjo` 0.:5
I V`bl Xjo` :.99
7 Ibt`gary-N = Njgn Uactbg`, G`k`rbc Vurpas` (99 LU)
B Ecbt Tbt` 5.8>
D Aee-V`bl Xjo` 0.>7
I V`bl Xjo` :.28
> Ibt`gary-M = Ytr``t Cjgnt bkh Wbt`r Vuops 5.8>
Xbdc` 9.2= Ubrjaus Xbrjee Tbt`
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
39/82
40
9.4.4.9 Y`rvji` Gubrbkty
Xbdc` 9.4 bkh 9.9 snaws tn` s`rvji` gubrbkty ear CXJ bkh CX bkh NX iaksuo`r r`sp`itjv`cy.
Ear CXJ & CX iaksuo`r
O`t`r &s`rvji` hrap inbkg`, cabh
`xt`ksjak & atn`rs
O`t`r & s`rvji` hrap inbkg` Bppcjibtjak erao iaksuo`r
H`pasjt TI-HI e`` XL= 2466
Vby bcc autstbkhjkg djccs
Cabh `xt`ksjak &atn`rs Bppcjibtjak dy iaksuo`r
Vby bcc autstbkhjkg djccs
H`pasjt TI-HI e`` &atn`r djccs bs bppcjibdc`
Caibtjak ae av`rn`bh cjk`s, pac`s, P/G
`c`itrji ibdc` cjk`
Obp bttbin`h/IH
Xbdc` 9.4= Y`rvji` Gubrbkty ear CXJ bkh CX Iaksuo`rs
Ear NX iaksuo`r (22 LU)
Awk Xrbksearo`r objkt`kbki`prai`hur`
Xrbksearo`r objkt`kbki` & inbkg`, Hrap aut eus`inbkg`, Cjgnt`kjkg brr`st`r inbkg` bkh atn`rs
Xrbksearo`r objkt`kbki` Bppcjibtjak erao iaksuo`r
H`pasjt snuthawk e`` XL=8456 je e``h`r snuthawk
r`qujr`h TI-HI e`` XL= 2466 je e``h`r snuthawk kat
r`qujr`h
Bcc pbyo`kt oust d` obh` tnraugn Dbkl
Xrbksearo`r inbkg` Bppcjibtjak erao iaksuo`r
H`pasjt snuthawk e`` XL= 8456 je e``h`r snuthawk
r`qujr`h TI-HI e`` XL= 2466 je e``h`r snuthawk kat
r`qujr`h
Bcc pbyo`kt oust d` obh` tnraugn Dbkl
V`rojssjak erao I@J
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
40/82
45
Hrap aut eus`, Cjgnt`kjkg brr`st`r
inbkg`
Bppcjibtjak erao iaksuo`r
H`pasjt snuthawk e`` XL=8456 je e``h`r snuthawk
r`qujr`h Bcc pbyo`kt oust d` obh` tnraugn Dbkl
Xbdc` 9.9= Y`rvji` Gubrbkty ear NX Iaksuo`rs
9.4.9 Ujsjak & Ojssjak
9.4.9.2 Ujsjak
Xa d` b rac`-oah`c `c`itrji suppcy iaopbky jk tn` r`gjak usjkg oast h`p`khbdc`
t`inkacagy bkh d` b h`v`capo`kt pbrtk`r jk tn` iaktjkuaus w`cebr` ae tn` saij`ty.
9.4.9.4 Ojssjak
Y`rvji` ta tn` utoast sbtjsebitjak ae iaksuo`rs tnraugn r`cjbdc` bkh ukjkt`rrupt`h paw`r
suppcy bkh pravjh` vbcu` ear oak`y. Vravjh` iakg`kjbc warljkg `kvjrako`kt ear
`opcay``s.
9.4.9.9 Iarparbt` Vnjcasapny
Y`rvji` `xi`cc`ki` wjtn jkt`grjty bkh iarparbt` saijbc r`spaksjdjcjty.
9.9 H@YIA Ap`rbtjak Hbtb
9.9.2 X`inkjibc Njgncjgnt
Vbrtjiucbr 466:-4626 4626-4622 4622-4624
99/22LU Yud-Ytbtjak (ka.) 42 44 40
Ibpbijty ae 99/22LU Yud-Ytbtjak 776/267> >>6/2494 :>6/2974
Obxjouo H`obkh (OW) 544 586 720
99LU Av`rn`bh Cjk` (LO) >4.> >4.> >4.>
99LU Pkh`rgraukh Cjk` (LO) 46> 420 4:8
22LU Av`rn`bh Cjk` (LO) 2627 2688 26>8
22LU Pkh`rgraukh Cjk` (LO) 906 956 9:6
CX Cjk` (LO) 2572 2727 2778
Hjstrjdutjak Xrbksearo`r (ka.) 8>26 8:9> 0447
Xbdc` 9.8= X`inkjibc Njgncjgnt ae H@YIA
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
41/82
47
Bdav` Xbdc` 9.8 gjv`s b drj`e t`inkjibc njstary ae H@YIA. Jt js ic`br, tnbt `v`ry sjkgc` t`inkjibc
`qujpo`kts br` jkir`bsjkg grbhubccy.
9.9.4 Iaoo`rijbc Njgncjgnt
Vbrtjiucbrs 466:-4626 4626-4622 4622-4624
@k`rgy Jopart (OLWn) 4:99 9244 9862
@k`rgy Jopart (OXl) 7>80 >>62 29947
@k`rgy Ybc`s (OLWn) 4579 4>8> 9222
@k`rgy Ybc`s (OXl) 26:22 24866 256:8
Yyst`o Cass (%) >.>5 >.7: >.08
Iacc`itjak Tbtja (%) :>.70 :>.:5 :>.08
I.J Tbtja (%) :6 :6.45 :6.29
Iaksuo`r Kas. 88524: 88:659 068749
T`i`jvbdc`/Ybc`s (%) 46.5: 2:.:5 2>.08
Xbdc` 9.0= Iaoo`rijbc Njgncjgnt ae H@YIA
Erao tn` Xbdc` 9.0, jt js ic`br tnbt, 4622-24 wbs tn` d`st y`br jk t`ros ae syst`o cass. Yyst`o
cass pbrbo`t`r js ae tn` objk pbrbo`t`r ear muhgjkg bky `c`itrji suppcy iaopbky. Yyst`o cass js
kaw ukh`r 4 hjgjts, jt js >.08. 4622-24 wbs tn` oast suii`sseuc y`br jk t`ros ae IJ rbtja,
Iacc`itjak rbtja. Wn`k iacc`itjak rbtja js h`ir`bs`h tn`k IJ rbtja h`ir`bs`s bkh syst`o cass
jkir`bs`s.
