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Sustainable Water and Sanitation, Health and Development7 NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES...
Transcript of Sustainable Water and Sanitation, Health and Development7 NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES...
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MSc thesis topics 2014 - 15
Professor, Petter D. Jenssen Department of Plant- and Environmental SciencesNorwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB)
Sustainable Water and Sanitation, Health and Development
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Overview Thesis in Norway
• Infiltration systems: 1. Setermoen• Small onsite systems: 1. Innovative system Ås, 2. Willow
zero emission system, Brandbu, 3. Reuse of wetland filter media
• Source separating systems: 1. Snøheim, 2.Biogas from blackwater, 3. Composting toilets
• Groundwater pollution from onsite systems in Blylaget Thesis outside Norway
• CUBA, “Zero emission house” Havana • KENYA, Wastewater and bioenergy • NEPAL, Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment,
Community water supply, Rainwater harvesting, Sanitation system - sustainability evaluation
• Pakistan, Post disaster management• Morocco, Water and sanitation:
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Overview Thesis in Norway
• Infiltration systems: 1. Setermoen• Small onsite systems: 1. Innovative system Ås, 2. Willow
zero emission system, Brandbu, 3. Reuse of wetland filter media
• Source separating systems: 1. Snøheim, 2.Biogas from blackwater, 3. Composting toilets
• Groundwater pollution from onsite systems in Blylaget Thesis outside Norway
• CUBA, “Zero emission house” Havana • KENYA, Wastewater and bioenergy • NEPAL, Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment,
Community water supply, Rainwater harvesting, Sanitation system - sustainability evaluation
• Pakistan, Post disaster management• Morocco, Water and sanitation:
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Infiltration of wastewater
Open infiltration - dams
Buried systems - trenches/beds
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Groundwater level
Setermoen rapid infiltration plant, Bardu municipality
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Groundwater level70,0
77,5
85,0
92,5
100,0
Organisk stoff Fosfor Nitrogen
BarduLesja
Treatment results rapid infiltration Norway
COD Phosphorus Nitrogen (Kraft 1998)
Setermoen rapid infiltration plant, Bardu municipality
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Topic/site Field work Lab work
Stud-ents Super-visor(s)
Comments
Seter-moen
Summer/fall/2014winter 2015
Yes 2 (1) PDJ, TK Field work in Troms summer 2012. Need for interest in practical hydrogeology
Åbogen Summer/fall/2011winter 2012
Yes 1-2 PDJ, HF, TK
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Thesis in Norway -Large infiltration system
PDJ - Petter D. JenssenTK - Tore KrogstadHF - Helen FrenchOSH - Ola Stedje Hanserud, Bioforsk
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Overview Thesis in Norway
• Infiltration systems: 1. Setermoen• Small onsite systems: 1. Innovative system Ås, 2.
Willow zero emission system, Brandbu, 3. Reuse of wetland filter media
• Source separating systems: 1. Snøheim, 2.Biogas from blackwater, 3. Composting toilets
• Groundwater pollution from onsite systems in Blylaget Thesis outside Norway
• CUBA, “Zero emission house” Havana • KENYA, Wastewater and bioenergy • NEPAL, Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment,
Community water supply, Rainwater harvesting, Sanitation system - sustainability evaluation
• Pakistan, Post disaster management• Morocco, Water and sanitation:
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Constructed wetlands/filterbeds
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Design of constructed wetlands/filterbeds
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(From Jenssen et al. 2010)
30 - 40 m3
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According to Norwegian guidelines a wetland for one home with WC should be 30 - 40 m3 of filter media
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Design of constructed wetlands/filterbeds
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(From Jenssen et al. 2010)
30 - 40 m3
4-6 m3
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Compact filters of 4-6 m3 of filter media has been tried with success (Heistad et al. 2006, Jenssen et al. 2010). Compact filters wil be tried in Høyås.
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Innovative treatment system at Høyås farm in Ås - The system layout
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The system is built and was started in September of 2012. The focus is on treatment processes in the different components of the system. The work consists of field sampling and laboratory tests.
