Subject: Economics (Urdu Medium)DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION Govt. of N CT of Delhi, Delhi Government...
Transcript of Subject: Economics (Urdu Medium)DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION Govt. of N CT of Delhi, Delhi Government...
DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION
Govt. of N CT of Delhi, Delhi Government
SUPPORT MATERIAL
(2020-2021)
Class: XII
Subject: Economics
(Urdu Medium)
Under the Guidance of
Ms. Manisha Saxena
Secretary (Education)
Mr. Binay Bhushan
Director (Education)
Dr. Saroj Bala Sain
Addl. Director (School & Exam)
Coordinators
Ms. Mukta Soni Mr. Raj Kumar Mr. Krishan Kumar
DDE (Exam) OSD (Exam) OSD (Exam)
Production Team
Anil Kumar Sharma
Published at Delhi Bureau of Text Books, 25/2 Institutional Area, Pankha Road, New Delhi-110058 by Prabhjot Singh, Secretary, Delhi Bureau of Text Books and Printed by Supreme Offset Press, New Delhi-110017
(iii)
.
DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATIONGovt. of NCT of Delhi, Delhi Government
SUPPORT MATERIAL
(2020-2021)
Class : XII
Subject: Economics (Urdu Medium)
NOT FOR SALE
PUBLISHED BY : DELHI BUREAU OF TEXTBOOKS
.
Reviewing Team Members of Support Material
for Class XIIth (Economics): 2020-2021
Team Leader : Mr. Subedar Yadav (H.O.S./Vice Principal
G.B.S.S.S B (AH)-Block
Shalimar Delhi-110088
Members : 1. Mrs. Mamta Goswami
Lecturer (Ecomomics)
Govt. Co-ed. S.V.
Sector-4 Rohini- Delhi-110085
2. Mr. Shailendra Rai
Lecturer (Ecomomics)
R.P.V.V. Surajmal Vihar, Delhi
3. Mr. Saket Kumar
Lecturer (Ecomomics)
R.P.V.V. Sector 11, Rohini,
Delhi-110085
4. Satyendra P.P. Tripathi
Lecturer (Ecomomics)
G.B.S.S.S. Dhakka,
Delhi-110009
5. Mr. Saira Begum (U.M.)
Vice Principal / H.O.S.