9.9.9 Grawtn ae tn` Iaopbky
Xn` Iaopbkys grawtn ibk d` d`tt`r iaki`jv`h dy tn` ejgur`s bkh grbpns pr`s`kt`h jk tnjs
r`part. Ytbrtjkg erao b iaksuo`r dbs` ae 72,666 wjtn cabh h`obkh ae :6 OW jk 2::>, tn`
Iaopbky nbs grawk ta ibt`r bdaut 0, 68,749 iaksuo`rs bs ae Muk` 96, 4624. Xn` snbr`nach`rs
`qujty jkir`bs`h erao Xl. :,:2: ojccjak cbst y`br ta Xl. 26,009 ojccjak, r`iarhjkg b grawtn ae
5.9:% hurjkg tn` y`br.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
42/82
4>
9.8 V`rearobki`
9.8.2 Iaksuoptjak Vbtt`rk
Earo tn` inbrt 9.2 d`caw, jt js ic`brcy s``k tnbt oar` tnbk 06% ae tn` iaksuoptjak br` sudm`it ta
r`sjh`ktjbc k`i`ssjtj`s. K`brcy 97% ae tn` paw`r js iaksuo`h jk jkhustrjbc ebitarj`s. Xn` r`st br`
us`h `jtn`r jk iaoo`rijbc purpas` ar atn`r kak-sjgkjejibkt purpas`.
Inbrt 9.2= Iaksuoptjak Vbtt`rk
9.8.4 Iaksuo`r Ojx
Bs gjv`k jk inbrt 9.4, k`brcy 806 tnausbkh iaksuo`rs br` r`sjh`ktjbc, oar` tnbk 26 tjo`s tn`
kuod`rs ae iaoo`rijbc iaksuo`rs, wnjin br` k`brcy 86,666. Xn` oast sjgkjejibkt ejkhjkg ae tnjs
inbrt js tnbt akcy 2.4% ae tatbc iaksuo`rs br` jkhustrjbc iaksuo`rs wna iaksuo` oar` tnbk ak`
tnjrh ae tn` tatbc paw`r.
Inbrt 9.4= Iaksuo`r Ojx
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
43/82
4:
9.8.9 Iaksuoptjak Grawtn
Inbrt 9.9 snaws tn` grawtn ae iaksuoptjak jk tn` cbst e`w y`brs. Jt js ic`brcy s``k tnbt tn`
r`sjh`ktjbc iaksuoptjak nbs jkir`bs`h bkh k`brcy haudc`h wnjc` iaoo`rijbc bkh atn`r purpas`
iaksuoptjaks br` nbrhcy jkir`bs`h. Jkhustrjbc iaksuoptjak nbs bcsa jkir`bs`h sjgkjejibktcy.
Inbrt 9.9= Iaksuoptjak Grawtn
9.0 Bitjvjtj`s ae H@YIA
9.0.2 X`inkjibc Bitjvjtj`s
Obmar t`inkjibc bitjvjtj`s iaopc`t`h hurjkg tn` y`br 4622-24 br` njgncjgnt`h d`caw=
9.0.2.2 Yudstbtjak= H@YIA bcwbys e``cs ta d` iaksjst`kt wjtn cabh grawtn bkh ibpbijty`knbki`o`kt. Bs suin jt taal vbrjaus pram`its ear ibpbijty dujchjkg. Jk EZ 4622-24 tn` iaopbky
jkstbcc`h t`st`h bkh iaoojssjak`h tn` eaccawjkg 0 (ejv`) 99/22 LU sudstbtjaks (Xbdc` 9.5) wjtnjk
jts murjshjitjak=
Kbo` ae Yudstbtjak Hbt` ae Iaopc`tjak Ibpbijty
Nbzrbt Ynbnmbcbc Jkt`rkbtjakbc Bjrpart (IBBD) Mucy 67, 4622 4 46/4> OUB
Ojrpur HANY Bugust 4>, 4622 4 46/4> OUB
Pttbrb Y`pt`od`r 42, 4622 9 46/4> OUB
Ojrpur Ach Aitad`r 20, 4622 9 46/4> OUB
Dbukjb H`i`od`r 96, 4622 4 46/28 OUB
Xatbc Ibpbijty Jkir`bs`h 446/96> OUB
Xbdc` 9.5= Jkstbcc`h Yudstbtjaks jk 4622-4624
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
44/82
96
9.0.2.4 @c`itrji Cjk` Iakstruitjak= Hurjkg cbst ejkbkijbc y`br H@YIA iaopc`t`h tn` `xpbksjak
bkh up grbhbtjak ae jts sauri` cjk` bkh hjstrjdutjak k`twarl bs stbt`h jk Xbdc` 9.7.
Xbdc` 9.7= @xpbksjak bkh Pp grbhbtjak ae Cjk`
9.0.2.9 Hjstrjdutjak Xrbksearo`r= Jk arh`r ta ibt`r tn` jkir`bsjkg cabh h`obkh bkh `knbki`cabh ibpbijty, H@YIA jkstbcc`h bs obky bs 452 kas. ae 22/6.8 LU, 9-pnbs` 466 LUB bkh 4>
kas. ae sjkgc` pnbs` trbksearo`rs, jk bhhjtjak ta iaksuo`rs awk trbksearo`rs. Xbdc` 9.> snaws
tn` iurr`kt jkerbstruitur` ae H@YIA.
Xbdc` 9.>= Iurr`kt Jkerbstruitur` ae H@YIA
9.0.4 Iaoo`rijbc Bitjvjtj`s
Obmar iaoo`rijbc bitjvjtj`s ukh`rtbl`k hurjkg tn` y`br br` njgncjgnt`h d`caw=
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
45/82
92
Hjsiakk`itjak / T`iakk`itjaks
Hjsiakk`itjak ae `c`itrji cjk` nbs d``k iaksjh`r`h ta d` bk `ee`itjv` taac ta r`iav`r
autstbkhjkg djccs/hu`s. Dy bppcyjkg tnjs taac b tatbc kuod`r ae 99,474 h`ebuctjkg
iaksuo`rs s`rvji`s w`r` hjsiakk`it`h hurjkg tn` y`br. Oar`av`r, 20,975 jcc`gbc
iaksuo`r s`rvji`s w`r` trbi`h bkh hjsiakk`it`h hurjkg tn` y`br.
Hurjkg tn` y`br, 4:,08> iaksuo`rs w`r` gjv`k r`-iakk`itjak ak r`iav`ry ae tn`jr
autstbkhjkg hu`s bkh r`bcjzbtjak ae p`kbcty bs bppcjibdc`. Bk bggr`gbt` boaukt ae Xl.
075.:6 ojccjak wbs r`bcjz`h erao tn` h`ebuctjkg iaksuo`rs bkh Xl. 26.0: ojccjak bgbjkst
p`kbc/suppc`o`ktbry djccs.
K`w Iakk`itjaks
Xnjs y`br 00,556 k`w iakk`itjaks nbv` d``k bhh`h ta aur syst`o. Wjtn tn`s` k`w
iakk`itjaks, tn` tatbc kuod`r ae `c`itrji iakk`itjaks ukh`r H@YIA bt tn` `kh ae tn`
ejkbkijbc y`br stbkhs bt 0, 68,749.
@k`rgy Ybvjkg & Ps` ae Bct`rkbtjv` @k`rgy= Vaw`r sbvjkg o`bks Vaw`r g`k`rbtjak.
