surprised how many weeds you find. - … Locals... · Horsetail She-oak (Casuarina equisetifolia)...

3LOCAL NATIVE PLANTS2

Environmental Benefits

Attracts native treedwelling mammals

Attracts native insects

Attracts native birds

Suitable for plantingnear powerlines

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LOCAL NATIVE PLANTS KEY

DID YOU KNOW...?

You can enjoy the edible fruits of the Tuckeroo(Cupaniopsis anacardioides) , Fraser Island Apple (Acronychiaimperforata), Midyim Berry (Austromyrtus dulcis) andPigface (Carpobrotus glaucescens).The edible flowers from Native Violets (Viola hederacea)are great in salads.The leaves of the Pigface (Carpobrotus glaucescens) can beused to soothe insect bites and stings. The berries of the Coast Flax Lily (Dianella longifolia) andthe flowers of the Native Sarsparilla (Hardenbergiaviolaceae) can be used as a dye.

The leaves of the Coastal paper-bark tea-tree(Melaleuca quinquenervia) can be placed in boilingwater and used as an inhalation for colds orblocked noses.

Plant Type

Tree

Shrub

Groundcover

Grass/Tufted Plant

Vine

Symbols key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Did you know? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Native plants suitable for coastal gardens . . . .4-27

Environmental weed key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Specific weeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29-37

Reference books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Local native plants have evolved over thousands ofyears to thrive in our sandy, salty and windyconditions. They play a crucial role in protecting oursand dunes and coastal areas from erosion by windand water. Wallum, the coastal heathland plantsnative to this area, are just as important as a tropicalrainforest, and act in much the same way, protectingeverything beneath an impenetrable canopy andproviding food and shelter for our native birds andanimals. The local aborigines and early settlers alsorelied on these valuable plants, which supplied themwith foods, medicines, dyes and materials.

Over the last 150 years, the Sunshine Coast has lostmuch of its wallum. More and more of these ancientbushes, shrubs, grasses, sedges and wildflowers aredisappearing due to increasing development,leaving only small pockets of this native bushlandwhich will easily be overrun and destroyed byintroduced weeds.

We need to protect and repair the few remainingareas of local native plants, and plant more ofthem. This brochure will help you to recognise someof the local native plants that belong here andchoose the right ones to suit your garden. It alsohighlights some of the major weeds which areprevalent in this area. Some of them may begrowing in your garden.

The problem is that they don�t stay in your garden -wind, rain, birds and dumped grass clippings willspread them into bushland where they rapidly takeover, choking out the native plant population. Thisguide also explains some of the best ways to disposeof these exotic plants and weeds to minimisedamage to our environment.

The Sunshine Coast is a very special place, differentfrom other parts of Australia and the rest of theworld. Protecting our local native plants will keep itthis way.

INTRODUCTION

5

Going for a walk through the bush?Take this guide along and you�ll besurprised how many weeds you find.

LOCAL NATIVE PLANTS4LOCAL NATIVE PLANTS

Native plants are attractive, easy togrow and waterwise, they also providefood and shelter for native wildlife.

Blueberry Ash(Elaeocarpus reticulatus )

Usually less than10m, this beautifulplant is found inwet and dryeucalypt foreststhroughout theSunshine Coast.Masses of daintywhite bell-likeflowers are found inspring and earlysummer, followedby small bright bluefruit. Useful forprotected seasideplantings.Images courtesy of Sue Aspland

Beach Bird�sEye(Alectryon coriaceous )

This small tree to6m is found incoastal closedforests growing insand. It is usedextensively incoastal landscap-ing due to itshardiness and fastgrowth rate, aswell as being bothbird and butterflyattracting.

Image courtesy of Stephanie Haslam

BeachAcronychia(Acronychia imperforata )

Often found inlittoral rainforestbehind theforedunes, thissmall hardy tree(6m) tolerates fullsun and someexposure to saltwinds. It bearsmasses of creamflowers followedby yellow pea-sized berries.

Image courtesy of Sue Aspland

Broad-leavedPaperbark(Melaleuca quinquenervia)

This paperbarkgrows to 8m indamp coastalareas wheregroundwater isclose to thesurface. Scentedcream flowerbrushes appear inautumn and winterproviding anabundance ofnectar. Useful forexposed seasideplanting andwater-loggedsituations.

Image courtesy of John Russell

7LOCAL NATIVE PLANTS6

Coastal Pine(Callitris columellaris)

This attractive treecan grow to 20m,naturally occurringalong coastalsandy beachesand headlands itis an excellentwind-break orscreen.