G.G.S.S.S. Panama Building
Jama Masjid, Delhi-110006
(xi)
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(xiv)
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iÃ^…Í
Introductory Macro Economics
1- mçÞ8
¸òWæãZzgù¬] I1 ‰fÐm^…Òãß1ŸñÐÞÓ^l
z{çÙu¤/òì�7æ{ìÔX»fí{7g3YY‰<ÔZ›gßÔeZu}.â]z){ ì‚Ú^lV �
çâ]~ZâaZzZgÆZk{Ãë��XâŠ~q,)ZKâVÆfg)¯ðˆ(Zzg}.â] ]�n³^V �
ƒC�XÅÃð!*iZg7ƒCìXz{Z!òZâ�ZKãpZ÷]Ã7gZ™äÆa!*sy™g@Æfg)yh+~YC�X ‘^…Ênà]�n^V �
tz{Z!òZâ��aZzZg~æŠÇgƒC�ZzgWæã~ZŸ±ÆaZEwÅ ‰³†Ú³^mäÒ^…p]�n^V �
YC�Xz{Zâ�ZEwzÜsÆaŠø7[ƒC�ÔZyÅŠz!*g{Ð�Ûz|#7ÅYCX ]ìjj^Úo]�n^V �
tz{Zâ�XÅŠz!*g{Ð�Ûz|#ÅYCìXt',ZÓgZ„ZKã¢zgc*]Ã7gZ �…Ún³^Þ³oE•ÛßoD]�n^V �
7™'ÉZ!òZâÅaZzZg~æŠÇgƒC�XZq-ºmæ]~uât»g~ZâÆZ6u~ZŸ†ZÝ»g~B@*ìXZÐuât»g~Ì ]‘³ØÒ^…pV �
¹Y@*ìX¬xI^Y^ZzgZEwÅzzЇìZU*NVÅ7~¤/ZzÃ�ÛΊÏë�X ʆ‰ç�+oE+ãŠ^æHDV �
q-ºmæ]~uât»g~ZâÆfí}~ÀZŸ†ÔÀZÝ»g~BCìX ÒØ]‘ØÒ^…pV] �
:Zq-u~uât»g~Zâ~6uâtÅú{ØZÝ»g~B@*ìX ì^Ö“]‘ØÒ^…p �
{ØZÝ»g~ = ÀZÝ»g~ – �ÛΊÏ:uÆZ‡VÆŠgxyZâz}.â]Zzgig~WæãÆÚ·ƒÃWæã 'Ú‚ÞoÒo�]ñ†p…æ]Þo �
ÅŠZ],~gzZã¹Y@*ìXZkÅâΊZ],~ƒCìYèZk»Ãð:ÂZ’ZðZzg:„Z!òƒ@*ìX:fí{Zq-Z+lZgì�Ëz‰Üƺm`6,**8YCìX‰òŠzª ƒìn†åE]‰9^ÕD �
·îZq-Z+lZgì&Zq-æ]ÆŠzgZy**0*Y@*ìX‰òWæãÔfí{~p~z){ e`^¨V �
1 Economics-XII
:tÓ#ÖÆfg)Z¾Zx”{Zzg'Z5ðuìT~ßvÔZâZzguât»·îWiZŠZ:îg6, ڳó³^�³ou‚ �
Ѓ@*ìXÚÃ^�ou‚Ò^¡Îä �
(ÏÔ«g~ZzgƒZðuzŠ (i)
Ûzy~}\g]{äÔ»gz!*g~\g]{ä¯YHz){X (ii)
˜iZzgƒZð˜i�Šz´ÆÖ@!*bgŸq~Ð`ñYD�X (iii)
TñäÅVVÔ%z’ï%zZá˜iZzg¾äzZáPÃgx�Š÷Æ!*°zVÆ (iv)
fg)`ñYD�XËo»¬x!*°{Zk¿c*Ãâ**Y@*ìTÆçÙ£tQkoÅuzŠÐzZh ³^Ýe^�ß‚cV �
ƒV˜Vz{gLìX:Zq-a»g~Z»ðÆfg)Zq-3M‚wÆŠzgZyaZňZâZzg}.â]Å!*iZgÅ µn³‚]æ]…Ò³oÎnÛk �
7ÃaZzZgÅ7ë�X:aZzZgÆz‚b)œÔi}ÔuâtZzg»gZ0+Zi{(Æfg)aZzg~¿~Š~ˆ}.â] ³ç]Ú³Ø'Ú³‚Þo �
ÐqÝWæãúZïWæãBCìX‰9Z{Ô'׊zg~Ô™ZtÔΊz){:tZ+ZŠZœV�XÆ$+á~¼7MìX¯ËaZzZg~}.â]ÆqÝ Ú³ßj³Ï³×³³o]�]ñn,³o �
WæãX‰),gÍVÃSÔLÔzª`z){:uâ5ZU*NVZzgâàZU*NVÅ7~ZŸ†�z‰Ü¦/gäÆ‚Bƒ@*ìXtyh+ ‰³†Ú^mäÒ^…pÚß^ÊÄ �
7Ðic*Š{7ƒCìXtZU*NVÅ�Ûz|#Æz‰Üq݃@*ìX:œfgZùÆfg)aZzZg~¿~Š~ˆ}.â]ÆaňZŠZ5)½Zc*Zâ(à ڳ³v³ßj³^Þ³³ä 5i}» �
5i}»Q:ë�XZk~9Z{Ô'׊zg~Ô1÷Ã�áïHY@*ìX:aZzZg~¿~œÆa5i}ÃQ:Š¶Æˆ� ÂÛ؉1‡]ñ‚e3^aç]E'µ†m9ß-‰†µ×‹D �
g¶�ìXt™ZtÔΊZzgœ»ù·ìX+ã†m×çÚrÛçÂ^l
:(Zq-oÅuzŠ~Zq-‚wÆŠzgZyZq-aZzZg~Z»ðÆ GDPMP !*iZg76,ÀywaZzZg) �
ë�X GDPMP fg)aZÅÓxZ!òZâZzg}.â]Å!*iZgÅ7ÃaZzZgÅ7=�Ûz|#ÅlZg<!*iZg7+Z6u~p~
NDPMP !*iZg76,,M){Ø(¸òaZzZg �
2Economics-XII
NDPMP = GDPMP – �ÛΊÏ:Zq-oÅywuzŠ~Zq-3MŠZg~‚w~ (NDPFC) ³ç]ڳ؟+³kµ³†ì³^Ö“+ã†m×ç'Ú‚Þo �
aZzZg~úZïÅWæã»�h�úZïÆfg)�ÛZëÅ}.â]Æ$+áq݃C�XÎçÚoÚrÛçÂ^l
:Zq-oƬx!*°zVÆfg)Zq-3MŠZg~‚w~ (GNPMP ) e^‡]…ÎnÛkµ†ÒöØÎçÚoµn‚]æ]… �
ë�X GNPMP oÆZ0+gz!*CÙaZňZ!òZâZgz}.â]ÅÀ!*iZg7(NNPMP) e^‡]…ÎnÛkµ†ì^Ö“ÎçÚoµn‚]æ]… �
NNPMP = GNPMP – �ÛΊÏq-oƬx!*°zVÆfg)Zq-3MŠZg~‚w~Z]ÔÎyÔΊZzgœÅ :Z (NNPFC) γçÚ³o'Ú‚Þo �
^~oÆZ0+gz!*CÙ¾ðúZïWæã»�hòWæãBCìXNNPFC = NDPFC + NFIA = ¸òWæã
:WæãÆŠZ],~·ƒÐïàWæã)igÅ~(ÃZyZ`ë�X‰LÔYZzgŠgWæà ]ì³³³³³³†]t �
ZyZ`ë�XWæãÆŠZ],~·ƒ~eZàWæã)igÅlZg(Êpwë�X‰Üs»g~ÔÓäZyZY]Ô',Wæ : �ìçÙ �
aZzZg~Z»ðÆfg)Zq-ºmz9ÆaaZzZgÅ7ZzgŠgxãÜs»g~ Ë Î³‚…p]•^ÊäV �
Å7Æ�ÛtÊg~ZŸ†ë�X¸òWæãÅ+Bh4ï
GGE™Dz‰ÜZ#ËæÅ7ÃZq-Ðic*Š{!*g�áï™1Y@* �æa†pivŠngÒ^…pV �
ìÂQЊzCÙ~+Bh4ïG
GE»g~ë�XZkÐvÆŠz§j�X
ZŸ°Šg§i (1
ÃFaZzZg§i (2
Ò3>]aÜÚŠ^æ]l �
À={Ø+�ÛΊϸò=yw+ÛzyoÐqÝ{ØúZïWæã
(NIT) !*iZg7=úZïц+{Ø!*ßZôL
!*ßZôL – {Ø!*ßZôL=çÙZæZŠ
3 Economics-XII
ÎçÚo�Ú‚ÞoÒoivŠngÒ1›†mÏ1
›†mÏäÿ�Ú‚Þo µn‚]æ]…p]•^Êo΂…Ò^›†mÏä ›†mÏäÿì†5
µ`¡Ú†u×ä µ`¡Ú†u×ä µ`¡Ú†u×ä
úZïц6,{ØywWæã»g.V»Q: =
W6,|u&Òø F+
pŠgziÇgZ�ÛZŠÅ‘oWæã +
�扆]Ú†u×ä
NNPFC = NDPFC + NFIA
úZïц6,{ØòWæãNDPFC =
NFIA +
GDPMP +
(GDPMP) !*iZg76,ÀywaZzZgZ’ZðøÆfg)Šg~ZŸ† =
U*â~øÆfg)Šg~ZŸ† +
�OøÆfg)Šg~ZŸ† +
�扆]Ú†u×ä
GDPMP= fí{~p~ – ŠgxãÜs
!*iZg76,{ØywaZzZgGDPMP =
�ÛÎŠÏ –
inŠ†]Ú†u×ä
úZïц6,{ØywaZzZg!*iZg76,{ØywaZzZg =
{Ø!*ßZôL –
NDPFC = NDPMP – NIT
2çiã^Ú†u×ä
úZïц6,{ØòaZzZgúZïц6,{ØywaZzZg =