Bjojkg tnjs oatta, H@YIA nbs ukh`rtbl`k hjee`r`kt st`ps ta `kiaurbg` tn` iaksuo`rs
ear usjkg `k`rgy `eejij`kt bppcjbki`s jk tn`jr nao`s / aeeji`s, turkjkg ae cjgnts bkh ebks
wn`k kat jk us` bkh r`pcbijkg tn` ach`r jkibkh`si`kt cbop dy IEC (Iaopbit Ecar`si`kt
Cbop) `ti. dy o`bks ae hjstrjdutjkg c`be-c`t, hjspcbyjkg past`r bkh e`staaks.
Xa `kiaurbg` tn` us` ae r`k`wbdc` `k`rgy, H@YIA `ksur`h jkstbccbtjak ae `ia-erj`khcy
Yacbr Vbk`c ae ibpbijty braukh 4.7 OW dy 4,8:2 kas. ae iaksuo`rs bt tn`jr pr`ojs`s up
ta Muk` 96, 4624 jk cjk` wjtn tn` Gav`rko`kt pacjiy. H@YIA jkstbcc`h sacbr pbk`c ae
ibpbijty 27.68 LW bt jts 8> kas. awk jkstbccbtjaks up ta Muk` 96, 4624
O`t`rjkg
Xn` o`t`r d`jkg tn` ibsn dax ae tn` Iaopbky, `v`ry `eeart js obh` ta inbkg` h`e`itjv`
o`t`rs, s`bcjkg ae o`t`rs bkh jksp`itjak ae o`t`rs ak b r`gucbr dbsjs. Hurjkg tn` y`br
42,:97 h`e`itjv` o`t`rs w`r` inbkg`h, 4,958 o`t`rs w`r` s`bc`h bkh 8>,787 o`t`rs w`r`
jksp`it`h.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
46/82
94
Iaksuo`r Iaopcbjkts= H@YIA iaktjkuauscy strjv`s ta aee`r s`rvji` `xi`cc`ki` ta jts
vbcu`h iaksuo`rs. Iaksuo`r iaopcbjkts jk t`ros ae djccjkg `rrars, r`itjejibtjak ae kbo`s
bkh bhhr`ss`s br` s`rjauscy btt`kh`h. Hurjkg tn` y`br, 24,826 djccs w`r` iarr`it`h bkh
r`iarhs ae 4,500 kbo`s bkh bhhr`ss`s w`r` r`itjej`h ak r`i`jvjkg iaopcbjkts erao tn`
iaksuo`rs.
Ak` Vajkt Y`rvji` I`kt`r= Iustao`r sbtjsebitjak js tn` l`y ta suii`ss ae bky dusjk`ss.
Aur iustao`rs br` aur prjo` eaius bkh w` br` ta `ksur` sbtjsebitary iustao`r s`rvji` bs
h``o`h sujtbdc`. Xn` jssu` js s`rjauscy iaksjh`r`h dy H@YIA, wnjin c`h ta tn`
`stbdcjsno`kt ae Iustao`rs Ak` Vajkt Y`rvji` I`kt`r jk `bin ae tn` Ybc`s bkh
Hjstrjdutjak Hjvjsjaks. Bky iaksuo`r iaojkg ta H@YIAs Ybc`s & Hjstrjdutjak Hjvjsjak
aeeji` oby r`i`jv` h`sjr`h s`rvji` bkh sacutjak erao tn` stbee ae tn` Ak` Vajkt Y`rvji`
I`ktr`. Xn` Iustao`r Y`rvji` I`kt`rs br` ukh`r iaktjkuaus joprav`o`kt jk arh`r ta
rbjs` tn`jr stbkhbrh up ta tn` h`sjr`h c`v`c. Ear tnjs purpas`, H@YIA js gjvjkg `opnbsjs
ak rautjk` trbjkjkg ae tn` `opcay``s.
Djccjkg/ Iacc`itjak
Xn` prjobry adm`itjv` ae objktbjkjkg tn` ejkbkijbc str`kgtn ae tn` Iaopbky js binj`v`h
dy iaktjkuaus `eearts ta objktbjk b n`bctny djccjkg/ iacc`itjak rbtja. Iaksjh`rjkg sbc`s bt
Xl.20,:54 ojccjak bkh iacc`itjak bt Xl. 20,76: ojccjak, tn` djccjkg iacc`itjak rbtja warls
aut bt ::.92% bkh tn` Iacc`itjak/ Jopart (I.J.) rbtja ta >:.77% tnjs y`br.
H@YIA iaktrbit wjtn atn`r iaopbky ta iacc`it tn` o`t`r r`bhjkg erao tn`jr iustao`rs.08% tnjs y`br bs bgbjkst >.7:% jk tn` pr`vjaus y`br.
http://www.desco.org.bd/http://www.desco.org.bd/http://www.desco.org.bd/http://www.desco.org.bd/ -
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
48/82
98
Vr`pbjh o`t`rjkg
Vr`pbjh o`t`r utjcjz`s sobrt ibrh t`inkacagy tnbt bccaws iustao`rs ta put oak`y ak b
sobrt ibrh wnjin js jks`rt`h bkh r`oav`h erao tn` pr`pbjh o`t`r. Xn` o`t`r r`bhs b injp
jk tn` ibrh bkh `ksur`s tnbt akcy tn` boaukt ae `c`itrjijty tnbt nbs d``k pbjh ear d`
bvbjcbdc` ta tn` iustao`r. Iustao`rs ibk r`-inbrg` tn`jr sobrt ibrh bt H@YIAs v`khjkg
stbtjaks. Xn` jktrahuitjak ae pr`pbjh o`t`rs nbs n`cp`h ta joprav` r`v`ku` iacc`itjaks bs
w`cc bs ta r`hui` syst`o cass. B tatbc ae 22,999 kas. ae pr`pbjh o`t`rs nbv` d``k jkstbcc`h
jk hjee`r`kt Y`itars ae Pttbrb bs ae 96tn Muk`, 4624. Jk arh`r ta ebijcjtbt` iaktjkuaus
suppcy ae pr`pbjh o`t`rs, H@YIA nbs s`t up b "Vr`pbjh O`t`r Vrahuitjak Pkjt" bt
Ojrpur wjtn tn` t`inkjibc bssjstbki` ae Jkstjtut` ae Jkearobtjak bkh Iaooukjibtjak
X`inkacagy (JJIX), DP@X \:_.
9.0.9 Ybc`s bkh Hjstrjdutjak (Y&H) Hjvjsjak
Lberuc Oakjpur Vbccbdj Gucsnbk Dbrjhnbrb Pttbrb (@bst) Pttbrb (W`st) Hblnjklnbk
Xakgj (@bst) Xakgj (W`st) Ynbn Bcj Tupkbgbr Bgbrgbak Pttbrlnbk Dbhhb Mabr Ybnbrb
Xn`r` br` tnr`` objk ap`rbtjaks jk H@YIA. Xn`s` br`
2. IAYY (Iaoo`rijbc Ap`rbtjak & Yuppart Y`rvji`)4. C@O (Cjk` & @qujpo`kt Objkt`kbki`)9. OYY (Objkt`kbki` ae sud-syst`o)
9.0.9.2 Yyst`o Ap`rbtjak
Yyst`o ap`rbtjak js bk jopartbkt pbrt ae tn` H@YIA. Xnjs s`itjak objkcy r`cbt`h wjtn tn` Grjh
bkh sud-stbtjak objkt`kbki`. Xnjs s`itjak objktbjk tn` K`w iakk`itjak, Cabh sbkitjak & Cabh
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
49/82
90
r`t`ktjak, Cabh Obkbg`o`kt, Iaktrac raao bitjvjty, Vaw`r ebitar oakjtarjkg & upgrbhjkg, Cjk`
Objkt`kbki`, HBY Objkt`kbki` `ti.