Horsetail She-oak(Casuarina equisetifolia)

This hardy treegrows to 10m inexposed salt-ladenwinds bindingsandy soils. Longgreyish greenneedle-like leaves(actuallybranchlets) hangdown giving thetree a droopinghabit. Flowers inautumn whichlater give rise tocone like shapedfruit. Ideal wind-break.


Carrol Myrtle, Grey Myrtle(Backhousia myrtifolia )

Naturally occurringalong the edge ofwet eucalyptforests andrainforests, thismulti-trunked smalldense tree cangrow to 4m andcan be used as aneffective privacyscreen. It bearsmasses ofwhite/creamflowers in spring tosummer andleaves are aromaticwhen crushed.

Image courtesy of Michael Gilles

CoastalBanksia(Banksia integrifolia subsp.integrifolia)

Golden nectar-filled flowersattract a diverserange of nectar-feeding species. Itis a hardy treeoccurring naturallyon coastal dunesand growing to 6m.

Image courtesy of Leigh Warneminde

LOCAL NATIVE PLANTS

We live on Queensland�s SunshineCoast. Why make your garden look likeit�s been transplanted from England?

By choosing local native plants, youcan enjoy a garden that looks greatand works for you.

9LOCAL NATIVE PLANTS

Pandanus(Pandanus tectorius)

Part of the distinctive character of theSunshine Coast headlands and dunes, thisspecies is under threat from the Leafhopperfrom North Queensland. The sculpturedshape of the trunk and greenish grey strapleaves of the pandanus are a dramaticstatement in coastal gardens and naturalforeshores. The large pineapple-like fruit areorange when ripe. Grows to 7m.

Imagecourtesyof SueAspland

Local plants are adapted to localconditions and are more likely toflourish in your backyard.

11LOCAL NATIVE PLANTS10LOCAL NATIVE PLANTS


PiccabeenPalm(Archontophoenixcunninghamiana)

Tall palm withbright greenfoliage whichgrows to 25m.This is a self-cleaning palm thatis found inwetlands andrainforests on theSunshine Coast.

Encourage our native birds and animalsto stay around by planting native plantsin your yard.

Salty, sandy soils? Our local native plantshave evolved to thrive in them. They love ithere. Why would you plant anything else?

Tuckeroo(Cupaniopsisanarcardioides)

Tall tree to 10mfound in a range ofcoastalecosystems fromcoastal dunes torainforests. Oftenused as a street orshade tree incommerciallandscapes.Cream/greenishflowers appear latesummer to autumnfollowed by denseclusters of brightorange fruit.Image courtesy of John Russell

Dog Rose (Bauera capitata )

Small shrub to.5m high withattractive deepmauve flowers inspring andsummer. Naturallyfound in wallumeco-systems, itprefers moistsandy loam soilsand is salt-tolerant. A delightin the garden.


Dogwood(Jacksonia scoparia )

This shrub appearsleafless having onlyan occasionalscattering of smallleaves along theangular stems.Grows up to 2- 3m.Yellow/orange peaflowers cover theshrub from latewinter to spring.Will grow in veryharsh conditions inwell drained soils.Once establishedrequires very little care.Image courtesy of John Russell

13

Make life easy - co-exist with nature,don�t try to conquer it.


Respect and learn from indigenouscultures, they understood the delicatebalance inherent in our environment.

Dwarf Banksia(Banksia oblongifolia )

True to its name,the Dwarf Banksiagenerally growsno more than1.5m in height,however canreach up to 3m inthe wild. This is anextremelyadaptable andhardy plant thatthrives in toughconditions.


Forest Boronia(Boronia rosmarinifolia)

Open shrub to 1mhigh for moistwell-drained soil insun or part shade.Covered inattractive deepcerise flowers inspring andsummer. Found inthe understorey ofeucalypt forests.


GoldenCandlesticks(Banksia spinulosa)

Usually growing to2-3m, this singleor multi-stemmedshrub bearsmasses of goldenyellow to orangeflowers in earlywinter. Foundnaturally in dryEucalypt forestsas an understoreyspecies, butadapts to full sunor light shade inthe garden.Image courtesy of Stephanie Haslam

Hairy Bush Pea(Pultenaea villosa)

Fine hairs coverthe leaves andstems of thishardy shrubgrowing to 1.5m.In autumn andspring yellow andorange peaflowers transformthis plant into aball of gold.Ideally suited to awell-drained sunnyposition in thegarden.


15

Our local native wallum plants are asvaluable as the rainforest - anddisappearing just as quickly...


Our local native plants are a big part ofwhat makes the Sunshine Coast sounique. Lets keep it that way!

Hop Bush(Dodonea triquetra)

Usually foundgrowing to 3m inheight in averagesoils. Eye-catchinggreen to purplewinged seedcapsules cover theplant in spring. Ahardy shrub thatcan tolerate dryconditions andlight shade.

