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Also in this issue:

IT Insight: EH&S Software Due Diligence

YP Perspective: Year-End Book Recommendations

Plus: 2011 Author and Subject Indexes

DECEMBER 2011

Sustainable Supply ChainsHow companies can prepare for meeting the information and sustainabilityneeds of customers and regulators

CALL FOR ABSTRACTS! DEADLINE IS JANUARY 13, 2012

Power Plant Air Pollutant Control“MEGA” SymposiumAugust 20-23, 2012 • Baltimore, MD

The conference addresses issues related to power plant air emissionsthrough the combined efforts of four key industry players:

• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)• U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)• Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)• Air & Waste Management Association (A&WMA)

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ASSOCIATION NEWSMessage from the President . . . . 4Thank You, and Farewellby Jeff Muffat

In Memoriam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19David Marrack

A&WMA Seeks Nominations for Its Master Thesis and DoctoralDissertation Awards . . . . . . . . . . 25

IPEP Quarterly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Member Minute . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Jennifer B. Dunn

ARCHIVES2011 Author and Subject Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

DEPARTMENTSWashington Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

News Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Advertisers’ Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Canadian Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Professional Development Programs. . 40

Calendar of Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

JA&WMA Table of Contents. . . . . . . 41

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Life Cycle Analysis

Sustainable Supply Chainsby Jennifer B. Dunn

The supply chain of many products is a complicated web that traverses oceans and industries. In the past, the main objectivesof supply chain management were to minimize cost and maximize quality. Presently and in the future, however, the sustain-ability of a supply chain will be the subject of regulatory and consumer scrutiny, which will focus not only on the carbon foot-print, but on other indicators of sustainability such as the chemical footprint and social responsibility. In this issue, contributorsexamine tools that can be used in supply chain environmental footprint management and how companies can prepare formeeting the information and sustainability needs of their customers and regulators.Page 6

The New Reality in Supply Chain Managementby Brian Glazebrook, independent consultantPage 8

Chemical Footprint: Ensuring Product Sustainabilityby Julie Panko and Kristen Hitchcock, ChemRisk, LLCPage 12

Reducing Carbon Intensity of the Supply Chain by Promoting Public Transport—European Transport Sector Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissionsby Benoit Gilson, Pascale Heylen, and Walter Aertsens, InfrabelPage 16

EM, a publication of the Air & Waste Management Association (ISSN 1088-9981), is published monthly with editorial and executive offices at One Gateway Center, 3rd Floor, 420 Fort Duquesne Blvd., Pittsburgh, PA 15222-1435. ©2011 Air & Waste Management Association. All rights reserved. Materials may not be reproduced, redistributed, or translated in any form without prior written permission of the Editor. Periodicals postage paid at Pittsburgh and at an additional mailing office. Postmaster: Send address changes to EM, Air & Waste Management Association, OneGateway Center, 3rd Floor, 420 Fort Duquesne Blvd., Pittsburgh, PA 15222-1435. GST registration number: 135238921. Subscription rates are $280/year for nonprofit libraries and nonprofit institutions and $425/year for all other institutions. Additional postage charges may apply. Pleasecontact A&WMA Member Services for current rates (1-800-270-3444). Send change of address with recent address label (6 weeks advance notice) and claims for missing issues to the Membership Department. Claims for missing issues can be honored only up to three months for domes-tic addresses, six months for foreign addresses. Duplicate copies will not be sent to replace ones undelivered through failure of the member/subscriber to notify A&WMA of change of address. A&WMA assumes no responsibility for statements and opinions advanced by contributors to thispublication. Views expressed in editorials are those of the author and do not necessarily represent an official position of the Association.

6

COLUMNSIT Insight: EH&S Software Due Diligence Is Critical to Success . . 20by Jill Barson Gilbert

YP Perspective: Book Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

16 8

12


This is my last message as President and I write it with mixedemotions … proud to have been your 2011 President and sadto see the year coming to a close, but happy at the prospect ofhaving more time to spend with family and good friends. I havethoroughly enjoyed my year as President of A&WMA and I believe we have made some key accomplishments this year,which include implementing

• a new approach to membership, marketing, and businessdevelopment;

• benchmarking tools for membership growth;• conference planning and registration systems support;• revisions to the Association Bylaws that allow the Association

to be run more efficiently;• Web templates, hosting services, and social networking tools

(e.g., iMIS Communities, LinkedIn Forums, Twitter Feeds);and

• a revamped Web site.

While membership continues to be a challenge for the Associ-ation, the number of members remained relatively constant in2011 and overall attrition was reduced. All initiatives within thestrategic plan feed into the Association’s membership develop-ment, and as we near the end of 2011, we can note a modestgrowth in membership—the first time in many years. Bench-marking tools and projects are now in place to help stem the attrition we have suffered for several years.

Conference planning and registration support has allowed us toidentify the potential for successful conferences and we havebeen able to manage our conference portfolio to ensure out-standing conferences with high-quality content. We are alsonow capable of running successful conferences and events forthose organizations with which we have partnerships.

Through the hard work and diligence of our Governance Com-mittee, the Association Bylaws were revised in June, allowingthe Board of Directors to conduct Association business more efficiently and respond to critical A&WMA business issues on amuch quicker timetable, limiting the necessary time away fromtheir full time jobs. More work still needs to be done and I’mconfident we will accomplish that in the coming year.

While we have not held as many webinars this year as I hadhoped, we do have the tools and staff in place to begin putting onat least one webinar per month. The Association Web site has con-tinued to evolve. We are able to track the number of hits in all ofour education platforms and the numbers are continuing to increase at a healthy rate. These advances, along with the additionof social networking tools, provide the opportunity for everyone torealize more member value for their membership dollar.

ADVERTISINGAlison [email protected]

EDITORIAL Lisa BucherManaging [email protected]

EDITORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEEDan L. Mueller, P.E., ChairZephyr Environmental CorporationTerm Ends: 2013

Mingming Lu, Vice ChairUniversity of CincinnatiTerm Ends: 2013

John D. BachmannVision Air ConsultingTerm Ends: 2012

Jane C. BartonPatterson ConsultantsTerm Ends: 2012

Gary Bramble, P.E.Dayton Power and LightTerm Ends: 2014

Prakash Doraiswamy, Ph.D.RTI InternationalTerm Ends: 2014

Steven P. Frysinger, Ph.D.James Madison UniversityTerm Ends: 2012

Christian HogrefeU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyTerm Ends: 2013

John D. KinsmanEdison Electric InstituteTerm Ends: 2014

Miriam Lev-On, Ph.D.The LEVON GroupTerm Ends: 2012

Julian A Levy, Jr.Independent ConsultantTerm Ends: 2012

Charles E. McDadeUniversity of California at DavisTerm Ends: 2012

Ann McIver, QEPCitizens Energy GroupTerm Ends: 2014

Mark R. Manninen3MTerm Ends: 2014

Teresa RaineERMTerm Ends: 2014

S.T. RaoU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyTerm Ends: 2012

Jacqueline SibbliesIndependent ConsultantTerm Ends: 2014

Abhilash Vijayan, Ph.D., P.E., QEPCalifornia Air Resources BoardTerm Ends: 2014

Susan S.G. WiermanMid-Atlantic Regional AirManagement AssociationTerm Ends: 2012

James J. Winebrake, Ph.D.Rochester Institute of TechnologyTerm Ends: 2012

PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEEMichael T. KleinmanUniversity of California, IrvineTerm Ends: 2014

A&WMA HEADQUARTERSMike KellyExecutive Director

Air & Waste Management AssociationOne Gateway Center, 3rd Floor420 Fort Duquesne Blvd.Pittsburgh, PA 15222-14351-412-232-3444; 412-232-3450 (fax)[email protected]

Thank You, and Farewellby Jeff [email protected]

On a personal note, I feel I have certainly grown in my knowl-edge and understanding of the critical issues facing our Sections and Chapters around the world. I have had the opportunity to visit 10 Section and Chapter meetings this yearand have met with several of our international Section andChapter members. Our international membership in developingcountries continues to grow and interest in our vision—“To bethe global organization for the exchange of environmental knowl-edge, ideas, and solutions”—is starting to take hold.

As I write this, I am in Kolkata, India, at a cosponsored eventwith the International Society of Waste Management, Air, andWater. The waste management needs here in India are wherethose of us in North America were 50 years ago. That said, I’msure with the transfer of technology and the aid of internationalpartnerships, developing countries will soon be making significantprogress in the areas of air and waste management.

Yesterday, I listened to the Minister of Environment for Karnstaka,India, talk about some voluntary hazardous waste cleanup programs. He spoke of the volunteer involvement of students,nongovernmental organizations, and philanthropists to providesafer health conditions for their citizens. It is clear that these organizations and groups here in India are willing to take itupon themselves to make improvements in the country’s healthand welfare until the government starts fully implementing effective programs. This is something we could all learn from.

In addition, I had some discussions with the head of the Engineering Department at Jadavpur University about startinga Student Chapter. There was significant interest among the students I talked to about becoming members of an A&WMAStudent Chapter program.

I have been honored to be your 2011 President. Thank you forallowing me to serve the Association in this capacity. I’d like totake this opportunity to thank the Board of Directors, Vice Pres-idents, members of the Executive Committee, and A&WMAstaff for their diligence and support over the course of the year.Your incoming President for 2012, Merlyn Hough, has a toughjob in front of him as he continues to grow this Association. I amconfident he will be up to the task. Please give him your support in the coming year. I wish him well and look forward toreading his monthly messages in EM next year.

Thank you!

emawma.org

em • message from the president

JA&WMA Seeks Editor-in-Chief After almost 10 years at the helm of the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (JA&WMA), Drs. Tim Keener and George Hidy are retiring as Technical Editor-in-Chief and Co-Editor, respectively. During their tenure, JA&WMA has increased its size, reputation, and international profile. Among their many accomplishments, Drs. Keener and Hidy expanded the number of topic areas, recruited and managed associate editors, and reduced the time between manuscript submittal and publication. Their tireless dedication to improving the oldest continuously published peer-reviewed environmental journal in the world is greatly appreciated. The Air & Waste Management Association (A&WMA) is seeking candidates for a new Technical Editor-in-Chief. This is a part-time contractual position with the individual operating out of his/her permanent location. The position includes an honorarium and modest support for clerical staff and expenses. Anticipated time commitment is 8-10 hours per week. A complete job description, details of the application process, and timeline are available online at www.awma.org/jobs. Please contact A&WMA Managing Editor Lisa Bucher with questions; e-mail: [email protected]; phone: +1-412-904-6023. Qualified candidates should send their applications to: Journal Technical Editor-in-Chief Search Committee E-mail: [email protected] Applications should include a resume, indicating past experience in preparing, reviewing, and editing scientific manuscripts, and a cover letter outlining the candidate’s vision for JA&WMA during the coming decade. The applications deadline is January 15, 2012, or until a suitable applicant is found. A search committee comprised of members of A&WMA’s Publications Committee and Editorial Review Board will review all applications, interview the best qualified candidates, and report their recommendations to the Publications Committee. The final selection must be approved by the A&WMA Board of Directors. Dr. Naresh Kumar, EPRI Dr. Michael Kleinman, University of California, Irvine Chair, Editorial Review Board Chair, Publications Committee


their corporate responsibility, chemical footprintingis becoming a regulatory compliance issue. Theabsence of a standard approach to chemicalfootprinting, however, is a challenge.

Finally, Benoit Gilson, Pascale Heylen, and WalterAertsens (page 16) describe a project of supplyingsolar energy to Belgian rail carriers, which affectsboth the Belgian rail company’s supply chain, traditionally composed of power companies, andthe supply chain of companies who move goodsand employees on the rails in Belgium. The emis-sions from goods movement are part of a com-pany’s scope three emissions and may be requested by their customers in turn.1

The clear emerging trend is that companies aremoving toward greater data collection from theirsuppliers and analysis of those data to better understand, and then reduce, the environmentaland social impacts of their supply chain. Compa-nies will need to stay abreast of regulations in thisarea, as well as address the concerns of their customer base and end consumers. The challengesin better understanding and managing supplychain impacts are great, the payoff in terms of better-managed, lower impact supply chains maybe as well. em

Jennifer B. DunnCenter for Transportation ResearchArgonne National [email protected]

em • cover story

Sustainable Supply Chains

Reference1. Guidance for Calculating Scope Three Emissions; World Resources

Institute and World Business Council for Sustainable Development,2011; available online at www.ghgprotocol.org/files/ghgp/tools/GHG%20Protocol%20Guidance%20for%20Calculating%20Scope%203%20Emissions%20-%20DRAFT%20August%202011.pdf(accessed October 31, 2011).

Presently and in the future, however, the sustain-ability of a supply chain will be the subject of reg-ulatory and consumer scrutiny, which will focus notonly on the carbon footprint, but on other indicatorsof sustainability such as the chemical footprint andsocial responsibility of a product. In this issue, con-tributors examine tools that can be used in supplychain environmental footprint management andhow companies can prepare for meeting the information and sustainability needs of their cus-tomers and regulators.

Brian Glazebrook (page 8) examines how compa-nies are looking beyond the carbon impacts oftheir supply chain to an aspect of sustainability thatreceives relatively little attention—the social pillar.New regulations and existing ones that are becomingmore heavily enforced mandate that companiesmove to eliminate corruption and slavery in theirsupply chains. This article contains an overview ofhow to begin addressing the increasing regulatoryrequirements and customer inquiries in this arenathat are a reality for many companies.

Julie Panko and Kristen Hitchcock (page 12) ad-dress the chemical footprint of a product,

another key consider-ation when examiningsupply chain effects. In addition to being anissue for corporations

looking to enhance

The supply chain of many products is a complicated web that traverses oceansand industries. In the past, the main objectives of supply chain managementwere to minimize cost and maximize quality.

Here’s just a sampling of the benefits you receive as an A&WMA Member:

Quality Information: from the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association to EMmagazine to technical books and publications, you get the technical, practical, and professionalinformation you need.

Professional Development and Education: improve your professional skills and expertise atmore than 30 continuing education programs, specialty conferences, and a wide variety ofworkshops held each year, in addition to the Annual Conference & Exhibition.

Networking and Contacts: take advantage of numerous opportunities to meet with yourpeers and expand your circle of valuable business contacts.

Job Search and Employment: find a position in the environmental field or fill a vacancy inyour organization through our online job board.

Membership and Resource Directories: your quick reference for finding colleagues and arange of products and services.

Discounts: members receive substantial discounts on publications, conferences, educationalseminars, insurance coverage, logo merchandise, and more.

Recognition: get recognized for your accomplishments through the A&WMA awards programs, publishing an article in EM or the Journal, or serving on an A&WMA committee.

A&WMAMembership Benefits

For more information on these great member benefits, contact A&WMA Member Services at 1-800-270-3444 or visit us online at www.awma.org.


em • feature

by Brian Glazebrook

Brian Glazebrook is a sustain-ability professional with morethan 20 years worth of expe-rience working on social andenvironmental issues. He wasmost recently senior managerfor sustainability at Cisco Systems. E-mail: [email protected].

Supply chain management used to be pretty straightforward—focus on minimizing cost, controlling quality, and on-time delivery, and everything elsewas secondary. Over the past decade, some companies and industries have taken a more proactive approach to examining the environmental and socialperformance of their suppliers, but most have seen little value in going beyond a strict transactional relationship.

The New Reality in

To quote Bob Dylan, the times, they are a-changin’.Over the past 18 months, there has been significantmomentum toward getting companies to take moreresponsibility for the practices of their suppliers.This movement is focused particularly on sustain-ability concerns, an area that most companies havegenerally not considered to be part of their responsibility. The mix of regulatory requirements,customer demands, and stakeholder pressure areall combining to pressure companies to focus onmore than just cost in their sourcing decisions.

Regulatory RequirementsSurprisingly, prior to 2010, there were few regula-tions in place governing how a company shouldmanage its suppliers. Most initiatives focusing onsustainability in the supply chain have been driven byindividual companies or industry groups concernedabout brand reputation or supply disruptions. Now,a handful of regulations are in place in Europe andthe United States, which seem indicate that govern-ments consider that these private sector initiatives tobe insufficient.

awma.org december 2011 em 9Copyright 2011 Air & Waste Management Association

These new rules address everything from businesspractices to sourcing to material content, but there’severy indication that governments will eventuallyaddress issues such as water use and greenhousegas emissions as well. While many of these rulesare complicated and onerous, organizations take areal risk by ignoring them or assuming that theyare not affected.

1. Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, andRestriction of Chemicals (REACH)—The Euro-pean Union’s (EU) REACH1 regulation is familiarto most environmental professionals. While notfocused specifically on the supply chain, its requirements around reporting chemicals inproducts (or “articles”) imported into the EUhave led many companies to reach out to theirsuppliers in order to understand what is exactlycontained in the products they buy.

As of June 1, 2011, companies that importproducts into the EU must report to the EuropeanChemicals Agency the presence of chemicalsconsidered “substances of very high concern”(SVHC) in articles if the total quantity used ismore than one ton per year and the SVHC ispresent at more than 0.1% of the mass of theobject. For companies that procure parts or materials based primarily on functional specifi-cations or cost, figuring out whether these materials are present can be quite a challenge.

2. Conflict Minerals Reporting—“Conflict minerals”is a media term used to describe minerals thatare mined in a war zone and sold illegally to finance the efforts of armed militias. In July2010, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and

Supply Chain Management


of such a corrupt payment while in the UnitedStates. Similar to the U.K. Bribery Act, the FCPAhas implications in the supply chain.

4. California Transparency in Supply Chains Act—One of the last regulations signed by GovernorSchwarzenegger before he left office in 2010,the Transparency Act5 requires any companydoing business in the state to publicly disclosethe policies, processes, and controls that they useto monitor and eliminate slavery and humantrafficking in their supply chain. While the specific requirements in the regulation can beinterpreted rather broadly, one clear rule is thatcompanies must post their disclosure on theircorporate website for consumers to view. Theregulation goes into effect in January 2012, andso while it has fallen largely under the radar,many companies doing business in the state willbe surprised when they find out they’re impacted.

Customer DemandsCustomers have always made demands on theirsuppliers to provide more and better informationabout the products they provide. Sustainability issues are no exception, but over the past fewyears, these questions have gone from backgroundinformation to being crucial to how a companyscores a response to a request for proposal (RFP).Wal-Mart, for example, has made a concerted pushto get all its suppliers to provide information onboth the packaging materials they use and specificsustainability metrics for their business.

The challenge with meeting these demands is thatthere are often as many different requirements asthere are customers. This is one area where emerg-ing standards, such as the WRI/WBCSD Scope 3Greenhouse Gas Protocol,6 which allows companiesto assess their entire value chain emissions impactand identify the most effective ways to reduceemissions, are valuable and every organizationshould be aware of what standards and guidelinesare being developed that may be useful for them.

