Synergy between UN and ASEAN Roadmap: Implications for Post-2015 Development AgendaDr. Alexander C. ChandraBangkok, 22nd June 2015

To be discussed?

• Revisiting UN-ASEAN cooperation• Progress of AEC & ASCC• Post-2015 Development Agenda of the UN & ASEAN’s

Vision 2025• Potential key issues in post-2015 UN-ASEAN

partnership• Summary

UN-ASEAN partnership: The initial stage

• Long-standing partnership• UNDP spearheaded UN’s initial partnership with ASEAN• 1972 – ‘Kansu Report’, 41 international experts to assist

ASEAN’s first economic cooperation initiatives• APTA• AIJV & AIP:

• Large scale industrial plants that could utilise available materials within AMS

• Increase food production• Foreign exchange earnings• Employment opportunities

• 1977 – UNDP was officially designated as ASEAN Dialogue Partner – the first ever accorded to international organisation

UNDP-facilitated projects

• 1977 - ASEAN-UNDP Sub-Regional Programme (ASP) launched• US$ 700,000 (1977-81); US$ 3 million (1982-86); US$ 12.7 million (1987-91):

• Regional economic cooperation – APTA, AIJV, AIP• The institutionalisation of the ASEAN Secretariat

• ASP 5 (1992-96): • Trade & investment liberalisation, institutional capacity building, human resource

development, trade & environment, science & technology – ‘outward / open regionalism’

• AFTA – economic integration to develop a competitive & open regional economy• ASEAN University Network

• ASP 6 – responding to Asian financial crisis• Surveillance system – ASEC to provide early warning in financial system• Financial sector reform programme• ABMI• Regional swap facility• Social safety net• Etc.

The deepening UN-ASEAN partnership

Key milestones Dates & venues Key areas of cooperation / outcomes

1st UN-ASEAN Summit Bangkok, 12th Feb 2000 Peace & security; human development; future role of the UN in ASEAN

2nd UN-ASEAN Summit

New York, 13th Sep 2005 Joint communique – the broadening of UN-ASEAN cooperation: Poverty alleviation; prevent & control of infectious diseases;disaster management; transnational issues; development; peace & security

MoU between ASEAN & the UN

New York, 27th Sep 2007

3rd UN-ASEAN Summit

Ha Noi, 29th Oct 2010 ASEAN Charter; tripartite partnership in addressing Cyclone Nargis; global financial crisis; climate change; food security

4th UN-ASEAN Summit

Bali, 19th Nov 2011 Enhancement and intensification the coordination and coherence of cooperation; peace & security; MDGs; climate change; sustainable development; crises (financial, food, and energy); ASEAN connectivity; HR & democracy; global movement of moderates

5th UN-ASEAN Summit

Bandar Seri Begawan, 10th Oct 2013

Peace, security and conflict resolution; post-2015 UN development agenda; disaster management; ASEAN Connectivity and integration; human rights

6th UN-ASEAN Summit

Nay Pyi Taw, 12th Nov 2014

Strategy to implement 2011 Joint Declaration; counter-terrorism and ISIS/ISIL; pandemic diseases (Ebola); climate change; disaster relief; connectivity; poverty eradication and narrowing the development gap; human rights; the establishment of ASEAN-UN Liaison Office in Jakarta.

Other UN agencies?

• Agreement of Cooperation between ASEAN and the UNESCO, Jakarta, 12 Sept 1998

• MoU between the ASEAN Secretariat and the UNESCAP Secretariat, 2002

• Cooperation Agreement between ASEAN Secretariat & the ILO Office, Geneva, 20th March 2007

• MoU between the ASEAN Secretariat and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime – Drug Control & Crime Prevention Cooperation

UN resolution on ASEAN

General assemblies

Dates Key statements

56th Plenary Meeting

21st Nov 2002 ‘Noting with satisfaction that the activities of [ASEAN] are consistent with the purposes and principles of the [UN]’

40th Plenary Meeting

22nd Oct 2004 •Commended increasing meetings and exchanges between the UN and ASEAN•Encouraged the strengthening of areas of cooperation

65th PlenaryMeeting

4th Dec 2006 •Acknowledgement of the outcome of the 2nd

UN-ASEAN Summit•Encouraged greater collaboration in areas identified in the said Summit•Welcomed ASEAN as an observer in the General Assembly

2011 Comprehensive Partnership?

Political-securityASEAN

Community(supporting

ASEAN implements 2009-2015

Roadmap & Master Plan on Connectivity)

Peace & security

Human rights & democracy

(Bali Democracy Forum,

AICHR & ACWC)

International & regional issues

of common concern

2011 Comprehensive Partnership?

EconomicASEAN

connectivity & integration

(supporting ASEAN to implement 2009-2015 Roadmap and

IAI – financial, people, institution

connectivity)