Image courtesy of Michael Gilles & Sue Aspland

Midyim Berry(Austromyrtus dulcis)

A small shrub orgroundcover to 1mhigh with attractivearomatic leavesand pale pink newgrowth. Whiteflowers in springare followed byedible white &purple fruit. Thishardy shrub growsin most soils in sunor shade and issuitable for semi-exposed seasideplanting.


NativeLasiandra,Blue Tongue(Melastoma malabathricumsubsp. malabathricum)

A bushy shrub formoist soils in fullsun to part shade.Large mauveflowers fromspring to autumnare followed by anedible fruit stainingthe tongue blue. Will benefit frompruning. Grows to 2m.

Image courtesy of Michael Gilles & Sue Aspland

Purple PeaBush(Hovea acutifolia)

Common locally inwoodlandsituations thisshrub will grow to2m. Suitable foraverage soils insun or part shade.Deep purple peaflowers cover thissmall shrub inspring.Spectacular whenin flower.


17

Sand dunes protect our homes from theocean. Native plants protect the dunes.But who protects our native plants?


A valuable resource worth protecting,or worthless scrub? The decision is inyour hands.

Quinine Berry(Petalostigma pubescens )

Found in coastalopen forestsgrowing on sand,this shrub cangrow to 3-4m high.This hardy planthas an attractivedroopingappearance andbears masses ofbright orange fruitabout the size ofcherries. Theunderside of theleaves are coveredin downy hairs.Image courtesy of Stephanie Haslam

Rice Flower(Pimelea linifolia subsp.linifolia)

An attractive erectshrub growing to0.5m. Clusters ofwhite tubularflowers crowd intoa head at the endof the branches inspring andsummer. It growsin sandyconditions in fulland part shadeand is common inwallum heath.


Small LeafGeebung(Persoonia virgata)

Grows to 2-4m inwell-drained soil.The branches arecovered withtubular yellowflowers from winterto summer,followed by greenfruits whichdevelop a purpletinge when ripe.Sensitive tofertilisers.

Image courtesy of Deb Voss & Stephanie Haslam

SwampBanksia(Banksia robur)

Naturally occurs inwet soils and cangrow to 2m. Thelarge 20cm flowersare blue/green inthe bud stage andgolden when openautumn/winter.Can grow as asingle or multi-stemmed plant.Will benefit frompruning.


18LOCAL NATIVE PLANTS

Sweet Wattle(Acacia sauveolens)

Small wattle toabout 2.5m withcreamy whiteflowers. The flatseedpods are anattractivegreyish/purplecolour whenimmature.

Images courtesy of Sue Aspland & Paul Donatiu

Thyme HoneyMyrtle(Melaleuca thymifolia)

An attractive smallspreading shrubto 1m bearingmauve lacyflowers in springand summer. Avery adaptableplant for averagesoils in sun or partshade. Will benefitfrom pruning.


With a local native garden, theingredients for a great meal can befound right in your own backyard.

21

Plant local species where possible, ourlocal wildlife depends on your localplants.


With the privilege of living so close tonatural areas comes the responsibilityfor its conservation and protection.

Bungwall Fern(Blechnum indicum)

Attractive fernuseful for shadyunderstoreyplanting. Alsosuitable for usearound gardenponds or in moistgardensparticularly for froghabitat.Widespread incoastal swampsand paperbarkforests.

Image courtesy of Deb Voss

Wild May(Leptospermumpolygalifolium)

This medium sizedshrub grows to 3mand is foundnaturally in dryheath and wallumwoodlands. Inspring it is coveredwith masses ofbeautiful whiteflowers that makethis hardy speciesparticularlyattractive for thehome garden.


WeepingBaeckea (Baeckea frutescens)

A very hardyshrub to 2.5m withweeping branchesand tiny needle-like leaves whichare covered in ashower of smallwhite flowers inwinter andsummer. Willtolerate average towell-drained soilsin full sun. Usefulshrub for visual orwind break.Image courtesy of Sue Aspland

WoombyeBush(Phebalium woombye)

One of the mostbeautiful wallumplants, this shrubis covered withmasses of white topale pink flowersin spring. The darkgreen foliage hasa silvery under-surface. Hardycompact shrubthat grows to 2min well-drainedsunny to partlyshaded position.Image courtesy of Chris Jonkers

23

Make life easy - co-exist with nature,don�t try to conquer it.


Become involved in the conservation ofour natural areas. Call your localCouncil to find out how you can help.

Native Violet(Viola hederacea)

Low growingspreadinggroundcover withattractive mauve &white flowers.Grows well insemi-shaded,moist positions.