Stakeholder PressureDepending on the issue, pressure from share-holder groups and nongovernmental organizationscan be either a nuisance or a real risk to brand reputation. The growth of social media makes it

Consumer Protection Act2 was signed by PresidentObama and included language addressing thisissue. Section 1502 of the Act puts the burdenon companies to know and disclose the sourceof the materials in their products.

Any company that submits reports to the U.S.Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) andmakes products containing these materials (e.g.,tungsten, tin, tantalum and gold), whether pur-chased directly or contained in a component orpart that is purchased, will be required to conductdue diligence of their supply chain and providea report. For many companies affected by thisregulation, it will require the collection of sourc-ing information from suppliers several layers removed from those with which they have a direct relationship.

3. U.K. Bribery Act—The Act,3 signed in 2010, isone of the most comprehensive anti-corruptionregulations in the world. While focused on busi-nesses based in the United Kingdom, it will havea big impact on the supply chain since it has extra-

territorial jurisdiction, making it applicable toU.K. nationals or residents anywhere in

the world. More importantly, the Actdoesn’t distinguish between directand indirect bribes, so a U.K.company may be liable for pay-ments made by suppliers or other

business partners acting on its behalf or just furthering a company’sbusiness.

In the United States, the ForeignCorrupt Practices Act (FCPA)4

has been in place for almost35 years, but since 2010, theU.S. Department of Justice has

significantly ramped up its en-forcement of its anti-bribery provi-

sions. The FCPA makes it unlawfulfor a U.S. person to make a paymentto a foreign official for the purpose of

obtaining or retaining business for orwith, or directing business to, any person. The FCPA was amended in1998 to cover foreign firms and persons who take any act in furtherance

The mix of regulatory requirements,customer demands, andstakeholder pressure are all combining to pressure companies tofocus on morethan just cost intheir sourcing decisions.


harder for a company to distinguish between thetwo, since even the smallest group can have a bigimpact. Companies should be aware that thesecampaigns can target either their industry or a specific issue, and they are often effective at drivingnew regulations or procurement requirements:

• Industry Focused—Some organizations, such asthe nonprofit coalition the GoodElectronics net-work (http://goodelectronics.org), have targetedtheir efforts toward pressuring an entire industryinto addressing social and environmental issuesin the supply chain. These industry initiatives areeffective because they rely on “peer pressure” bycompetitors in an industry to drive changes.

• Issue Focused—Publicly traded companies haveseen a rise in investor resolutions regarding supplychain issues such as human rights abuses andslavery. On the environmental front, for exam-ple, tar sands has become a hot issue and somegroups are pressuring logistics providers to investigate and disclose the specific refinerysources for the fuel they use.

What to Do?Not surprisingly, many companies are unpreparedfor this new scrutiny of supply chain practices.Many don’t even know where to start or have theresources to get started. Sustainability professionalscan play a key role in helping companies meetthese new expectations, but they will have theadded challenge of working in an area where thereis limited leverage and collecting information canbe a challenge.

To get started, a company should put their effortstoward having greater visibility into their supplychain, formalizing how they engage with their suppliers, preparing for more and greater trans-parency, and embracing collaboration with peersand outside groups:

1. Visibility—For some organizations, even knowingthe names of all of their suppliers can be a chal-lenge. Regardless of size, all companies shouldat least know the scope of their supply base andwhere they have points of leverage.

2. Engagement—Companies should examine howthey engage with suppliers and review any contractual agreements to ensure that there areterms in place that will allow them to collect anyinformation they may need. They should alsohave in place a program to clearly explain anyrequirements and future expectations. Tyingthese requirements into the periodic supplier review process is a good way to start.

3. Transparency—Stakeholders are expecting com-panies to be more open regarding the problemsand risks in their supply chains. Transparency isthe new normal and companies of every size aregoing to have to embrace this new information.

4. Collaboration—The supply chain is one areawhere industry and company collaboration is acrucial to success. For most industries, sharingcommon tools or information eliminates redun-dancy and ensures that suppliers provide thebest information for all customers. em

References1. The Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemical (REACH) substances; European Commission. See http://ec.europa.eu/

environment/chemicals/reach/reach_intro.htm.2. Proposed Rule: Conflict Minerals; Securities and Exchange Commission. See www.sec.gov/rules/proposed/2011/34-63793.pdf.3. The Bribery Act of 2010; United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office. See www.fco.gov.uk/en/global-issues/conflict-minerals/legally-binding-

process/uk-bribery-act.4. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA), Title 15 U.S. Code, Section 78dd-1 et. seq. See www.justice.gov/criminal/fraud/fcpa/.5. Senate Bill 657. California Transparency in Supply Chains Act of 2010, State of California. See http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/09-10/bill/sen/sb_0651-0700/

sb_657_bill_20100930_chaptered.html.6. Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Reporting Standard; World Resources Institute (WRI)/World Business Council

for Sustainable Development (WBSCD). See www.ghgprotocol.org/standards/scope-3-standard.


em • feature

A sustainable product is one that limits the consumption of natural resources, utilizes fair labor practices, and minimizes adverse health impacts to humans andthe environment throughout its life cycle.

Chemical FootprintEnsuring Product Sustainability

by Julie Panko and Kristen Hitchcock

Julie Panko is principalhealth scientist and KristenHitchcock is an associatehealth scientist, both withChemRisk, LLC. [email protected].


These attributes are traditionally characterized interms of carbon footprint, water footprint, andsometimes, societal impact. However, except forsocietal impact with respect to fair labor, none ofthese factors are typically associated with harm toa brand’s image, recall notices, or disruption of thesupply chain. Those damaging events are moreoften associated with the chemicals in the product—either as a result of an unwanted contaminant or atraditional ingredient that has come under fire froman environmental or health perspective.

The rise in importance of a product’s “chemical foot-print” is evidenced in many recent business surveys1-3

and is driven by significant changes in internationalchemical management regulations, ever increasingtoxic tort litigation, and creation of restricted sub-stance lists by retail and manufacturing giants in aneffort to control chemicals in their products.

Whether published by regulatory agencies such as the European Chemicals Agency’s (ECHA) sub-stances of very high concern (SVHC) or the UnitedNations’ Persistent Organic Pollutants (UN POPs),or by private companies, the advent of “black lists”of chemicals has generated a need for an objective,science-based approach for identifying appropriatesubstitutes. Understanding a product’s chemicalfootprint, therefore, is essential to ensure that thesubstitute chemical results in less health risk thanthe original substance and does not simply shift therisk from one endpoint to another.

What Is a Chemical Footprint?

Chemical FootprintAn indication of potential risk posed by a productbased on its chemical composition, the human andecological hazard properties of the ingredients, andthe exposure potential of the ingredients during itslife cycle.

The term chemical footprint has been in use sinceat least 2000 and is used to describe a variety ofdisparate interactions; for example:• an estimate of the chemical interaction between

an entity and its environment specifically forchemicals consumed, produced, and modifiedby an entity;

• analyses on RNA and DNA samples in labora-tory settings;4-7

• hazard zone lengths;8 or• amount of chemicals supplied to a customer.9

With respect to product sustainability, the first bulleted item is most appropriate and could be rephrased to read: “An indication of potential riskposed by a product based on its chemical composi-tion, the human and ecological hazard properties ofthe ingredients and the exposure potential of the ingredients during its life cycle.”

Are There Any Examples of a Chemical Footprint for a Product?The answer to this question is…no not really; however, chemical issues are being publically reported by some companies in a limited fashion.For example, Nike has developed the Nike Con-sidered Index,10 a tool for evaluating the predictedenvironmental footprint of a product prior to com-mercialization. Products are assigned a score usingthe index’s framework, wherein products are evaluated under five categories; two of which arerelated to chemicals: solvents (intensity of the useof solvents) and environmentally preferred materials(40% of this category is weighted based on thetoxicity profile, including carcinogens, acute hazards, chronic hazards, and endocrine disrup-tors/teratogens).

Additionally, Timberland has developed the Green-Index, which scores products based on the averageof scores given to three factors: climate impact, resource consumption, and chemicals used.11

Regarding the chemicals score, only PVC and solvent-based adhesives are considered in theGreenIndex. Although not necessarily publicizedto consumers or subjected to peer-review, manyother companies and industry groups have devel-oped in-house methods for screening chemicals fortheir specific product lines.

Product Development and Existing Chemical Evaluation Tools“Green” Chemistry principles espouse the devel-opment of chemicals that exhibit 12 characteristicsranging from those designed to minimize wasteand toxicity to those designed to degrade to innocuous substances at the end of their functionallife. However, there will always be chemicals thatwhile beneficial to society, cannot meet these criteria because they are designed to function as tox-icants in some way (i.e., biocides, chemotherapeutics),

Although limited,the TRA providesa reasonablestarting point toassess chemicalrisks associatedwith a product.


are essential elements to life, or even endogenouslyproduced, despite toxicity at high levels. Thus minimization of risk to organisms is key to their design/development and use in products. Further,until sustainable chemistry or green chemistry paradigms take hold and mature, and allow replacement of the tens of thousands of existingchemicals on the market, there will be a need toexamine the risk reductions that can be achievedusing currently available substances.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA)Design for the Environment (DfE) program offers astarting point to selecting alternative chemicalswhen considering substitutes. However, the alter-natives assessment process is only a hazard-basedapproach and does not consider the possibility forexposure and thus overall risk from a chemical’suse in a product.

Recently, researchers developed a model for evaluating chemical-related impacts in a life cycleassessment (LCA). As discussed by Hauschild etal.,12 evaluation of the toxicity impact factor in aLCA has historically been difficult to accomplishand chemical-related impacts were excluded fromlife cycle impact assessments, leaving the LCAs asmerely energy assessments. As such, the UnitedNations’ Environment Programme-Society of Envi-ronmental Toxicology and Chemistry (UNEP-SETAC) Life Cycle Initiative Task Force on Toxicsdeveloped a consensus multimedia model, calledUSEtox, which provides characterization factors forhuman toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity.13,14 Thetask force believes this model is ideal for prioritizing10–20 chemicals’ emissions of concern in the lifecycle inventory, although its developers acknowl-edge its limitation.12 In fact, the characterization fac-tors are only precise within a factor of 100 to 1000,which may not be helpful in selecting betweenavailable substitutes.14,15

Additionally, the European Center for Ecotoxicologyand Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) developeda screening-level model to understand potentialchemical risks resulting from exposure to con-sumers, workers, and the environment. The ECE-TOC Targeted Risk Assessment (TRA) tools havebeen used for many chemical registrations underthe European Union’s Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemical Sub-stances (REACH) and provided a Tier 1-type of riskanalysis for thousands of chemicals and their myriadof downstream uses. Although limited, the ECETOC

TRA provides a reasonable starting point to assesschemical risks associated with a product.

Components of a Chemical FootprintA risk-based chemical footprint includes both anevaluation of the toxicity of the chemicals used ina product, as well as the potential for exposure tothe chemical constituents throughout a product’slife cycle. While the availability of toxicity data is increasing rapidly as a result of various internationalregulatory requirements, and both screening-leveland advanced toxicity models are becoming morewidely available, exposure assessment remainscomplicated. Empirical exposure data for chemicalexposure to humans or the environment from useof a product, however, is rare and should be prior-itized for future research. In the meantime, variousmathematical models may be required to fill thedata gap despite the high uncertainties for somechemicals and exposure scenarios.

An example of the toxicity component of a chem-ical footprint is shown in Figure 1. In this figure,toxicity scores for two different chemical ingredi-ents in a product were evaluated. In this scenario,the “old” chemical is considered a carcinogen andslated for elimination, and the “new” chemical iden-tified as the substitute, while not a carcinogen, isan aquatic toxicant. Because the use of the productis not going to change and there is a potential forrelease of the chemicals to water, the risks associ-ated with the chemical ingredients has not neces-sarily been reduced, it has merely been shifted. Onthe other hand, if there is no release of the chemicalto an aquatic habitat from use of the product, thenthe risks and thus the chemical footprint wouldhave been reduced.

Supplier Responsibility or Opportunity?Changing chemical regulatory landscapes, such asCanada’s Chemical Management Plan and Chal-lenge Program, the European Union’s REACH, andthe myriad of proposed state-led regulations bur-geoning throughout the United States, inevitablyaffect the entire supply chain. Given this interde-pendence, a product’s chemical footprint is impor-tant to both the manufacturer and their suppliers.Evaluating whether a suppliers chemical poses anunacceptable risk is certainly a responsibility undercertain regulatory paradigms, but it is also an opportunity to work with customers to supplychemicals which help them to minimize the chem-ical footprint of their products.


ConclusionsCurrently, the methods for determining a chemicalfootprint are underdeveloped, leaving supplierswith no industry standard approach. With the inputof stakeholders, a standard can be developed. Ultimately, chemical footprint analysis should include a comprehensive quantification of thechemicals used, consumed, produced, or modifiedthroughout the life cycle of the product of interest,

and the risks posed, such that manufacturers canmake informed decisions regarding the chemicalsthey use. For some products this will be a monu-mental undertaking, but the stakes are high forboth suppliers and manufacturers, making it wellworth the effort to establish a transparent and risk-based approach to this up and coming environ-mental performance metric. em

Figure 1. An example ofthe potential toxicity component of a chemicalfootprint.

References1. Lubin, D.A.; Esty, D.C. The Big Idea: The Sustainability Imperative; Harvard Business Review 2010, 42-50.2. Steen, M. The Psychology and Economics of Green Business; Stanford Business Magazine 2011.3. Makower, J.; Wheeland, M.; Herrera, T.; O’Connor, M.C.; Davies, J.; Guevarra, L.; Bardelline, J. State of Green Business 2011; GreenBiz Group, 2011.4. Bouet, J.-Y.; Surtees, J.A.; Funnell, B.E. Stoichiometry of P1 Plasmid Partition Complexes; J. Bio. Chem. 2000, 275 (11), 8213-8219.5. LaGrandeur, T.E.; Hüttenhofer, A.; Noller, H.F.; Pace, N.R. Phylogenetic Comparitive Chemical Footprint Analysis of the Interaction Between

Ribonuclease P RNA and tRNA; The EMBO Journal 1994, 13 (17), 3945-3952.6. Shen, L.L.; Black-Schaefer, C.; Cai, Y.; Dandliker, P. J.; Beutel B.A. Mechanism of Action of a Novel Series of Naphthyridine-Type Ribosome Inhibitors:

Enhancement of tRNA Footprinting at the Decoding Site of 16S rRNA; Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2005, 49 (5), 1890-1897.7. Kofoed, C.B.; Vester, B. Interaction of Avilamycin with Ribosomes and Resistance Caused by Mutations in 23S rRNA; Antimicrobial Agents and

Chemotherapy 2002, 46 (11), 3339-3342.8. Batterman, S.; Kovacs, E. Threshold Quantity Criteria for Risk Management Programs: Recommendations for Toxic Releases; J. Haz. Mat. 2003, 105

(1-3), 39-60.9. Bierma, T.J.; Waterstraat Jr, F.L. Chemical Management: Reducing Waste and Cost Through Innovative Supply Strategies; John Wiley & Sons:

Canada, 2000; pp 84-88.10. NikeBiz: Nike Responsibility: Considered Design: The Considered Index. See www.nikebiz.com/responsibility/considered_design/considered_

index.html (accessed May 11, 2011).11. Timberland GreenIndex. See http://community.timberland.com/Earthkeeping/Green-Index#ChemicalsUsed (accessed May 11, 2011).12. Hauschild, M.; Huijbregts, M.; Jolliet, O.; Margni, M.; van de Meent, D.; Rosenbaum, R.; McKone T. Achieving Consensus on the Assessment

of Toxicity in LCA; EM 2009, 24-29.13. Finnveden, G.; Hauschild, M.Z.; Ekvall, T.; Guinee, J.; Heijungs, R.; Hellweg, S.; Koehler, A.; Pennington, D.; Suh, S. Recent Developments in Life

Cycle Assessment; J. Environ. Manage. 2009, 91, 1-21.14. Rosenbaum, R.K.; Bachmann, T.M.; Gold, L.S.; Huijbregts, M.A.J.; Jolliet, O.; Juraske, R.; Koehler, A.; Larsen, H.F.; MacLeod, M.; Margni, M.; McKone,

T.E.; Payet, J.; Schuhmacher, M.; van de Meent, D.; Hauschild, M.Z. USEtox—The UNEP-SETAC Toxicity Model: Recommended CharacterizationFactors for Human Toxicity and Freshwater Ecotoxicity and Life Cycle Impact Assessment; International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2008,13, 532-546.

15. Van Caneghem, J.; Block, C.; Vandecasteele, C. Assessment of the Impact on Human Health of Industrial Emissions to Air: Does the Result Depend on the Applied Method?; J. Haz. Mat. 2010, 184, 788-797.

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em • feature

by Benoit Gilson, Pascale Heylen, and Walter Aertsens

Benoit Gilson is generalmanager of corporate andpublic affairs, PascaleHeylen, is an environmentaladvisor, and Walter Aertsens, is an energy expert, all with Infrabel, Brussels; www.infrabel.be.

The transport sector is responsible for approximately one quarter of the EuropeanUnion’s (EU) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Reducing Carbon Intensity of the SupplyChain by Promoting Public TransportEuropean Transport Sector Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Since rail transportation represents only 0.7% oftotal transport GHG emissions, it has lower impacton climate and the environment than most othertransport modes.1 Moreover, as noted in the WhitePaper on Transport 2011,2 in which the EuropeanCommission adopted a roadmap outlining a pathtoward a competitive and resource-efficient trans-port system, a shift to rail transport is consideredto be an energy-efficient mode in optimizing theperformance of multimodal intercity travel and logistic chains.

The Rail Sector as Part of the EU’s ObjectivesThe rail sector is addressing economic and environ-mental issues, as energy costs are rising and climatechange is a matter of increasing concern, by im-proving energy efficiency and cutting GHG emis-sions associated with freight and passenger transport.Climate change protection and adaptation are re-flected in the International Union of Railways (UIC’s)targets for 2030 and vision for 2050 as two of thekey environmental challenges. However it is recog-nized that any move toward a carbon-free rail sectorultimately depends on the mix of energy supply,which is outside the direct control of the rail sector.

The Rail Sector as Part of a Sustainable Transport ChainTransport emissions contribute to the Scope 3GHG emissions of the overall supply chain, as defined by The World Resources Institute/WorldBusiness Council on Sustainable DevelopmentGHG Protocol.3 The Scope 3 GHG emissions areconsidered indirect emissions that result from indirect activities, such as employee commutingand business travel.4

Companies could reduce Scope 3 emissions throughshifting commuter or business traveller trips andgoods movement to public transport from heavy-duty truck, car, and air travel. The online tools EcoPassenger5 and EcoTransIT6 allow clients to cal-culate the environmental impact of passenger andfreight transport and compare emissions by rail,road, ship, and aircraft, in any combination.

In view of the European GHG emissions objectives,the rail sector seeks to reduce the carbon intensityof its own supply chain, thereby reducing the impact of passenger and goods movement on theoverall supply chain of its customers.