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Topic/site Field work Lab work
Stud-ents Super-visor(s)
Innova-tive system Ås
Summer/fall 2014 and
winter 2015
Yes 1-2 PDJ, TK, MKP
The system will be built in April of 2012. Sampling will start the summer of 2012.
13PDJ - Petter D. JenssenTK - Tore KrogstadTM - Trond Mæhlum, BioforskMKP - Manoj K. PandeyHF - Helen FrenchOSH - Ola Stedje Hanserud, Bioforsk
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Thesis in Norway - Small onsite systems
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Overview Thesis in Norway
• Infiltration systems: 1. Setermoen• Small onsite systems: 1. Innovative system Ås, 2. Willow
zero emission system, Brandbu, 3. Reuse of wetland filter media
• Source separating systems: 1. Snøheim, 2.Biogas from blackwater, 3. Composting toilets
• Groundwater pollution from onsite systems in Blylaget Thesis outside Norway
• CUBA, “Zero emission house” Havana • KENYA, Wastewater and bioenergy • NEPAL, Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment,
Community water supply, Rainwater harvesting, Sanitation system - sustainability evaluation
• Pakistan, Post disaster management• Morocco, Water and sanitation:
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The «Willow zero emission system» at the Energy Farm in Brandbu
The system was built in the summer of 2012 and receives wastewater form two households in addition to the offices at the Energy Farm. The willows will, when they are full grown evaporate all the wastewater. In the winter wastewater accumulates in the basins. The willows will be harvested for bioenergy.
For further information contact Petter D. Jenssen
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Overview Thesis in Norway
• Infiltration systems: 1. Setermoen• Small onsite systems: 1. Innovative system Ås, 2. Willow
zero emission system, Brandbu, 3. Reuse of wetland filter media
• Source separating systems: 1. Snøheim, 2.Biogas from blackwater, 3. Composting toilets
• Groundwater pollution from onsite systems in Blylaget Thesis outside Norway
• CUBA, “Zero emission house” Havana • KENYA, Wastewater and bioenergy • NEPAL, Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment,
Community water supply, Rainwater harvesting, Sanitation system - sustainability evaluation
• Pakistan, Post disaster management• Morocco, Water and sanitation:
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Snøheim or “Snow home” is a tourist cottage belonging to the Norwegian Tourist Organization (DNT www.dnt.no).
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Snøheim is located on the Dovre mountain plateau at about 1100 m altetude. The cottage is located below one of Norways highest peaks: Mount SNØHETTA. The modernized Snøheim will open for the summer season 2012. After easter the cottage is closed until June when it reopens and is open until September. The field work has to be done in these periods. Snøheim can be accessed by taking the train or drive to Hjerkinn. From Hjerkinn most likely will have to go by bike or foot in the summer and by skis in the winter.
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This is the old dry toilet. The sanitary facilities needs upgrading with improved dry toilets.
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A new treatment system is installed consisting of a package treatment plant (WALLAX) followed by a biofilter with recycling before discharge to the nearby river. There are no composting facilities for excreta from the dry toilets and other organic waste so treatment options for these waste fractions should be developed.