Pig Face(Carpobrotus glaucescens)

Succulentgroundcoverfound on coastaldunes, vital in thestabilisation ofsands. It hasfleshy three-sidedleaves and brightpink daisy flowersfrom spring toautumn. Usefulrockery plant.


TwiningGuinea Flower(Hibbertia scandens)

Showy brightyellow flowerscover the plantthroughout theyear followed byreddish/orangeberries that arerelished by thebirds. Readilypropagated fromseed or cuttingsand will grow inmost areas. Usedas a groundcoveror climbing vine.

Image courtesy of Deb Voss

Fan Flower(Scaevola calendulaceae)

A compactgroundcover withfleshy grey-greenleaves covered ina mass of fan-shaped flowersthroughout theyear. Occurswithin coastaldunes as a sandstabiliser. Hardyand reliableground-cover inexposed andsunny areas inwell-drained soils. Image courtesy of Stephanie Haslam

KangarooGrass(Themeda triandra)

Common tuftinggrass with slenderflower headsoccurs naturally inwallum wood-lands andeucalypt forests.Grows to 1m high.Best suited to asunny well drainedposition andrequires minimalmaintenance.

Images courtesy of Michael Gilles & Stephanie Haslam

25

Select a range of native plants thatflowers or fruit throughout the year andinvite native animals into your garden.


Our bushland is our natural heritage. It is a large part of what makes theSunshine Coast unique.

Common Flax Lily(Dianella caerulea)

The mostwidespread of theflax lilies, thisspecies oftenspreads by suckersto form tufts ormats to 1m high. Itbears beautiful blueflowers in springfollowed by vibrantblue/purple berries,and will grow insun or shade.

Images courtesy of Stephanie Haslam

Beach Flax Lily(Dianella congesta)

This tufting plantgrows to 50cmhigh and is foundon the foredunesso is extremelyhardy. Its blueflowers can befound throughoutthe year, as wellas the bright bluefruits.

Images courtesy of Stephanie Haslam & Paul Donatiu

Grass Tree(Xanthorrhoeafulva/Xanthorrhoealatifolia)

Grass trees willcreate a focal pointand dramaticcontrast in thehome gardenwhere aninterestingstructural form isrequired. The flowerspikes of perfumednectar-laden whiteflowers may rise upto 2m above theplant. Require well-drained soil in sunor part shade.

Image courtesy of Deb Voss & Paul Donatiu

27LOCAL NATIVE PLANTS26LOCAL NATIVE PLANTS

It is a waste to dump garden waste.Return the nutrients where they areneeded - back into your garden.

Do you care about your localenvironment? Then get your hands dirtyas a community volunteer.

River Lily(Crinum pedunculatum)

This broad-leavedtufted plant hasthick fleshy strapleaves to 1m. Itbears large headsof fragrant whitespidery flowersfrom spring toautumn andtolerates mostconditions.

Images courtesy of Sue Aspland

Pale Flax Lily(Dianella longifolia)

Growing to about1m tall and foundin a range ofcoastalenvironments. Thiserect lily has darkgreen strap leaveswith tall spikes ofblue flowers andfruits that riseabove the tuftedfoliage of the plantin spring andsummer. Strikingplanted in clumps.

Image courtesy of Han van Beek

Sword Grass(Gahnia sieberiana)

This tufting plantgrows to 1.5mhigh and is foundin sedgelands andMelaleucawetlands. Theextremely sharpedge of the leavesgives this plant itscommon name.

Images courtesy of Sue Apsland & Chris Jonkers

Fraser IslandCreeper (Tecomanthe hillii)

Listed as a rareplant, this beautifulclimber is actuallyquite vigorous in itsgrowth. Found in avery limiteddistribution incoastal rainforests,this species bearsbeautiful pinktrumpet flowers inwinter and spring.Grows and flowersbest in full sun topart shade, suitablefor average soils. Image courtesy of Stephanie Haslam

29

Help our native bird species, displacedby development, by planting nativetrees in your garden.


Becoming familiar with our native plantscan help increase our understanding ofsurrounding bushland.

Wax Flower (Hoya australis)

Bunches of whiteor pale pinkperfumed flowersadorn this climberin spring. Ideallysuited to a well-drained shadedposition. Suitablefor trellis, pergolaor pot planting.Host to theCommon Crowbutterfly.

Images courtesy of Sue Apsland & Chris Jonkers

Richmond BirdwingButterfly Vine(Pararistolochia praevenosa)

Vigorous rainforest vine bears unusualtubular flowers in spring followed by4cm long, yellow, ribbed fruit in latesummer. The leaves of this vine are theonly food source for the larvae of therare Richmond Birdwing Butterfly. Agreat climber for shade to semi-shadedposition in average soil. Keep an eyeout for these beautiful large, greenbutterflies and report sightings toCouncil as part of the recoveryplan forthis vulnerable species.