In order to reduce its own environmental impactand GHG emissions, the Belgian rail infrastructuremanager Infrabel provides its activities with greenelectricity and supports a modal shift to publictransport by enhancing the availability of electricalvehicles. These actions are in line with the corpo-ration’s environmental policy plan 2010–2012,which includes four principal actions to reduce and“green” the consumption of electricity for rail activities: • a better energy efficiency and fewer carbon

dioxide emissions,• raise the share of renewable energy,• reduce energy losses in electrical installations, and• develop a more uniform speed on the Belgian net-

work, enabling more energy efficient rail services.

Key Goals Outlined in the White Paper on Transport 20112

The European Commission has adopted a roadmap outlining 40 initiatives that willlead to a reduction of Europe’s dependence on imported oil and a reduction of thecarbon emissions in transport by 60% by 2050. Key goals include

✔ cities free of conventionally-fuelled cars;✔ 40% use of sustainable low-carbon fuels in aviation;✔ at least a 40% cut in shipping emissions; and✔ a 50% shift of medium distance intercity passenger and freight journeys from

road to rail and waterborne transport.

All of which will contribute to a 60% cut in transport emissions by the middle ofthe century.

Infrabel, the Belgian rail infrastructure manager, is aquasi-governmental corpora-tion in charge of manage-ment, maintenance, renewal,and development of the Belgian railway network. Thecompany is also responsiblefor the organization and survey of railway traffic andensures all Belgian and foreign operators have non-discriminatory access to itsnetwork. The corporationwas established on January1, 2005, as a result of thetransposition of the Europeandirectives for the privatizationof the railway sector into Belgian law. Today, the com-pany employs approximately12,500 people and generatesa turnover of approximately1 billion euros (2008).


Central Station inAntwerp, Belgium.Photo courtesy of Infrabel.


Infrabel buys the electricity at a fair price, compa-rable with the market price of the power exchange.Infrabel also avoids grid fees because the solar installation injects directly into the electricity instal-lations of Infrabel.

The project was financially feasible thanks to thesystem of green certificates that supports new renewable production facilities in the Flemish region.A green certificate is given for each MWh produced.These certificates are bought by the distributionsystem operator for 350 EUR a piece (483 USD)and this during a period of 20 years. The projectalso received a subsidy of 1.7 million EUR (2.4 mil-lion USD) from the Flemish government.

By supporting green energy supply, Infrable is ableto offer sustainable transport solutions, contribut-ing to a lower carbon footprint for its clients trans-porting passengers and freight. In Belgium, theaverage train emits 25g CO2/passenger km (0.09lb/passenger mi). An average car produces aboutsix times more CO2 emissions. In this way, switch-ing to transportation by rail might help contributeto companies’ Scope 3 GHG emissions.

Electrical Vehicles Contributing to Modal ShiftThe pilot project “Plug&Ride”7 aims to enhancepublic services and offers a modal shift to rail trans-port. At four train stations, electrical vehicles andcharging units are available for passengers, allow-ing them a sustainable journey before or after atrain trip. The test users noted the use of the elec-trical vehicles as highly positive and saved 75%CO2 emissions driving 9,105 km or 600km/month/vehicle (370 mi/month/vehicle) during athree-month trial period. The limited and unsurerange of the battery, and the long charging timeswere noted as obstacles. However, this projectshows that networked transport solutions mightoffer a modal shift to more sustainable transportmodes. Enlarging this project to the 36 main stationsin Belgium is currently under consideration. em

Green Energy Supply for Train OperationsTogether with the renewable energy company Enfinity, Infrabel has launched a project to runtrains on solar energy. The renewable energy isused by the trains and stations servicing both conventional and high-speed trains on the lineconnecting Amsterdam and Paris via Brussels.

Approximately 16,000 solar panels are installed onthe roof of a high-speed rail tunnel stretching morethan 3.4 km (2.1 miles), along the E19 highway inBelgium. The roof’s total surface area is 50,000 m2

(538,200 ft2), roughly equivalent to the size ofeight soccer fields. Initially, the tunnel was built toreduce the environmental impact of the high-speedline on the nearby national reserve Peerdsbos.

The installation covers a capacity of 4.2 MW andshould generate an estimated 3.3 GWh of elec-tricity per year, which is roughly the yearly averageenergy consumption of 950 European families.The energy is injected in a 15 kV AC – network,which is used to feed signalization installations andother electrical installations on the north-south con-junction in Antwerp.

Rail operations in Belgium consume approximately1,500 GWh of electricity per year. The green electricity provided by the Peerdsbos installationprovides energy for about 1 day of operations orapproximately 4,000 train-runs each year repre-senting a total amount of 200,000 km each year(124,300 mi). The energy produced from solarpanels will result in a reduction of 47.3 million kgcarbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 20 years, or2,650 tons of CO2 per year.

The installation has been in use since April 2011.The total investment budget is 15.7 million EUR(22.6 million USD) and carried by Enfinity, theinter-municipal financial societies Finea and Ika,Solar Power Systems and Infrabel as a public-private partnership. The solar panels were installedfree of charge on the roof of the tunnel. In return,

References1. GHG emissions: 12.8% are generated by aviation, 13.5% by maritime transport, 0.7% by rail, 1.8% by inland navigation, and 71.3% by road

transport Source: European Environment Agency, 2008. See http://ec.europa.eu/transport/strategies/facts-and-figures/putting-sustainability-at-the-heart-of-transport/index_en.htm.

2. White Paper on Transport 2011; European Commission. See http://ec.europa.eu/transport/strategies/2011_white_paper_en.htm.3. See www.ghgprotocol.org.4. Scope 1 GHG emissions result from the direct combustion of fossil fuels and process GHG emissions, Scope 2 emissions are those that stem

from the generation of purchased electricity.5. See www.ecopassenger.com.6. See www.ecotransit.org.7. “Plug and Ride” was organized by NMBS-Holding, Siemens en the federal authority FOD Economie, in collaboration with Bond Beter Leefmi-

lieu, CIEM, VITO, Leaseplan, Cambio and Infrabel.

In partnership with Enfinity,Infrabel installed 16,000Solar panels on the roof ofa high-speed rail tunnel inBelgium. The installation is expected to generate 3.3 Gwh of electricity per year.


Dr. David Marrack, who died at theage of 88 on September 23, 2011,in Houston, TX, was a retired clinicalpathologist, general practitioner, andenvironmentalist whose career

spanned more than 60 years.

Born in 1922 in Hartford, north of London, he wasthe son of Dr. John Richard Marrack. His interest inpublic health was rooted in a 1937 typhoid epi-demic in the London suburb of Croydon, which heassisted his father in the investigation. His concernfor the issue deepened after surviving an eventnow called the “London Killer Fog.” Dr. Marrackgraduated from the London Hospital Medical College in 1947, and served in the Royal AirForce’s medical division during World War II.

After a fellowship at Barnes Jewish Hospital in1953–1954, he held a position as a pathologist atWestminster Hospital Medical School from 1954to 1958. From 1958 to 1961, he served as achemical pathologist at the Institute of Neurology,National Hospital for Nervous Disease, QueenSquare, London. In 1961, Dr. Marrack, his wife, Patricia, and three children immigrated to theUnited States for a position as Chief of Biochemistryin Research Clinical Pathology at the University ofTexas M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Instituteand as an Associate Professor of Pathology at theUniversity of Texas Postgraduate Medical School.In 1968, he became a pathologist to the HarrisCounty Hospital District at Ben Taub and JeffersonDavis Hospitals and Assistant Professor at BaylorCollege of Medicine, Pathology Department, Houston, TX.

Dr. Marrack’s research and clinical training, and ed-ucation at King’s College, Cambridge helped shapehis views on environmental issues. Many peopleknew Dr. Marrack for his efforts to curtail air pollu-tion, toxic releases, incineration issues, and vehicularemissions. He served on the board of the Galveston–Houston Association for Smog Prevention (GHASP)

for nearly two decades. He often was called to giveexpert testimony in those areas in hearings and law-suits against polluters, and wrote more than 200 papers on the impact of bad air on people living incommunities near industrial plant sites.

Dr. Marrack was a long-time member of A&WMA,who was active in Technical Council, and a regularpresence at A&WMA’s Annual Conference & Exhibi-tion. Those who knew Dr. Marrack may rememberhis unambiguous and sharp questions presentedduring the A&WMA Critical Review.

Dr. Marrack is survived by his three children: JaneMarrack Harrison and her husband Charles W.Harrison III, Paul Marrack and wife KatharineOgden Marrack, Mary Marrack Papke and husbandWallace E. Papke, Jr.; and three grandchildren,Rachel Lynn Harrison, Stephan Michael Harrison,and Andrew Ogden Marrack. em

em • in memoriam

In Memory of A&WMA Member David Marrack


em • it insight

Due diligence is a way to identify and managebusiness risks. This column focuses on referencecustomer contact, part of the greater effort that or-ganizations should undergo before signing soft-ware and implementation service contracts.

Due Diligence CriteriaDue diligence begins well before you start to speakwith potential software vendors. Establish a set ofobjective criteria early in the software life cycle toallow you to judge candidate software packagesand vendors. When your organization develops astrategy and charter for the EH&S software system,this sets the tone for the program. Common nextsteps are to develop a set of prioritized businessrequirements and to develop a business case.

The due diligence criteria address not only how thesoftware helps to automate your EH&S businessprocesses, but also a number of factors that impactthe potential success of the implementation. Examples of evaluation criteria include:

• vendor characteristics;• alignment with EH&S business needs;• alignment with information technology (IT) needs;• ability for users to adopt the software;• potential for successful implementation; and• total cost of ownership.

Key stakeholders—a “steering committee” or “coreteam” representing EH&S, IT, operations, and management—must reach consensus on the duediligence criteria. Define what your organizationmeans by each of the evaluation criteria and assigna “weight” to each one, adding to 100%. For

by Jill Gilbert

Jill Barson Gilbert, QEP,is president of Lexicon Systems, LLC. E-mail:[email protected].

“Due diligence” commonly refers to voluntary investigation of a business beforesigning a contract and is a key component of the environment, health, and safety(EH&S) software evaluation and selection process. Just as you perform EH&S duediligence when buying or selling assets, you should perform due diligence on asoftware package you intend to implement, its vendor, and implementation team.

instance, alignment with business needs is 20% ofthe score, and total cost of ownership is 10% ofthe score (see Figure 1). Some of my clients usetotal cost of ownership as one of the criteria, andothers do not.

Customer Due DiligenceArmed with a solid set of evaluation criteria, goforth with software demos and the proposal process!Once you have narrowed down your list of potentialvendors to that one or two that appear to best fityour needs, then you are ready to schedule dis-cussions with reference customers. You should askeach prospective software vendor for references—and check them. You should ask your colleagues inother companies for references, as well.

Get feedback from a business similar to yours, abusiness that has similar EH&S needs, and/or similarcomplexity of software implementation. Prepare astandard list of questions to ask each reference, andtry to elicit answers to each one, each time you interview a reference.

Telephone conferences work well for referencecalls. Involve the steering committee and perhapsa representative from your purchasing group.Some reference customers will provide a softwaredemo, allowing you to see an actual implementation.

Speak with others in the software user community,attending regional or local user group meetings iftime allows. User communities share best practices,potentially making your implementation and on-going maintenance easier.

Prepare a standard list of questions to askeach reference,and try to elicitanswers to eachone, each timeyou interview a reference.

EH&S Software Due Diligence Is Critical to Success


Advice from Software CustomersI recently facilitated an EH&S software and evalua-tion process for a client. We had the opportunityto speak with a dozen or more customers of thesoftware application packages under consideration.Here is the advice we received—with additionsbased upon my experience over the years on otherprojects—categorized as technology, people, andprocess issues.

Technology • No software “out of the box” will fulfill all of your

needs.• Software will not replace your EH&S personnel. • Those working on the project must be familiar

with the system and how it works.• Implementers must understand the software and

how you want to interact with it.

People• Get senior management commitment to elimi-

nate old ways and to embrace the new system. • Represent all stakeholders. Involve key users in

the implementation. • Drive a single EH&S culture of responsibility and

accountability. • Have a good relationship with your IT group.• Organizational change management is important;

people will need to change how they do work. • Train people consistently and train them well.• Have a “voice of sanity” on the team. • “Go all in or don’t go.”

Process• Perform due diligence. Identify pitfalls before

implementation. • Get into the nuts and bolts. Capture everything

you might need in the future. • Configure the system consistently. Document

how and why you configure the system.• Develop consistent naming standards to enable

data queries and reports. • Have a gatekeeper to make sure that users adhere

to standards. • Eradicate all vestiges of legacy systems when you

implement the new system. • Establish clusters of experts in the system to

support others.• Develop a sound change management process

to manage “scope creep.” • Have operations personnel enter data to avoid

duplicate processes and systems. • Attend software user group meetings to take ad-

vantage of best practices.• Get over roadblocks and do not “finger-point.”

Do not wait until a software vendor has provided acouple of demos to think about due diligence. And,more important, do not make shortcuts with the duediligence process, or skip it altogether, just becauseyou are anxious to get a contract signed. Start earlyin the software/systems life cycle, involve key stake-holders, develop a set of objective evaluation criteriaand a list of questions, and speak with customer references. You will be glad that you did. em

Figure 1. Example evalua-tion criteria.


em • yp perspective

The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen R. CoveyThe focus of this book is that it’s better to be effectivethan just busy, and with demands on time likenever before, our young professionals have towork intelligently.—Dallas Baker, Mississippi Depart-ment of Environmental Quality

Blue Ocean Strategyby W. Chan Kim and Renée MauborgneWe are creatures of habit more often than we liketo admit. Strategic planning frequently boils downto efforts at doing today the same things we didyesterday…only better. Kim and Mauborgne promote strategic thinking that’s focused on meetingthe needs of today, which may be altogether differ-ent than the needs we aimed to meet yesterday.—Chip Halbert, Landau Associates

Brain Rules: 12 Principles for Surviving and Thrivingat Work, Home, and School by John MedinaFascinating book that explains how the brain worksand the effects on personal productivity and inter-actions based on scientific research.—Laurel Peterson,SLR International Corp.

A Civil Action by Jonathan HarrIt tells the story of gross environmental contami-nation caused by two companies that result in people’s deaths. In a perfect world, they should beheld accountable for their actions, but the two companies take two entirely different approacheswith two different outcomes. I think it is pertinentfor environmental professionals to read, because

our job is environmental stewardship, no matterwho you work for.—Denise Newbould, Aware Consulting

The Earth Is Enough by Harry MiddletonThis is a novel and a good read. But it is a jewel formotivating thinking about what success really isand how socially unacceptable it can sometimeslook to do what you truly love and live the way thatmatters most to you.—Martha Moore, SLR Consulting

The Elements of Styleby William Strunk, Jr., and E.B. WhiteThis isn’t a book you necessarily read from cover tocover, but it is one that everyone should have ontheir bookshelf. People need to learn how to writebetter.—Brad Waldron, NGE LLC

A Fierce Green Fire by Philip ShabecoffIt covers the philosophy and evolution of the American environmental movement. While envi-ronmental professionals aren’t necessarily environ-mentalists, the history is important and lends anunderstanding to things are lost in today’s world.—Brad Waldron, NGE LLC

Hot, Flat, and Crowded by Thomas FriedmanFriedman presents an interesting account of threeinter-related issues of international interest: globalwarming, technological advancements, and population growth trends. This is a valuable, multi-faceted review of current affairs that you don’t wantto miss.—Chip Halbert, Landau Associates

Book Recommendations

YP Perspective is a monthlycolumn organized byA&WMA’s Young ProfessionalAdvisory Council (YPAC). Ifyou have a topic you wouldlike to see young professionalsdiscuss, e-mail:[email protected].

YPAC strives to effectivelyengage YPs within the Association by developingservices and activities to meetthe needs of today’s youngprofessionals. A YP is definedby the Association as being35 years of age or younger.Each YP is encouraged toget involved with the Associ-ation, whether within theirlocal Chapter or Section orwithin the Association’s fourCouncils (Education Council,Technical Council, Sectionsand Chapters Councils, andYPAC). YPs interested in get-ting involved may contactYPAC for more informationon current volunteer andleadership opportunities.

As the calendar year comes to a close, YP Perspective is also completing its first yearof publication in EM. As we close on a great year and look ahead to another, wetake time off from our normal column format to present a compilation of adviceand opinions from leaders within A&WMA regarding books that they feel youngprofessionals should read and take to heart. The following list includes a wide assortment of books and topics, but each of them has the potential to make youa better, more well-rounded professional. Add them to your wish list and enjoy!


In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s Best-Run Companiesby Tom Peters and Robert H. Waterman, Jr.This book discusses the concept of managementby wandering around (MWA). MWA is an effectiveinformal business communications technique andis helpful in collecting qualitative information, listeningto suggestions and complaints, watching activities,and keep a finger on the pulse of your group. Theproject leaders who are able to act on this infor-mation are generally highly successful in theirwork.—Ashok Kumar, University of Toledo

Linchpin: Are You Indispensable? by Seth GodinToo many employees love to say, either directly orindirectly, that some task is not in their job description, therefore they should not be doing it.I think it is more important to become a valuableasset to your supervisor (and their supervisor), andI believe you will reap the rewards by rising up thecareer ladder.—Scott McQuiston, Lansing Board ofWater & Light

Networking Is a Contact Sport by Joe SweeneyThis is a great book for new professionals to develop solid networking skills.—Timothy R.McAuley, Consulting for Health, Air, Nature, and aGreener Environment (CHANGE), LLC

Outliers, The Story of Successby Malcolm GladwellFor years, our society saw starperformers in business, sports,and music as gifted individualswhose natural talent allowedthem to outperform others intheir respective field. However,recent scientific evidence hassupported the role of hardwork. Outliers is one

of the best among many books that address thisissue. It is an interesting read that can change yourunderstanding of success and its contributing fac-tors, and gives you new perspectives in achievingsuccess as a young professional.—Ali Farnoud, Trinity Consultants

Over the Edge of the World: Magellan’s Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globeby Laurence BergreenIt demonstrates so clearly how much and howquickly a nation’s role in the world can change andhow motivated people could be for something assilly as a clove and other spices. Finally, it is impressive how daring early explorers were to embark on voyages with pretty murky details ondestination.—Peter Wahl, Jackson Walker, LLP

The Quiet World by Douglas BrinkleIt is the story of the American conservation move-ment, over a century or more, which led to today’senvironmental consciousness.—Peter B. Desrochers,Dormitory Authority of the State of New York

Robert’s Rules For Dummies by C. Alan JenningsThe book focuses on how to make meetings pro-ductive and focused, since we spend so much time


in meetings why not find a way to make them pro-ductive?—Harry Klodowski, Hull & Klodowski, LLC

Silent Spring by Rachel CarsonIt shows our society’s general ignorance of the im-pacts we had on our own environment as late asthe mid-1900s. Carson’s writings were not popularat the time, and appear alarmist and perhaps excessive to today’s reader, but this was a game-changer, and is still a good read.—Peter B.Desrochers, Dormitory Authority of the State ofNew York

Smogtown—The Lung-Burning History of Pollution in Los Angelesby Chip Jacobs and William J. KellyThis book tracks the history of comprehensive airpollution control efforts in Los Angeles. The socialand political dynamics that evolved from this grassroots concern for public health makes for anelucidating read.—Earl Withycombe, California AirResources Board

Something New Under the Sun: An Environmen-tal History of the Twentieth-Century World

by J.R. McNeill The book takes a historian’s viewpointand through statistical evidence showshow significant the increase in energyand resource use has become in recent times. It indicates that withoutsignificant technological breakthroughswe are reaching/ have reached the

point on the exponential growth curve where it isnow a logistics curve.—Ricky Tropp, Desert ResearchInstitute

True Success by Tom Morris There are lots of general books on how to find suc-cess in life. They have differing perspectives. Thisone has a nice perspective on being a good humanand finding balanced success in many areas of life.The author has a quirky streak and an enjoyablewriting style. And this book has a great collectionof quotable quotes sprinkled throughout.—MarthaMoore, SLR Consulting

Understanding Variation—The Key to Managing Chaos by Donald J. WheelerThis is an excellent book on how to establish ameasurement system, analyze the resulting data,and then use the data to manage your processesand ensure they are “in control”. It is quite thought-provoking, and will become one of those booksthat you return to again and again. Good refer-ence.—Patricia A. Brush, Air Liquide E&C

The U.S. Army Leadership Field Manual by The Center for Army LeadershipThough I didn’t take this gift to me seriously at firstglance, I’ve grown to admire its universal conceptsof leader development and wisdom. It goes intodepth of what a leader must be (character), mustknow (competence), and must do (true leader-ship).—Dallas Baker, Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality

Win: The Key Principles for Taking Your Businessfrom Ordinary to Extraordinary by Frank LuntzThis is a great reference for new professionals looking to start their own business.—Timothy R.McAuley, CHANGE, LLC

You Just Don’t Understand by Deborah TannenDr. Tannen is a sociolinguist who explores

gender-based communication tendencies,the understanding of which is useful

in the workplace. Knowing how whatwe say is being perceived helps us in delivering correct messages, aswell as correctly understanding

messages delivered to us.—Randy York,Chevron em


A&WMA’s Master Thesis and Doctoral DissertationAwards acknowledge one or two exceptional theses/dissertations per year.