9.0.9.4 K`w Iakk`itjak
Iaksuo`r wjcc d` bdc` ta hawkcabh ar tbl` b prjkt ae tn` bppcjibtjak earo. Bppcjibkts oust
sudojt tn` r`qujr`h haiuo`kts jk H@YIA sjki` jts jki`ptjak nbs d``k strjvjkg ta `stbdcjsn d`tt`r
bkh erj`khcy s`rvji` ta jts iustao`r. Jk tnjs p`rsp`itjv`, H@YIA nbs jktrahui`h tn` appartukjty
ear iustao`rs ta bppcy ear `c`itrji iakk`itjak tnraugn jkt`rk`t. Xnjs wauch bcsa `kbdc` tn`o ta
lkaw bdaut tn` stbtus ae bppcjibtjak. Bppcjibkts br` bhvjs`h ta eaccaw tn` jkstruitjaks cbjh hawk
jk tn` ijtjz`k inbrt`r. Bet`r tn` iakejrobtjak ae tn` Ak-Cjk` bppcjibtjak, tn` bppcjibkt nbrh iapy
ear vbcjhbtjkg Ak-cjk` bppcjibtjak, bcakg wjtn njs/n`r sjgk`h iapy ae prjkt`h bppcjibtjak.
T`qujr`h Haiuo`kts T`sjh`ktjbc / Hao`stji ibt`gary up ta 8:LW
Yjgk`h iapy ae tn` bppcjibtjak earo 4 iapj`s btt`st`h r`i`kt Vbsspart sjz` iacar pnata Btt`st`h iapy ae r`gjst`r`h h``h ae awk`rsnjp / Aiiupbkiy Outbtjak haiuo`kt ear Cbkh Btt`st`h iapy ae TBMPL / Ijty Iarparbtjak bpprav`h dujchjkg pcbk Btt`st`h iapy ae haiuo`kt r`gbrhjkg nachjkg ka. jssu`h dy Ijty Iarp./ iaop`t`kt
butnarjty.
Haiuo`kts T`qujr`o`kt Iaoo`rijbc Iustao`r up-ta 8:LW cabh
Yjgk`h iapy ae tn` bppcjibtjak earo 4 iapj`s btt`st`h r`i`kt Vbsspart sjz` iacar pnata Butnarjzbtjak c`tt`r erao pbrtk`rs (ear Majkt-U`ktur`) Btt`st`h iapy ae r`gjst`r`h h``h ae awk`rsnjp / Aiiupbkiy Outbtjak haiuo`kt ear Cbkh Btt`st`h iapy ae TBMPL / Ijty Iarparbtjak bpprav`h dujchjkg pcbk Btt`st`h iapy ae haiuo`kt r`gbrhjkg nachjkg ka. jssu`h dy Ijty Iarp./ iaop`t`kt
butnarjty.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
50/82
95
Haiuo`kts T`qujr`o`kt Iustao`rs ae cabh 06LW bkh bdav` cabh
Yjgk`h iapy ae tn` bppcjibtjak earo 4 iapj`s btt`st`h r`i`kt Vbsspart sjz` iacar pnata Btt`st`h iapy ae r`gjst`r`h h``h ae awk`rsnjp / Aiiupbkiy Outbtjak haiuo`kt ear Cbkh Btt`st`h iapy ae TBMPL / Ijty Iarparbtjak bpprav`h dujchjkg pcbk Btt`st`h iapy ae haiuo`kt r`gbrhjkg nachjkg ka. jssu`h dy Ijty Iarp./ iaop`t`kt
butnarjty.
Yud-Ytbtjak cbyaut pcbk bkh Yjkgc` cjk` hjbgrbo Bgr``o`kt ear us` ae O`t`r Taao dy H@YIA Yp`ijejibtjaks, X`st r`sucts ae Xrbksearo`r, swjtin-g`br bkh atn`r `qujpo`kt Cji`ks` erao Inj`e @c`itrjibc Jksp`itar ae GAD
Haiuo`kts T`qujr`o`kt= Yobcc Jkhustrj`s Iustao`r up-ta 8:LW cabh
Yjgk`h iapy ae tn` bppcjibtjak earo 4 iapj`s btt`st`h r`i`kt Vbsspart sjz` iacar pnata Butnarjzbtjak c`tt`r erao pbrtk`rs ear Majkt-U`ktur` Btt`st`h iapy ae r`gjst`r`h h``h ae awk`rsnjp / Aiiupbkiy Outbtjak haiuo`kt ear Cbkh Btt`st`h iapy ae TBMPL / Ijty Iarparbtjak bpprav`h dujchjkg pcbk Btt`st`h iapy ae haiuo`kt r`gbrhjkg nachjkg ka. jssu`h dy Ijty Iarp./ iaop`t`kt
butnarjty.
Ic`brbki` erao Ejr` Y`rvji` (Je bppcjibdc`) Ic`brbki` erao @kvjrako`kt (Je bppcjibdc`) Xrbh` Cji`ks`.
Haiuo`kts T`qujr`o`kt= X`oparbry Iakk`itjak
Yjgk`h iapy ae tn` bppcjibtjak earo 4 iapj`s btt`st`h r`i`kt Vbsspart sjz` iacar pnata Btt`st`h iapy ae r`gjst`r`h h``h ae awk`rsnjp / Aiiupbkiy Outbtjak haiuo`kt ear Cbkh
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
51/82
97
Btt`st`h iapy ae TBMPL / Ijty Iarparbtjak bpprav`h dujchjkg pcbk
9.0.9.9 Cabh Ybkitjak
Wn`k b iaksuo`r bppcj`s ear b k`w iakk`itjak, tn` iaksuo`r oust o`ktjak tn` cabh h`obkh ak
tn` bppcjibtjak pbp`r. Xn` iaksuo`r ibciucbt` tn` tatbc cabh (LW) n` ar sn` k``h. Iaksuo`r
obl`s bk Bppcjibtjak ta H@YIA ear tnbt boaukt ae cabh. Xnbk H@YIA butnarjty ga`s ta
iaksuo`r & ibciucbt`h tn` cabh. Dbs` ak tn` cabh ibciucbt`h H@YIA bpprav` tn` iaksuo`r
sbkitjak cabh. Je tn` sbkitjak cabh js d`caw 7LWn tnbk tn` iaksuo`r g`t sjkgc` pnbs` cjk`, je jt js
bdav` 7LWn tnbk tn` iaksuo`r g`t 9-pnbs` cjk`, je tn` cabh js bdav` ar `qubc ta 06LWn tnbk
tn` iaksuo`r nbv` ta obl` b sudstbtjak.