Image courtesyof Michael Gilles

NativeSarsaparilla(Hardenbergia violacea)

A twining, scrambling plantthat can be used asa groundcoverdown embank-ments or retainingwalls. Spectaculardeep purple flowerscover the plant inspring. It is bothadaptable andhardy and will forma thick groundcover in a variety ofsituations from part-shade to full sun.


Plant Type

Tree

Shrub

Groundcover

Grass/Tufted Plant

Vine

Leaf Arrangement

Compound

Whorled

Alternate

Opposite

Basal

Invasion Mechanism

Animals

Tubers, Bulbs, etc

Wind

Vegetative

Control Method

Cut stump

Manual

Stem inject

Stem scrape

Distinguishing PlantCharacteristics

Berry

Pods

Flower

Spines

Toxic

Disposal Method

Bag and bin allparts of the plant

Bag and binviable seeds,bulbs, tubers orroots - compostedplant material notlikely to regrow

Flowering Time

Summer

Autumn

Winter

Spring

Year Round

WEEDS SYMBOLS KEY

31ENVIRONMENTAL WEEDS30ENVIRONMENTAL WEEDS

Plants can become environmental weeds when theyescape from gardens into surrounding bushland,dune and creek edges. New plants from overseasand even native plants from other parts ofQueensland and Australia have the potential tobecome weeds. Treat any new plants with caution. Ifyou are not sure whether it�s likely to overtake, leaveit as a container plant or isolate it. Think about whatyou are planting.

Weeds can be spread when garden cuttings aredumped - even lawn cuttings can introduce weedseeds. Also, the wind and birds can spread seedsfrom your garden, so if you don�t want to get rid ofa plant, you can reduce its effect on surroundingnative vegetation by removing spent flowers beforethey set seed.

The weeds listed in this guide are by no means acomplete list of plants that can becomeenvironmental weeds.

Plants bought for aquariums can become weeds inour waterways. Aquarium plants must never bedisposed into creeks or drains. Cabomba, alsoknown as Fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana) is anexample of an aquarium plant that overtakes thewaterways, blocking out light and oxygen to nativeplants and animals that live in the water. Otherwater weeds are Alligator Weed (Alternantheraphiloxeroides), Salvinia (Salvinia molesta), and WaterHyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes).

ENVIRONMENTAL WEEDS

33

Remove problematic plants from yourgarden and dispose of themresponsibly.

ENVIRONMENTAL WEEDS32ENVIRONMENTAL WEEDS

Manual Hand Removal (Minimal Disturbance)1. Gently remove any seeds or fruits

and place into a bag.2. Hold stem at ground level.3. Rock plant backwards and forwards

to loosen roots, and pull out or usea gardening hand tool.

4. Tap roots to dislodge any soil.Replace disturbed soil.

Stem Scraping1. With a knife, scrape 15 to 30cm of

the stem to reach the layer belowthe bark/outer layer.

2. Immediately apply herbicide alongthe length of the scrape.

Cut and Paint - Useful for small to mediumsized woody weeds1. Make a horizontal cut as

close to the ground aspossible with secateurs,loppers or a bush saw.

2. Immediately apply herbicide to theexposed flat stump surface.

Stem Injection, Frilling or Chipping1. Injection - At the base of the tree drill holes at a

45 degree angle into the sapwood at 5cmintervals. Or Frill/Chip - Make a cut into thesapwood with a chisel or axe.

2. Fill each hole/cut with herbicide immediately.3. Repeat the process at 5cm intervals around the

base.

METHODS OF REMOVAL

Injection

Frill or Chip

Broad LeafPepper Tree(Schinus terebinthifolia)

Native to Brazil,this tree can growto 8m. Aggressiveinvader in coastalwetlands anddisturbed areas.Class 3 declaredplant ofQueensland.Replace with:Blueberry AshElaeocarpus reticulatus TuckerooCupaniopsis anarcardioides Beach Bird�s EyeAlectryon coriaceous Cooloola IronwoodRhodamnia acuminata


CamphorLaurel(Cinnamomum camphora)

Aggressiveinvader alongwaterways formingdense infestations.Toxic to wildlife.Class 3 declaredplant ofQueensland.Replace with:TuckerooCupaniopsis anarcardiodesThree VeinedLaurelCryptocarya triplinervis var.pubensCooloola IronwoodRhodamnia acuminataMuttonwoodRapanea variabilis

Image courtesy of Stephanie HaslamIllustrationsby V. BearCourtesy ofAustralianAssociationof BushRegeneration


They have provided us with food, medi-cines, shelter and materials for genera-tions. Now our local native plants need us.