The awards are presented at the Student AwardsCeremony during the Association’s Annual Con-ference & Exhibition in June, and the recipients arealso acknowledged in EM magazine.

Nominations shall be original work that makes anunusually significant contribution to the fields of air quality, waste, or sustainability/management pertaining to air quality or waste. Faculty advisorsare encouraged to nominate one master’s thesis ordoctoral dissertation completed by their advisee.

A brief cover letter shall be prepared by the advisorthat describes the role of the advisor with respectto the advisee’s preparation of the thesis/disserta-tion, the intellectual contributions that were madeby the advisee when preparing the thesis/disserta-tion, and the date when the degree requirementswere completed. Contact information, including e-mail address, mailing address, and telephone

number, for the advisor and advisee who preparedthe thesis must be filled out and submitted usingthe official nomination form.

A&WMA master thesis and doctoral dissertationaward nominations are limited to one per year foreach faculty member.

Nominations may only be made by faculty advisorswho are members of A&WMA. Self nominationsby students will not be accepted. The cover letterthat is prepared by the advisor, the nominee’s résumé, the entire thesis/dissertation that was writ-ten by the advisee, and the completed nominationform must be submitted by the advisor electronicallyas a PDF file to [email protected] by Monday,January 16, 2012, for a degree awarded duringthe previous calendar year (January 1, 2011-December 31, 2011).

Additional details about the awards and copies ofthe official nomination form may be downloadedfrom www.awma.org/App_Themes/Public/Docs/open/MasterThesis AwardGuide.pdf. em

A&WMA Seeks Nominations for Its Master Thesis and Doctoral Dissertation AwardsDeadline: January 16, 2012

em • association news

A&WMABuyers GuideTap into the incredible network of the Air & Waste Management Association with the A&WMA Buyers Guide. Powered by MultiView, the Guide is the premier search tool for environmental professionals. Find the suppliers you need, within the network of the association you trust.

Start your search today at awma.org.


A proud supporter of IPEP and the Qualified Environmental Professional(QEP) and EnvironmentalProfessional Intern (EPI)certifications, A&WMAcongratulates the newest*QEPs and EPIs for theiroutstanding achievements!

EPIsLaura AnnaSummer Joy BarberSyed BokhariKatelyn BooneSean BraganHanna DuffyAileen EvanJack HaflettJustyna Sacharzewska

QEPsAnkur ChoudharyMarc FernandezKevin HahnJ. Dwain KincaidBenjamin MartichVincent PassaroStephen ReidGary RitterChandra Sonwane

*QEPs and EPIs certified after

November 15, 2011, will be

acknowledged in the March

2012 edition of IPEP Quarterly.

em • ipep quarterly

The Institute of ProfessionalEnvironmental Practice

www.ipep.org

Accredited by

www.cesb.org

contributions tothe environmentalprofession or tosociety at large. Dr.Bravo is a seniorresearcher at theCenter of Atmos-pheric Sciences atthe National Uni-versity of Mexico.He has servedthere as the headof the Environmen-tal Pollution Section since 1970. In addition to hisaccomplishments as a researcher, Dr. Bravo hasserved as advisor and consultant to numerous gov-ernment and international organizations. Through-out his career, Dr. Bravo’s commitment to theguidance and development of high ethical stan-dards in young environmental professionals hasbeen exemplary. A member of A&WMA since1961 and regular attendee of the Annual Confer-ence & Exhibition, Dr. Bravo was awarded Hon-orary Membership in 2007, an honor conferredupon persons who have attained eminence insome field related to the mission and objectives ofA&WMA or who have rendered valuable service tothe Association. em

Now Accepting Nominations for 2012 IPEP Annual AwardsRecognize an exceptional QEP with a nominationin one of the following categories:

• Professional Standards and Ethics• Professional Development and Mentoring• International Collaboration and Cooperation• Interdisciplinary Management Approach• Multi-media Technological Solution• Lifetime Achievement in Environmental Practice

Nominations for the 2012 IPEP Annual Awards willbe accepted from November 1, 2011 to March 1,2012. Download applications at www.ipep.org.

Each recipient must be in good standing as a QEP or QEP Emeritus, and may be recognized individually or as a substantial contributor to agroup (e.g., corporation, government agency, non-governmental organization, or sub-unit within alarger organization).

2011 Lifetime Achievement Award Winner —Dr. Humberto Bravo Alvarez

IPEP congratulates Dr. Humberto Bravo Alvarez onhis selection for the 2011 IPEP Annual Award, presented to him in the category of LifetimeAchievement! This award recognizes exceptional

Will Your A&WMA Section or Chapter Be #1?IPEP is offering one free conference registrationwith partial travel scholarship for A&WMA’s 2012Annual Conference & Exhibition (ACE) in San Antonio, TX, to the three Sections/Chapters thatsend IPEP the most EPI applications between July1, 2011 and December 31, 2011. Individual win-ners will be randomly drawn from all applicationsfrom the winning Sections/Chapters.

Ties will be settled by IPEP in a random drawing.To qualify, each A&WMA Chapter or Section musthave a minimum of three applicants. For a com-plete list of contest rules and to download applica-tions, visit www.ipep.org. em

• First Place - ACE 2012 Registration + $500 for travel

• Second Place - ACE 2012 Registration + $300 for travel

• Third Place - ACE 2012 Registration + $200 for travel

Dr. Bravo (left) is pictured withDr. Rodolfo Sosa Echeverria,QEP, who nominated Dr. Bravo for the award.


em • washington report

Five Areas Added to List of Those Not Meeting Air Standards for Lead

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) said it added five more areas to the list of states and areas that are notmeeting the health-based air quality standards for lead in a second round of designations. Using air quality monitoring datafor all 50 states between 2008 and 2010, EPA added one nonattainment area each in Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, andPuerto Rico, bringing the total to 21 nonattainment areas in 11 states. EPA also said it was expanding one existing nonat-tainment area in Pennsylvania to include Lower Beaver Valley.

EPA had indicated in June that parts of these four states and Puerto Rico had failed to meet the revised lead standard andthat it was planning to expand the existing nonattainment area in Pennsylvania. In the first round, which was completed inNovember 2010, EPA said the same 11 states contained 16 areas that were out of compliance. All states with nonattainmentareas will need to develop plans to reduce lead pollution within 18 months and to implement them within five years of receiving the designation.

EPA revised the national health-based air quality standard for lead in 2008 to 0.15 microgram per cubic meter. At the time,EPA also required that new lead monitors be located near large sources of lead emissions. The agency said it used datafrom the new monitors to confirm and expand the list of designations in the second round.

Compiled by Mark WilliamsThe Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.www.bna.com

Note: All amounts in U.S. dollars.

U.S. Government Must Pay CleanupCosts at RefineriesThe U.S. federal government is liable for cleanupcosts of two refineries that produced aviation fuelfor the military during World War II because ofspecific provisions in the contracts, the U.S. Courtof Federal Claims has held (Exxon Mobil Corp. vs.United States, Fed. Cl., No. 09-265C, 10/31/11).During World War II, the United States requiredlarge quantities of aviation gasoline (“avgas”),prompting the government to order oil refineries tomaximize its production, which resulted in theUnited States contracting with two refineries, one inBaton Rouge, La., and one in Baytown, Texas, forthe production and supply of avgas.

ExxonMobil’s predecessor operated and ownedthe refineries, and the waste and byproducts of therefining process left Exxon with the costs associatedwith cleaning up the environment in areas sur-rounding the Baytown and Baton Rouge refineries.Under the authority of the federal Defense SupplyCorp., the refineries produced avgas for the gov-ernment, adhering to a contract that has a “taxes”clause. The clause says that the government agreesto pay for any new or additional “taxes, fees, orcharges” that the government may require theseller to collect or pay. Exxon brought its lawsuitafter the government refused to pay for the cleanups,stating that cleanup costs were not covered underthe contractual clause.

Exxon argued that the federal government is liablefor the costs because the term “charges” in theclause includes environmental cleanup costs, citingShell Oil Co. vs. United States, in which the exactsame clause was interpreted. The claims court, inan Oct. 31 opinion by Judge Loren A. Smith, con-curred with its previous ruling in Shell, holding thegovernment liable for the cleanup costs under the“taxes” clause.

Agencies to Study Developing Renewable Energy at Contaminated SitesEPA and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) saidthey will analyze the feasibility of developing renewable energy projects at 26 current or formerlycontaminated properties, including Superfund,brownfield, and former landfill or mining sites.

EPA will work with DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory to evaluate the potential devel-opment of wind, solar, biomass, or geothermalprojects at the sites, according to the agency. Someof the sites have already undergone environmentalcleanup, while others are in various stages of assess-ment or cleanup. Analysts will determine the bestrenewable energy technology for the sites, optimallocation for the technology, potential energy-generating capacity, return on investment, and theeconomic feasibility of renewable energy projects.EPA is investing $1 million in the project. em


em • news focus

(S. 1538) was originally introduced by MaineRepublican Susan Collins and calls for a one-yearmoratorium on significant federal rules.

The Republican-controlled House has alreadyvoted in recent months to delay the EPA cementand boiler rules, but efforts to roll back those reg-ulations in the Senate have thus far fallen short. TheHouse in October approved versions of both bills(H.R. 2250 and H.R. 2681), but the Obama administration has issued a veto threat on bothmeasures. The boiler and incinerator rules, collec-tively known as the boiler MACT, were publishedin March. They set maximum achievable controltechnology standards and other standards foremissions of air toxics.

EPA published final regulations to address emissionsfrom cement kilns in September 2010.—By ChristineGrimaldi, Dean Scott, and Jessica Coomes, BNA

White House Reviews Plan to Set GHG Rules for Power PlantsAn EPA proposed rule to set greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions standards for power plants isunder review by the White House Office of Man-agement and Budget (OMB). The office said itreceived the proposed rule November 7.

The new source performance standards wouldapply to new and modified electric generating facilities. The standards would be issued under Section 111 of the U.S. Clean Air Act. EPA agreedto issue the rule as part of a December 2010 courtsettlement with states and environmental groups,but it twice missed the deadline for proposing theperformance standards.

Environmental advocates praised the EPA action tosend the proposal to the White House budget office, generally the last step before the agencypublishes a rule. David Doniger, policy director ofthe Natural Resources Defense Council’s ClimateCenter, said at a panel of the American ConstitutionSociety for Law and Policy November 8 that al-though there has been no comprehensive federallegislation on climate change, OMB’s review of thenew source performance standards showed thatthe Obama administration was taking action tocurb carbon dioxide pollution.

News Focus is compiledfrom the current editionof Environment Reporter,published by the Bureauof National Affairs Inc.(BNA). For more informa-tion, visit www.bna.com.

Note: All amounts in U.S. dollars.

Defeat of Infrastructure Bill SinksREINS Act, Other Deregulation PlansOn November 3, the U.S. Senate voted down apackage of proposals that would require congres-sional approval of all major rules, impose a one-year “time-out” on pending federal regulations,and halt two key U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) air pollution rules.

The regulatory provisions were wrapped into a Republican transportation and infrastructure bill (S. 1786) offered by Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) asthe party’s alternative to a competing Democraticinfrastructure bill (S. 1769). Senate Republicans offered the deregulatory proposals to highlighttheir approach to economic growth—reducing reg-ulatory burdens—as a contrast to the Democrats’bill, which called for adding jobs through new infrastructure spending.

Republicans fell well short on a motion to proceedon their measure, with the motion failing on a voteof 47–53. The Republicans got one Democraticvote from Sen. Joe Manchin (W.Va.). Sen. OlympiaSnowe (R-Maine) was the only Republican to voteagainst the motion. Democrats also fell short of the60-vote margin needed to proceed on their owninfrastructure measure. The vote was 51–49.

The Republican’s Long-Term Surface Transporta-tion Extension Act of 2011 incorporated twoderegulatory measures—the Regulations from theExecutive in Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act and theRegulatory Time-Out Act of 2011. It also includedprovisions to roll back two EPA air pollution rules:one covering boilers and incinerators, the othercovering cement kilns.

House Vote Expected on REINS ActThe REINS Act, introduced in the Senate by Sen.Rand Paul (R-Ky.), would require congressional approval of any new economically significant federalregulations—those with an economic impact ofmore than $100 million per year—before suchrules could go into effect.

The House Judiciary Committee approved a Houseversion of the REINS Act (H.R. 10) on October 25,and House Republican leaders plan a floor vote inthe coming weeks. The regulatory time-out proposal


Supreme Court Declines to Review EPA Retroactive Rulemaking AuthorityThe U.S. Supreme Court November 7 declined toreview whether a federal agency that misses astatutory rulemaking deadline can promulgate aregulation retroactively based on implied, not express, congressional authorization (NationalPetrochemical & Refiners Ass’n vs. EPA, U.S., No.11-102, 11/7/11).

The Supreme Court’s decision leaves intact a December 2010 ruling by the U.S. Court of Appealsfor the District of Columbia Circuit that held theEnergy Independence and Security Act of 2007(Pub. L. No. 110-140) implicitly authorized EPA toestablish mandates for motor fuel producers toblend renewable fuel into their products for all of2010 (National Petrochemical & Refiners Ass’n vs.EPA, D.C. Cir., No. 10-1070, petition denied12/21/10). The National Petrochemical and RefinersAssociation and the American Petroleum Institutewere challenging an EPA final rule to implementthe renewable fuel standard, which took effect July1, 2010, but covered all of 2010 (75 Fed. Regist.14,670).

The D.C. Circuit also ruled that EPA fulfilled its obligation to consider the burdens and benefits of applying the standard for the whole year. The indus-try groups filed a petition for a writ of certiorari July21, asking the Supreme Court to take up the case.

Industry Cites ‘Dangerous Precedent’The Energy Independence and Security Act requiredEPA to issue the final renewable fuel standard ruleby December 2008, but the rulemaking processwas delayed, and the agency missed its deadline.Under the law, industry was required to supply12.95 billion gallons of renewable fuel for the nationin 2010, rising to 36 billion gallons in 2022.

Patrick Kelly, senior policy adviser in the AmericanPetroleum Institute’s downstream fuels issues group,said November 7 the trade association is concernedthat the D.C. Circuit’s ruling could set a precedentto allow other federal agencies to issue retroactiverules.

“We are hopeful and optimistic … that there willvery soon be a proposal of new source standards,”he said. “We hope EPA will continue to push for anexisting sources standard.”

The Sierra Club, NRDC, Environmental DefenseFund, and others sued EPA after it issued revisednew source performance standards for electric utilities in 2006 without GHG emissions controls(New York vs. EPA, D.C. Cir., No. 06-1322,12/23/10).

Agency Misses DeadlinesEPA first missed a July 26 deadline to propose thepower plant standards, and then a second dead-line September 30. Environmental groups hadbeen pushing for EPA to agree to a new deadlineto propose the standards by October 28. Thegroups agreed on October 28 to extend negotia-tions until November 30.

EPA is required to issue the final rule by May 26,2012, under the settlement. As part of a separatesettlement, EPA has agreed to issue performancestandards for petroleum refineries. EPA is requiredto propose the refinery standards by December 15and issue a final rule by November 15, 2012,under that settlement (American Petroleum Institutevs. EPA, D.C. Cir., No. 08-1277, 12/23/10).

Environmental groups are open to giving theagency more time to propose the refinery rule if itcannot meet the December 15 court deadline, anattorney told BNA in late October.

Litigation First Step on ClimateDoniger said litigating under the Clean Air Act wasthe first step in addressing climate change. “Youcan take a big initial bite out of carbon pollutionwith the Clean Air Act,” he said. “You cannot solvethe long-term problem … at least that’s difficult. Butyou can get started.”

Two other approaches—pursuing comprehensive fed-eral climate change legislation or using federal nui-sance laws to litigate cross-border pollution amongstates—have so far been unsuccessful, Doniger said.

“The one that is dominating, the one that is doingthe best, is the Clean Air Act,” he said. —By AveryFellow, BNA

An EPA proposed rule to set GHGemissionsstandards forpower plants is under reviewby the WhiteHouse Office ofManagementand Budget.


“[T]he D.C. Circuit’s decision unnecessarily compli-cates compliance and may set a dangerous prece-dent allowing administrative agencies to issueretroactive rules without express congressional authorization,” Kelly said in a statement. “EPA failedto meet a specific deadline set forth by Congress,

issued a final rule that became effective almost ayear and a half after the statutory deadline, andthen retroactively applied that rule to transactionsthat occurred before the effective date without ex-press authorization from Congress.”—By JessicaCoomes, BNA em

em • news focus

EPA issued its final plan November 3 on how it will study the potentialimpacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water. The final study planwill be organized around the water life cycle for the oil and gas drillingprocess of hydraulic fracturing, as EPA had signaled earlier in its draftplan. EPA said the life cycle consists of water acquisition, chemicalmixing, well injection, flowback, produced water, wastewater treatment,and waste disposal.