9.0.9.8 Cabh T`t`ktjak
Je tn` iaksuo`r s`` tnbt njs Xatbc H`obkh cabh js gr`bt`r tnbk njs obxjouo sbkitjak cabh. Xn`k
tn` iaksuo`rs nbv` ta obl` bk bppcjibtjak ta H@YIA ta jkir`bs` tn` sbkitjak cabh. Je tn`
H@YIA butnarjty tnjkl tnbt tn` iaksuo`r r`bccy k``h ta jkir`bs` tn` sbkitjak cabh tnbk tn`y
bpprav` tn` iaksuo`r bppcjibtjak bkh gjv` tn` iaksuo`r @xtrb cabh. Xnjs js ibcc`h cabh
r`t`ktjak.
9.0.9.0 Vaw`r Ebitar Oakjtarjkg
Vaw`r ebitar js tn` r`bc paw`r (wbtts) hjvjh`h dy tatbc paw`r (tn` v`itar suo ae r`bc bkh r`bitjv`
paw`r). T`bitjv` `c`o`kts (tnjkgs tnbt nbv` jkhuitbki` ar ibpbijtbki`) ibus` pnbs` snjets
d`tw``k vactbg` bppcj`h ta tn`o bkh iurr`kt pbssjkg tnraugn tn`o. Xnjs pnbs` snjet js b r`suct ae
tn`s` `c`o`kts nachjkg paw`r, bkh tn`k r`c`bsjkg jt. Yjki` tn`s` `c`o`kts br` kat bitubccy usjkg
paw`r, tnjs ha`s kat snaw up ak yaur `c`itrji djcc (ukc`ss yau br` djcc`h ak UBTs bs w`cc bs
wbtts). Bctnaugn tn`y hak't us` r`bc paw`r, tn`s` r`bitjv` `c`o`kts ha ibus` "`xtrb" iurr`kt ta
ecaw, wnjin tn` paw`r iaopbky oust suppcy. Je tnjs iurr`kt js `xi`ssjv` (sa yau nbv` b v`ry caw
paw`r ebitar) tn` paw`r iaopbky oust jkstbcc av`rsjz`h `qujpo`kt ta o``t yaur h`obkh< tnjs
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
52/82
9>
o`bks bk bhh`h `xp`ks` ear tn`o, wjtn ka pbydbil ak yaur `c`itrji djcc. Xnjs js wny paw`r
iaopbkj`s wjcc aet`k r`qujr` b i`rtbjk paw`r ebitar d`jkg o`t, ar djcc yau `xtrb p`r lWn ae us`.
Xn` paw`r ebitar ear bky r`bitjv` cabh, jkhuitjv` ar ibpbijtjv`, js tn` iasjk` ae tn` pnbs` bkgc`
d`tw``k vactbg` bkh iurr`kt. Jt js bcsa tn` rbtja ae vact-bops av`r wbtts. W` ibcc jt b cbggjkg
paw`r ebitar je jt js jkhuitjv` bkh b c`bhjkg paw`r ebitar je jt js ibpbijtjv`.
9.0.9.5 Cjk` Objkt`kbki`
Jk `c`itrjibc `kgjk``rjkg, cjv`-cjk` warljkg js tn` objkt`kbki` ae `c`itrjibc `qujpo`kt, aet`k
ap`rbtjkg bt njgn vactbg`, wnjc` tn` `qujpo`kt js `k`rgjz`h. Xn` ejrst t`inkjqu`s ear cjv`-cjk`
warljkg w`r` h`v`cap`h jk tn` `brcy y`brs ae tn` 46tn i`ktury, bkh datn `qujpo`kt bkh warl
o`tnahs w`r` cbt`r r`ejk`h ta h`bc wjtn jkir`bsjkgcy njgn`r vactbg`s. Jk tn` 2:56s, o`tnahs w`r`
h`v`cap`h jk tn` cbdarbtary ta `kbdc` ej`ch warl`rs ta iao` jkta hjr`it iaktbit wjtn njgn vactbg`
cjk`s. Yuin o`tnahs ibk d` bppcj`h ta `kbdc` sbe` warl bt tn` njgn`st trbksojssjak vactbg`s.
Ear tn` objkt`kbki` H@YIA us`s aut saurijkg. Wn`k b ebuct aiiur ak bky cjk` hu` ta
tnukh`rjkg ar njgn vactbg` tnbk H@YIA jkearo jt ta tn`jr aut saurijkg t`bo. Xn` autsauri` ga`s
ta tnbt br`b bs nurry bkh tbl`s prap`r bitjak. Yao`tjo`s tn` iaksuo`r bcsa jkearo H@YIA, je
bky ebuct aiiur bt tn`jr r`sp`itjv` pcbi` tn`k H@YIA s`kh tn`jr t`bo ta tnbt pcbi` ear tbljkg
bitjak.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
53/82
9:
9.0.9.7 Wjr`c`ss & X`c`iaooukjibtjak
Wjr`c`ss t`c`iaooukjibtjaks js tn` trbkse`r ae jkearobtjak d`tw``k twa ar oar` pajkts tnbt br`
kat pnysjibccy iakk`it`h. Hjstbki`s ibk d` snart, suin bs b e`w o`t`rs ear t`c`vjsjak r`oat`
iaktrac, ar bs ebr bs tnausbkhs ar `v`k ojccjaks ae ljcao`t`rs ear h``p-spbi` rbhja
iaooukjibtjaks. Jt `kiaopbss`s vbrjaus typ`s ae ejx`h, oadjc`, bkh partbdc` twa-wby rbhjas,
i`ccucbr t`c`pnak`s, p`rsakbc hjgjtbc bssjstbkts (VHBs), bkh wjr`c`ss k`twarljkg. Atn`r `xbopc`s
ae wjr`c`ss t`inkacagy jkicuh` GVY ukjts, Gbrbg` haar ap`k`rs ar gbrbg` haars, wjr`c`ss
iaoput`r oji`, l`ydabrhs bkh N`bhs`t (buhja), n`bhpnak`s, rbhja r`i`jv`rs, sbt`ccjt` t`c`vjsjak,
drabhibst t`c`vjsjak bkh iarhc`ss t`c`pnak`s.
Bt ak`s tjo` H@YIA us` iarhc`ss ta iaooukjibt` d`tw``k tn`jr Y&H i`kt`r. Kaw tn`y us`
oadjc` ta iaooukjibt` jts `opcay``, autsauri`s, iaksuo`rs \:_.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
54/82
86
Inbpt`r 8
Yudstbtjak Ap`rbtjak & Objkt`kbki`
8.2 @c`itrjibc Yudstbtjak
B sudstbtjak js b njgn-vactbg` `c`itrji ebijcjty iaktbjkjkg `qujpo`kt ta r`gucbt` bkh hjstrjdut`
`c`itrjibc `k`rgy. Wnjc` sao` sudstbtjaks br` sobcc wjtn cjttc` oar` tnbk b trbksearo`r bkh
bssaijbt`h swjtin`s, atn`r sudstbtjaks br` cbrg` bkh iaopc`x.
