Sulawesi and Halmahera, Indonesia

24th July – 13th August 2016

Leader: Mike Nelson and Carlos Bocos

Participants: Simon Allen, Kevin & Lizzie Dodd, Steve Lowe, John Regan, Derrick Wilby

Moluccan Scrubfowl © Mike Nelson / Birdtour Asia

The two four pronged islands of Sulawesi and Halmahera are packed with endemics and regional endemics so are a must for all birders. This year’s tour amassed an impressive haul of these birds including some megas like Minahasa Masked Owl and Stout-billed Cuckooshrike. We started in the south part of Sulawesi in the Lompobattang Mountains to pick up the Lompobattang Flycatcher and the limestone area of Kaerenta for the localized Sulawesi Streaked Flycatcher. We then traveled to the famed Lore Lindu National Park for another suite of endemics like Diabolical Nightjar, Great Shortwing and Maroon-backed Whistler. Some time was spent next in the central Minahasa Peninsula that gave us the iconic Maleo plus other stars like the newly split Sulawesi Pitta and colourful Green-backed Kingfisher. Matinan Flycatcher was another localized flycatcher

named after the mountains it inhabits, before a short flight over to Halmahera for a decidedly more Australasian feel with a nice collection of imperial pigeons and fruit doves, displaying Wallace’s Standardwing, huge Ivory-breasted Pitta and colourful Blyth’s Hornbills. Night birding was also rewarding with Halmahera Boobook, Moluccan Scops Owl; also found on a day roost, and Moluccan Owlet-Nightjar, the only owlet-nightjar west of New Guinea. A return trip to Sulawesi to cover the north east of the island with a short stay at Tangkoko netted us some more night birds, but all on day roosts with Ochre-bellied Boobook, Sulawesi Nightjar, Sulawesi Scops Owl and an unexpected Minahasa Masked Owl. Though weather was a bit trying with several bouts of rain we also enjoyed some pristine days which helped towards a list of 114 Sulawesi and Halmahera endemics. We began in the foothills of the Lompobattang range early our first morning for a hike up to the remaining primary forest in search of Lompobattang Flycatcher, this was made a little frustrating by the huge numbers of Snowy-browed Flycatchers bombing around but eventually we tracked down a nice pair of these orange-breasted flycatchers in a vine tangle for some nice views. Also common in the area was the newly split Lompobattang Leaf Warbler which was common while the local race of Hylocitrea here has far more yellow in the female plumage and a richer yellow than its northern counterparts so finding one was appreciated. Other goodies we picked up here were a couple of pairs of Sulawesi Thrush, Spot-tailed Goshawk, Black-ringed White-eye and Streak-headed Dark-eye and the hike up was filled with vocal Piping Crows. We returned to Makassar for the afternoon in preparation for a foray into the Limestone area around Kaerenta the following morning. Here we picked up both Yellow-sided and Grey-sided Flowerpeckers, several more Piping Crows, the local subspecies of Sulawesi Dwarf Hornbill, Pale-blue Monarch, Sulawesi Babbler and the recently described Sulawesi Streaked Flycatcher put in an appearance quite high up. We watch a pair for a while foraging and showing quite well from time to time. We also had an appearance from a pair of Moor Macaques, a very range-restricted primate.

Lompobattang Flycatcher and Sulawesi Dwarf Hornbill A short flight to Palu and a drive south-east placed us in one of Asia’s top birding spots, Lore Lindu National Park. The forests here have a primordial feel with lichen draped trees and a spongy-moss covered forest floor in which some of the region’s most sought after denizens reside. Four days here gave us a suite of fantastic birds and though intermittent rain hampered our efforts we still came away with many of the local specialties like Sulawesi Myzomela, Pygmy Cuckooshrike, Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher, Lesser Myza, Citrine Lorikeet, Sulawesi Hawk-Eagle, Malia, Blue-fronted Flycatcher and Cerulean Cuckooshrike. Several star birds showed really well with an amazing performance from Great Shortwing almost at our feet, the species is often a serious skulker but we managed some brilliant views in the early morning light as it did a few circles around us. Another of Lore Lindu’s famous residents were two pairs of cryptic patterned Satanic Nightjars seen on day roosts. Though only feet from us one evening, a pair of Maroon-backed Whistlers were about to cross our paths when the rain ended proceedings, only for us to track one down the next day quietly feeding at the edge of a mixed flock. Night-birding was rewarding with great views one early morning of Cinnabar Boobook perched above us doing its throaty call and a screaming Sulawesi Masked Owl a huge tyto that gave an impressive show as it hawked over the fields of rice at dusk before coming close on silent, rounded wings before landing on a nearby dead tree. Another night time creature we discovered while trying to find some owls was a cute Diana’s Tarsier. Having caught the movement above us we were expecting an owl only to see two huge eyes and ears surrounded by brown fur looking down at us. This species, so rarely recorded, is only found in Central Sulawesi, and a welcome addition to our mammal list. Incredibly frustratingly, the Army would not allow us higher up the Anaso track due to some local ‘unrest’, giving us no chance of a handful of important birds.