The study will rely on a mix of existing data, retrospective case studiesat sites where water contamination has occurred, prospective casestudies at sites where fracturing is planned, computer modeling, somelaboratory studies, and toxicological assessments based primarily onexisting health effects data.

Most of the study will focus on fracturing in shale gas formations, butportions of the research “are also intended to provide information onhydraulic fracturing in coalbed methane and tight sand reservoirs,”the final plan said. EPA said it “has also included a screening analysisof whether hydraulic fracturing activities may be disproportionatelyoccurring in communities with environmental justice concerns.”

Industry Group Hopes to ParticipateHydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” is the high-pressure injection ofwater, sand, and some chemical additives into geological layers tocreate or expand fractures through which hydrocarbons can flow toa well. It especially is used for gas trapped in shale or coal, but it alsois used for such purposes as extraction of oil from low-permeabilitysandstone formations, called “tight sands.”

EPA this summer got a head start on requesting data for the study.The agency said it will release initial research results by the end of2012 and a final report in 2014.

The American Petroleum Institute issued a statement saying it is stillreviewing the final study plan but that the industry association “is con-fident that a full examination will confirm that hydraulic fracturingposes no significant risk to human health, drinking water resources orthe environment.” The association said it looked forward to partici-pating in the study.

Study Responds to Congressional RequestThe EPA study responds to a request from Congress, which was reacting to concerns about water contamination by hydrocarbons orfracturing fluids. Concerns especially have been raised about thechemical additives, typically 0.5–2% of the fracturing fluids. Thechemicals control fluid viscosity, reduce friction, inhibit corrosion, andinhibit bacterial growth. State regulators and industry have said statesand companies are doing an adequate job of preventing pollutionfrom fracturing.

The EPA final study plan on the impacts that hydraulic fracturing mayhave on drinking water is available at http://1.usa.gov/sNyzcx. Addi-tional EPA information on hydraulic fracturing is available online atwww.epa.gov/hydraulicfracturing.—By Alan Kovski, BNA

EPA Study Plan on Hydraulic Fracturing Focuses on Impact on ‘Water Life Cycle'

EPA Final Plan for Study of Risks Posed to Drinking Waterby Hydraulic Fracturing

Key Provisions: The study will rely primarily on existing data andcase studies to examine fracturing in terms of water life cycle.

Potential Impact: The study could reinforce calls for tighter regulation if it concludes risks to drinking water are high.

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em • canadian report

Canadian Report is compiledwith excerpts from EcoLogNews and the EcoCompli-ance.ca newsletter, both pub-lished by EcoLog InformationResources Group, a division ofBIG Information Product LP.For more Canadian environ-mental information, visitwww.ecolog.com.

Note: All amounts in Canadian dollars.

Canada–EU Trade Agreement Could Undermine Canadian Environmental Laws

The proposed Canada–European Union (EU) Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), if passed in its current state, could weaken environmental legislation in Canada, according to a new report by the Canadian EnvironmentalLaw Association (CELA). The Report on the Environmental Impact of the Canadian & European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) found that the agreement, which is currently in its ninth and possibly final round ofnegotiations, “does not effectively protect the environment” as it could compromise the ability of Canada’s governments toenact environmental laws.

This potential threat to Canada’s environmental legislation stems from several proposed CETA provisions, which the reportdescribed as “controversial,” including

• the liberalization of essential public services, such as water;• an investor-state dispute settlement clause; and• a narrow definition of “environmental laws” and narrow exceptions for those laws from stringent liberalization provisions.

To ensure that Canada’s governments maintain their ability to enact environmental legislation, the report made several recom-mendations, including a broad definition for “environmental laws,” an allowance for green government procurement policies,environmental subsidies, and a climate chapter. In addition, the report said CETA should not open essential public services likewater and sewage treatment to market access, and should not contain an investor-state dispute settlement mechanism.

CETA is expected to be finalized in early 2012. The CELA report is available online at www.cela.ca.—By Eric Laganis, EcoLog

Poll: Increase Wind Energy Development in British ColumbiaMost British Columbia residents want the govern-ment to expand wind energy development in theprovince, according to a new poll commissioned bythe Canadian Wind Energy Association (CanWEA).

The poll—conducted on 400 British Columbiansaged 18 and over by Oracle Research on September26 and 27, 2011—found that 55% of respondentssaid that any new energy generation in British Columbia should come with reduced impacts toland, water, and wilderness, create zero net GHGemissions, and be inexpensive.

New Brunswick Making Headway onGHG Reduction TargetThe New Brunswick government is on track toachieve its 2012 greenhouse gas (GHG) reductiongoal, according to a new progress report, NewBrunswick and Climate Change—On Track to 2012:2010–2011 Progress Report, which found that theprovince’s total GHG emissions in 2009 were 18.4megatons, down from 19 megatons in 2008 and22.7 megatons in 2001.

As a result, the government needs to cut GHGemissions by approximately 2.4 megatons to meetits target of reducing GHG emissions to the 1990level of 16 megatons by 2012. The report notedthat, from 2008 to 2009, GHG emissions droppedin all categories. The report is available online atwww.gnb.ca.

New Brunswick Unveils 10-Year Energy PlanThe New Brunswick government has unveiled itsnew energy blueprint, which outlines a 10-year vision and a three-year action plan for the province’senergy sector. The New Brunswick Energy Blueprinthas five key objectives: low and stable energy prices,energy security, reliability of the electrical system, en-vironmental responsibility, and effective regulation.

To achieve these objectives, the blueprint contains alist of 20 action items that the New Brunswick gov-ernment intends to pursue over the next three years.

The New Brunswick Energy Blueprint is availableonline at www.gnb.ca/energy. em


em • 2011 author index

Aertsens, WalterReducing Carbon Intensity of the Supply Chain by

Promoting Public Transport—European TransportSector Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions, December, p. 16

Ajero, MayAir Quality and Climate Change in Asia: Making

Co-Benefits Work, April, p. 26Anderson, William S., III

Fuel Additive Usage at U.S. Ports: An Emissions andFuel Efficiency Case Study, March, p. 20

Aneja, Viney P.Emissions from Intensive Agriculture, July, p. 14

Arnold, JeffryDevelopment of an Ambient Air Quality Index

Linking Multiple Pollutants and Multiple Environmental Media, September, p. 16

Ayala, AlbertoRecap—Highlights from the 21st Coordinating

Research Council Real-World Emissions Workshop, September, p. 24

Bachmann, John D.Introduction—Air Pollution and Climate: Forcing,

the Issue, April, p. 6Baker, Dallas

YP Perspective—Five Things I Know Now That I Wish I Knew Then: A Professional’s Advice toYPs and Students, August, p. 38

Balakrishnan, KalpanaAir Quality in Rural India: The Role of Ultrafine

Particles from Cookstoves, August, p. 14Baldauf, Richard

Recap—The Role of Vegetation in Mitigating Air Qual-ity Impacts from Traffic Emissions, January, p. 30

Barton, Jane C.Introduction—Outdoor Wood Boilers—How

Biomass Can Go Wrong, January, p. 6Bates-Frymel, Laurie

YP Perspective—Looking for a Career in the PublicSector?, November, p. 58

Beevers, SeanUsing Models to Enhance Exposure Characterization

for Air Pollution Health Studies, November, p. 28Black, Kevin

Recap—Highlights from the 21st Coordinating Research Council Real-World Emissions Workshop, September, p. 24

Blinn, LeahYP Perspective—Utility Industry: Providing a Strong

Career Foundation, October, p. 32Bock, Michael J.

Evaluation of EPA’s Empirical Attenuation FactorDatabase, February, p. 16

Bond, Tami C.Sidebar—‘Bounding the Role of Black Carbon

in the Climate System’—A Summary Assessment, April, p. 11

Bornstein, BobConference Preview—Greenhouse Gas Strategies

in a Changing Climate, June, p. 43Boudreau, Ian

EPA Research Highlights—EPA Models Greatly Increase Accuracy of Predicting Total ChemicalExposures, August, p. 40

Boyd, SkilesWave of Environmental Regulations Facing Electricity

Generation: Surely, There Is a Better Approach,October, p. 18

Bruckner, MichaelComparison of in-situ Bioremediation Technologies:

Bioattenuation, Biostimulation, and Bioaugmenta-tion and Their Application to Marine Oil Spills,June, p. 20

Buonicore, Anthony J.Vapor Encroachment Screening Under the Newly-

Revised ASTM E 2600-10 Standard, February, p. 4Burkhard, Ellen G.

Getting There: High-Efficiency and Low-EmissionsWood Heating, January, p. 19

Cagle, LaurenThe Effects of Oil on the Aquatic Ecosystem and

Food Chain as a Whole, June, p. 14Calkins, David L.

Recap—ACE 2011 Panel Highlights: Emerging Inter-national Air Quality and Climate Change Strate-gies, October, p. 35

Cao, J.J.Conference Highlights—Climate and Air Quality:

An East Asia-Pacific Rim Conference, July, p. 25Carmichael, Gregory

Conference Highlights—Climate and Air Quality: An East Asia-Pacific Rim Conference, July, p. 25

Cereceda-Balic, F.The Air Quality in Chile: 20 Years of Challenge,

August, p. 28Chappell, Linda

How Air Pollution Affects Climate: Short-Lived Climate Forcers, April, p. 8

Chen, J.PConference Highlights—Climate and Air Quality:

An East Asia-Pacific Rim Conference, July, p. 25Cheng, Lei

Wastewater Treatment for Wet Flue Gas Desulfuriza-tion Systems in Coal-Fired Power Plants, May, p. 16

Chou, C.-K.Conference Highlights—Climate and Air Quality:

An East Asia-Pacific Rim Conference, July, p. 25Chow, Judith C.


Chu, Shu-YiConference Highlights—Climate and Air Quality:

An East Asia-Pacific Rim Conference, July, p. 25Crocker, Dianne P.

Inside the Industry—Vapor Intrusion Seeps Into Indoor Air Nationwide—and Into the Minds ofRegulators, Attorneys, and the Public: Are YouPrepared?, February, p 30

Inside the Industry—In a Vote of Confidence, Hiringby Environmental Firms Finally Turns a Corner,April, p 32

Inside the Industry—Social Media Expands theSphere of Stakeholders on Brownfields Projects,June, p. 46

Crume, Richard V.Extreme Recycling in Rural Japan: Little Goes to

Waste in This Environmentally Conscious Country,August, p. 8

Crume, Yoko S.Extreme Recycling in Rural Japan: Little Goes to

Waste in This Environmentally Conscious Country,August, p. 8

Davis, ChristineDevelopment of an Ambient Air Quality Index


Dhaniyala, SureshAir Quality in Rural India: The Role of Ultrafine

Particles from Cookstoves, August, p. 14Díaz-Robles, Luis

The Air Quality in Chile: 20 Years of Challenge, August, p. 28

DiCicco, DominicRecap—Highlights from the 21st Coordinating

Research Council Real-World Emissions Work-shop, September, p. 24

Dimmick, W. FredExposure Science: Improving the Basis for Effectively

Setting, Implementing, and Communicating theNational Ambient Air Quality Standards(NAAQS), November, p. 34

Doraiswamy, PrakashIntroduction—Environmental Research from the

International Arena, August, p. 6Dubey, Praney

Air Quality in Rural India: The Role of Ultrafine Particles from Cookstoves, August, p. 14

Dubois, Jean-JacquesDevelopment of an Ambient Air Quality Index


Dunn, Jennifer B.Introduction—Sustainable Supply Chains,

December, p. 6Earley, Anthony

Wave of Environmental Regulations Facing Electricity Generation: Surely, There Is a BetterApproach, October, p. 18

Eklund, Bart M.Proposed Regulatory Framework for Evaluating

the Methane Hazard due to Vapor Intrusion,February, p. 10

Elam, David L., Jr.PM File—Project Success Depends on Communica-

tions Success, January, p. 36PM File—Channeling Project Success, March, p. 32PM File—Untangling Web Meetings, May, p. 32PM File—Fit for Purpose: Planning and Communi-

cating Project Quality Requirements, July, p. 28PM File—Checking the List, September, p. 30PM File—Reaching Consensus, November, p. 54

Evans, David A.Development of an Ambient Air Quality Index


Farrell, Thomas F., IINew EPA Regulations: Harmful or Helpful to U.S.

Electric Utilities in a Time of Transformation?, October, p. 14

Feng, X.Conference Highlights—Climate and Air Quality:

An East Asia-Pacific Rim Conference, July, p. 25Ferster, Aaron

EPA Research Highlights—Hydraulic Fracturing andDrinking Water Resources, May, p. 31

EPA Research Highlights—Providing Scientific Sup-port to the Federal Response to the DeepwaterHorizon Oil Spill, June, p. 44

Fontaine, LouisControlling Outdoor Wood Boilers in Maine:

One Regulator’s Perspective, January, p. 27Fox, Tyler

Exposure Science: Improving the Basis for EffectivelySetting, Implementing, and Communicating theNational Ambient Air Quality Standards(NAAQS), November, p. 34

Freedman, RebeccaBritish Columbia’s Experience with and Plans for

Outdoor Wood Boilers, January, p. 24Galya, Don

An Essential Resource: Water Management, Conservation, and Preservation, May, p. 8

Garcia, ValerieUsing Models to Enhance Exposure Characterization

for Air Pollution Health Studies, November, p. 28Gibb, Steve

How-To—Risk Communication: Issues and Challenges, February, p. 26

Gilbert, Jill BarsonIT Insight—IT Trends and Predictions for 2011,

February, p. 34IT Insight—Too Much Information, Too Little Time,

April, p. 34IT Insight—Latest Generation Smartphones and

Tablets Are Serious Business, June, p. 48IT Insight—Emerging Public Cloud Will Change

How We Use Information, August, p. 34IT Insight—Legacy EH&S Software: (Re)Build or

Buy?, October, p. 30IT Insight—EH&S Software Due Diligence Is Critical

to Success, December, p. 20Gilson, Benoit

Reducing Carbon Intensity of the Supply Chain byPromoting Public Transport—European TransportSector Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions, December, p. 16

Glanders, Geoffrey A.Water Conservation Comes of Age—Computing

Your Water Footprint, May, p. 13Glaze, William

Using EPA’s ‘Contained-In’ Policy for Cost-EffectiveRemediation Waste Management, March, p. 8

Glazebrook, BrianThe New Reality in Supply Chain Management,

December, p. 8Glenn, Janessa

The Howmet Decision and Spent Materials UnderRCRA, March, p. 12

Graze, RobRecap—Highlights from the 21st Coordinating


Greaver, TaraDevelopment of an Ambient Air Quality Index



Grumet, JasonTime to Modernize Aging Power Plants and

Environmental Laws, October, p. 26Guzman- Ro�o, Ritchie Anne

Air Quality and Climate Change in Asia: MakingCo-Benefits Work, April, p. 26

Asian Connections—Governmental Meetings onUrban Air Quality in Asia, May, p. 36

Haslinger, WalterStandards and Performance of Residential Biomass

Boilers in Europe, January, p. 13Hay, Lewis, III

EPA’s Pending Environmental Regulations: Challenges and New Opportunities for the U.S.Electric Generation Fleet, October, p. 22

Hellmich, JedDeepwater Horizon Oil Spill Response and Cleanup,

June, p. 24Hendricks, Alison

YP Perspective—How I became an EnvironmentalScientist, February, p. 33

Herner, Jorn DinhRecap—Highlights from the 21st Coordinating


Herrick, JeffreyDevelopment of an Ambient Air Quality Index


Heylen, PascaleReducing Carbon Intensity of the Supply Chain by

Promoting Public Transport—European TransportSector Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions, December, p. 16

Hidy, George M.Conference Highlights—Climate and Air Quality:

An East Asia-Pacific Rim Conference, July, p. 25Hitchcock, Kristen

Chemical Footprint: Ensuring Product Sustainability,December, p. 12

Hodoval, KellyA Summary of the 41st Annual A&WMA Critical

Review: Environmental Issues and ManagementStrategies for Waste Electronic and ElectricalEquipment, June, p. 38

Hubbell, BryanDevelopment of an Ambient Air Quality Index


Air Pollution and Health: Understanding the Relationships between Air Pollution Levels andHuman Health Outcomes, November, p. 6


Hurley, FintanUnderstanding the Spatio-Temporal Variability in

Air Pollution Concentrations, November, p. 42Isakov, Vlad

Examination of Different Exposure Metrics in an Epidemiological Study, November, p. 22

Jacob, DanielConference Highlights—Climate and Air Quality:

An East Asia-Pacific Rim Conference, July, p. 25Johnson, Greg

Agriculture and Air Quality: A USDA Perspective,July, p. 8

Johnson, Philip R.S.Adverse Health Effects, Exposure Threats, and Regula-

tory Challenges Relating to Outdoor Wood Boilersand Residential Wood Combustion, January, p. 8

Johnson, TraciEstimating Evaporative Losses from Crude Oil Spills,

June, p. 8Jutro, Peter

EPA Research Highlights—EPA’s Homeland SecurityResearch Program, November, p. 49

Keener, Tim C.Wastewater Treatment for Wet Flue Gas Desulfuriza-

tion Systems in Coal-Fired Power Plants, May, p. 16Kellerhals, Markus

British Columbia’s Experience with and Plans forOutdoor Wood Boilers, January, p. 24

Kinsman, John D.Introduction—The U.S. Electric Utility Industry,

October, p. 4Knighton, Ray


Kotamarthi, V. RaoGanges Valley Aerosol Experiment: Aerosols and

Their Climate Impacts, August, p. 20Koupal, John

Recap—Highlights from the 21st Coordinating Research Council Real-World Emissions Workshop, September, p. 24

Kruger, JoeTime to Modernize Aging Power Plants and

Environmental Laws, October, p. 26Krutka, Holly

YP Perspective—Perspectives from a Young Professional Working in Environmental Research,April, p. 36

Kuhn, Thomas R.Meeting the Challenge of Powering Our Future,

October, p. 10Kumar, Ashok

Introduction—Agriculture and Air Quality, July, p. 6Kura, Bhaskar

Introduction—Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill of 2010in the Gulf of Mexico: High on Emotions, theDesire to Survive and Evolve, a Commitment toHelp an Already Ailing Community, and the Opportunity to Learn and Educate, June, p. 6

Laden, FrancineCurrent State of the Evidence: Air Pollution Impacts

on Human Health, November, p. 8Lange, Jeff

The Impact of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill onLouisiana’s Coastal Wetlands, June, p. 28

Lee, Joo-YoupWastewater Treatment for Wet Flue Gas Desulfuriza-

tion Systems in Coal-Fired Power Plants, May, p. 16Lev-On, Miriam

Update—From the Copenhagen Accord to the Cancun Agreements: What a Difference a YearMakes, March, p. 24

Conference Preview—Greenhouse Gas Strategies ina Changing Climate, June, p. 43

Recap—ACE 2011 Panel Highlights: Emerging Inter-national Air Quality and Climate Change Strate-gies, October, p. 35

Lev-On, Perry P.Update—From the Copenhagen Accord to the

Cancun Agreements: What a Difference a YearMakes, March, p. 24

Liao, HongConference Highlights—Climate and Air Quality:

An East Asia-Pacific Rim Conference, July, p. 25Liu, Lingli

Development of an Ambient Air Quality Index Linking Multiple Pollutants and Multiple Environmental Media, September, p. 16

Long, TomRecap—Highlights from the 21st Coordinating


Lynch, JasonDevelopment of an Ambient Air Quality Index


Macedonia, JenniferTime to Modernize Aging Power Plants and

Environmental Laws, October, p. 26MacLean, Richard

Competitive Strategy—You’re Out of Order! ProperStrategy Sequencing Is Essential, January, p. 34

Competitive Strategy—Resource Wars: What’s YourBattle Plan?, March, p. 28

Competitive Strategy—Decisions, Decision, Deci-sions…Be Mindful of These Best Practices andPitfalls When Making Your Next Big Decision,July, p. 30

Competitive Strategy—Things That Can Get YourFired: An Environmental Career Has SomeUnique Challenges, September, p. 32

Competitive Strategy—Size Matters—But BenchmarkRatios Do Not When Rightsizing EnvironmentalDepartments, November, p. 52

Martin, KarenDevelopment of an Ambient Air Quality Index


Mauderly, Joe L.New Directions in Understanding Relationships

between Air Pollution and Health Outcomes, November, p. 14

McCarry, AislinnStandards and Performance of Residential Biomass

Boilers in Europe, January, p. 13McCarthy, Gina

Technology Update—Technology: Clean Air’s Unsung Hero, June, p. 34

Cleaning the Air and Keeping the Lights On: EPARules Will Protect Health Reliably and Affordably,October, p. 6

McDade, Charles E.Introduction—Gulf Coast Oil Spill: Student Perspec-

tives and Graduate Education in EnvironmentalEngineering, June, p. 5

McIver, AnnIntroduction—Water: An Essential Resource, May, p. 7

McPhee, WayneHow-To—A Practical Approach to Sustainable

Decision-Making, May, p. 26Miller, Paul J.