Cocos Palm(Syagrus romanzoffiana)

Made popular bythe landscapeindustry. Theirorange fruits arespread by flyingfoxes, andgerminate easily inbushland areas Replace with:Piccabeen PalmArchontophoenixcunninghamiana Cabbage Tree PalmLivistona australis


Easter Cassia(Senna pendulavar.glabrata)

Sprawling shrubfrom SouthAmerica thatcolonisesbushland areaspreventing nativeregeneration.Replace with:Small LeafGeebungPersoonia virgata DogwoodJacksonia scopariaSweet WattleAcacia suaveolensPink WaxflowerEriostemon australasius


More than 30,000 years to create ourlocal environment - less than 150 yearsto destroy it.

Leucaena(Leucaena leucocephala)

Often planted as afodder plant forcattle. Thisagriculturalescapee sets tensof thousands ofseeds per season,rapidly colonisingdisturbed areas.Replace with:Phebalium BushPhebalium woombyeWedding BushRicinocarpos pinifoliusIrish WattleAcacia oshanesiiGoldenCandlesticksBanksia spinulosa

Image courtesy of Sue Aspland & BushlandFriendly Nursery Scheme

Umbrella Tree(Schefflera actinophylla)

Australian nativefrom NorthQueenslandthough highlyinvasive in SouthEast Queensland.Replace with:Beach AcronychiaAcronychia imperforataPink EuodiaMelicope elleryanaBleeding HeartHomalanthus nutansThree VeinedLaurelCryptocarya triplinervis var.pubens



The world doesn�t stop at your fence.Neither do the weeds. Wind, water andbirds spread them, so do the right thing.

Yellow Bells(Tecoma stans)

Ornamentalgarden escapeewhich grows to5m. Potential tobecome abundantdue to prolificquantities of seedproduced. Class 3declared plant ofQueensland.Replace with: DogwoodJacksonia scopariaQuinine BerryPetalostigma pubescensForest PittosporumPittosporum revolutumLolly BushClerodendrum floribundum


Bitou Bush(Chrysanthemoidesmonilifera subsp. rotundata)

A Class 1 declaredplant ofQueensland, bitoubush removal isrequired by law.Replace with: Coastal BoobiallaMyoporum acuminatumWild MayLeptospermumpolygalifoliumHakeaHakea plurinerviaTwiggy BaeckeaBabingtonia bidwilliiImages courtesy of Queensland Government,

Department of Natural Resources and Mines

Cats and dogs are introduced specieswhich kill our local birds and wildlife.Keep your pets under control.

BrazilianCherry(Eugenia uniflora)

This commongarden plant ishighly favoured bybirds who aid in itsdispersal throughnatural areas.Replace with: Carrol MyrtleBackhousia myrtifoliaPython TreeGossia bidwilliiBlue Lilly PillySyzygium oleosumNarrow-leaved LillyPillyAcmena smithii

Images courtesy of Michael Gilles

Duranta(Duranta repens)

This populargarden plantforms denseimpenetrablethickets whenallowed to spreadinto bushland.Replace with: Beach Bird�s EyeAlectryon coriaceousCoastal BanksiaBanksia integrifolia subsp.integrifoliaCarrol MyrtleBackhousia myrtifoliaLemon-scentedMyrtle Backhousia citriodora

Images courtesy of Stephanie Haslam


Escaped garden plants make up over70% of the listed environmental weedsin Australia.

GroundselBush(Baccharis halimifolia)

Groundsel is aClass 2 declaredplant ofQueensland itsremoval isrequired by law.Replace with: Carrol MyrtleBackhousia myrtifoliaWeeping BaeckeaBaeckea frutescensPlum MyrtlePilidiostigma glabrumBeach AcronychiaAcronychia imperforataImages courtesy of

Queensland GovernmentDepartment of NaturalResources and Mines& Stephanie Haslam

IndianHawthorn(Raphiolepis indica )

A common gardenplant spread bybirds, this plantcolonises bushlandareas often formingdense thicketssuppressing nativeregenerationReplace with: Wedding BushRicinocarpos pinifoliusThread-barkedMyrtleGossia inophloiaTwiggy MyrtleBabingtonia similisWild MayLeptospermum polygalifolium

Images courtesy of Michael Gilles

If you live on the Coast because of itsnatural beauty, here�s your chance todo something to protect it.