Our return journey to Palu took us through some agricultural fields and stunted scrubby habitat where we found Pale-headed Munias in droves moving through the cornfield and short grasses around us. Another stop in some very open scrub enabled us to find several Savanna Nightjars on day roost and White-shouldered Triller. Our other target was a lot more elusive in the tiny form of Red-backed Buttonquail. After searching under many small shrubs the rain began to fall and we feared we might be out of luck. One thing the rain did do was bring out the nightjars which began to call and fly around us in the gathering gloom. It was then that we flushed a tiny buttonquail from under one bush and it scurried under another close by. Positioning ourselves on one side of the bush we waited as it cleared the vegetation in front of us from some nice views before it scampered off across some grass stubble towards another larger bush. With good looks obtained we retreated from the rain back to our vehicles, soaked but satisfied. From here we headed north to the Minahasa Peninsula for a four-day stint with stops at several spots for some of Sulawesi’s most desired birds. A couple of mornings spent at Tambun finally gave us good views of the impressive Maleo. A strange bird to see perched up in a tree with its topknot appearance but welcomed none the less. Roadside birding here also gave us Sulawesi and Pygmy Hanging Parrots, Sulawesi Triller and Sulawesi Crested Myna. The rain had swelled a river so crossing was not an option which foiled our plans one day but with a lack of overnight rain the waters had subsided by the next day which enabled us to get across on some well-constructed bamboo rafts, for great views of Pied Cuckooshrike, Sulawesi Lilac Kingfisher, Yellow-breasted Racket-tail, a flypast Lesser Fish Eagle and Spotted Harrier. Some forest birding gave us a couple of shots at Sulawesi Pitta, Black-billed Koel, Bay Coucal and Red-backed Thrush along with lovely sunlit views of Green-backed Kingfisher and some wet trailside birding had us sneak up on a Sulawesi Dwarf Kingfisher which was a surprise here. Several fruiting trees along the road side gave us some wonderful views of Knobbed Hornbill with one tree holding an amazing assemblage of ten pairs coming and going in a riot of colors. The fruiting trees also attracted several White-bellied, Grey-headed and Green Imperial Pigeons. Night birding here on several occasions gave us Speckled Boobook, Sulawesi Scops Owl, Great Eared-Nightjar and several more screaming Sulawesi Masked Owls. A mammalian highlight here was along the road while we were birding we discovered a Bear Cuscus feeding close by and watched for a while as it lumbered through the canopy staring at us before climbing into some deep foliage.

Green-backed Kingfisher and Sulawesi Lilac Kingfisher Our final morning had us hiking up early along the trail at Gunung Ambang. Very brief views of Cinnabar Boobook kicked off the day and once into the right area we tracked down a pair of Matinan Flycatchers, whose voice far exceeds its plumage. Another vocalization that had us tantalizingly close were two Sombre Pigeons that responded to each other nicely but remained well hidden in one of the tallest trees in the area. A nice noisy flock of Malia gave us the local Minahasa subspecies recondita and several singing Sulawesi Leaf Warblers before we made our way back and on to Manado for the night. The next morning we took a flight to our next exciting destination – the island of Halmahera – and though we had a long drive we made some nice birding stops along the way for some crisply clean white-headed Beach Kingfishers in the mangroves was a welcome respite. Another spot along the mountains gave us great views of Gurney’s Eagle and a Pygmy Eagle head on into the wind that made seem as if it was hovering, so much so we even scoped it for some excellent views. Further afternoon birding gave us several Moluccan Swiftlets hawking for insects over a small lake before finally arrived at the well-appointed Weda Resort. The hospitality, food and wonderful birding in this fantastic location always make for a brilliant stay. After a scrumptious dinner we set out for a bit of night birding with the star Moluccan Owlet-Nightjar showing particularly well and soon after we