Introduction—Setting Secondary Air Quality Standards, September, p. 4

The Long and Short of It: A National Ozone Standard for Farm and Forest, September, p. 6

Minassian, FredRecap—Highlights from the 21st Coordinating


Mobley, J. DavidIntroduction—Air Pollution and Health: Understanding

the Relationships between Air Pollution Levels andHuman Health Outcomes, November, p. 6

Understanding the Spatio-Temporal Variability in Air Pollution Concentrations, November, p. 42

Morton, SteveThe Howmet Decision and Spent Materials Under

RCRA, March, p. 12Mueller, Dan

Introduction—Waste Management: Emerging Issueswithin a Constant Concern, March, p. 4

Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Quality, May, p. 20Waste 101—Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning—

Far Ranging, but Possibly Not Well Known, May, p. 34

Waste 101—EPA’s National Enforcement Initiatives,2011-2013: Energy Extraction Sector Added tothe List, August, p. 36

Waste 101—Environmental Flows, November, p. 56Muffat, Jeff

Message from the President—Get Ready for a‘Rededication’ to a Member-Centric Associationin 2011!, January, p. 4

Message from the President—Setting (and Achieving)Our Goals for 2011, February, p. 2

Spotlight on A&WMA’s Brazil Section: Special Place,Special People, February, p. 38

Message from the President—ACE Planning Is in FullSwing, March, p. 2

Message from the President—Introducing iMIS,April, p. 4

Message from the President—Proposed BylawsAmendments, May, p. 4

Message from the President—Strategic Initiatives,June, p. 4

Message from the President—Getting the Word Outabout A&WMA’s Workshops, July, p. 4

Message from the President—Orlando ACE a HugeSuccess, August, p. 4

Message from the President—Expanding A&WMA’sInternational Reach, September, p. 2

Message from the President—A&WMA: A Conduitfor Information Exchange Among All Stakehold-ers, October, p. 2

Message from the President—Growing Our Mem-bership Beyond All Borders, November, p. 4

Message from the President—Thank You, andFarewell, December, p. 4


Mulholland, JimExamination of Different Exposure Metrics in an

Epidemiological Study, November, p. 22Musil-Schlaeffer, Birgit

Standards and Performance of Residential BiomassBoilers in Europe, January, p. 13

Natarajan, ManiRecap—Highlights from the 21st Coordinating


Neas, LucasCurrent State of the Evidence: Air Pollution Impacts

on Human Health, November, p. 8Norman, Ramon

Reducing Air Emissions from Digester Projects in theSan Joaquin Valley, July, p. 20

Novak, KristopherDevelopment of an Ambient Air Quality Index


Özkaynak, HalûkExamination of Different Exposure Metrics in an

Epidemiological Study, November, p. 22Panko, Julie

Chemical Footprint: Ensuring Product Sustainability,EM December, p. 12

Peterson, LaurelYP Perspective—YP Perspectives Across the

Association, May, p. 38Plantz, Gina M.

Introduction—Evaluating the Vapor Intrusion Pathway: Incorporating Science and Best Practices into Guidance, February, p. 3

Poirot, RichardWill the Cycle Be Unbroken, or Will We See a

Separate Secondary PM NAAQS Someday?,September, p. 10

Porter, P. StevenIntroduction—Air Pollution and Health: Understand-

ing the Relationships between Air Pollution Levelsand Human Health Outcomes, November, p. 6


Possiel, NormDevelopment of an Ambient Air Quality Index


Powell, JimHow-To—A Practical Approach to Sustainable

Decision-Making, May, p. 26Punte, Sophie

Asian Connections—Highlights from the Better AirQuality Conference: Asia’s Largest Air QualityManagement Event, February, p. 36

Air Quality and Climate Change in Asia: MakingCo-Benefits Work, April, p. 26

Asian Connections—Governmental Meetings onUrban Air Quality in Asia, May, p. 36

Asian Connections—Green Freight Makes Headwayin China, July, p. 32

Asian Connections—Advancing Cleaner Fuels andVehicles in Asia: Spotlight on India, November, p. 50

Ramacciotti, Francis C.Evaluation of EPA’s Empirical Attenuation Factor

Database, February, p. 16Rao, S. Trivikrama

Introduction—Air Pollution and Health: Understand-ing the Relationships between Air Pollution Levelsand Human Health Outcomes, November, p. 6


Rea, AnneDevelopment of an Ambient Air Quality Index


Reff, AdamDevelopment of an Ambient Air Quality Index


Ross, Joseph R., Jr.Fuel Additive Usage at U.S. Ports: An Emissions and

Fuel Efficiency Case Study, March, p. 20Row, Rick

Competitive Strategy—Resource Wars: What’s YourBattle Plan?, March, p. 28

Rudek, JosephEmissions from Intensive Agriculture, July, p. 14

Russell, Nathan A.Getting There: High-Efficiency and Low-Emissions

Wood Heating, January, p. 19Saavedra, Herman

The Air Quality in Chile: 20 Years of Challenge, August, p. 28

Sarnat, JeremyExamination of Different Exposure Metrics in an

Epidemiological Study, November, p. 22Sarnat, Stefanie

Examination of Different Exposure Metrics in an Epidemiological Study, November, p. 22

Sarofim, MarcusU.S. and International Efforts to Address Black

Carbon, Ozone, and Methane, April, p. 20Sasser, Erika

How Air Pollution Affects Climate: Short-Lived Climate Forcers, April, p. 8

U.S. and International Efforts to Address Black Carbon, Ozone, and Methane, April, p. 20

Satheesh, S.K.Ganges Valley Aerosol Experiment: Aerosols and

Their Climate Impacts, August, p. 20Scheffe, Richard

Development of an Ambient Air Quality Index Linking Multiple Pollutants and Multiple Environmental Media, September, p. 16

Schiappacasse, LuisThe Air Quality in Chile: 20 Years of Challenge,

August, p. 28Schnorr, Barry A.


Schuver, Henry J.A General (Evidence-Based) Framework for Assessing

the Vapor Intrusion Pathway, February, p. 22Shaw, David


Sheldon, LindaExposure Science: Improving the Basis for Effectively

Setting, Implementing, and Communicating theNational Ambient Air Quality Standards(NAAQS), November, p. 34

Shindell, DrewSidebar—Integrating Air Quality and Climate—

Power Generation, April, p. 13The UNEP/WMO Assessment of Measures to Limit

Near-Term Climate Change and Improve AirQuality, April, p. 14

Shroads, Andrew D.Title V Permits: Now with Greenhouse Gases,

March, p. 16Smith, J. Travis

Development of an Ambient Air Quality Index Link-ing Multiple Pollutants and Multiple Environmen-tal Media, September, p. 16

Sogabe, Milton NorioSpotlight on A&WMA’s Brazil Section: Special Place,

Special People, February, p. 38Song, Stephen


Sonich-Mullin, CynthiaProviding Scientific Support to the Federal Response

to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, June, p. 44Sprott, Rick

Spotlight on A&WMA’s Brazil Section: Special Place,Special People, February, p. 38

Strogen, BretYP Perspective/Student Edition—E-Waste: When

Recycling Is Far Away from Being a Simple Solution, June, p. 50

Stubbs, Christopher M.Evaluation of EPA’s Empirical Attenuation Factor

Database, February, p. 16Tao, Shu


Tapscott, CraigWater Conservation Comes of Age—Computing

Your Water Footprint, May, p. 13

Tennant, GingerDevelopment of an Ambient Air Quality Index


Terry, SaraU.S. and International Efforts to Address Black

Carbon, Ozone, and Methane, April, p. 20Thomas-Cole, Suzanne


Townsend, Timothy G.A Summary of the 41st Annual A&WMA Critical

Review: Environmental Issues and ManagementStrategies for Waste Electronic and ElectricalEquipment, June, p. 38

Wagner, PaulDevelopment of an Ambient Air Quality Index


Waite, RandyDevelopment of an Ambient Air Quality Index


Waldron, BradYP Perspective—Getting Noticed as a YP,

January, p. 39Walthall, Charles


Wang, YuesiConference Highlights—Climate and Air Quality:

An East Asia-Pacific Rim Conference, July, p. 25Ward, Tony J.

YP Perspective—Life in Academia, July, p. 34Warner, Dave

Reducing Air Emissions from Digester Projects in theSan Joaquin Valley, July, p. 20

Watson, John G.Conference Highlights—Climate and Air Quality:

An East Asia-Pacific Rim Conference, July, p. 25Weaver, David

Life in Environmental Consulting, March, p. 34Weinbauer, James


Wertz, William E.A General (Evidence-Based) Framework for Assess-

ing the Vapor Intrusion Pathway, February, p. 22Wesson, Karen


Wierman, Susan S.G.Introduction—Setting Secondary Air Quality

Standards, September, p. 4Woergetter, Manfred

Standards and Performance of Residential BiomassBoilers In Europe, January, p. 13

Wyzga, Ronald E.New Directions in Understanding Relationships

between Air Pollution and Health Outcomes, November, p. 14

Yang, Y. JefferyWastewater Treatment for Wet Flue Gas

Desulfurization Systems in Coal-Fired PowerPlants, May, p. 16

Zhu, TongConference Highlights—Climate and Air Quality:

An East Asia-Pacific Rim Conference, July, p. 25


em • 2011 subject index

AGRICULTURE AND AIR QUALITYJuly

Introduction—Agriculture and Air Quality, by AshokKumar, p. 6

Agriculture and Air Quality: A USDA Perspective, by Ray Knighton, Greg Johnson, and CharlesWalthall, p. 8

Emissions from Intensive Agriculture, by JosephRudek, p. 14

Reducing Air Emissions from Digester Projects in theSan Joaquin Valley, by Ramon Norman andDave Warner, p. 20

AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTHJanuary

Adverse Health Effects, Exposure Threats, and Regulatory Challenges Relating to OutdoorWood Boilers and Residential Wood Combustion,by Philip R.S. Johnson, p. 8

NovemberIntroduction—Air Pollution and Health: Understanding

the Relationships between Air Pollution Levelsand Human Health Outcomes, by S.Trivikrama Rao, J. David Mobley, BryanHubbell, and P. Steven Porter, p. 6

Current State of the Evidence: Air Pollution Impactson Human Health, by Francine Laden andLucas Neas, p. 8

New Directions in Understanding Relationships between Air Pollution and Health Outcomes, byRonald E. Wyzga and Joe L. Mauderly, p. 14

Examination of Different Exposure Metrics in an Epidemiological Study, by Halûk Özkaynak,Vlad Isakov, Stefanie Sarnat, Jeremy Sarnat,and Jim Mulholland, p. 22

Using Models to Enhance Exposure Characterizationfor Air Pollution Health Studies, by ValerieGarcia and Sean Beevers, p. 28

Exposure Science: Improving the Basis for EffectivelySetting, Implementing, and Communicatingthe National Ambient Air Quality Standards(NAAQS), by Karen Wesson, Bryan Hubbell,Tyler Fox, W. Fred Dimmick, and Linda Sheldon, p. 34

Understanding the Spatio-Temporal Variability in Air Pollution Concentrations, by S. TrivikramaRao, J. David Mobley, P. Steven Porter, andFintan Hurley, p. 42

ASIAN CONNECTIONSFebruary

Highlights from the Better Air Quality Conference:Asia’s Largest Air Quality Management Event,by Sophie Punte and Ritchie Anne Guzman-Ro�o, p. 36

MayGovernmental Meetings on Urban Air Quality in

Asia, by Sophie Punte and Ritchie Anne Guzman-Ro�o, p. 36

JulyGreen Freight Makes Headway in China, by Sophie

Punte, p. 32November

Advancing Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles in Asia: Spotlight on India, by Sophie Punte, p. 50

ASSOCIATION NEWSJanuary

Message from the President—Get Ready for a‘Rededication’ to a Member-Centric Association in 2011!, by Jeff Muffat, p. 4

Environmental Engineers: Attain Recognition As a Board Certified Environmental Engineer(BCEE), p. 40

The Member Minute—Jane C. Barton, p. 48February

Message from the President—Setting (and Achieving)Our Goals for 2011, by Jeff Muffat, p. 2

Spotlight on A&WMA’s Brazil Section: Special Place,Special People, by Rick Sprott, Jeff Muffat,and Milton Norio Sogabe, p. 38

In Memoriam—Garry Wayne Brooks, p. 41Annual Conference Preview—Warm Up with Hot

News about A&WMA’s 104th Annual Conference, p. 42

The Member Minute—Mingming Lu, p. 48

MarchMessage from the President—ACE Planning Is in Full

Swing, by Jeff Muffat, p. 2IPEP Quarterly, p. 31The Member Minute—Dan Mueller, p. 44

AprilMessage from the President—Introducing iMIS,

by Jeff Muffat, p. 42010 Membership Performance Awards, p. 38Best Membership Practices 2010, p. 39Annual Conference Preview—Forget Winter,

Think Florida Fun!, p. 40The Member Minute—John D. Bachmann, p. 48

MayMessage from the President—Proposed Bylaws

Amendments, by Jeff Muffat, p. 4In Memoriam—Jerry Murphy, p. 6Annual Conference Preview—Technical

Extravaganza, p. 40The Member Minute—Ann McIver, p. 48

JuneMessage from the President—Strategic Initiatives,

by Jeff Muffat, p. 4Conference Preview—Greenhouse Gas Strategies in

a Changing Climate, by Miriam Lev-On andBob Bornstein, p. 43

IPEP Quarterly, p. 52The Member Minute—Charles E. McDade, p. 60

JulyMessage from the President—Getting the Word

Out about A&WMA’s Workshops, by JeffMuffat, p. 4

Conference Highlights—Climate and Air Quality: An East Asia-Pacific Rim Conference, by DavidShaw, George M. Hidy, J.J. Cao, GregoryCarmichael, J.P Chen, Judith C. Chow, C.-K.Chou, Shu-Yi Chu, X. Feng, Daniel Jacob,Hong Liao, Shu Tao, Yuesi Wang, John G.Watson, and Tong Zhu, p. 25

Take A&WMA on the Road! Portable A&WMA BoothDisplay for Section & Chapter Use, p. 26

2012 Board of Directors Election Results, p. 362011 Young Professional Best Paper Winners, p. 36The Member Minute—Ashok Kumar, p. 44

AugustMessage from the President—Orlando ACE a Huge

Success, by Jeff Muffat, p. 4In Memoriam—Melvin W. First and William Johnson,

p. 19Winners of the 2011 ECi Student Competition, p. 27The Member Minute—Prakash Doraiswamy, p. 48

SeptemberMessage from the President—Expanding A&WMA’s

International Reach, by Jeff Muffat, p. 2In Memoriam—Herbert C. McKee, p. 35IPEP Quarterly, p. 36Call for Abstracts for the 2012 Annual Conference

& Exhibition in San Antonio, TX, p. 442011 ACE Outstanding Session Chair Awards, p. 46The Member Minute—Susan S.G. Wierman, p. 48

OctoberMessage from the President—A&WMA: A Conduit

for Information Exchange Among All Stakeholders, by Jeff Muffat, p. 2

Recap—ACE 2011 Panel Highlights: Emerging International Air Quality and Climate ChangeStrategies, by David L. Calkins and MiriamLev-On, p. 35

Member in the News—Gale F. Hoffnagle, p. 38Call for Abstracts for the 2012 Annual Conference

& Exhibition in San Antonio, TX, p. 442011 ACE Outstanding Session Chair Awards, p. 46The Member Minute—John D. Kinsman, p. 48

NovemberMessage from the President—Growing Our Member-

ship Beyond All Borders, by Jeff Muffat, p. 4A&WMA Seeks Nominations for Its Master Thesis

and Doctoral Dissertation Awards, p. 55The Member Minute— S.T. Rao, p. 68

DecemberMessage from the President—Thank You, and

Farewell, by Jeff Muffat, p. 4In Memoriam: David Marrack, EM December, p. 19A&WMA Seeks Nominations for Its Master Thesis

and Doctoral Dissertation Awards, p. 25IPEP Quarterly, p. 26

The Member Minute—Jennifer B. Dunn, p. 48

BLACK CARBONApril

Sidebar—‘Bounding the Role of Black Carbon in theClimate System’—A Summary Assessment, byTami C. Bond, p. 11

U.S. and International Efforts to Address Black Carbon, Ozone, and Methane, by Sara Terry, Erika Sasser, and Marcus Sarofim, p. 20

CASE STUDYMarch

Fuel Additive Usage at U.S. Ports: An Emissions andFuel Efficiency Case Study, by Joseph R. Rossand William S. Anderson, p. 20

CLIMATEMarch

Title V Permits: Now with Greenhouse Gases, by Andrew D. Shroads, p. 16

From the Copenhagen Accord to the CancunAgreements: What a Difference a Year Makes,by Miriam Lev-On and Perry P. Lev-On, p. 24