Eukitjaks ae b sudstbtjak jkicuh` r`i`jvjkg paw`r erao b g`k`rbtjkg ebijcjty, r`gucbtjkg
hjstrjdutjak, st`ppjkg vactbg` up bkh hawk, cjojtjkg paw`r surg`s, bkh iakv`rtjkg paw`r erao
hjr`it iurr`kt ta bct`rkbtjkg iurr`kt ar vji` v`rsb.
B sudstbtjak tnbt nbs b st`p-up trbksearo`r jkir`bs`s tn` vactbg` wnjc` h`ir`bsjkg tn` iurr`kt,
wnjc` b st`p-hawk trbksearo`r h`ir`bs`s tn` vactbg` wnjc` jkir`bsjkg tn` iurr`kt ear hao`stji
bkh iaoo`rijbc hjstrjdutjak. Xn` warh sudstbtjak iao`s erao tn` hbys d`ear` tn` hjstrjdutjak
syst`o d`ibo` b grjh.
Yudstbtjaks br` icbssjej`h biiarhjkg ta
8.2.2 Icbssjejibtjak biiarhjkg ta Y`rvji` T`qujr`o`kts
2. Xrbksearo`r Yudstbtjak4. Ywjtinjkg Yudstbtjaks9. Vaw`r Ebitar Iarr`itjak Yudstbtjaks
8. Er`qu`kiy Inbkg`r Yudstbtjak0. Iakv`rtjkg Yudstbtjak5. Jkhustrjbc Yudstbtjaks
8.2.4 Icbssjejibtjak biiarhjkg ta Iakstruitjakbc E`btur`s
2. Jkhaar Yudstbtjak4. Authaar Yudstbtjak9. Pkh`rgraukh Yudstbtjak8. Vac` Oaukt`h Yudstbtjak
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
55/82
82
8.4 @qujpo`kts jk b Yudstbtjak
Xn` `qujpo`kts r`qujr`h ear b sudstbtjak h`p`khs upak tn` typ` ae sudstbtjak. Y`rvji`
r`qujr`o`kt bkh tn` h`gr`` ae prat`itjak h`sjr`h. Naw`v`r, jk g`k`rbc, b trbksearo`r sudstbtjak
nbs tn` eaccawjkg obmar `qujpo`kts
8.4.2 Dus Dbr
Wn`k b kuod`r ae cjk`s ap`rbtjkg bt tn` sbo` vactbg` nbv` ta d` hjr`itcy iakk`it`h `c`itrjibccy,
dus-dbrs br` us`h bs tn` iaooak `c`itrjibc iaopak`kt. Dus dbrs br` iapp`r ar bcuojkjuo dbrs
bkh ap`rbt` bt iakstbkt vactbg`. Xn` jkiaojkg bkh autgajkg cjk`s jk b sudstbtjak br` iakk`it`h ta
tn` dus dbrs.
Ejgur` 8.2 snaws b sjkgc` cjk` hjbgrbo ae Ojrpur Hjguk 294/99/22 LU Grjh sudstbtjak,
jkhjibtjkg twa hupcjibt` dus dbr syst`os. N`r`, datn 99 LU dus`s br` s`itjakbcjs`h \26_.
Ejgur` 8.2= Dus dbr jopc`o`kt`h jk Ojrpur (Hjguk) Yudstbtjak
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
56/82
84
8.4.4 Dus-Dbr Brrbkg`o`kts
8.4.4.2 Yjkgc` Dus dbr Yyst`o
Xn` sjkgc` dus dbr syst`o nbs tn` sjopc`st h`sjgk bkh js us`h ear paw`r stbtjaks. Jt js bcsa us`h
jk sobcc authaar stbtjaks nbvjkg r`cbtjv`cy e`w autgajkg ar jkiaojkg e``h`rs bkh cjk`s. Ejgur`
8.4 snaws tn` sjkgc` dus dbr syst`o ear b typjibc paw`r stbtjak. Xn` g`k`rbtars, autgajkg cjk`s
bkh trbksearo`rs br` iakk`it`h ta tn` dus dbr. @bin g`k`rbtar bkh e``h`r js iaktracc`h dy b
ijriujt dr`bl`r. Xn` jsacbtars p`rojt ta jsacbt` g`k`rbtars, e``h`rs, bkh ijriujt dr`bl`rs erao tn`
dus dbr ear objkt`kbki` \26_.
Ejgur` 8.4= Yjkgc` Dus Dbr
8.4.4.4 Yjkgc` Dus dbr syst`o wjtn Y`itjakbcjsbtjak
Jk cbrg` g`k`rbtjkg stbtjaks wn`r` s`v`rbc ukjts br` jkstbcc`h, jt js b iaooak prbitji` ta
s`itjakbcjs` tn` dus sa tnbt ebuct ak bky s`itjak ak tn` dus dbr wjcc kat ibus` b iaopc`t`
snuthawk. Xnjs jccustrbt`s jk tn` ejgur` 8.9 wnjin snaws tn` dus dbr hjvjh`h jkta twa s`itjaks
iakk`it`h dy b ijriujt dr`bl`r bkh jsacbtar< naw`v`r, jt oby bcsa d` hak` dy b dus iaupc`r \26_.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
57/82
89
Ejgur` 8.9= Y`itjakbcjs`h Yjkgc` Dus Dbr
Xnr`` prjkijpbc bhvbktbg`s br` icbjo`h ear tnjs brrbkg`o`kt. Ejrstcy, je b ebuct aiiurs ak bky
s`itjak ae b dus dbr, tnbt s`itjak ibk d` jsacbt`h wjtnaut bee`itjkg tn` suppcy ta atn`r s`itjaks.
Y`iakhcy, je b ebuct aiiurs ak bky e``h`r, tn` ebuct iurr`kt js ouin caw`r tnbk wjtn
uks`itjakbcjs`h dus dbr. Xnjs p`rojts tn` us` ae ijriujt dr`bl`rs ae caw`r ibpbijty jk tn` e``h`rs.
Xnjrhcy, r`pbjr bkh objkt`kbki` ae bky s`itjak ae dus dbr ibk d` ibrrj`h aut dy h`-`k`rgjsjkg
tnbt s`itjak akcy, `cjojkbtjkg tn` passjdjcjty ae iaopc`t` snuthawk.
Ejgur` 8.8= Dus Iaupc`r Iaktracc`r jk Pttbrb 294/99 lU Yudstbtjak
8.4.4.9 Hupcjibt` Dus dbr syst`o
Jk cbrg` stbtjaks, jt js jopartbkt tnbt dr`blhawks bkh objkt`kbki` snauch jkt`re`r` bs cjttc` bs
passjdc` wjtn iaktjkujty ae suppcy. Jk arh`r ta binj`v` tnjs adm`itjv`, hupcjibt` dus dbr syst`o jsus`h jk jopartbkt stbtjaks. Yuin b syst`o iaksjsts ae twa dus dbrs, b objk dus dbr bkh b spbr`
dus dbr. @bin g`k`rbtar bkh e``h`r oby d` iakk`it`h ta `jtn`r dus dbrs wjtn tn` n`cp ae dus
iaupc`r wnjin iaksjsts ae b ijriujt dr`bl`r bkh jsacbtars \26_.