had another local resident in our one eyed Moluccan Scops Owl. We’re not sure how it damaged its right eye but this bird has been a staple here for years. The next three days we spent birding the surrounds of Weda in both open and closed forest, roadside and mountain birding. The forests here are considerably different from neighboring Sulawesi with more limestone substrate with interspersed rolling hills and some thick understory as well as fantastic forest patches. The star attraction here is of course the Wallace’s Standardwing lek and it didn’t disappoint. Our first morning was spent here and we had lovely views of males doing parachute flights and making a huge racket while waving around the four standards they are named for. We all stood just meters away in the forest as the birds performed just above us where we could hear the rustling of feathers as each posed and postured to attract one of the females. As the light gathered we were able to make out the remarkable jade sheen to the males’ frontal breast shield and its bright white standards as they jostled for positon in the trees around us. Each bird having sought out the best display perch from which to perform, would parade his finery in hopes of being selected by one of the females. Once selected the female would sidle down the branch towards the male and quickly ruffle her wings and signal the male she had chosen him. All this only twenty minutes from the road! Sir Alfred Russell Wallace, whom the bird is named after, postulated a similar theory of evolution to Darwin’s after visiting the islands east of what is now called Wallace’s line. He noticed how different the fauna was on either side the line. He felt the Standardwing to be one of his best discoveries. Once we’d taken in this spectacle we then located two very contrasting Whistlers in the bright yellow Black-chinned and the aptly named, 50 shades of grey, Drab, but when you’ve got a voice like that who cares. A hike along a Creekside trail gave us nice views of a juvenile Variable Dwarf Kingfisher and once the trail came out of the forest we did some further roadside birding before lunch which netted us a fantastic Purple Dollarbird scoped from the road, with a conveniently placed Common Dollarbird for some nice comparison views. A fine selection of pigeons and doves were seen during our stay with Scarlet-breasted, Superb, Blue-capped and Grey-headed Fruit Dove, a wonderful Great Cuckoo-Dove doing circles around us, a lovely pair of Moluccan Imperial Pigeons, Cinnamon-bellied Imperial Pigeon and yellowish tinged Pied Imperial Pigeons all showed well.

Sombre Kingfisher and Wallace’s Standardwing Ivory-breasted Pittas were very vocal as usual but reluctant to show though we all managed views of the bird and while searching for this bird we spooked the huge aptly named Goliath Coucal whose ungainly flight and efforts to weave through the vine tangle it had chosen made it show well. The newly split Moluccan Pitta also showed well but also took some tracking down. Kingfishers performed well here with both endemic Blue-and-White and Sombre by the roadside. An adult Variable Dwarf Kingfisher, a Common Paradise Kingfisher that landed right in front of us quickly disappeared into the forest to join its mate. Parrots are a feature here and gaudy Violet-necked Lory showed particularly well next to the road, noisy Umbrella Cockatoo, flocks of chirping Red-flanked Lorikeet, Moluccan Hanging Parrot and a few Chattering Lories were all seen. We again ventured along a forest path with steep sides following a shallow, clear creek. It was getting close to dusk when we finally tracked down our target, as we came around the corner of the trail there was a Nicobar Pigeon sitting in the middle of the track. Quickly we ducked back behind the corner and singly poked our heads round but it had gone. Stealthily we crept up the track to the next corner where it flushed up off the track and landed wings still fluttering as it tried to gain a foothold up an angled tree that had fallen to the left of the track. This made it quite obvious to those behind of its location and we all ended up with great views of it.

A similar situation occurred with Dusky Megapode as we heard two calling quite close and though we waited for them to cross the opposite bank from us they never did. We had heard a third bird calling behind us but figured it had gone too. We slowly edged our way back the way we’d come when the third bird erupted from the leafy undergrowth next to us and landed plum in front of us through a nice window. Amazingly the bird perched here for ages looking down at us and we were able to silently make our way up close for some great views and photos. Cuckooshrikes are another feature of this tour and at Weda we picked up Moluccan, White-bellied, Halmahera, Common Cicadabird and Rufous-bellied Triller but it was our morning in the mountains that yielded the best one with a pair of massive Stout-billed Cuckooshrikes mixed in with several Halmahera Cuckooshrikes. Just four previous records of this bird exist from Halmahera so it was nice to find it here. The mountains here also gave us North Moluccan Leaf Warbler, striking Moluccan King Parrot, and several noisy Paradise-Crows, and Gilolo Fantail which is newly split from Rufous Fantail. Another noisy inhabitant up here was a Moluccan Goshawk which though vocal only showed itself briefly on a couple of occasions before remaining hidden down in the forest below us.