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The thesis work
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Topic/site Field work Lab work Stud-ents
Super-visor(s)
Snøheim Summer/2014winter 2015
Yes 1 - 2 PDJ, OSH, JFH
23 PDJ - Petter D. JenssenOSH - Ola Stedje Hanserud, BioforskJFH - Jon Fredrik Hanssen, IKBM
Source separating systems - Norway
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Overview Thesis in Norway
• Infiltration systems: 1. Setermoen• Small onsite systems: 1. Innovative system Ås, 2. Willow
zero emission system, Brandbu, 3. Reuse of wetland filter media
• Source separating systems: 1. Snøheim, 2.Biogas from blackwater, 3. Composting toilets
• Groundwater pollution from onsite systems in Blylaget Thesis outside Norway
• CUBA, “Zero emission house” Havana • KENYA, Wastewater and bioenergy • NEPAL, Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment,
Community water supply, Rainwater harvesting, Sanitation system - sustainability evaluation
• Pakistan, Post disaster management• Morocco, Water and sanitation:
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Biogas from blackwater
This is my farm in Lunner. Next summer I plan to install a small (8m3) biogas digester . The digester will be fed by a vacuum toilet serving 3 people and the manure from 2 horses + some chicken and organic household waste. The effluent from the digester will go through a filter bed before infiltrates or used as fertilizer
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Retention time aprox. 15 days
Cereal, maize corn
Mill /Squezee
Biogas from blackwater
In cold climate biogas systems currently built are large and complex. Small systems are used in warmer climate with success. This has yet to be tried in cold climate. By insulating the reactor well and possibly adding heat through a solar panel it should be possible to make the system work also in cold climate.
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Field work consists of participation in construction summer 2013 and sampling fall 2013 and winter 2014. The lab work will be done at UMB
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Topic/site Field work Lab work Stud-ents
Super-visor(s)
Snøheim Summer/fall/2015winter 2014
Yes 1 - 2 PDJ
Biogas from black-water
Summer/fall/2014winter 2015
Yes 1 - 2 PDJ, JFH
Field work consists of participation in construction summer 2012 and sampling
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Source separating systems - Norway
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Overview Thesis in Norway
• Infiltration systems: 1. Setermoen• Small onsite systems: 1. Innovative system Ås, 2. Willow
zero emission system, Brandbu, 3. Reuse of wetland filter media
• Source separating systems: 1. Snøheim, 2.Biogas from blackwater, 3. Composting toilets
• Groundwater pollution from onsite systems in Blylaget Thesis outside Norway
• CUBA, “Zero emission house” Havana • CANADA, Eco friendly housing project in Alberta • KENYA, Wastewater and bioenergy • NEPAL, Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment,
Community water supply, Rainwater harvesting, Sanitation system - sustainability evaluation
• Pakistan, Post disaster management• Morocco, Water and sanitation:
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Composting toilets
Composting toilets have a large potential for improvement. In this thesis you will be involved in design and trials of improved models for composting toilets. For more information contact Petter D. Jenssen
Clean odourlesstoilets
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Topic/site Field work Lab work Stud-ents
Super-visor(s)
Snøheim Summer/2014winter 2015
Yes 1 - 2 PDJ
Compost-ing toilet
Summer/2014winter 2015
Yes 1 PDJ, JFH
Lab work only
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Source separating systems - Norway
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Overview Thesis in Norway
• Infiltration systems: 1. Setermoen• Small onsite systems: 1. Innovative system Ås, 2. Willow
zero emission system, Brandbu, 3. Reuse of wetland filter media
• Source separating systems: 1. Snøheim, 2.Biogas from blackwater, 3. Composting toilets
• Groundwater pollution from onsite systems in Blylaget Thesis outside Norway
• CUBA, “Zero emission house” Havana • KENYA, Wastewater and bioenergy • NEPAL, Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment,
Community water supply, Rainwater harvesting, Sanitation system - sustainability evaluation
• Pakistan, Post disaster management• Morocco, Water and sanitation:
2
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Groundwater pollution form onsite systems in Blylaget - Nesodden municipality
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Blylaget is located in Nesodden municipality and is a housing area consisting of single homes with fairly large gardens (see maps next two slides). The homes have groundwater supply mostly from drilled wells adjacent to the house. Many houses have source separating systems and with few exceptions they all have onsite wastewater treatment. It is expensive to convert the area to centralized water and sanitation and in a referendum the homeowners decided to continue with the existing systems. Hoever some wells have detected low numbers of Fecal coliforms. It is not clear if the bacteria are from human waste or from animals.
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Groundwater pollution form onsite systems in Blylaget - Nesodden municipality
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The municipality will investigate the current status of the groundwater. New onsite systems are being planned and the groundwater quality will be monitored paralell to the upgrading of the sanitary systems.