Mickey MousePlant(Ochna serrulata)

A woody shrubthat has an angledtap root which iseasily brokenwhen hand-pulled.Replace with: HoveaHovea acutifoliaLemon-scented Tea TreeLeptospermum liversidgeiForest BoroniaBoronia rosmarinifoliaHop BushDodonea triquetraImage courtesy of Stephanie Haslam

Lantana(Lantana sp)

Highly invasiveshrub from SouthAmerica whichforms densethicketssmothering nativevegetation. Replace with: GoldenCandlesticksBanksia spinulosaNative LasiandraMelastoma malabathricumsubsp. malabathricumVelvet LeafCallicarpa pedunculataHairy Bush PeaPultenaea villosa


40ENVIRONMENTAL WEEDS

Mock Orange(Murraya paniculata)

This populargarden plant ishighly invasive innatural bushlandand is set to be amajor weed in thefuture.Replace with: Blueberry AshElaeocarpus reticulatusBeach Bird’s EyeAlectryon coriaceousNarrow-leaved LillyPillyAcmena smithiiSmooth PsychotriaPsychotria daphnoides

Images courtesy of Sue Aspland

Agave(Agave americana)

A large pricklysucculent grownas an ornamentalplant in gardensfor their flowerspike.Replace with: River LilyCrinum pedunculatumPandanusPandanus tectoriusMat RushLomandra longifoliaGrass TreeXanthorrhoea fulva/Xanthorrhoea johnsoniiImages courtesy of Sue Aspland

If you plant exotics in your garden,you’ll spend your days weeding,watering and mowing.


Often, pests are well-equipped toescape the confines of pots andbackyards.

Broad LeavedM-O-M(Bryophyllum pinnatum )

Will grow from anyplant part thattouches soil, bevery careful toremove every partand destroy.Replace with: Weeping BaeckeaBaeckea frutescensMidyim BerryAustromyrtus dulcisPig FaceCarpobrotus glaucescensBush PeaPultenaea villosa

Image courtesy of

Canna Lily(Canna indica)

Often foundinvading moistareas and onceestablished formsimpenetrablethickets that aredifficult toeradicateReplace with: Sword grass Gahnia sieberianaPalm LilyCordyline rubaNative GingerAlpinia caeruleaRiver LilyCrinum pedunculatum

Images courtesy of Michael GillesImage courtesy of NSW Department of Land andWater Conservation Coastcare Program

Fishbone Fern(Nephrolepis cordifolia)

Invasive fern thatout-competesnativegroundcovers.Difficult to removeonce established.Replace with: Bungwall FernBlechnum indicumRough MaidenhairAdiantum hispidulumRasp FernDoodia asperaCommon Flax LilyDianella caerulea

Image courtesy of Queensland GovernmentDepartment of Natural Resources and Mines

Mother ofMillions(Bryophyllum spp.)

A highly invasiveornamental plantsfrom Madagascar.Class 2 declaredplant of Queens-land that is highlytoxic to animalsand humans. Replace with: Kangaroo GrassThemeda triandraWeeping BaeckeaBaeckea frutescensPigfaceCarpobrotus glaucescensYellow ButtonsChrysocephalum apiculatum

If you love the Sunshine Coast, help usprotect the things that help make it special- our local native plants and animals.

45ENVIRONMENTAL WEEDS44ENVIRONMENTAL WEEDS 44


Dispose of your aquarium plantsthoughtfully, they spread like wild firechoking our waterways.

Gloriosa Lily(Gloriosa superba)

Garden escapeethat is rapidlydisplacing nativeplants along thecoastal dunes.Toxic.Replace with: Dog RoseBauera capitataJack BeanCanavalia roseaFan Flower Scaevola calendulaceaeRice FlowerPimelea linifolia subsp.linifolia

Prickly Pear(Opuntia sp.)

A Class 2 declaredplant ofQueensland thatcan form largeclumps in naturalareas.Replace with: Native LasiandraMelastoma malabathricumsubsp. malabathricumDwarf BanksiaBanksia oblongifoliaBroad-leavedBanksiaBanksia roburBeach Bird�s EyeAlectryon coriaceous


Make sure that your weeds aren�tspreading into the bush. Dispose ofweed and grass clippings thoughtfully.

PaintedSpurge(Euphorbia cyathophora)

Native annual oftropical Americanaturalised in drydisturbed coastalareas.Replace with: Wallum BottlebrushCallistemon pachyphyllusWallum GrevilleaGrevillea leiophyllaThyme-leavedHoney MyrtleMelaleuca thymifoliaRice FlowerPimelea linifolia subsp.linifolia


Purple Splash(Althernanthera dentata)

This popularornamental edgingplant is closelyrelated to thedeclared Alligatorweed and isproving to be aspotentially invasive.Replace with: Thyme-leavedHoney MyrtleMelaleuca thymifoliaMidyim BerryAustromyrtus dulcisDwarf BaeckeaBabingtonia similisBush PeaPultenaea villosa



PurpleSucculent(Callisia fragrans)

Forms a denseimpenetrable layerin bushlandstoppinggermination ofnative species.Replace with: Pale Flax LilyDianella longifoliaBeach Flax LilyDianella congestaPolliaPollia crispataPig FaceCarpobrotus glaucescens

Images courtesy of Sue Aspland & Stephanie Haslam

Purple Splash(Althernanthera dentata)

This popularornamental edgingplant is closelyrelated to thedeclared AlligatorWeed and isproving to be aspotentially invasive.Replace with: Thyme-leavedHoney MyrtleMelaleuca thymifoliaMidyim BerryAustromyrtus dulcisDwarf BaeckeaBabingtonia similisBush PeaPultenaea villosa


If you must have exotic plants - minimisetheir impact. Keep them in pots andremove the flower heads before they seed.