Sulawesi Scops Owl and Minahasa Masked Owl Sadly, it was time to departed Weda and began our drive north which gave us great looks at Gurney’s Eagle perched but there was little else in the heat of the day. Once we arrived at our destination on the north of the island we took some boats to a sandy shoreline and began our search after nightfall for Moluccan Scrubfowls that come down to lay eggs here. We moved silently under a star filled sky with only the sound of the waves crashing against the far shoreline. Behind us the dark shadow of the volcano, clad with thick forest, where the Scrubfowl live loomed out of the dark surrounds set off against a brighter sky. We soon located a bird that flushed before we could get close enough to get good views. A further two showed closer but also left for the forests before we were able to find a more sedate individual that allowed very close approach and we all stood amazed with how close we able to get and pick out the amazing plumage of this bird for minutes before it moved a bit then rose on noisy wings into the darkness of the night and was gone. Thrilled to get such good looks we made our way back to the boats for the crossing back to the mainland and our waiting vehicles. As we left we could see a huge ash cloud rising from a nearby volcano and feared we may be grounded but we made our early flight that took us back to Sulawesi to spend three days exploring Tangkoko and Gunung Mahawu. The forests at Tangkoko are home to some fantastic species most of which we’d tracked down elsewhere which made things easier for us here. Our first target was the vocal Sulawesi Black Pigeon that showed well and were scoped for some fine views. Purple-winged Roller called then showed itself on a nice perch for us all to enjoy. It was then off into the forest for our next target, a lovely pair of day roosting Ochre-bellied Boobooks. Another day roosting night-bird was Sulawesi Nightjar that we eventually tracked down and four Sulawesi Scops Owls were also found on a day roost. Tabon Scrubfowl lurked in the leaf litter and loads of pigeons were around here as well with Silver-tipped Imperial Pigeon showing well and we managed particularly good views of Black-naped Fruit Dove. At one point a massive troop of Sulawesi Crested Macaques were along the main track feeding quietly when another rival troop approached through the forest unseen and barked their displeasure quite close. This sent the local troop tearing off into the forest leaving a cloud of flying leaves in their wake. Another mammalian highlight are the Spectral Tarsiers that inhabit the park and we found a lovely pair at the entrance to their tree hole home staring out at us with huge eyes. One of the high points was tracking down a near mythical night bird, the Minahasa Masked Owl. We located the roosting tree before dusk and hung back quietly and waited. It was near total dark when it dropped out of its

roost and disappeared into the forest. So quick was its departure that most of us had missed it and no amount of creeping around could locate it. We tried again the next day around midday and it was back in its roost. We all sidled in for a quick look then retreated back into the forest leaving it to rest for the remainder of the day. We also spent one afternoon along a river that traverses a mangrove forest. Before we’d even gotten into our boats we were looking at a Great-billed Kingfisher. One target down, we piled into two boats and began to make our way down river. A calling Ruddy Kingfisher came close then crossed in front of us then back again through the afternoon sunlight showing really well. As we came around a bend in the river we came upon a huge Great-billed Heron that soon took flight but not before we’d all obtained great looks at it. Further good looks at Great-billed Kingfisher were had with a nice pair waiting patiently for us as we passed by for some nice photos. Eventually we tracked down our last target with some calling White-rumped Cuckooshrikes that flew back and forth between trees giving us some good looks. A final morning on Gunung Mahawu gave us great looks at Isabelline Bush-hen along the roadside and Buff-banded and Barred Rails in the surrounding agriculture before we returned to Manado and the end of a successful tour, racking up 261 species of which six were heard only. Bird-of-the-tour:

1. Moluccan Scrubfowl 2. Wallace’s Standardwing 3. Maleo 4. Minahasa Masked Owl 5. Knobbed Hornbill

Lompobattang Leaf Warbler and Spot-tailed Goshawk

Cinnabar Boobook and Satanic Nightjar

Lesser Myza and Knobbed Hornbill

Great Shortwing and Pale-headed Munia

White-necked Myna and White-bellied Imperial Pigeon

Sulawesi Masked Owl and Matinan Warbling-flycatcher

Cinnamon-bellied Imperial Pigeon and Moluccan Scops Owl

Moluccan Owlet-Nightjar and Halmahera Boobook

Blyth’s Hornbill and Dusky Megapode

Umbrella Cockatoo and Moluccan King Parrot

Great-billed Kingfisher and White-rumped Cuckooshrike

Red-backed Thrush and White-faced Cuckoo Dove

Sulawesi Crested Macaque and Dian’s Tarsier

Bear Cuscus and ‘Tangkoko Tarsier’

Systematic List

ANATIDAE: Ducks, Swans and Geese Wandering Whistling Duck Dendrocygna arcuata arcuata Sunda Teal Anas gibberifrons Pacific Black Duck Anas superciliosa MEGAPODIDAE: Megapodes Tabon Scrubfowl Megapodius cumingii gilbertii Dusky Scrubfowl Megapodius freycinet Moluccan Scrubfowl Eulipoa wallacei Maleo Macrocephalon maleo PHASIANIDAE: Pheasants and allies Blue-breasted Quail Coturnix chinensis lineata PODICIPEDIDAE: Grebes Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis ARDEIDAE: Herons Great-billed Heron Ardea sumatrana Purple Heron Ardea purpurea 'Eastern' Great Egret Ardea alba modestus Intermediate Egret Mesophoyx intermedia Little Egret Egretta garzetta Pacific Reef Egret Egretta sacra Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis coromandus Javan Pond Heron Ardeola speciosa Striated Heron Butorides striatus javanicus Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Rufous Night Heron Nycticorax caledonicus hilli Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis flavicollis ACCIPITRIDAE: Pandionidae Osprey Pandion haliaetus cristatus ACCIPITRIDAE: Hawks, Eagles and Allies Pacific Baza Aviceda subcristata rufa Sulawesi Honey Buzzard Pernis celebensis Black Kite Milvus lineatus affinis Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus White-bellied Sea Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster Lesser Fish Eagle Ichthyophaga humilis humilis Sulawesi Serpent Eagle Spilornis rufipectus rufipectus Spotted Harrier Circus assimilis Sulawesi Goshawk Accipiter griseiceps Spot-tailed Goshawk Accipiter trinotatus Grey-throated Goshawk Accipiter [novaehollandiae] griseogularis Moluccan Goshawk Accipiter henicogrammus Black Eagle Ictinaetus malayensis malayensis

Gurney's Eagle Aquila gurneyi Pygmy Eagle Hieraaetus [morphnoides] weiskei Sulawesi Hawk Eagle Nisaetus lanceolatus

RALLIDAE: Rails Buff-banded Rail Gallirallus philippensis Barred Rail Gallirallus torquatus celebensis White-browed Crake Porzana cinerea Rufous-tailed Bush-hen Amaurornis moluccanus Isabelline Bush-hen Amaurornis isabellinus White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus leucomelanus Dusky Moorhen Gallinula tenebrosa frontata Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus orientalis Black-backed Swamphen Porphyrio [porphyrio] indicus TURNICIDAE: Buttonquails Red-backed Buttonquail Turnix maculosa Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator rufilata ROSTRATULIDAE: Painted Snipes Greater Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis benghalensis SCOLOPACIDAE: Sandpipers, Snipes and Allies Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus variegatus Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos COLUMBIDAE: Pigeons and Doves Red Collared Dove Streptopelia tranquebarica Introduced

Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis tigrina Sulawesi Cuckoo Dove Macropygia albicapilla albicapilla Sultan’s Cuckoo Dove Macropygia doreya albiceps Great Cuckoo Dove Reinwardtoena reinwardtii Sulawesi Black Pigeon Turacoena manadensis Common Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica Stephan's Dove Chalcophaps stephani wallacei Zebra Dove Geopelia striata Heard only

Nicobar Pigeon Caloenas nicobarica Pink-necked Green Pigeon Treron vernans Grey-cheeked Green Pigeon Treron griseicauda griseicauda Red-eared Fruit Dove Ptilinopus fischeri centralis Oberholser’s Fruit Dove Ptilinopus [subgularis] epius Heard only

Scarlet-breasted Fruit Dove Ptilinopus bernsteinii Superb Fruit Dove Ptilinopus superbus temminckii Ptilinopus superbus superbus Blue-capped Fruit Dove Ptilinopus monacha Grey-headed Fruit Dove Ptilinopus hyogaster Black-naped Fruit Dove Ptilinopus melanospila melanospila White-bellied Imperial Pigeon Ducula forsteni Grey-headed Imperial Pigeon Ducula radiata Green Imperial Pigeon Ducula aenea paulina