The task of the MSc tuents will be to sample and characterize the groundwater. For wells where indicator bacteria are found potential pollution sources or pathways have to be suggested or if possible documented. As new and improved sanitary systems are going in the groundwater quality should improve accordingly if the sanitary systems are the source of contamination.
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Groundwater pollution form onsite systems in Blylaget - Nesodden municipality
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Blylagsdammen is an old dam where they produced ice for export to England. The dam is now surrounded by a wildlife protection area.
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Blylagsdammen nature conservation area
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Pictures from Blylaget
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Blylagsdammen
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Pictures from Blylaget
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Topic/site Field work Lab work Stud-ents
Super-visor(s)
Blylaget Summer/fall/2014winter 2015
Yes (1) - 2
PDJ, HF KRR
One student needs a car
37 PDJ - Petter D. JenssenHF - Helen FrenchKRR - Knut robert Robertsen, Asplan Viak
Source separating systems - Norway
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Overview Thesis in Norway
• Infiltration systems: 1. Setermoen• Small onsite systems: 1. Innovative system Ås, 2. Willow
zero emission system, Brandbu, 3. Reuse of wetland filter media
• Source separating systems: 1. Snøheim, 2.Biogas from blackwater, 3. Composting toilets
• Groundwater pollution from onsite systems in Blylaget Thesis outside Norway
• CUBA, “Zero emission house” Havana • KENYA, Wastewater and bioenergy • NEPAL, Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment,
Community water supply, Rainwater harvesting, Sanitation system - sustainability evaluation
• Pakistan, Post disaster management• Morocco, Water and sanitation:
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La Habana - Cuba
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80% of the vegetables consumed in Havana are produced within the city limits
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La Habanavieja
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”Zero emission house”16 viviendas
8 inodoros de vacio1 liter/
8 inodoros de gravitation1 liter/
BiogasAgua gris
Wetland
Low flush toiletsVacuum
0.5 - 1.5 liters/flush
Gravity 1 liter/flush
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52The ”Zero emission building” January 2011
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52The ”Zero emission building” January 2011
The thesis will focus on the system assessment including both technical and economical/social aspects. The ideal would be to have two students one with focus on technical parts of the system and one with focus on the economical/social part. At least one of the students should speak spanish.
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Kildesep prinsippSource separation of wastewater
Biogas, CH4
Blackwater
Gråvann
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”Zero emission house”16 viviendas
8 inodoro de vacio1 liter/
8 inodoros de gravitation1 liter/
BiogasAgua gris
Wetland
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Topic/site Field work Lab work Stud-ents
Super-visor(s)
Cuba Zero emission house
Fall 2013 orWinter 2014
Yes (1) - 2
PDJ, KR Technical and socio-economic
studies
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Source separating systems - abroad
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Overview Thesis in Norway
• Infiltration systems: 1. Setermoen• Small onsite systems: 1. Innovative system Ås, 2. Willow
zero emission system, Brandbu, 3. Reuse of wetland filter media
• Source separating systems: 1. Snøheim, 2.Biogas from blackwater, 3. Composting toilets
• Groundwater pollution from onsite systems in Blylaget Thesis outside Norway
• CUBA, “Zero emission house” Havana • KENYA, Wastewater and bioenergy • NEPAL, Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment,
Community water supply, Rainwater harvesting, Sanitation system - sustainability evaluation
• Pakistan, Post disaster management• Morocco, Water and sanitation:
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Overview Thesis in Norway
• Infiltration systems: 1. Setermoen• Small onsite systems: 1. Innovative system Ås, 2. Willow
zero emission system, Brandbu, 3. Reuse of wetland filter media
• Source separating systems: 1. Snøheim, 2.Biogas from blackwater, 3. Composting toilets
• Groundwater pollution from onsite systems in Blylaget Thesis outside Norway
• CUBA, “Zero emission house” Havana • CANADA, Eco friendly housing project in Alberta • KENYA, Wastewater and bioenergy • NEPAL, Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment,
Community water supply, Rainwater harvesting, Sanitation system - sustainability evaluation
• Pakistan, Post disaster management• Morocco, Water and sanitation:
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The Energy Farm in Kenya ” a point of departure and future prospects”
Demonstration of small scale biodiesel production
www.energyfarm.net Bioenergy in theory and practice
Education & Training Centre
Agroforestry reserch and demonstration fields
Solar heat productionEnergy crops demonstration fields
Renewable energy advisors and specialists
Small-scale biogas production
Guided tours, couses and seminars
It is possible to do your thesis at the energy farm in Kenya dealing with wastewater treatment and bioenergy.