Ejgur` 8.0 snaws tn` hupcjibt` dus dbr syst`o jopc`o`kt`h jk Pttbrb Grjh Yudstbtjak.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
58/82
88
Ejgur` 8.0= Haudc` Dus Dbr jk Pttbrb 294/99 lU Yudstbtjak
8.4.9 Jksucbtars
Xn` jksucbtars s`rv` twa purpas`s. Xn`y suppart tn` iakhuitars ar dus dbrs bkh iakejk` tn`
iurr`kt ta tn` iakhuitars. Xn` oast iaooakcy us`h obt`rjbc ear jksucbtars js pari`cbjk. Xn`r`
br` s`v`rbc typ`s ae jksucbtars bkh tn`jr us` h`p`khs upak tn` s`rvji` r`qujr`o`kt.
8.4.8 Jsacbtars
Jk sudstbtjaks, jt js aet`k h`sjr`h ta hjsiakk`it b pbrt ae tn` syst`o ear g`k`rbc objkt`kbki` ar
r`pbjrs. Xnjs js biiaopcjsn`h dy bk jsacbtjkg swjtin ar jsacbtar. Bk jsacbtar js `ss`ktjbccy b lkje`
swjtin bkh js `ss`ktjbccy h`sjgk`h ta ap`k b ijriujt ukh`r ka cabh. Ejgur` 8.5 js bk `xbopc` ae
jsacbtars jk Pttbrb Grjh Yudstbtjak.
Ejgur` 8.5= Jsacbtars jk Pttbrb Grjh Yudstbtjak
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
59/82
80
8.4.0 Ijriujt Dr`bl`r
B ijriujt dr`bl`r js `qujpo`kt wnjin ibk ap`k ar icas` b ijriujt ukh`r karobc bs w`cc bs ebuct
iakhjtjaks. Jt js sa h`sjgk`h tnbt jt ibk d` ap`rbt`h obkubccy ar dy r`oat` iaktracc`r ukh`r
karobc iakhjtjaks bkh butaobtjibccy ukh`r ebuct iakhjtjaks. Ear tn` cbtt`r us`, b r`cby ijriujt js
us`h wjtn b ijriujt dr`bl`r.
Ejgur` 8.7= YE5 Ijriujt Dr`bl`rs Obkubc Iaktracc`r jk Pttbrb grjh Yudstbtjak
8.4.5 Xrbksearo`r
B trbksearo`r js b stbtji obinjk` us`h ear trbksearojkg paw`r erao ak` ijriujt ta bkatn`r
wjtnaut inbkgjkg er`qu`kiy. Xnjs js v`ry dbsji h`ejkjtjak ae trbksearo`r.
Biiarhjkg ta tn` bppcjibtjak bkh ap`rbtjak, trbksearo`rs br` icbssjej`h biiarhjkgcy.
Buta Xrbksearo`r Ibpbijtar Uactbg` Xrbksearo`r Vaw`r Xrbksearo`r Hjstrjdutjkg Xrbksearo`r Vnbs` Bkgc` T`gucbtjkg Xrbksearo`r Vacypnbs` Xrbksearo`r
Graukhjkg Xrbksearo`r C`blbg` Xrbksearo`r T`sakbkt Xrbksearo`r Jkstruo`kt Xrbksearo`r Yiatt-X Xrbksearo`r
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
60/82
85
8.4.5.2 Vaw`r Xrbksearo`r
B paw`r trbksearo`r js us`h jk b sudstbtjak ta st`p-up ar st`p-hawk tn` vactbg`. Bpbrt erao tn`
paw`r stbtjak, bcc tn` suds`qu`kt sudstbtjaks us` st`p-hawk trbksearo`rs ta grbhubccy r`hui` tn`
vactbg` ae `c`itrji suppcy bkh ejkbccy h`cjv`r jt bt utjcjzbtjak vactbg`.
Ejgur` 8.> snaws ak` ae tn` eaur paw`r trbksearo`rs usjkg jk Pttbrb Grjh sudstbtjak, b iaupc` ae
wnjin br` 294/99 LU bkh tn` r`sts br` 99/22LU.
Ejgur` 8.>= 294/99 lU Xrbksearo`r jk Pttbrb Grjh Yudstbtjak
8.4.5.4 Jkstruo`kt Xrbksearo`r
Xn` cjk`s jk sudstbtjaks ap`rbt` bt njgn vactbg`s bkh ibrry iurr`kts ae tnausbkhs ae bop`r`s. Xn`
o`bsurjkg jkstruo`kts bkh prat`itjv` h`vji`s br` h`sjgk`h ear caw vactbg`s bkh iurr`kts.
Xn`r`ear`, tn`y wjcc kat warl p`re`itcy je oaukt`h hjr`itcy ak tn` paw`r cjk`s. Xnjs hjeejiucty js
av`riao` dy jkstbccjkg jkstruo`kt trbksearo`rs ak paw`r cjk`s. Xn` eukitjak ae tn`s` jkstruo`kt
trbksearo`rs js ta trbkse`r vactbg`s ar iurr`kts jk tn` paw`r cjk`s ta vbcu` wnjin br` iakv`kj`kt
ear tn` ap`rbtjak ae o`bsurjkg jkstruo`kts bkh r`cbys. Xn` typ`s ae jkstruo`kts br` hjsiuss`h
d`caw.
8.4.5.4.2 Iurr`kt Xrbksearo`r (IX)
B iurr`kt trbksearo`r (IX) js `ss`ktjbccy b st`p-up trbksearo`r, wnjin st`ps hawk tn` iurr`kt ta
b lkawk rbtja. Xn` prjobry ae tnjs trbksearo`r iaksjsts ae b cbrg` kuod`r ae turks ae tnjil wjr`
iakk`it`h jk s`rj`s wjtn tn` cjk`. Xn` s`iakhbry iaksjsts ae b cbrg` kuod`r ae turks ae ejk` wjr`s
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
61/82
87
bkh pravjh`s ear tn` o`bsurjkg jkstruo`kts bkh r`cbys b iurr`kt wnjin js b iakstbkt erbitjak ae
tn` iurr`kt jk tn` cjk`. Xn`r`ear`, je b 266/0 B IX js iakk`it`h jk tn` cjk` ta o`bsur` iurr`kt, jt
wjcc r`bh 0 bops ae iurr`kt wn`k tn` iurr`kt jk tn` cjk` js 266 bops.