Moluccan Imperial Pigeon Ducula perspicillata Cinnamon-bellied Imperial Pigeon Ducula basilica basilica Pied Imperial Pigeon Ducula bicolor bicolor Ducula bicolor melanura Silver-tipped Imperial Pigeon Ducula luctuosa Sombre Pigeon Cryptophaps poecilorrhoa Heard only

CUCULIDAE: Old world Cuckoos and Allies Sulawesi Cuckoo Cuculus crassirostris Heard only

Sulawesi Brush Cuckoo Cacomantis virescens Australian Brush Cuckoo Cacomantis variolosus infaustus Little Bronze Cuckoo Chrysococcyx minutillus jungei Heard only

Black-billed Koel Eudynamys melanorhyncha Channel-billed Cuckoo Scythrops novaehollandiae Yellow-billed Malkoha Phaenicophaeus calyorhynchus calyorhynchus CENTROPODIDAE: Coucals Goliath Coucal Centropus goliath Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis javanicus Bay Coucal Centropus celebensis celebensis TYTONIDAE: Barn Owls and Masked Owls Sulawesi Masked Owl Tyto rosenbergii rosenbergii Minahasa Masked Owl Tyto inexspectata STRIGIDAE: Typical Owls Sulawesi Scops Owl Otus manadensis Moluccan Scops Owl Otus magicus leucospilus Cinnabar Boobook Ninox ios ios Ninox ios [ssp. Lore Lindu] Ochre-bellied Boobook Ninox ochracea Halmahera Boobook Ninox hypogramma Speckled Boobook Ninox punctulata CAPRIMULGIDAE: Nightjars Diabolical Nightjar Eurostopodus diabolicus Great Eared Nightjar Eurostopodus macrotis macropterus Large-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus macrurus schlegelii Sulawesi Nightjar Caprimulgus celebensis celebensis Savanna Nightjar Caprimulgus affinis propinquus AEGOTHELIDAE: Owlet-nightjars Moluccan Owlet-Nightjar Aegotheles crinifrons HEMIPROCNIDAE: Treeswifts Grey-rumped Treeswift Hemiprocne longipennis wallacii Moustached Treeswift Hemiprocne mystacea confirmata APODIDAE: Swifts and Swiftlets Uniform Swiftlet Aerodramus vanikorensis aenigma Aerodramus vanikorensis waigeuensis Halmahera Swiftlet Aerodramus infuscata

Sulawesi Swiftlet Aerodramus sororum Glossy Swiftlet Aerodramus esculenta manadensis Aerodramus esculenta esculenta Aerodramus esculenta spilura Purple Needletail Hirundapus celebensis House Swift Apus nipalensis nipalensis Asian Palm Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis CORACIIDAE: Rollers Sulawesi Roller Coracias temminckii Common Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis orientalis Azure Dollarbird Eurystomus azureus HALCYONIDAE: Wood Kingfishers Green-backed Kingfisher Actenoides monachus monachus Common Paradise Kingfisher Tanysiptera galatea browningi Sulawesi Lilac Kingfisher Cittura cyanotis Great-billed Kingfisher Pelargopsis melanorhyncha melanorhyncha Ruddy Kingfisher Halcyon coromanda rufa Blue-and-white Kingfisher Halcyon diops Sombre Kingfisher Halcyon funebris Collared Kingfisher Todiramphus chloris chloris Beach Kingfisher Halcyon saurophaga Sacred Kingfisher Todiramphus sanctus Sulawesi Dwarf Kingfisher Ceyx fallax fallax Variable Dwarf Kingfisher Ceyx lepidus uropygialis Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis hispidoides MEROPIDAE: Bee-eaters Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus BUCEROTIDAE: Hornbills Sulawesi Dwarf Hornbill Penelopides exarhatus exarhatus Penelopides exarhatus sanfordi Knobbed Hornbill Aceros cassidix Blyth's Hornbill Rhyticeros plicatus PICIDAE: Woodpeckers Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker Dendrocopos temminckii Ashy Woodpecker Mullueripicus fulvus fulvus Mullueripicus fulvus wallacei FALCONIDAE: Falcons and Allies Spotted Kestrel Falco moluccensis moluccensis Falco moluccensis microbalia Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus ernesti PSITTACIDAE: Parrots, Lories and Cockatoos Violet-necked Lory Eos squamata riciniata Ornate Lorikeet Trichoglossus ornatus Yellow-and-green Lorikeet Trichoglossus flavoviridis meyeri Chattering Lory Lorius garrulus garrulus