Economic development(Sustained

prosperity & economic growth;

narrowing development gap; addressing present and prevention of

future global economic crises)

Food & energy security

Attainment of MDGs & narrowing

development gap

2011 Comprehensive Partnership?

Socio-cultural

Human development

and community

building

Social welfare,

economic, social, and

cultural rights

Climate change

Disaster risk management

Culture & education

Progress of AEC & ASCC

ASEAN progress (1)

Significant economic progress & transformation

1985-96: high growth, golden decade

2000s: moderate growth

ASEAN progress (2)

• ASEAN-7 poverty rate:• 1990: 45%• 2010: 14%

• ASEAN-7 poverty gap:• 1990: 14%• 2010: 3%

• ASEAN Middle class:• 1990: 15%• 2010: 37%

• ASEAN:• 3rd most populous in the world• 3rd largest economy in East

Asia• 7th largest economy in the

world

57.14

42.59

35.02

25.36

18.9117.2

14.2412.15

14.77

20.68

25.35

30.83 31.82

36.64

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1981 1990 1996 2002 2005 2008 2010

Poor

Middle class

Internal & external integration of ASEAN

EXPANSIOND

EE

PE

NIN

G1967: ASEAN’s establishment

1977: PTA

1990s: CEPT-AFTA (1992), AFAS (1995),

AIA (1998)

2003: ASEAN Community & PIS

2009: ATIGA, ACIA, AEC Scorecard, &

Roadmap

2010: Connectivity Masterplan

2011: ASEAN Framework for Equitable Economic Development

AEC 2015

1984: Brunei1990s: VN (1995), Lao, MYR (1997),

Cam (1999)2000s: ASEAN-China (2004); ASEAN-Korea (2006); ASEAN-Japan (2008). ASEAN-ANZ

(2009)

2012: RCEP

ASEAN trade (value in US$ million)

120,918 166,846 206,732

470,112 376,177

519,805 598,242 608,558

455,190 592,255 617,807

1,427,015

1,160,701

1,525,926

1,790,350 1,902,958

-

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

2,000,000

1998 2000 2003 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013

Intra-ASEAN

Extra-ASEAN

ASEAN FDI inflows (value, in US$ million)

6,300.2 14,322.7

26,270.7 20,548.8 19,399.6

24,377.4

40,597.4

77,955.9

87,839.9 94,904.0 98,287.4

111,804.0

-

20,000.0

40,000.0

60,000.0

80,000.0

100,000.0

120,000.0

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Intra-ASEAN

Extra-ASEAN

AEC Progress

• CEPT Rates are very low, close to zero• NSW in 5 AMS• RoOs of ATIGA is becoming more business friendly• Financial integration is expanded – CMIM• ASEAN looks to the rest of the world – ASEAN+1

FTAs/RCEP• Roadmap for Integration of Air Travel Sector force under

ASEAN – X formula• Blueprint scorecard to reach 98% by Nov 2015

Status of key AEC measures?

Key areas Fully implemented % Not fully implemented % Total measuresFree flow of goods 45 61.6 28 38.4 73Free flow of services 32 65.3 17 34.7 49Free flow of investment

17 85.0 3 15.0 20

Free flow of capital 8 61.5 5 38.5 13Free flow of skilled labours

7 77.8 2 22.2 9

PIS 43 97.7 1 2.3 44Food, agri, and forestry 20 74.1 7 25.9 27

Competition policy 7 100 0 0.0 7Consumer protection 12 85.7 2 14.3 14IPR 8 88.9 1 11.1 9Transport 35 57.4 26 42.6 61Energy 10 50.0 10 50.0 20Minerals 10 90.9 1 9.1 11ICT 9 90.0 1 10.0 10Taxation 0 0.0 3 100.0 3E-commerce 3 100.0 0 0.0 3SME development 15 78.9 4 21.1 19IAI 5 100.0 0 0.0 5External economic relations 15 75.0 5 25.0

20

Total 301 72.2 116 27.8 417ASEAN –

90.5%

ASCC progress

• Strengthened commitment & coherence in policy frameworks & institutions in ASEAN for social justice and human rights, social protection & welfare, environment sustainability• Declaration on Non-

communicable diseases in ASEAN

• Declaration on Elimination of Violence on Women & Children

• Collective support & humanitarian assistance during natural disasters

93%97%

79%

71%

96%100%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Humandevelopment

Social welfare& protection

Social justice& rights

Environmentalsustainability

BuildingASEANidentity

NarrowingDevelopment

Gap

Selected MDGs indicators & performance in ASEAN

MDGs targets and indicators No. of AMS on-track

No. of AMS off-track & slow

Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty & hungerTarget 1C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

