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RODRIGUEZ v. DE BORJAGR No.L-21993, June 21, 196617 SCRA 41

!AC"S#$%&v'(e %e)*on+en() A*oon&' $'n&&n'n 'n+ A+e'&+' J'''n +e&ve%e+ (o (/e Ce%0 o Cou%( o Bu''n ' *u%*o%(e+ ')(& 'n+ (e)('en( o !%. Ro+%&ue,e'n/&e (/e *e(&(&one%)5RODRIGUEZ &e+ ' *e(&(&on eo%e (/e ou%( (o e8'&ne (/e *u%*o%(e+ & u( /&/ ') '(e%

&(/+%'n, 'n+ ' *e(&(&on o% (/e )e((een( o (/e &n(e)('(e e)('(e o !%. Ro+%&ue ') )u)euen(: &e+ &n ' 'no(/e% ou%(&n R&'."/e *e(&(&one%)5RODRIGUEZ no )ou/( (/e +&)&))' o (/e )*e&' *%oee+&n on (/e )e((een( o (/e +ee+en(;)e)('(e ')e+ on (/e *u%*o%(e+ &, ue)(&on&n (/e%eo%e (/e ELD# ?e). "/e

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"/e%e &) no )/o&n (/'( (/e un+) e8u)&ve: eone+ (o one *'%(:, 'n+ /ene &( u)( e *%e)ue+ (o e onE CO@$ULSOR? >EIRS IN ">E DIREC" LINE ERE $RE"ERI"ED IN ">E ILL.>ELD#No. "/e o*u)o%: /e&%) &n (/e +&%e( &ne e%e no( *%e(e%&(e+ &n (/e &. Ao%+&n (o (/e SC, &( ') Seun+o) ')(

e8*%e))&on (o eue'(/ /&) e)('(e (o ' /&) o*u)o%: /e&%) &(/ (/e )oe e8e*(&on o A%e+o. A)o, Seun+o +&+ no(&n)(&(u(e 'n /e&% (o (/e e8u)&on o /&) o(/e% o*u)o%: /e&%). "/e e%e en(&on o (/e n'e o one o (/e*e(&(&one%),H&%&n&', &n (/e +ouen( +&+ no( o*e%'(e (o &n)(&(u(e /e% ') (/e un&ve%)' /e&%. >e% n'e ') &nu+e+ on: ') '&(ne)) (o (/e '(e%'(&on e(een Seun+o 'n+ /&) )on, A%e+o.

CAS"AEDA v. ALE@AN?GR No.1439, @'%/ 19, 1943 $>IL 426

!AC"S# A**e'n( on)(e)(e+ (/e v'&+&(: o (/e & o DoK' Ju'n' @o%eno u*on (/e %oun+ (/'( '(/ou/ (/e '((e)('(&on'u)e &n (/e & )('(e) (/'( (/e (e)('(o% )&ne+ (/e & &n (/e *%e)ene o (/%ee &(ne))e) /o ')o e'/ )&ne+ &n e'/*%e)ene, (/e & ') no( '(u': %&((en : (/e (e)('(o%.

ISSUE# I) &( nee))'%: (/'( ' & e %&((en : (/e (e)('(o% /e%)e=

>ELD# No. Se(&on 61 o (/e C&v& Co+e %eu&%e) 51 (/'( (/e & e &n %&(&n 'n+ 52 e&(/e% (/'( (/e (e)('(o% )&n &(/&)e o%, & /e +oe) no( )&n &(, (/'( &( e )&ne+ : )oe one &n /&) *%e)ene 'n+ : /&) e8*%e)) +&%e(&on. /o +oe) (/ee/'n&' o%0 o %&(&n (/e & &) ' '((e% o &n+&e%ene. "/e '(, (/e%eo%e, (/'( &n (/&) ')e (/e & ') (:*e%&((en&n (/e o&e o (/e ':e% o% (/e (e)(%'(%&8 &) o no on)euene.

HDA. DE HILLANUEHA v). JUICO4 SCRA

!AC"S#

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Don N&o') H&'o% e8eu(e+ ' & &n S*'n&)/ &n /&) on /'n+%&(&n, +ev&)&n 'n+ eue'(/&n &n 'vo% o /&) &e,Don' !'u)(&n' o ' /&) %e' 'n+ *e%)on' *%o*e%(&e) &v&n (/e o(/e% /' (o /&) %o(/e% Don !'u)(o.

$e(&(&one% &e+ 'n '(&on ''&n)( (/e '+&n&)(%'(o% on(en+&n (/'( u*on (/e &+o) +e'(/, )/e e'e ve)(e+ &(/ (/eone%)/&* o (/e *%o*e%(&e) eue'(/e+ un+e% 'u)e 7 *u%)u'n( (o &() (/ 'u)e o (/e &.

ISSUE#

ON (/e *e(&(&one% &) en(&(e+ (o (/e one%)/&* o (/e *%o*e%(&e) u*on (/e +e'(/ o Don' !'u)(&n'.

>ELD#

"/e &n(en(&on o (/e (e)('(o% /e%e ') (o e%e: &ve u)u%u(u'%: %&/( (o /&) &e DoM' !'u)(' e'u)e &n /&) & /e*%ov&+e+ (/'( DoM' !'u)(' )/' o%e&( (/e *%o*e%(&e) & )/e '&) (o e'% ' /&+ 'n+ e'u)e )/e +&e+ &(/ou( /'v&neo((en 'n: /&+%en &(/ (/e +ee')e+ (/en &( e'n) (/'( DoM' !'u)(' neve% 'u&%e+ one%)/&* ove% (/e *%o*e%(:. U*on/e% +e'(/, e'u)e )/e neve% 'u&%e+ one%)/&* ove% (/e *%o*e%(:, (/e )'&+ *%o*e%(&e) '%e no( &nu+e+ &n /e% e)('(e. "/o)e*%o*e%(&e) '(u': eon (o H&'o%. "/'( ') (/e &n(en(&on o (/e (e)('(o%. O(/e%&)e, & (/e (e)('(o% 'n(e+ (o &ve (/e*%o*e%(&e) (o DoM' !'u)(' (/en /e )/ou+ /'ve )*e&&': )('(e+ &n /&) & (/'( one%)/&* )/ou+ eon (o DoM' !'u)('&(/ou( en(&on&n 'n: on+&(&on.