Red-flanked Lorikeet Charmosyna placentis intensior Umbrella Cockatoo Cacatua alba Eclectus Parrot Elclectus roratus vosmaeri Red-cheeked Parrot Geoffroyus geoffroyi cyanicollis Minahasa Racquet-tail Prioniturus flavicans Sulawesi Racquet-tail Prioniturus platurus Blue-backed Parrot Tanygnathus sumatranus sumatranus Great-billed Parrot Tanygnathus megalorynchos megalorynchos Moluccan King Parrot Alisterus amboinensis hypophonius Sulawesi Hanging Parrot Loriculus stigmatus Moluccan Hanging Parrot Loriculus amabilis amabilis Pygmy Hanging Parrot Loriculus exilis PITTIDAE: Pitta ‘Sulawesi’ Red-bellied Pitta Pitta [erythrogaster] celebensis ‘Moluccan’ Red-bellied Pitta Pitta [erythrogaster] rufiventris Ivory-breasted Pitta Pitta maxima maxima MELIPHAGIDAE: Honeyeaters Halmahera Friarbird Melitograis gilolensis Dusky Myzomela Myzomela obscura simplex Sulawesi Myzomela Myzomela chloroptera juga Lesser Myza Myza celebensis celebensis PARDALOTIDAE: Australian Warblers and Allies Golden-bellied Gerygone Gerygone sulphurea flaveola ARTAMIDAE: Woodswallows and Allies White-breasted Woodswallow Artamus leucorynchus albiventer Artamus leucorynchus leucopygialis Ivory-backed Woodswallow Artamus monachus CAMPEPHAGIDAE: Cuckooshrikes, Trillers and

Minivets Moluccan Cuckooshrike Coracina fortis magnirostris Stout-billed Cuckooshrike Coracina caeruleogrisea Cerulean Cuckooshrike Coracina temminckii temminckii Coracina temminckii rileyi Pied Cuckooshrike Coracina bicolor White-rumped Cuckooshrike Coracina leucopygia White-bellied Cuckooshrike Coracina papuensis Halmahera Cuckooshrike Coracina parvula Mountain Cicadabird Lalage abbotti Wallacean Cicadabird Lalage amboinensis grayi Sulawesi Cicadabird Lalage morio morio Sulawesi Triller Lalage leucopygialis White-shouldered Triller Lalage sueurii Rufous-bellied Triller Lalage aurea PACHYCEPHALIDAE: Whistlers Maroon-backed Whistler Coracornis raveni Yellow-vented Whistler Pachycephala sulfuriventer

Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis mentalis Drab Whistler Pachycephala griseonota cinerascens ORIOLIDAE: Old World Orioles Halmahera Oriole Oriolus phaeochromus Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis celebensis DICRURIDAE: Drongos Sulawesi Spangled Drongo Dicrurus montanus Halmahera Spangled Drongo Dicrurus bracteatus atrocaeruleus White-eyed Spangled Drongo Dicrurus hottentotus leucops RHIPIDURIDAE: Fantails Willie Fantail Rhipidura leucophrys melaleuca Rusty-bellied Fantail Rhipidura teysmanni toradja Rhipidura teysmanni teysmanni Gilolo Fantail Rhipidura torrida MONARCHIDAE: Monarch Flycatchers Pale-blue Monarch Hypothymis puella White-naped Monarch Monarcha pileatus pileatus Wallacean Monarch Monarcha [trivirgatus] bimaculatus Moluccan Monarch Myiagra galeata galeata Shining Monarch Piezorhynchus alecto alecto CORVIDAE: Crows Sulawesi Crow Corvus [enca] celebensis Piping Crow Corvus typicus Long-billed Crow Corvus validus PARADISAEIDAE: Birds of Paradise Halmahera Paradise Crow Lycocorax pyrrhopterus pyrrhopterus Wallace's Standardwing Semioptera wallacei halmaherae HYLOCITREIDAE: Hylocitrea Hylocitrea Hylocitrea bonensis bonensis Hylocitrea bonensis bonthaina PETROICIDAE: Australian Robins Citrine Canary Flycatcher Culicicapa helianthea helianthea PYCNONOTIDAE: Bulbuls Sooty-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus aurigaster aurigaster Halmahera Golden Bulbul Alophoixus [longorostris] chloris Malia Malia grata stresemanni Malia grata recondita CETTIDAE: Cetti Warblers Mountain Leaftoiler Orthotomus cuculatus riedeli Orthotomus cuculatus stentor LOCUSTELLIDAE: Old World Warblers