3 5

Goal 2: Achieve universal primary educationTarget 2A: 100% total net enrollment ratio in primary education 7 1Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower womenTarget 3A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary education, preferably by 2005

8 1

Goal 4: Reduce child mortalityTarget 4A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990-2015, the under-5 mortality rate

4 5

Goal 5: Improve maternal healthTarget 5A: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

2 8

Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainabilityTarget 7C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of population without access to improved drinking water

9 n/a

Target 7C: Halve, by2015, the proportion of population without improved sanitation facilities

7 2

Challenges

• Large number of poor and marginally non-poor in most AMS• Persistence income inequality• Greater competitiveness, but vast room of improvement

needed!• Economic integration is progressing, but …:

• How to make it functional?• How to address the remaining issues (e.g. non-tariff barriers,

connectivity, etc.)?• How to make it more inclusive? MSMEs? Other marginalised

groups?• Cross-pillar coordination is important, but lacking!

Post-2015 Development Agenda and Vision of the UN and ASEAN

UN-facilitated post-2015 development agenda

EqualitySustainability Human rights

Environmental sustainabilityBiodiversity

Stable climateUniversal access to

clean water & sanitation

Peace & securityFreedom from

violence, conflict, and abuse

Resilience to natural hazards

Conflict free access to natural resourcesInclusive social

developmentAdequate nutritionQuality education

Reduced mortality & morbidity

Gender equalitySocial protection

Inclusive economic development

Eradicating income poverty & hunger

Reducing inequalitiesDecent work &

productive employment

Inequalities

Malnutrition

Environmental challenges

Conflict, violence, insecurity

Governance deficit

Shifting demography -

migration, ageing

population, etc.

ASEAN development goals?

• Mooted at the 25th ASEAN Summit, Nay Pyi Taw, 2004‘Promote the development of clear and measurable

ASEAN development goals’• MDGs as reference point?• Assist AMS design their national development strategy• Set up a benchmark for development success in ASEAN

Post-2015 direction of ASEAN – AEC Vision 2025?

Highly integrated & cohesive regional economy• High economic

growth• Favourable to trade,

investment, & job creation

• Capacity to respond to mega trends/challenges

• Advancement towards single market agenda (NTBs, trade in services, seamless movement in investment, skilled labour/professionals, and capital

Competitive, innovative, & dynamic community• Productivity

through connectivity

• Conducive policies towards innovation

• Good governance (transparency, DSM, etc.)

• Enhanced participation in GVC

Sectoralintegration• Replacing /

expanding PIS?

People-centredeconomic community• Equitable

development• Narrowing

development gap

Global ASEAN• ASEAN

centrality in evolving regional architecture

Post-2015 direction of ASEAN –ASCC Vision 2025?

ASCC 2025

Dynamic & harmonious community

that proactively

contribute to global

community

Resilient community capable to adapt &

respond to emerging

threats and challenges

Sustainable community

that promotes social

development and

environmental protection

Inclusive community that promotes high quality of life,

equitable access and opportunity

for all and promotes and

protects human rights of

vulnerable and marginalised

groups

Committed, participative, and socially responsible community through an accountable

and inclusive mechanism

that is upheld by the

principles of good

governance

Potential key issues in post-2015 UN-ASEAN partnership?

• Opportunity - similar direction of post-2015 UN development goals & ASEAN 2015 Vision

• Challenges:• Alignment• Implementation?• How the UN deals more effectively vis-à-vis ASEAN, and vice-

versa?• ASEAN’s centrality vis-à-vis the UN?• 1 UN agenda/approach to ASEAN?

• Resources?

Alternative approach to accelerating UN & ASEAN post-2015 development agenda & vision?

• 1 UN agenda/approach vis-à-vis ASEAN vs. ASEAN centrality vis-à-vis the UN

• Engaging wider non-traditional ASEAN organs & stakeholders –already done, but appear rather sporadic• ASEAN organs – AF, AHA Centre, ACE, ACB, etc. (Annex 1 of

ASEAN Charter)• Entities Associated with ASEAN – Annex 2 entities

• Parliamentarians• Business organisations (e.g. ASEAN-BAC, AIC, ASEAN-related business

councils + other business organisations)• ASEAN accredited CSOs

• Non-Annex 2 non-state actors (SAPA WG on ASEAN, APF/ACSC, etc.)

• Pro-active engagement – competing interest and influence amongst development partners towards ASEAN

Summary

• Partnership has been long-standing, deepened, and extensive, but needs to be made more coherent and concerted – ‘UN & ASEAN each delivering as 1’

• Integration progress in ASEAN has been well advancing, but gaps remain

• Likelihood of complementarity between SDGs & ASEAN post-2015 vision

• Alignment, implementation, working relations approach, and resources as key issues

• ‘Out of the box’ approach is not new, but needs emphasisingand implementing

Thank you!