Surface and Boundary-Layer Fluxes during the DYNAMO Field Program C. Fairall, S. DeSzoeke, J. Edson,...
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Transcript of Surface and Boundary-Layer Fluxes during the DYNAMO Field Program C. Fairall, S. DeSzoeke, J. Edson,...
![Page 1: Surface and Boundary-Layer Fluxes during the DYNAMO Field Program C. Fairall, S. DeSzoeke, J. Edson, + Surface cloud radiative forcing (CF) Diurnal cycles.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649eb75503460f94bc119c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Surface and Boundary-Layer Fluxes during the DYNAMO Field ProgramC. Fairall, S. DeSzoeke, J. Edson, +
• Surface cloud radiative forcing (CF)• Diurnal cycles• Surface flux product• Radar turbulence and microphysics retrievals• Convective mass flux parameterization
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Cloud Forcing
• Cloud forcing is the difference in the observed mean radiative flux versus what the flux would be in the absence of clouds
0xxx RRCF
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Time Series Flux Components and SFCDaily Averages
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Average to week-month Scales
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Mean Tropical Surface Energy Budget TermsTable 1. Tropical Surface Energy Budgets from Fairall et al. 2008
Experiment Solar LW SENSIBLE LATENT RAIN NET
TOGA COARE PILOT 197 -43 -12 -116 -3 22
TC-1 222 -58 -7 -89 -1 65
TC-2 166 -46 -11 -117 -4 -12TC-3 190 -51 -10 -112 -3 13
TC Undisturbed 247 -57 -5 -84 -1 99
TC Disturbed 158 -43 -11 -150 -5 -51
JASMINE-2 205 -43 -9 -125 -2 27
JASMINE STAR 1 (UND) 260 -49 -5 -115 0 92
JASMINE STAR 2 (DIS) 128 -31 -17 -162 -7 -89
TC all 198 -49 -8 -105 -3 34
JASMINE all 217 -42 -6 -109 -2 62
EPIC (East Pacific UND) 224 -33 -8 -80 0 102
EPIC (East Pacific ITCZ) 163 -42 -19 -128 -7 -33
DYNAMO leg2 216 -42 -10 -126 -2 30
DYNAMO leg3 214 -41 -11 -122 -2 38
DYNAMO Undisturbed 256 -59 -6 -102 0 90
DYNAMO disturbed 206 -50 -9 -95 -2 50
DYNAMO mjo 140 -45 -18 -135 -6 -62
TOGA COARE – a 3 month study of MJO and surface fluxes in the equatorial W. Pacific. JASMINE – a 40-day study of pre-monsoon and monsoon convection In the Bay of Bengal. EPIC – A multi-year set of 1-month cruises in the equatorial E. Pacific and the ITCZ.
DYNAMO – a 3-4 month studyOf MJO and surface fluxes in the equatorial Indian Ocean
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Tropical Energy Budget Correlations
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Diurnal
• Jim Edson produced updated code for coare warm layer
• Also interested in diurnal variations in cloud properties.
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Diurnal SST Averages in Wind Speed/Forcing Ranges:Snake and TSG: Measured and Modeled
Wind speed bins: upper – strong; middle – med; bottom - light
Forcing: upper – suppressed; middle – disturbed; Lower - MJO
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Correcting the TSG to the Surface
Mean diurnal cycle of TSG, Snake, and model estimate of Snake based on TSD
Individual diurnal time series of Snake – Tx. Upper – Tx=TSG, observed; lower Tx=Tsnake model using TSG
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Surface Flux Product
• Spatial grid in IO region. Daily and/or 6 hr• Turbulent, radiative, precip: Blended from various products• Use in situ to evaluated accuracy.
High-resolution (0.1250) radiative fluxes for one day as generated from METEOSAT-5.
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Turbulence/Microphysics
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Microphysic vs Turbulence• W=Wfall+Wturb
• Frisch et al - 3 radar moments to 3 moments of gaussian drop distribution. Means
• Pinsky – separate Vg and Wturb time series assuming variations uncorrelated– Keys on <W(dBZ)>– Wturb=a0/sig(Z)*(W-<W(dBZ)>)
• Shupe et al – Relate true air motion to left side of Doppler spectrum
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VOCALS Grand Average
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Pinsky Separation
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Sample Separation 1 hr
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Application to BL Turbulence Parameterization
• Local vs Non-local Turbulence closures
rHigherOrdez
XKxw
''
)('' * du XXMxw
))(1(* dnup wwM
Local gradient
Non local convective mass flux
Sigma is updraft area fraction
2/12 ]4[22
1
w
w
S
S
Updraft fraction related to velocity skewness
2/1
2
2
* 4
'
wS
wM
2/12*
)1(lse
MK diss
Eddy diffusion coefficient related
thru dissipation time scale
Mass flux related to vertical velocity moments
)('' * du XXMz
XKxw
Hybrid
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VOCALS 1 Day
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Trade Wind Q and Shallow Convection
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Concept: Use Wband for incloud and Lidar for subcloud and between cloud