Superconducting Magnets Acoustic Emission Sensors in · • Acoustic Emission sensors Sensors...
Transcript of Superconducting Magnets Acoustic Emission Sensors in · • Acoustic Emission sensors Sensors...
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Marcos AraqueSIST/GEM Final Presentation6 August 2018
Acoustic Emission Sensors in Superconducting Magnets
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Acoustic Emission Quench Detection Sensors in Superconducting Magnets
Quenching in Superconducting Magnets
Data Acquisition and Results
Acoustic Emission (AE) Sensor
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Acoustic Emission Quench Detection Sensors in Superconducting Magnets
Quenching in Superconducting Magnets
Data Acquisition and Results
Acoustic Emission (AE) Sensor
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Electromagnets made of superconducting wire
Zero Resistance More Current Stronger Magnetic Fields Higher Energy Beams
Superconducting Magnets
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Careful design and maintenance required
• Appropriate stress applied • Must remain superconducting• Quench - Sudden loss of superconductivity in part of a coil
Superconducting Magnets
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Factors that cause quenching include:
• Mechanical disturbances (microcracks)• Electrical disturbances/ faults• Magnetic field strength/ rate of change• Defects in magnet
Magnets “trained” to withstand higher quenching currents by gradually increasing operating current (ramp)
Quenching
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Quenching
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Quench detection and diagnostic techniques:
• Strain gauges• Quench antenas• Coil voltage taps• Acoustic Emission sensors
Sensors trigger heat sink to the magnet to more evenly distribute heat from a quench
Quenching
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Acoustic Emission Sensor
Quenching in Superconducting Magnets
Data Acquisition and Results
Acoustic Emission (AE) Sensor
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Advantages of AE sensors:
• Comparable or faster signal detection (millisecond timescale)
• Isolated measurement system external to the magnet• Negligibly affected by magnetic fields• Inexpensive
How are they designed?
Acoustic Emission Sensor
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Engineering Design Process
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System Requirements
Design Schematic
Create Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
Design Electrical Casing
Hardware Testing
Functional Circuit
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Piezoelectric Ceramic5 mm Inner Diameter10 mm Outer Diameter
Transducer: converts mechanical stress into an electrical signal (voltage) and vice versa
Entire circuit is designed to optimize this signal
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AE Sensor
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Schematic
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Amplifies signal using MOSFET amplifying circuit
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Schematic
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Decouples power signal from AE signal and strengthens output signal
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Schematic
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Electrical Casing
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Electrical Casing (Junction Box)
• Maintains solid, reliable connections
• Protects circuit• Reduces defects over time
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Electrical Casing
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Acoustic Emission Quench Detection Sensors in Superconducting Magnets
Quenching in Superconducting Magnets
Data Acquisition and Results
Acoustic Emission (AE) Sensor
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Data collection of sensors in 1 dimension:
• 33 x 2 x 1 inch aluminum bar• AE sensors mechanically screwed in on both ends• Bar tapped with a hammer at various points
Data Acquisition
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1-dimensional source localization:
Time differenceVelocity of sound in bar AE source location
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• Velocity of sound in bar determined to be 1.989 km/s• Standard deviation: 2.34 cm• Standard error: 0.33 cm
1. Conduct 2 dimensional localization2. Improve sensor/experiment accuracy (COMSOL
simulation, more sensors)3. Test on prototype magnets
Results
Next Steps
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Questions?
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Collaborations / Partnerships / Members
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Appendix
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Circuit on Breadboard
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Cryo Amplifier PCB
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Coupling Box PCB
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Sample Data for 1-D AE localization
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MOSFET animation: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/FET-Ani.gif
Transducer animation: https://www.teachengineering.org/content/uoh_/lessons/uoh_piezo/uoh_piezo_lesson01_figure1.gif
Marchevsky, M., et al. “Acoustic Emission during Quench Training of Superconducting Accelerator Magnets.” Cryogenics, Science Direct, 31 Mar. 2015, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011227515000399.
References
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