AprilIntroduction—Air Pollution and Climate: Forcing,

the Issue, by John D. Bachmann, p. 6How Air Pollution Affects Climate: Short-Lived

Climate Forcers, by Erika Sasser and LindaChappell, p. 8


Sidebar—Integrating Air Quality and Climate—PowerGeneration, by Drew Shindell, p. 13

The UNEP/WMO Assessment of Measures to LimitNear-Term Climate Change and Improve AirQuality, by Drew Shindell, p. 14

U.S. and International Efforts to Address Black Carbon, Ozone, and Methane, by Sara Terry,Erika Sasser, and Marcus Sarofim, p. 20

Air Quality and Climate Change in Asia: MakingCo-Benefits Work, by Ritchie Anne Guzman-Ro�o, May Ajero, and Sophie Punte, p. 26

AugustGanges Valley Aerosol Experiment: Aerosols and

Their Climate Impacts, by V. Rao Kotamarthiand S.K. Satheesh, p. 20

DecemberReducing Carbon Intensity of the Supply Chain by

Promoting Public Transport—European Trans-port Sector Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emis-sions, by Benoit Gilson, Pascale Heylen, andWalter Aertsens, p. 16

COMPETITIVE STRATEGYJanuary

You’re Out of Order! Proper Strategy Sequencing IsEssential, by Richard MacLean, p. 34

MarchResource Wars: What’s Your Battle Plan?, by Richard

MacLean and Rick Row, p. 28July

Decisions, Decision, Decisions…Be Mindful of TheseBest Practices and Pitfalls When Making YourNext Big Decision, by Richard MacLean, p. 30

SeptemberThings That Can Get Your Fired: An Environmental

Career Has Some Unique Challenges, byRichard MacLean, p. 32

NovemberSize Matters—But Benchmark Ratios Do Not When

Rightsizing Environmental Departments, byRichard MacLean, p. 52

COOKSTOVESJanuary

Adverse Health Effects, Exposure Threats, and Regu-latory Challenges Relating to Outdoor WoodBoilers and Residential Wood Combustion, byPhilip R.S. Johnson, p. 8

AugustAir Quality in Rural India: The Role of Ultrafine Parti-

cles from Cookstoves, by Suresh Dhaniyala,Praney Dubey, and Kalpana Balakrishnan, p. 14


CRITICAL REVIEWJune

A Summary of the 41st Annual A&WMA CriticalReview: Environmental Issues and Manage-ment Strategies for Waste Electronic and Elec-trical Equipment, by Timothy G. Townsendand Kelly Hodoval, p. 38

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCHAugust

Introduction—Environmental Research from the Inter-national Arena, by Prakash Doraiswamy, p. 6

Extreme Recycling in Rural Japan: Little Goes toWaste in This Environmentally ConsciousCountry, by Richard V. Crume and Yoko S.Crume, p. 8

Air Quality in Rural India: The Role of Ultrafine Parti-cles from Cookstoves, by Suresh Dhaniyala,Praney Dubey, and Kalpana Balakrishnan, p. 14

Ganges Valley Aerosol Experiment: Aerosols andTheir Climate Impacts, by V. Rao Kotamarthiand S.K. Satheesh, p. 20

The Air Quality in Chile: 20 Years of Challenge, byLuis Díaz-Robles, Herman Saavedra, LuisSchiappacasse, and F. Cereceda-Balic, p. 28

EPA [U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY]January

Recap—The Role of Vegetation in Mitigating AirQuality Impact from Traffic Emissions, byRichard Baldauf, p. 30

FebruaryEvaluation of EPA’s Empirical Attenuation Factor

Database, by Stephen Song, Francis C. Ra-macciotti, Barry A. Schnorr, Michael J. Bock,and Christopher M. Stubbs, p. 16

MarchUsing EPA’s ‘Contained-In’ Policy for Cost-Effective

Remediation Waste Management, by WilliamGlaze, p. 8

The Howmet Decision and Spent Materials UnderRCRA, by Janessa Glenn and Steve Morton,p. 12

JuneTechnology Update—Technology: Clean Air’s

Unsung Hero, Gina Mccarthy, p. 34September

Introduction—Setting Secondary Air Quality Standards, by Susan S.G. Wierman and Paul J. Miller, p. 4

The Long and Short of It: A National Ozone Stan-dard for Farm and Forest, by Paul J. Miller, p. 6

Will the Cycle Be Unbroken, or Will We See a Separate Secondary PM NAAQS Someday?,by Richard Poirot, p. 10

Development of an Ambient Air Quality Index Link-ing Multiple Pollutants and Multiple Environ-mental Media, by Richard Scheffe, JeffryArnold, Christine Davis, Jean-Jacques Dubois,David A. Evans, Tara Greaver, Jeffrey Herrick,Bryan Hubbell, Lingli Liu, Jason Lynch, KarenMartin, Kristopher Novak, Norm Possiel, AnneRea, Adam Reff, J. Travis Smith, Ginger Ten-nant, Paul Wagner, and Randy Waite, p. 16

OctoberCleaning the Air and Keeping the Lights On: EPA

Rules Will Protect Health Reliably and Afford-ably, by Gina McCarthy, p. 6

Meeting the Challenge of Powering Our Future, byThomas R. Kuhn, p. 10

New EPA Regulations: Harmful or Helpful to U.S.Electric Utilities in a Time of Transformation?,by Thomas F. Farrell, II, p. 14

Wave of Environmental Regulations Facing ElectricityGeneration: Surely, There Is a Better Approach,by Anthony Earley and Skiles Boyd, p. 18

EPA’s Pending Environmental Regulations: Challengesand New Opportunities for the U.S. ElectricGeneration Fleet, by Lewis Hay, III, p. 22

Time to Modernize Aging Power Plants and Envi-ronmental Laws, by Jason Grumet, JoeKruger, and Jennifer Macedonia, p. 26

NovemberExposure Science: Improving the Basis for Effectively

Setting, Implementing, and Communicatingthe National Ambient Air Quality Standards(NAAQS), by Karen Wesson, Bryan Hubbell,Tyler Fox, W. Fred Dimmick, and Linda Shel-don, p. 34

EPA RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSJune

Providing Scientific Support to the Federal Responseto the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, by CynthiaSonich-Mullin and Aaron Ferster, p. 44

MayHydraulic Fracturing and Drinking Water Resources,

by Aaron Ferster, p. 31August

EPA Models Greatly Increase Accuracy of PredictingTotal Chemical Exposures, by Ian Boudreau, p. 40

NovemberEPA’s Homeland Security Research Program,

by Peter Jutro, p. 49

EUROPEJanuary

Standards and Performance of Residential BiomassBoilers in Europe, by Birgit Musil-Schlaeffer,Walter Haslinger, Manfred Woergetter andAislinn McCarry, p. 13

E-WASTEJune

A Summary of the 41st Annual A&WMA Critical Review: Environmental Issues and ManagementStrategies for Waste Electronic and ElectricalEquipment, by Timothy G. Townsend andKelly Hodoval, p. 38

FRACTURINGMay

Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Quality, by DanMueller, p. 20

FUEL AND TRANSPORTATIONJanuary

Recap—The Role of Vegetation in Mitigating AirQuality Impact from Traffic Emissions, byRichard Baldauf, p. 30

MarchFuel Additive Usage at U.S. Ports: An Emissions and

Fuel Efficiency Case Study, by Joseph R. Rossand William S. Anderson, p. 20

SeptemberRecap—Highlights from the 21st Coordinating

Research Council Real-World Emissions Work-shop, by Mani Natarajan, Dominic DiCicco,Kevin Black, Fred Minassian, Jorn DinhHerner, Alberto Ayala, Rob Graze, JohnKoupal, and Tom Long, p. 24

DecemberReducing Carbon Intensity of the Supply Chain by


GULF COAST OIL SPILLJune

Introduction—Gulf Coast Oil Spill: Student Perspectivesand Graduate Education in Environmental Engineering, by Charles E. McDade, p. 5

Introduction—Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill of 2010in the Gulf of Mexico: High on Emotions, theDesire to Survive and Evolve, a Commitmentto Help an Already Ailing Community, andthe Opportunity to Learn and Educate, byBhaskar Kura, p. 6

Estimating Evaporative Losses from Crude Oil Spills,by Traci Johnson, p. 8

The Effects of Oil on the Aquatic Ecosystem and FoodChain as a Whole, by Lauren Cagle, p. 14

Comparison of in-situ Bioremediation Technologies:Bioattenuation, Biostimulation, and Bioaug-mentation and Their Application to Marine OilSpills, by Michael Bruckner, p. 20

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Response and Cleanup,by Jed Hellmich, p. 24

The Impact of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill onLouisiana’s Coastal Wetlands, by Jeff Lange, p. 28

HOW-TOFebruary

Risk Communication: Issues and Challenges, by Steve Gibb, p. 26

MayA Practical Approach to Sustainable Decision-Making,

by Wayne McPhee and Jim Powell, p. 26

INSIDE THE INDUSTRYFebruary

Vapor Intrusion Seeps Into Indoor Air Nationwide…and Into the Minds of Regulators, Attorneys,and the Public, by Dianne P. Crocker, p. 30

AprilIn a Vote of Confidence, Hiring by Environmental

Firms Finally Turns a Corner, by Dianne P.Crocker, p. 32

JuneSocial Media Expands the Sphere of Stakeholders

on Brownfields Projects, by Dianne P. Crocker,p. 46

IT INSIGHTFebruary

IT Trends and Predictions for 2011, by Jill BarsonGilbert, p. 34

AprilToo Much Information, Too Little Time, by Jill Barson

Gilbert, p. 34June

Latest Generation Smartphones and Tablets Are Serious Business, by Jill Barson Gilbert, p. 48

AugustEmerging Public Cloud Will Change How We Use

Information, by Jill Barson Gilbert, p. 34October

Legacy EH&S Software: (Re)Build or Buy?, by JillBarson Gilbert, p. 30

DecemberEH&S Software Due Diligence Is Critical to Success,

by Jill Barson Gilbert, p. 20

METHANEFebruary

Proposed Regulatory Framework for Evaluating theMethane Hazard due to Vapor Intrusion, byBart M. Eklund, p. 10

AprilU.S. and International Efforts to Address Black

Carbon, Ozone, and Methane, by Sara Terry,Erika Sasser, and Marcus Sarofim, p. 20

OUTDOOR WOOD BOILERSJanuary

Introduction—Outdoor Wood Boilers—How BiomassCan Go Wrong, by Jane C. Barton, p. 6

Adverse Health Effects, Exposure Threats, and Regu-latory Challenges Relating to Outdoor WoodBoilers and Residential Wood Combustion, by Philip R.S. Johnson, p. 8

Standards and Performance of Residential BiomassBoilers in Europe, by Birgit Musil-Schlaeffer,Walter Haslinger, Manfred Woergetter, andAislinn McCarry, p. 13

Getting There: High-Efficiency and Low-EmissionsWood Heating, by Nathan A. Russell andEllen G. Burkhard, p. 19

British Columbia’s Experience with and Plans forOutdoor Wood Boilers, by Rebecca Freedmanand Markus Kellerhals, p. 24

Controlling Outdoor Wood Boilers in Maine: OneRegulator’s Perspective, by Louis Fontaine, p. 27

OZONEApril



SeptemberThe Long and Short of It: A National Ozone Standard

for Farm and Forest, by Paul J. Miller, p. 6

PM FILEJanuary

Project Success Depends on Communications Success, by David L. Elam, Jr., p. 36

MarchChanneling Project Success, by David L. Elam, Jr., p. 32

MayUntangling Web Meetings, by David L. Elam, Jr., p. 32

JulyFit for Purpose: Planning and Communicating

Project Quality Requirements, by David L.Elam, Jr., p. 28

SeptemberChecking the List, by David L. Elam, Jr., p. 30

NovemberReaching Consensus, by David L. Elam, Jr., p. 54

RECAPJanuary

The Role of Vegetation in Mitigating Air Quality Impact from Traffic Emissions, by Richard Baldauf, p. 30

SeptemberHighlights from the 21st Coordinating Research

Council Real-World Emissions Workshop, byMani Natarajan, Dominic DiCicco, KevinBlack, Fred Minassian, Jorn Dinh Herner, Alberto Ayala, Rob Graze, John Koupal, andTom Long, p. 24

RECYCLINGAugust

Extreme Recycling in Rural Japan: Little Goes toWaste in This Environmentally ConsciousCountry, by Richard V. Crume and Yoko S.Crume, p. 8

RISK COMMUNICATIONFebruary

How-To—Risk Communication: Issues and Challenges, by Steve Gibb, p. 26

STANDARDSJanuary

Standards and Performance of Residential BiomassBoilers in Europe, by Birgit Musil-Schlaeffer,Walter Haslinger, Manfred Woergetter, andAislinn McCarry, p. 13

FebruaryVapor Encroachment Screening Under the

Newly-Revised ASTM E 2600-10 Standard,by Anthony J. Buonicore, p. 4

MarchThe Howmet Decision and Spent Materials Under

RCRA, by Janessa Glenn and Steve Morton,p. 12

SeptemberIntroduction—Setting Secondary Air Quality

Standards, by Susan S.G. Wierman and Paul J. Miller, p. 4

The Long and Short of It: A National Ozone Standard for Farm and Forest, by Paul J.Miller, p. 6

Will the Cycle Be Unbroken, or Will We See a Separate Secondary PM NAAQS Someday?,by Richard Poirot, p. 10

Development of an Ambient Air Quality Index Link-ing Multiple Pollutants and Multiple Environ-mental Media, by Richard Scheffe, JeffryArnold, Christine Davis, Jean-Jacques Dubois,David A. Evans, Tara Greaver, Jeffrey Herrick,Bryan Hubbell, Lingli Liu, Jason Lynch, KarenMartin, Kristopher Novak, Norm Possiel, AnneRea, Adam Reff, J. Travis Smith, Ginger Ten-nant, Paul Wagner, and Randy Waite, p. 16

SHORT-LIVED CLIMATE FORCERSApril

Introduction—Air Pollution and Climate: Forcing, theIssue, by John D. Bachmann, p. 6

How Air Pollution Affects Climate: Short-Lived Climate Forcers, by Erika Sasser and LindaChappell, p. 8


Sidebar—Integrating Air Quality and Climate—PowerGeneration, by Drew Shindell, p. 13

The UNEP/WMO Assessment of Measures to LimitNear-Term Climate Change and Improve AirQuality, by Drew Shindell, p. 14


SUSTAINABILITYMay

Water Conservation Comes of Age—ComputingYour Water Footprint, by Craig Tapscott andGeoffery A. Glanders, p. 13

How-To—A Practical Approach to Sustainable Decision-Making, by Wayne McPhee and Jim Powell, p. 26

DecemberIntroduction—Sustainable Supply Chains, by Jennifer

B. Dunn, p. 6The New Reality in Supply Chain Management, by

Brian Glazebrook, p. 8Chemical Footprint: Ensuring Product Sustainability,

by Julie Panko and Kristen Hitchcock, p. 12Reducing Carbon Intensity of the Supply Chain by


TECHNOLOGY UPDATEJune

Technology: Clean Air’s Unsung Hero, Gina Mccarthy, p. 34

TITLE VMarch

Title V Permits: Now with Greenhouse Gases, by Andrew D. Shroads, p. 16

UPDATEMarch

From the Copenhagen Accord to the CancunAgreements: What a Difference a Year Makes,by Miriam Lev-On and Perry P. Lev-On, p. 24

U.S. ELECTRIC UTILITY INDUSTRYOctober

Introduction—The U.S. Electric Utility Industry, by John D. Kinsman, p. 4

Cleaning the Air and Keeping the Lights On: EPARules Will Protect Health Reliably and Affordably, by Gina McCarthy, p. 6

Meeting the Challenge of Powering Our Future, by Thomas R. Kuhn, p. 10

New EPA Regulations: Harmful or Helpful to U.S.Electric Utilities in a Time of Transformation?,by Thomas F. Farrell, II, p. 14

Wave of Environmental Regulations Facing ElectricityGeneration: Surely, There Is a Better Approach,by Anthony Earley and Skiles Boyd, p. 18

EPA’s Pending Environmental Regulations: Challengesand New Opportunities for the U.S. ElectricGeneration Fleet, by Lewis Hay, III, p. 22

Time to Modernize Aging Power Plants and Environmental Laws, by Jason Grumet, Joe Kruger, and Jennifer Macedonia, p. 26

VAPOR INTRUSIONFebruary

Introduction—Evaluating the Vapor Intrusion Pathway:Incorporating Science and Best Practices intoGuidance, by Gina M. Plantz, p. 3

Vapor Encroachment Screening Under the Newly-Revised ASTM E 2600-10 Standard, by Anthony J. Buonicore, p. 4

Proposed Regulatory Framework for Evaluating theMethane Hazard due to Vapor Intrusion, byBart M. Eklund, p. 10

Evaluation of EPA’s Empirical Attenuation FactorDatabase, by Stephen Song, Francis C. Ramacciotti, Barry A. Schnorr, Michael J. Bock, and Christopher M. Stubbs, p. 16

A General (Evidence-Based) Framework for Assess-ing the Vapor Intrusion Pathway, by Henry J.Schuver and William E. Wertz, p. 22

WASTE 101May

Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning—Far Ranging,but Possibly Not Well Known, by DanMueller, p. 34

AugustEPA’s National Enforcement Initiatives, 2011-2013:

Energy Extraction Sector Added to the List, by Dan Mueller, p. 36

NovemberEnvironmental Flows, by Dan Mueller, p. 56

WASTE MANAGEMENTMarch

Introduction—Waste Management: Emerging IssuesWithin a Constant Concern, by Dan Mueller,p. 4

Using EPA’s ‘Contained-In’ Policy for Cost-EffectiveRemediation Waste Management, by WilliamGlaze, p. 8

The Howmet Decision and Spent Materials UnderRCRA, by Janessa Glenn and Steve Morton,p. 12

WASTEWATERMay

Wastewater Treatment for Wet Flue Gas Desulfuriza-tion Systems in Coal-Fired Power Plants, byLei Cheng, Joo-Youp Lee, Tim Keener, and Y. Jeffery Yang, p. 16

WATERMay

Introduction—Water: An Essential Resource, by Ann McIver, p. 7

An Essential Resource: Water Management, Conser-vation, and Preservation, by Suzanne Thomas-Cole, James Weinbauer, and Don Galya, p. 8

Water Conservation Comes of Age—ComputingYour Water Footprint, by Craig Tapscott andGeoffery A. Glanders, p. 13

Wastewater Treatment for Wet Flue Gas Desulfuriza-tion Systems in Coal-Fired Power Plants, byLei Cheng, Joo-Youp Lee, Tim Keener, and Y. Jeffery Yang, p. 16

Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Quality, by DanMueller, p. 20

YP PERSPECTIVEJanuary

Getting Noticed as a YP, by Brad Waldron, p. 39February

How I became an Environmental Scientist, by AlisonHendricks, p. 33

MarchLife in Environmental Consulting, by David Weaver,

p. 34April

Perspectives from a Young Professional Working inEnvironmental Research, by Holly Krutka, p. 36

MayYP Perspectives Across the Association, by Laurel

Peterson, p. 38July

Life in Academia, by Tony J. Ward, p. 34August

Five Things I Know Now That I Wish I Knew Then:A Professional’s Advice to YPs and Students,by Dallas Baker, p. 38

OctoberUtility Industry: Providing a Strong Career

Foundation, by Leah Blinn, p. 32November

Looking for a Career in the Public Sector?, by Laurie Bates-Frymel, p. 58

DecemberBook Recommendations, p. 22

YP PERSPECTIVE/STUDENT EDITIONJune

E-Waste: When Recycling Is Far Away from Being a Simple Solution, by Bret Strogen, p. 50

REACH OVER

8,000ENVIRONMENTALPROFESSIONALSEACH MONTH!

