Suwm in kabupaten bekasi, indonesia, challenges and opportunities
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Transcript of Suwm in kabupaten bekasi, indonesia, challenges and opportunities
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SUSTAINABLE URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT IN KABUPATEN BEKASI, INDONESIACHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIESRADEN AJENG KOESOEMO ROEKMI
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, DEAKIN UNIVERSITY
I N T E R N AT I O N A L C O N F E R E N C E O N S U S TA I N A B L E WAT E R M A N A G E M E N T, P E R T H , 2 9 N O V – 4 D E C 2 0 1 5
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OVERVIEW OF KABUPATEN BEKASI
Total Area: 127,388 ha
Total: 23 districts
Urban Areas: 12 districts
Population 2013: 3,002,112 people
Urban Areas: 2,360,660 people
Population Growth: 4.78
Population density:
Average: 24 person per ha
Highest: 109 person per ha
Industrial Estates: 9 areas
Industrial Companies: 3000 companies
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INDONESIA
79 % population
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URBAN PIPED WATER SUPPLYPublic water utilities: PDAM Tirta Bhagasasi◦ Service coverage is less than 20 % of total population
◦ 22 % water loss from production and 30 % from distribution
◦ 18.15 m3 average water consumption per connection per month
◦ Low water quality and continuity
Private water utilities (Housing and Industrial Park Developers & Private companies)◦ Together with PDAM share less than 30 % coverage in urban
areas
◦ Services are varied
◦ Less government monitoring:◦ no government monitoring on water quality
◦ State their own water price, some use PDAM price as benchmark
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WATER VENDORSWater carriers◦ Get bulk water from (private) piped water
services
◦ Distribute to water refilled kiosks and residential
◦ No government monitoring on pricing and quality
Water refilled kiosks◦ Get bulk water from water carriers
◦ Supply water for drinking purposes
◦ 33 % samples were contaminated by coliform bacteria
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GROUNDWATER WITHDRAWAL
◦ Groundwater withdrawal in Indonesia:93 % for water supply, 2 % for agriculture & 5 % for industry
◦ For domestic use:◦ Individually
◦ Each houses can pump groundwater for daily consumption
◦ Communally
◦ Recent condition in Kabupaten Bekasi:◦ Increased damaged zone from 1.93 km2 (2010) to 5.73 km2 in 2012
◦ Subsidence rate in 2009 was 10.6 cm per year
◦ Residential groundwater sample contain high concentration of Nitrate, Mangese, Iron and coliform
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LEGEND
Non aquifer
Recharge zone
Save zone
Disturbed zone
Critical zone
Damaged zone
2006 2012
Groundwater Zone in Bekasi Karawang Aquifer, Source: ESDM Jabar
Groundwater zone
Contaminated/damaged zone : • TDS > 100,000 mg/l
or electrical conductivity > 5,000 µS/cm
• Decrease groundwater table > 80 %
• Decrease phreatic > 80 %
• Decrease piezometric> 80 %
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60 m2 residential plot site plan
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Common 60 m2 Plot Site Plan Source: caramendesainrumah.com
Bedroom
Bedroom
Living room
Dining room
Kitchen
Water Source
Septic Tank
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WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Current river quality: 18 rivers are highly polluted
INDUSTRY
◦ Each industrial estates have their owned WWTP
RESIDENTIAL
◦ No city WWTP, but there is a black water plant with capacity of 150 m3 for the whole region
◦ There is a project of domestic WWTP that service 70 houses
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Domestic waste dumping near on riverbankSource: Google Map, 2015
Makeshift Latrine, KedungwaringinPhotographer: Ahmad Ahyad
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Urban water supply
◦ Improvement on public water company services:◦Decreasing water loss
◦ Improving water service continuity
◦Maintaining water quality
◦ Expanding coverage
PROPOSAL FOR IMPROVEMENT
• Regulation for private water companies
• Service coverage
• Water pricing
• Maintain water continuity and quality
• Regulation for water vendors
• Monitor water quality
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Groundwater withdrawal
◦Monitoring groundwater withdrawal and recharge
◦ Prevent illegal groundwater withdrawal by industries and domestic economic activities (laundry, car wash)
◦ Expanding and improving community based water supply system
PROPOSAL FOR IMPROVEMENT
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Regulation for new housing complex development
◦ Provide water supply other than groundwater pumping (piped water supply, install individual or communal rainwater harvesting or provide community based water supply system), especially in dry area
◦ Provide communal waste water treatment plant
PROPOSAL FOR IMPROVEMENT
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Communal WWT Project
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R. A. Koesoemo RoekmiSchool of Engineering
Deakin UniversityGeelong, VIC 3216, Australia
THANK YOU