Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) 1911 Manchu Dynasty Sun Yat-sen becomes president Hopes to establish...
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Transcript of Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) 1911 Manchu Dynasty Sun Yat-sen becomes president Hopes to establish...
Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925)
1911 Manchu DynastySun Yat-sen becomes presidentHopes to establish govt. based on the three principles of the people.
1. Nationalism
2. Democracy
3. People’s Livelihood
Overthrow of Manchu Dynasty (1644-1911)
Era of the Warlords (1916-1926)
Local concentrations of power emergemilitary leaders & local gentry take control of the provinces.
Warlord armies terrorize the countryside.
Millions of peasants die of famine & disease.
Peasants’ desire for land went unresolved; landless grew
World War I--Asia
Japan:
•Seeking a foothold in China
•1917-China aides allies vs.Germany
•1919 Treaty of Versailles:•Japan gains territory & privileges previously belonging to Germany in China.
•Result: May Fourth Movement
May Fourth Movement: May 4, 1919
students protest in Peking.
slogan: ‘Down with the Imperialists’
1. Spreads to other cities
becomes a nationalist movement:
2. Nationalism & anti-imperialist sentiment grow.
May Fourth Movement: May 4, 1919
Outcome:Create broad based coalition.
Force release of imprisoned studentsdismissal of Japanese officials from govt.reformers turn against Sun Yat-sen’s belief in western democracy.
Mao Tse-tung
Rise of Marxism & Formation of the CCP
Marxism:Seen as a method to vitalize Chinese peasantry.
Gains acceptance in wake of industrialization.
Capitalism seen as cause of foreign exploitation & aggression.
1921—CCP formed
KMT and CCP Alliance
Sun Yat-sen organizes the KMT along Bolsheviks lines
1923—Lenin sends military advisors & equipment in return for allowing the CCP to join forces with the KMT.
Chiang Kai-shek
Break-up of KMT and CCP
1925
Chiang Kai-shek emerges as KMT leader
KMT & CCP forces successfully defeat the Warlords.
1927—Chiang fears CCP and its leaders.
KMT troops overrun Shanghai
Execute CCP leaders & union members.
“Purges” spread to other cities.
Surviving CCP leaders go into hiding.
Nationalist Republic of China (1928-37)
Chiang Kai-shek becomes President.U.S. & Britain recognizes KMT government
Government becomes dictatorial and corrupt.
•Focuses on modernizing & developing cities.
•Ignores the peasants—life does not improve
Mao Tse-tung and the Peasants
Recognizes potential.
Organizing soviets to train peasants
Divides CCP land amongst peasants
Wins their loyalty
Civil War--1930Red Army is a Well trained guerilla army.
1933—700,000 KMT soldiers surround CCP’s stronghold.
•CCP outnumbered 6 to 1.
1934--CCP forces flee for their lives.
The Long March 1934-35
WW II begins in ASIA
1937 Japan launches all out invasion of China.
Japanese threat forces a KMT & CCP truce.
CCP under Mao mobilize peasants for guerilla war against Japan
1942-45 Chiang Kai-shek gathers 2.5 million soldiersReceived 1.5 billion in U.S. money & equipment to fight Japan.
Japan defeated in 1945.
1945—CCP controls No. China & KMT Controls So. China.
Chiang Kai-shek with FDR & Winston Churchill
Civil War 1946-49
KMT outnumbers CCP
KMT can’t muster popular support
China’s economy collapses
Thousands of KMT soldiers desert
Chiang receives 2.5 billion more in U.S. aid
Mao Zedong Proclaiming the
People’s Republic of China
1949 Mao’s Red Army takes over China’s Major Cities.
Mao gains control of the country
Chiang Kai-shek & KMT leaders flee to Taiwan
Credits
Beck, Roger B. et al. Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction.Boston: McDougal Littell. 1999.
Craig, Albert M. et al. The Heritage of Western CivilizationsNew Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 2000.
No Author Given. Chinese Photo Gallery. http://www.chinese-gifts.com.hk/index.htm
No Author Given. China. Compton’s Encyclopedia Onlinehttp://www.comptons.com/encyclopedia/ARTICLES/0025/00397568_A.html