For more information contact Petter D. Jenssen
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Overview Thesis in Norway
• Infiltration systems: 1. Setermoen• Small onsite systems: 1. Innovative system Ås, 2. Willow
zero emission system, Brandbu, 3. Reuse of wetland filter media
• Source separating systems: 1. Snøheim, 2.Biogas from blackwater, 3. Composting toilets
• Groundwater pollution from onsite systems in Blylaget Thesis outside Norway
• CUBA, “Zero emission house” Havana • KENYA, Wastewater and bioenergy • NEPAL, Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment,
Community water supply, Rainwater harvesting, Sanitation system - sustainability evaluation
• Pakistan, Post disaster management• Morocco, Water and sanitation:
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§ DO less than 1 mg/l
§ BOD - 250 mg
Kathmandu, Nepal
Dry season:
(Pandey et al. 2005)
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Kathmandu - options• Centralized with conventional treatment2. Decentralized with constructed wetlands
Subsurface flow constructed wetland
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CONSTRUCTED WETLAND• Low cost• Simple maintenance• Reliable treatment
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DECENTRALIZED WITH CONSTRUCTED WETLAND• Less need for collecting sewers• Sufficient area available• Treated water can be used for irrigation of parks and agricultural land• Lower cost
M. Pandey et al. 2009
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Thesis topics NEPAL
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Fall 2013 orWinter 2014
Fall 2013 orWinter 2014
Fall 2013 orWinter 2014
Socioeconomic analysis, secondary data collection
Supervision:PDJ - Petter D. JenssenMKP - Manoj K. PandeyHF - Helen FrenchOSH - Ola Stedje Hanserud, Bioforsk
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Overview Thesis in Norway
• Infiltration systems: 1. Setermoen• Small onsite systems: 1. Innovative system Ås, 2. Willow
zero emission system, Brandbu, 3. Reuse of wetland filter media
• Source separating systems: 1. Snøheim, 2.Biogas from blackwater, 3. Composting toilets
• Groundwater pollution from onsite systems in Blylaget Thesis outside Norway
• CUBA, “Zero emission house” Havana • CANADA, Eco friendly housing project in Alberta • KENYA, Wastewater and bioenergy • NEPAL, Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment,
Community water supply, Rainwater harvesting, Sanitation system - sustainability evaluation
• Pakistan, Post disaster management• Morocco, Water and sanitation:
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Overview Thesis in Norway
• Infiltration systems: 1. Setermoen• Small onsite systems: 1. Innovative system Ås 3. Reuse
of wetland filter media• Source separating systems: 1. Snøheim, 2.Biogas from
blackwater, 3. Blackwater treatment• Groundwater pollution from onsite systems in Blylaget
Thesis outside Norway• Source separation: 1. Cuba, 2. Alberta Canada, • Wetlands: Nepal• Community water supply: Nepal• Rainwater harvesting: Nepal• Sanitation system - sustainability evaluation: Nepal
• Post disaster management: Pakistan• Water and sanitation: Morocco
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Topic/site Field work Lab work
Stud-ents Super-visor(s)
Water sanitation Morocco
1/2 year Internship
Yes/no
PDJ, CW
Halden-vass-draget
Summer/fall/2011winter 2012
Yes 1-2 PDJ, GH
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For more information contact: Petter D. Jenssen
Water and sanitation: MoroccoPrerequisite: Good knowledge of French