EM readers are industry leaders with buying power. Contact Alison Lizzi at

[email protected], or 412-904-6003, to find out how advertising

in EM can get your company the exposure it needs in 2012.


Call for Abstracts

Vapor IntrusionOctober 3-4, 2012Grand Hyatt, Denver, CO Abstract Deadline: April 2

This specialty conference will bring together internationally-recog-nized scientists, engineers, regulators, communications experts, andattorneys with first-hand experience in the evaluation and remedi-ation of vapor intrusion (VI). Abstracts of 300 words or less arebeing sought, which demonstrate innovative, scientific approachesfor investigation and remediation of the VI pathway. Abstracts mustbe submitted by April 2, 2012 to [email protected]. Formore information, visit www.awma.org/vapor.

Aerosol and Atmospheric Optics: Visibility and Air PollutionSeptember 24–29, 2012Grouse Mountain Lodge, Whitefish, MTAbstract Deadline: May 25

This international conference will provide a technical forum onadvances in the scientific understanding of the effects of aerosolon urban-, regional-, continental-, and global-scale haze and radiation balance. The conference will specifically address emis-sion sources, atmospheric conditions, and aerosol characteristicsassociated with haze and aerosol urban visibility; regional haze;climate forcing; innovative aerosol, haze, and radiation balancemonitoring assessments and modeling methods; and urban andregional haze and aerosol climate forcing policy, regulatory, andeconomic issues related to implementation of U.S. Environ-mental Protection Agency (EPA) standards and rules, includingthe adopted emissions controls in state and EPA permits, rules,and implementation plans for the regional haze rule and theexpected impact of the anticipated PM visibility and SO2/NOxsecondary standards.

Recent work has suggested a much greater importance forblack carbon particles in radiative forcing and so sessions onblack carbon are planned. Sessions related to the synergisticand increasing concerns of the effects of atmospheric nitrogenand carbonaceous material on haze, climate change, and nitro-gen deposition on ecosystems are also planned. Two or moreprofessional development courses, designed to provide both atechnical foundation and a timely refresher, will be offered onsite prior to the conference. There is also a photo contestplanned, as well as a mid-conference field trip to the GlacierNational Park Class I area.

Abstract Submittal:Abstracts of 300–400 words must be submitted by May 25,2012 to [email protected]. The abstract must includethe names and affiliation of each author and indicate the presenting author. Abstracts may be submitted in Word, Word-Perfect, or .pdf format. In addition to the abstract, please indicatein the submittal e-mail: (1) name, phone number, and e-mail ofcorresponding author; (2) topic area you are submitting to aslisted in the bullets below; (3) presentation preference (poster orplatform); and (4) state if the abstract solicited by a member ofthe conference committee, and if so, by who.

If submitting more than one abstract, please indicate which isyour highest preference for platform presentation, as the antic-ipated number of submissions will limit the total number of platform presentations possible.

Presentations are invited on the following topics:• Observational Studies

• Aerosol and Visibility Field Studies and Monitoring Networks• Aerosol, Optical and Radiometric Monitoring Methods• Satellite and Other Remote Sensing Applications to

Haze/Aerosol Monitoring• New and Current Field Monitoring Techniques for

Measuring Black Carbon and Aerosol Organic Material

• Characterizing Visual Air Quality• Aerosol – Optical Relationships• Human Perception of Visibility, Including Night Sky Visibility• Urban Haze Visibility - Field Measurement and Perception

Studies Relevant to the Potential Secondary PM NAAQS• Source Attribution of Aerosol and Haze• Assessment of Haze from Natural Sources• Aerosol and Visibility Modeling at Global, Regional,

and Local Scales

• Emissions and Ambient Effects• Atmospheric Nitrogen – A Bridge between Visibility,

Ecological, and Agricultural Issues• Biomass Burning, Carbonaceous Aerosol, and Short Lived

Climate Forcers Effects on Haze and Climate• Black Carbon Emissions in Developed and Developing

Countries• Direct and Indirect Effects of Aerosol on Climate Forcing

• Policy, Regulatory, and Economic Issues Associated with:• Regional Haze Rule 2013 Check-in and 2018 Planning

Milestones to Achieve the U.S. National Visibility Goal• Implementation of the Potential U.S. EPA Secondary PM

National Ambient Air Quality Standard to protect Non-Class I Area Visibility

• Effects of Changes in Energy Supply Sources on Visibility and Aerosol Climate Forcing

• Critical Loads and Atmospheric Deposition Techniques inDeveloping and Implementing Deposition-Based Air Quality Standards

Authors will be notified of paper acceptance by July 6, 2012.Draft electronic manuscripts (up to 10 pages, including all tables,figures, and other graphics) or extended abstracts (3-5 pages,including all tables, figures, and other graphics), in either Microsoft Word or Corel WordPerfect format, are due by August 3, 2012, and final papers by September 5, 2012, to beincorporated into the online proceedings. Receipt of the finalmanuscript or extended abstract is a mandatory prerequisite foreither platform or poster presentation at the conference. Authors must follow the A&WMA Style Guide to guarantee thatpapers can be reproduced accurately in the conference proceedings.

It is anticipated that selected, peer-reviewed full manuscriptssubmitted within one month after the conference will be pub-lished in a future issue of the Journal of the Air & Waste Man-agement Association. However, as described in the Journal'sManuscript Preparation Guidelines (http://secure.awma.org/journal/edpolicy.htm), submission of a manuscript implies thatthe work has not been published previously; that it is not underconsideration for publication elsewhere; that all co-authors andinstitutes where the work was conducted approve of publica-tion; and that all authors reassign copyright to the A&WMAprior to publication.

Exhibit Space:Exhibit space will be available in the break area and near theposter session area. Interested parties should contact:

A&WMA Sales+1-412-232-3444, [email protected]

About the Venue:The conference will be held at the Grouse Mountain Lodge(www.grousemountainlodge.com) in Whitefish, MT. The areahas spectacular scenery and is within minutes of the Class I visibility protected area of Glacier National Park. Opportunitiesfor outdoor activities are abundant, including hiking, mountainbiking, Glacier National Park lake cruises, fishing, and rockclimbing.

More information:Visit www.awma.org/visibility for details. em

em • professional development programs

2012JANUARY22–26 The Applications of Air Pollution

Meteorology, New Orleans, LA

25 Webinar—Hot Topics In The Environmental Field

APRIL23–26 Symposium on Air Quality Measurement

Methods and Technology, Durham, NC

JUNE19–22 A&WMA’s 105th Annual

Conference & Exhibition, San Antonio, TX

AUGUST20–23 Mega Symposium, Baltimore, MD

SEPTEMBER24–29 Aerosol and Atmospheric Optics:

Visibility and Air Pollution, GrouseMountain Lodge, Whitefish, MT

OCTOBER3–4 Vapor Intrusion 2012, Denver, CO

22–24 Thermal Treatment Technologies/Hazardous Waste Combustors, New Orleans, LA


Events sponsored and cosponsored by the Air &Waste Management Association (A&WMA) arehighlighted in bold. For moreinformation, call A&WMAMember Services at 1-800-270-3444 or visit theA&WMA Events Web site:www.awma.org/events.

To add your events to this calendar, send to: Calendar Listings, Air & Waste Manage-ment Association, One GatewayCenter, 3rd Floor, 420 FortDuquesne Blvd., Pittsburgh, PA15222-1435. Calendar listingsare published on a space-available basis and should be received by A&WMA’s editorialoffices at least three months inadvance of publication.

em • calendar of events

Listed here are the articles appearing in theDecember 2011 issue of the Journal. For orderinginformation, go to www.awma.org/journal or call1-412-232-3444.

DECEMBER 2011 • VOLUME 61

JOURNAL

Planning, Designing, Operating, and Regulating a Geologic Sequestration Repository as an UndergroundLandfill—A Review

Future Impacts of Distributed Power Generation onAmbient Ozone and Particulate Matter Concentrationsin the San Joaquin Valley of California

Fine Particle Removal Performance of a Two-Stage Wet Electrostatic Precipitator Using a Nonmetallic Pre-Charger

Comparison of Emission of Dioxins and Furans fromGasohol- and Ethanol-Powered Vehicles

A Screening Tool for Selection of Field Odor Assessors

Annual Variations of Odor Concentrations and Emissions from Swine Gestation, Farrowing, and Nursery Buildings

Determination of Setback Distances for Livestock Operations Using a New Livestock Odor DispersionModel (LODM)

Concentrations and Diversity of Microbes from FourLocal Bioaerosol Emission Sources in Finland

Obtaining Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Concen-tration Ratios and Molecular Markers for ResidentialWood Combustion: Temuco, A Case Study

Middle-Thermophilic Sulfur-Oxidizing BacteriaThiomonas sp. RAN5 Strain for Hydrogen Sulfide Removal

Influence of Particle Location on the Number ofCharges per Charged Nanoparticle at the Outlet of a Needle Charger

Source Attribution for Mercury Deposition in the Contiguous United States: Regional Difference andSeasonal Variation

Driver Exposure to Particulate Matter in Bangkok

Absorption of NO and NO2 in Caprolactam TetrabutylAmmonium Halide Ionic Liquids

Multi-Year Field Olfactometry Study Near a Concen-trated Animal Feeding Operation

A Generalized Fuzzy Linear Programming Approachfor Environmental Management Problem under Uncertainty

Copyright 2011 Air & Waste Management AssociationCopyright 2011 Air & Waste Management Association

Area’s of Interest Coming to EM in 2012EM, the premier magazine of A&WMA, explores a range of issues affecting the environmental industry

with timely, provocative articles and regular columns written by leaders in the field. EM keeps readers

abreast of important developments throughout the year with coverage of regulatory changes;

EPA research; new technologies; market analyses; environment, health, and safety issues;

new products; professional development opportunities; and more.

January: Sustainability has emerged as a result of significant concerns about the unintended social, environmental,and economic consequences of rapid population growth, economic growth, and consumption of our natural resources. The January issue will place particular focus on areas of sustainability, such as industrialecology, greenhouse gas estimates and management, waste reuse, and life cycle analysis.

February: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) requires 27 states to significantly improve air quality by reducing power plant emissions that contribute toozone and/or fine particle pollution in other states and replaces EPA’s 2005 Clean Air Interstate Rule(CAIR). CSAPR also lays out a process for determining if interstate pollution transport contributes toexceedances of new air quality standards and whether new emission reductions should be requiredfrom upwind states.

Waste and Water Issues Associated withShale Oil & Gas Exploration and Production, Part 1in Two-Part SeriesThe recent advancements in oil and gas exploration processes andtechnology has resulted in the ability to access significant amounts ofoil and gas reserves in tight shale formations. However, accessing theseenergy reserves is not without environmental concerns, including issuesassociated with increased drilling in urban settings and hydraulic fracturingactivities. The March issue is part one of a two-part series looking at environmental issues associated with shale oil and gas exploration andproduction. This issue will place particular focus on waste and waterconcerns. Part 2, to appear in June, will delve into air quality concernsand both issues compliment technical sessions that will be a part of the2012 A&WMA Annual Conference & Exhibition to be held in San Antonio, TX, June 19–22, 2012.

Utility and Boiler MACTThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is scheduled to finalizea rule on Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standardsfor electric utility hazardous air pollutant emissions in November 2011.After setting final MACT rules for industrial boilers in February 2011,in May, EPA published a notice delaying the effective date of the majorsource rule, pending the completion of reconsideration or judicial review.The April issue will take a look at where we stand with regard to thesenew MACT standards.

Air Quality Monitoring Practices and ProceduresThe May issue will focus on air quality monitoring practices and proce-dures from both research and regulatory perspectives, and will covertopics such as adequacy of current monitoring network for properlycharacterizing the magnitude and spatial extent of air pollution, moni-toring pollutants that pose the highest health risk, and new methodsfor 3-D characterization of air quality.

Annual Conference Issue: Air Issues Associated with Shale Oil & Gas Exploration and Production, Part 2 in Two-Part SeriesThe June issue is part one of a two-part series looking at environmentalissues associated with shale oil and gas exploration and production, witha particular focus on air issues. This two-part series complements techni-cal sessions that will be a part of the 2012 A&WMA Annual Conference& Exhibition to be held in San Antonio, TX, June 19–22, 2012.

July:

Regional air quality modeling systems are being used for a variety of applications, ranging from forecasting to air quality management, in both North American and Europe. The July issue will provide an overview of air quality modeling practices on both continents, building upon work being performed under the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII).

August:

The August issue will consider the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) proposed changesto the secondary NAAQS for NO2 and SO2. While EPA generally reviews criteria and standards foreach of the six criteria pollutants individually, for this review of the secondary standards for NO2 andSO2, EPA has decided to examine the compounds together, since they are inextricably linked fromboth an atmospheric chemistry and environmental effects perspective.

December: In the shadow of the 2012 U.S. elections and any changes in governmentthey may bring, the December issue will invite experts from the envi-ronmental arena to offer their predictions of what readers can expectin terms of environmental legislation, regulation, and associated industrytrends in the coming year.

Note: Topics are subject to change.

Environmental Post-Graduate EducationFall is just around the corner and as students head back to school for the beginning of anew academic year, the September issue will focus on the current state of environmentalpost-graduate education in the United States: what courses are available and where,where students can find the best information, what future employers are looking for ingraduates, and more.

Have Air Regulations Improved the Environment?Since the passing of the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955—the first federal U.S. legisla-tion involving air pollution— there have been almost 60 years worth of air pollution regulations. The October issue will examine the results and prospects for “accountability”or “outcomes” research that attempts to measure the actual benefits achieved by imple-menting air pollution regulations.

Renewable EnergyRenewable energy is becoming an ever more important source of energy needed tomeet an ever increasing worldwide energy demand. Renewable energy is derived from anumber of sources, including gravity (hydroelectric), solar, wind, rain, tides, and geothermalheat. Technological advances are making energy sources that were once not economicallyfeasible to be viable options, as well as opening doors on new energy sources like biomassand biofuels. The November issue will look at renewable energy and the relevancy ofthis source of energy as a significant source of future energy needs.

Interested authors and advertisers should contact [email protected] for more details.


em: What inspired you to become an environmental professional?Dunn: My parents took me on vacation to manynational parks and told me often of the importance ofconservation. As I studied to be a chemical engineer,I explored ways I could use my technical bent towork on environmental challenges. During graduateschool and the years immediately after, I chose tofocus on air quality and quantitative assessments ofsustainability, such as life cycle assessment.

What environmental leader do you admiremost, and why?Rachel Carson for her pioneering and inspiringwork, and Greg Keoleian of the University of Michi-gan’s School of Natural Resources and Environmentfor his contributions to the field of life cycle assess-ment and his motivation of so many students.

What advice would you give to studentsand/or young professionals just starting outin the field?Gather diverse experiences to help you discern yourtrue interests. Network and engage with people whocan be mentors. Volunteer with organizations thatyou are interested in and will help expand yourskills—both technical and “soft.” I recommendA&WMA and Engineers Without Borders.

What does A&WMA membership mean to you?The ability to stay up-to-date with regulations andtechnical developments; opportunities to meetpeople from which I learn about other areas ofpractice and gain new perspectives; and the chanceto be a member of committees such as EM’s Editorial Advisory Committee. I enjoy writing for

EM and coordinating issues. The latter has led meto be in contact with many interesting people!

Are you currently working on any interestingprojects?I am currently working on the life cycle analysis ofbiofuels and lithium ion batteries to answer thequestion of how to use these technologies with min-imal environmental impact.

What are your proudest accomplishments asan environmental professional?Contributing to Argonne National Laboratory’sGreenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model. Thenew release has data that I and several undergrad-uate interns developed for biofuel feedstocks.

What’s the single biggest environmentalproblem facing the world today?A lack of understanding of the life cycle impacts ofthe materials and systems that we use every day isa great environmental problem that encompassesall media (air, water, land). I am a strong believer inunderstanding the full range of environmental impacts of a product/process (not just the carbonfootprint, but the water footprint, nonrenewable resource depletion, use of toxic or rare materials,and so on) to the extent possible before makingdecisions about product or system design.

How do you like to let off steam (i.e., sports, hobbies, etc.)?Right now, my evenings and weekends are consumed with my two young sons, but I squeezein leisure reading when I can—historical fiction andchild development are my favorite subjects. em

MinuteJennifer B. Dunn, Ph.D.Argonne National LaboratoryArgonne, IL

Lake Michigan States Section

A&WMA Member Since 2007

em • association news

The Member

“I am a strongbeliever in understandingthe full range ofenvironmentalimpacts of aproduct/processto the extentpossible beforemaking decisionsabout product orsystem design.”

Each month, this page profiles a different A&WMA member to find out what makes them tick at work and at home.

Tell Us What Makes You Tick!The Member Minute is a greatway to share your experiences,work, and accomplishmentswith A&WMA’s membershipand EM readers. Want to seeyour photo and story high-lighted in EM, or do you wantto recommend someone to be featured? Just e-mail your contact information [email protected] for consideration.

Association leadership roles held:Member, EM’s Editorial Advisory Committee

Jennifer championed this month’s focus topic on sustainablesupply chains see page 6.

Mark your calendars now and plan to join us in San Antonio for the environmental industries premier education, networking, and solutions event where you will enhance your knowledge and network with fellow environmental professionals from around the world.

This years conference will feature:

Over 500 Speakers and Hundreds of ExhibitorsSocial Tours and Networking EventsProfessional Development Courses Taught by Leading Instructors

LEADING ENVIRONMENTAL FRONTIERS

www.awma.org

THE A&WMA PRESENTS

June 19th - 22nd, 2012 HENRY B. GONZALEZ CONVENTION CENTER IN SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS

CONFERENCE

105TH ANNUAL

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Sustainable Supply Chainspubs.awma.org/gsearch/em/2011/12/December EM Full.pdfSustainable Supply...

Documents

Transcript of Sustainable Supply Chainspubs.awma.org/gsearch/em/2011/12/December EM Full.pdfSustainable Supply...