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Transcript of Sustainability
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Sustainability
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Sustainability Issues• Eat less meat• Waste Management• Energy Use
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Eating animal products has significant impacts
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Energy choices through food choices
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Environmental ramifications of eating meat
• Land and water are needed to raise food for livestock.
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1961
Fig. 14. A large part of the forest land is grazed. (Photo by Hawaii Forest Division)
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Alternative Protein Source
Carbon footprint•COW: 2,850 g CO2 /kilo of mass gained•PIGS: 1,120•SUN BEETLES: 121 •CRICKETS 1.27
top sirloin beef: 100 g contains about 29 g of protein and 21 g of fatGrasshopper: 100 g contains 20 g of protein and 6 grams of fat."
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• Religious• Ethical• Health• Environmental• Animal • Welfare• Economical
Reasons why some choose to practice vegetarianism
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Health Advantages
Vegetarian diets have been associated with the following when compared to nonvegetarian diets:
• lower LDL cholesterol levels• lower risk of death from ischemic heart
disease• lower blood pressure• lower rates of hypertension type 2 diabetes • lower body mass index • lower overall cancer rates
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Nutritional Considerations for Vegetarians
• Protein• Iron• Zinc• Calcium• Vitamin D• Vitamin B12• Vitamin A/ Beta carotene• Omega-3 fatty acids• Iodine
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American Plate Asian Plate
Hawaiian Plate
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Carbs: taro, yams, arrowroot, or breadfruit vines, ferns, herbs, limu (seaweed)
Protein: birds, chicken, pigs, fish, shrimp, shellfish, squid, limpet, crab and other seafood,
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Erosion carries soil away
Environmental concerns
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Fertilizers boost yields but cause problems
Eutrophication (too much N2)
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Remediation
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Where’s it all going?
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Waste can be reduced by manufacturers
Waste can be reduced by manufacturers if consumers:• Choose minimally packaged goods• Buy unwrapped fruits and vegetables• Buy in bulk
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Many incinerators create energy• Incineration reduces the volume of waste and can
generate electricity.• Waste-to-energy facilities (WTE): use the heat
produced by waste combustion to produce steam to create electricity
Kapaa Quarry
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Landfills can produce gas for energy
CH4
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http://sendables.jibjab.com/originals/big_box_mart
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Waste can be reduced by manufacturers
vs
Chokes animal life Litters environment
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Industrial ecology
• Redesigning industrial systems to reduce resource inputs and maximize physical and economic efficiency – Industry mimics nature with little waste – Waste from one organism is food for another– Everything is connected by cyclic processes– Living off nature’s interest
• Businesses can use industrial ecology to save money while reducing waste.
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Brewery
Mushroom Growing
Chicken Raising
Methane Gas Production
Fish Ponds
Conventional Waste Managment in Fiji
Brewery waste dumped into oceans to destroy coral reefs
Methane vented
Muck cleaned out
Muck dumped on fields
Waste piles up
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Brewery
Mushroom Growing
Chicken Raising
Methane Gas Production
Fish Ponds
Hydroponic Gardening
Industrial Ecology in FijiBrewery waste fertilizes mushrooms
Mushroom residue feeds chickens
Chicken waste is composted
Solids become fish food
Nutrients used in gardens
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Illegal dumping of hazardous waste
http://www.opala.org/solid_waste/Stop_Illegal_Dumping.html
Kapaa Quarry
Honolulu
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Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Why recycle? What can be recycled? Where do we recycle?
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Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
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Alternative Energy
• Hydroelectric• Geothermal• Wave energy• Solar• Wind• Biofuels• Clean coal• Tidal energy• OTEC deep water cooling
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• Flexible fuel vehicles: run on 85% ethanol– But very few gas stations
offer this fuel
• Biodiesel: a fuel produced from vegetable oil, used cooking grease or animal fat
• Some people use straight vegetable oil in their diesel engines.Bio-Beatle Rental on Maui
Cars can run on ethanol
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Algae
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Biomass energy brings benefits• It is essentially carbon-neutral, releasing no net
carbon into the atmosphere.
CO2O2
Sugarcane
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Solar Power Hawaii
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Wind Power Hawaii
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Wind power has many benefits
• Wind produces no emissions.• It is more efficient.• Turbines also use less water than
conventional power plants.• It can be used on many scales, from one
turbine to hundreds.• Farmers and ranchers can lease their land.
– Produces extra revenue – Landowners can still use their land for other uses.
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Wind power has some downsides
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Hawaii Geothermal Resources
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Puna Geothermal Venture
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Geothermal power has benefits and limits
• Benefits:– Reduces emissions
– It does emit very small amounts of gases.
• Limitations:– May not be sustainable
– Water is laced with salts and minerals that corrode equipment and pollute the air.
– Limited to areas where the energy can be trapped
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Wave Energy Converter
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Wave Energy Converter
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40 kw experimental buoy
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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
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Energy Consumption
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Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative
by 2030
http://www.hawaiicleanenergyinitiative.org/
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Transportation
• Foot/Pedal power• Cars• Hybrid• Public
Hybrid electric
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Lighting
• Sunlight• Compact fluorescence• LED• Solar lights• Piping light in through fiber optics or other
lighting technologies
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Water
• Shorter shower and low-flow shower head
• Shower better than bath• Water plants in morning or
night• Plant drought-tolerant
native plants• Skip bottled water• Take
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Hawaii’s Aquifer
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Xeriscape plants in Hawaii
Bromeliads Plumeria
HibiscusLantana
Akia
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Kapiolani Community College Cactus Garden
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E-Waste
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Food: eating smart
• Reduce amt of meat you eat each week• Buy from local farmers• Choose sustainable seafood products• Organic is best• Bring your own bag shopping
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Make your own cleaning supplies.• The big secret: All you need are a few simple
ingredients like baking soda, vinegar, lemon, and soap.
• Making your own cleaning products saves money, time, and packaging-not to mention your indoor air quality.
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Compost
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FuneralsEco-burials• Preservation:
Embalming slows the decomposition process. • Cremation: toxins in the env.• Coffins:
Cardboard, bamboo, or jute coffins; shrouds; or biodegradable urns are all dignified ways to unite with nature more rapidly.
• Leave a living marker• Mooring ball
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Eco-Friendly?
Whale disposal
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Vmnq5dBF7Y
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Population
• Later• Longer • Fewer
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Green buildingFord Island NOAA
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What could we change right now?• Room• Building• Home• Community
before after
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What is Stewardship?
http://hawaii.gov/dbedt/czm/initiative/community_based/CommunityStewardshipDirectory.pdf
1.Duty of service2.Responsibility3.Management
Earth Day Apr 22