Ejgur` 8.:= Iurr`kt Xrbksearo`r (IX) jk Pttbrb Grjh Yudstbtjak
8.4.5.4.2 Vat`ktjbc Xrbksearo`r
Jt js `ss`ktjbccy b st`p-hawk trbksearo`r bkh st`ps hawk tn` vactbg` ta b lkawk rbtja. Xn`
prjobry ae tnjs trbksearo`r iaksjsts ae b cbrg` kuod`r ae turks ae ejk` wjr` iakk`it`h birass tn`
cjk`. Xn` s`iakhbry wjkhjkg iaksjsts ae b e`w turks bkh pravjh`s ear o`bsurjkg jkstruo`kts bkh
r`cbys b vactbg` wnjin js b lkawk erbitjak ae tn` cjk` vactbg`. Ear jkstbki`, b 55lU/266U
Ejgur` 8.26= Vat`ktjbc Xrbksearo`r (VX) jk Pttbrb Grjh Yudstbtjak
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
62/82
8>
8.4.7 O`t`rjkg bkh Jkhjibtjkg Jkstruo`kts
Xn`r` br` s`v`rbc o`t`rjkg bkh jkhjibtjkg jkstruo`kts, suin bs boo`t`rs, vacto`t`rs, bkh `k`rgy
o`t`rs `ti, jkstbcc`h jk b sudstbtjak ta objktbjk wbtin av`r ijriujt qubktjtj`s. Xn` jkstruo`kt
trbksearo`rs br` jkvbrjbdcy us`h wjtn tn`o ear sbtjsebitary ap`rbtjaks.
8.4.> Cjgnt`kjkg Brr`st`r
Xn`s` prat`it b sudstbtjak erao vactbg` surg`s bkh br` jkstbcc`h ak paw`r pac`s, taw`rs,
trbksearo`rs bkh ijriujt dr`bl`rs ta prat`it tn`o erao hbobg` hurjkg `c`itrjibc staros.
Cjgntkjkg Brr`st`rs caal sjojcbr ta stbkhaee jksucbtars bkh dusnjkgs, dut tn`jr ukjqu`
inbrbit`rjstjis js tnbt tn`y nbv` `brtnjkg t`rojkbcs bt tn` dattao wn`r` b cbrg` graukh ibdc` js
iakk`it`h bkh ruks hawk tn` struitur` tnbt iakk`its ta tn` stbtjak graukh.
Ejgur` 8.22= Cjgnt`kjkg Brr`st`r jk Pttbrb Grjh Yudstbtjak
8.4.: Dusnjkg
Xnjs js tn` iaopak`kt tnbt bccaws `c`itrjijty ta `kt`r `c`itrjibc `qujpo`kts sbe`cy, pr`v`ktjkg jt
erao snartjkg ta bkatn`r pnbs`. Xn`r` br` hjee`r`kt typ`s ae dusnjkgs, kbo`cy ajc ejcc`h, gbs ejcc`h
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
63/82
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
64/82
06
`bsjcy dy `jtn`r ukh`rgraukh ar av`rn`bh ta tn` iaksuo`rs bkh tn`k iakk`it tn`o hjr`itcy je tn`y
br` Njgn X`ksjak (NX) iaksuo`rs ar vjb b pac` oaukt`h trbksearo`r wnjin eurtn`r h`grbh` jt ta
.820 lU je tn`y br` Caw X`ksjak (CX) iaksuo`rs.
Ojrpur (Hjguk) & Pttbrb Grjh Yudstbtjak
Ejgur` 8.29= Yjkgc` Cjk` Hjbgrbo ae Ojrpur (Hjguk) Yudstbtjak
Ejgur` 8.29 snaws tn` sjkgc` cjk` hjbgrbo ae Ojrpur (Hjguk) grjh sudstbtjak, wn`r` twa ae tn`
eaur ae jts jkiaojkg cjk`s br` erao Xakgj bkh Pttbrb, bkh tn` r`sts br` erao Bojkdbzbr. Jt nbs b
Haudc` dus dbr syst`o ear 294 lU dus`s, bt c`bst ak` ae wnjin js r`bhjcy bvbjcbdc` ear ap`rbtjak
wnjc` atn`r js r`s`rv`h ear `o`rg`kiy sjtubtjaks.
Jkiaojkg cjk`s br` iakk`it`h ta b kuod`r ae o`bsurjkg jkstruo`kts jkicuhjkg IX bkh VX ta
ibciucbt` tn` boaukt ae paw`r iaksuo`h dy tn` sudstbtjak bkh ta ads`rv` bky ebucts jk tn`
jkiaojkg cjk`. Vrat`itjak h`vji`s cjl` cjgnt`kjkg brr`st`rs bkh `brtn swjtin`s br` jkstbcc`h bt tnjs
stbg` ae tn` stbtjak ta prat`it tn` wnac` syst`o erao bky `kvjrako`ktbc nbzbrhs.
Bet`r g`ttjkg b ic`brbki` erao tn`s` h`vji`s, tn` paw`r js kaw b sudm`it ta dus dbrs. Xnjs dus dbr
bccaws tn` k`i`ssbry hjstrjdutjak ae paw`r ta bcc ae tn` trbksearo`rs bvbjcbdc` jk tn` stbtjak. Jt
bcsa p`rojts tn` objkt`kbki` warl`rs ta iakhuit objkt`kbki` ap`rbtjaks pbrtjbccy, rbtn`r tnbk
iaopc`t`cy snuttjkg hawk tn` stbtjak.
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
65/82
02
Bt tnjs stbg`, paw`r js bdaut ta `kt`r ta tn` trbksearo`rs dut ta obl` sur` tnbt `v`rytnjkg js jk
sbe` iakhjtjak bkh ta o`bsur` k`i`ssbry hbtb bkh gjv` stbkhdy iaoobkhs ta prat`itjv` r`cbys
bet`r nbvjkg b drj`e hjbgkasjs jk IX bkh VX jt tn`k trbksojtt`h ta dr`bl`rs bkh jsacbtars. Xn`s`
h`vji`s bccaw puccjkg aee tn` cabh erao tn` trbksearo`r wn`k k`i`ssbry.
Xrbksearo`rs tn`k iakv`rts tn` paw`r ta b caw`r vactbg` c`v`c ae 99 lU wnjin tn`k ga`s ta
e``h`r raao ear eurtn`r trbksojssjak ta iaksuojkg br`bs. Xa prat`it tn` e``h`r raao, bkatn`r s`t
ae IXs, VXs, Dr`bl`rs bkh Jsacbtars br` jopc`o`kt`h bt tnjs stbg`.
8.9.2 E``h`r & Iaktrac Taao
E``h`r raao js tn` s`itjak ae tn` br`b, wn`r` oast `kgjk``rs br` `kgbg`h wjtn tn` obst`r iaktrac
ae tn` stbtjak. H`t`rojkjkg wn`r` ta trbksojt tn` cabh bkh tn` qubktjty ae tn` cabh, aiiurrjkg cabh
sn`hhjkg ta bky h`sjr`h e``h`r bkh ta in`il bkh objktbjk b qubcjty cabh ta tn` iaksuo`r dy
obljkg sur` tnbt tn` paw`r ebitar ae tn` cabhs br` up ta tn` obrl.
Ejgur` 8.28= 22 lU E``h`r jkhjibtjkg cabh sn`hhjkg iakhjtjak
-
7/22/2019 System Protections and uses of Switchgear Devices in Distrbution Substations
66/82
04
Jk Iaktrac Taao, objkcy, bcc ae tn` r`bhjkgs erao IXs & VXs br` iaojkg ta tn` r`cbys sjtubt`h jk