Sulawesi Bush Warbler Locustella castaneus castaneus HIRUNDINIDAE: Swallows and Martins Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Pacific Swallow Hirundo tahitica PHYLLOSCOPIDAE: Leaf Warblers Lompobattang Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus sarasinorum Sulawesi Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus nesophilus North Moluccan Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus [poliocephalus] henrietta ACROCEPHALIDAE: Reed Warlers and allies Tawny Grassbird Megalurus timoriensis celebensis CISTICOLIDAE: African Warblers Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis constans Golden-headed Cisticola Cisticola exilis rustica TIMALIIDAE: Babblers Sulawesi Babbler Trichastoma celebense celebense Trichastoma celebense rufofuscum Trichastoma celebense finschi ZOSTEROPIDAE: White-eyes and Dark-eyes Mountain White-eye Zosterops montanus montanus Lemon-bellied White-eye Zosterops chloris intermedius Black-ringed White-eye Zosterops anomalus Halmahera White-eye Zosterops atriceps Black-fronted White-eye Zosterops atrifrons Sulawesi Heleia Heleia squamiceps striaticeps Heleia squamiceps squamiceps STURNIDAE: Starlings and Mynas Moluccan Starling Aplonis mysolensis mysolensis Short-tailed Starling Aplonis minor Asian Glossy Starling Aplonis panayensis panayensis Metallic Starling Aplonis metallica metallica Short-crested Myna Basilornis celebensis White-necked Myna Streptocitta albicollis albicollis Streptocitta albicollis torquata Fiery-browed Myna Enodes erythrophris Grosbeak Myna Scissirostrum dubium TURDIDAE: Thrushes and Chats Red-backed Thrush Geokichla erythronota Sulawesi Thrush Cataponera turdoides MUSCICAPIDAE: Old World Flycatchers Great Shortwing Heinrichia calligyna calligyna Grey-streaked Flycatcher Muscicapa griseisticta Sulawesi Streaked Flycatcher Muscicapa sodhii Turquiose Verditer Eumyias panayensis septentrionalis

Eumyias panayensis meridionalis Snowy-browed Flycatcher Ficedula hyperythra jugosae Lompobattang Flycatcher Ficedula bonthaina Little Pied Flycatcher Ficedula westermanni Blue-fronted Flycatcher Eumyias hoevelli Matinan Flycatcher Eumyias sanfordi Sulawesi Blue Flycatcher Cyornis [rufigastra] omissa Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata albonotata DICAEIDAE: Flowerpeckers Yellow-sided Flowerpecker Dicaeum aureolimbatum aureolimbatum Crimson-crowned Flowerpecker Dicaeum nehrkorni Halmahera Flowerpecker Dicaeum schistaceiceps Grey-sided Flowerpecker Dicaeum celebicum celebicum NECTARINIIDAE: Sunbirds Brown-throated Sunbird Anthreptes malacensis celebensis Black Sunbird Nectarinia aspasia grayi Nectarinia aspasia porphyrolaema Nectarinia aspasia auriceps Olive-backed Sunbird Nectarinia jugularis plateni Nectarinia jugularis frenata Crimson Sunbird Aethopyga siparaja flavostriata Aethopyga siparaja beccarii PASSERINAE: Sparrow Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus ESTRILDINAE: Estrildine Finches Black-faced Munia Lonchura molucca Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata particeps Black-headed Munia Lonchura atricipilla Pale-headed Munia Lonchura pallida Java Sparrow Lonchura oryzivora Introduced

FRINGILLIDAE: Typical Finches and Allies Mountain Serin Serinus estherae ssp. nov.

MAMMALS Bear Cuscus Ailurops ursinus Sulawesi Dwarf Squirrel Prosciurillus murinus Sulawesi Giant Squirrel Rubrisciurus rubiventer Dian's Tarsier Tarsius dianae Spectral Tarsier Tarsius spectrum Moor Macaque Macaca maura Sulawesi Crested Macaque Macaca nigra

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