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Thinking about doing some weeding inyour garden? Check this guide forremoval and disposal techniques.

ENVIRONMENTAL WEEDS

Mile-a-Minute(Ipomoea cairica)

Extremelyvigorous climbingvine introducedfrom Africa thatwill smother andkill nativevegetation. Replace with: Richmond BirdwingButterfly VinePararistolochia praevenosaNative WisteriaCallerya megaspermaTwining GuineaFlowerHibbertia scandensBower Of BeautyPandorea jasminoides


ArcherAxillaris &Glycine(Macrotyloma axillaris &Neonotonia wightii)

Legume that wasintroduced as apasture improver.Will smother andstrangle nativevegetation.Replace with: Fan Flower Scaevola calendulaceaGuinea FlowerHibbertia scandensCoral Pea Kennedia rubicundaBower of BeautyPandorea jasminoides



Corky PassionVine(Passiflora suberosa)

Displaces andstrangles nativevegetation.Replace with: Scrambling LilyGeitonoplesium cymosumWonga VinePandorea pandoranaFraser IslandCreeper Tecomanthe hilliiRichmond BirdwingButterfly VinePararistolochia praevenosaImage courtesy of Queensland Government

Department of Natural Resources and Mines

Interested in lending a hand to protectour environment? Call your local councilto find out how you can be involved.

Madeira Vine(Anredera cordifolia)

This highlyinvasive vine hasthe potential tocompletelysmother anddestroy intactnative bushland! Replace with: Richmond BirdwingButterfly Vine Pararistolochia praevenosaScrambling LilyGeitonoplesium cymosumWax Flower Hoya australis subsp.australisFraser IslandCreeper Tecomanthe hilli

Images courtesy of Queensland GovernmentDepartment of Natural Resources and Mines& Michael Gilles

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Be responsible and don�t allow theweeds in your yard to become aproblem for someone else.

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Morning Glory(Ipomoea indica)

South Americanvine that destroysnative vegetationand habitat. Replace with: Richmond BirdwingButterfly VinePararistolochia praevenosaNative WisteriaCallerya megaspermaTwining GuineaFlowerHibbertia scandensBower Of BeautyPandorea jasminoides


Siratro(Macroptiliumatropurpureum)

Legume that wasintroduced as apasture improver.A robust perennialthat will smotherand stranglenative vegetation.Replace with: Twining GuineaFlowerHibbertia scandensNative Sarsaparilla Hardenbergia violaceaCoral Pea Kennedia rubicundaGoat�s FootConvolvulus Ipomoea pes-caprae


The local native plants in this brochure may not beavailable at some nurseries. Like all businesses,nurseries respond to market demands. If the plantsyou want aren�t in stock, request them. Every timeyou ask you are increasing the demand - and thesupply will follow. Weekend markets are oftenanother source of plants - take care that you don�twaste your money buying a weed.

For more information on other plants that are nativeto the Sunshine Coast Region, the following booksmay assist you:

Brochure References and further reading

Eustace, R. (1996) Indigenous Gardening -Growing Local Native Plants. Mc Benny PtyLtd., Cannon Hill.

Mac Rae, I. (1996) Wildflowers of Bribie Island.Bribie Island Environmental ProtectionAssociation Inc., Bribie Island.

Carolin, R and Clarke,P (1991) Beach Plants ofSouth Eastern Australia. Sainty and Associates

Kleinschmidt, Holland and Simpson. (1996)Suburban Weeds. Third Edition. Department ofPrimary Industries, Queensland

Harrold,A.( 1994) Wildflowers of the Noosa-Cooloola area. Noosa Parks Association Inc.,Noosa Heads.

Bradley, J. edited by Joan Larking, AudreyLenning and Jean Walker (1988) Bringing Backthe Bush-The Bradley Method of BushRegeneration. Lansdowne Sydney.

Symons, Pat & Sim. (1994) Bush Heritage. SelfPublished, Nambour.

Hallam, S. (2004) Noosa�s Native Plants.Published by Noosa Intergrated CatchmentAssoc. Inc., Tewantin

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