ÛzyoÐqÝ{ØúZïWæã +
GDPMP= C + G + I + (X–M)
(GDPMP) !*iZg76,ÀywaZzZg¬ZEwya =
ê¬ZEwya +
Àywuât»g~ +
{ØŠgWæZ] +
�扆]Ú†u×ä
NDPMP = GDPMP – �ÛΊÏ!*iZg76,{ØywaZzZg!*iZg76,ÀywaZzZg =
�ÛÎŠÏ –
inŠ†]Ú†u×ä
úZïц6,{ØywaZzZg!*iZg76,{ØywaZzZg =
{Ø!*ßZôL –
2çiã^Ú†u×ä
úZïц6,{ØòaZzZg&òWæãNNPFC = NDPFC + NFIA
úZïц6,{ØywaZzZg =
ÛzyoÐqÝ{ØúZïWæã +
4Economics-XII
if‚m×oÒ1]0^…c
çÙæŠ&]4hå EH~( – {Ø!*ßZôL)!*ßZôL :NIT
!*iZg7 :MP
úZïц :FC
�ÛÎŠÏ :Dep
¸òaZzZg :NP
ywaZzZg :DP
ÛzyoÐqÝ{ØúZïWæã :NFIA
]mÔ‰nÓ9†m^]mÔʆÝÒo΂…p]•^ÊäÒ1Úˆæ•^l �
fí{~p~ + �Ûz|# = aZzZgÅ7 X1
aZzZgÅ7 – ŠgxãZEw = (GVAMP) !*iZgц6,{ØZŸ°Šg X2
NVAMP = GVAMP – �ÛÎŠÏ !*iZgц6,{ØŠg~ZŸ† X3
NVAFC = NVAMP – {Ø!*ßZôL z‚bц6,{ØŠg~ZŸ† X4
q݃@*ìX (NDPFC) ÓxøzVÅz‚bц6,{ØZŸ°Šg�häÐz‚bц6,ywaZzZg â^:
˜øÆfg)o)±XfgZùÐqÝz‚bWæãzÃWæã»�hWæã Þ³³r³³o'Ú³‚Þ³oV �
BCìX
tZ¾mc*ZI{âVÆfg)ÓxfgZùÐqÝz‚bWæãzÃÆ�hÃZÐZŠ~Wæã ]Þˆ]�p'Ú‚ÞoV �
ë�X
5 Economics-XII
¬ZyZY]ÆÁÜ (GDPMP)
¬ZEwya Àywuât»g~ ZâZzg}.â]»{Ø',Wæ
¬ZEwya ê¬ZEwya ŠgWæD',Wæ
Àyw‡ìuât»g~ fí{~p~
Z’Zðfí{DZ!òfí{(NDPFC) 'Ú‚Þo›†mÏä‰1ÎçÚo'Ú‚ÞoÒ1Âß^‘†
»g.V»Q: W6,|u&Òø F
o« + Ί + ™Zt + gzZä
‘oWæã
g¶Zg)(Retaind Earning
µVÆ0*kg3ƒZ)Ëo«
zŠZgzV~ÛzZÑo«
6Economics-XII
+ã†m×ç�Ú‚Þo‰1]Þˆ]pÎ^eØ‘†Í�Ú‚Þo
7 Economics-XII
(PDI) ZÐZŠ~‡.ÞÜsWæãZÐZŠ~Â + ZÐZŠ~ZEwya
NNPFC ¸òWæã
NDPFC ywWæã
Wæã
ZÐZŠ~Wæã
ÛzyÐ{Øo« +
¸òŒÛçV6,Ί +
Ó#ÖÐgzZVÃ +
ÛzyÐgzZVÃ +
u»g~Z¾Zð‡VÃZU*NVÐqÝWæã –
)‡VÅÂ –
ÛzyÐqÝ{ØWæã –
',Z{gZ„ZÐZŠ~L –
ZI{âVÅ:ZzgââVÅZŠZ5 –
ðL –
)Ëœ –
NFIA +
øÃywaZzgÐWæã
ÀywaZzZgZzg#b‹Š
»ÈìZâz}.â]Å GDP ¬xîg6,ÀywaZzZgZzg#b‹Š~',Z{gZ„mƒ@*ìXZz‘ic*Š{Ðic*Š{aZzZgƒ**XZk»Èì�o~Zâz}.â]ic*Š{Ðic*Š{Šø7[�1Zk»Èt
»ÈßÍVÅ#bz GDP ƒZ�ßÍVÅo~qª¬ZhìÔ¢zg~7XŠzu}ZÖp~Zz‘‹Š~ZŸ†ƒ**¢zg~7ìX
æΊÜÒ^açi^a1V GDP
Zq-oÅ'Z5ðuzŠÆZ0+gZq-‚wÅæ]~aZƒðXZ!òZâz}.â]ÅZ¤/øá —VGDP u³³Ïn³Ï³³o
ãCŠ~‚wņV)‡ì†V(6,ÅYCìÂZÐÇÀywaZzZgÌë�XtÜsaZzZgÅlZg~p~Æ:Lpsƒ@*ìXZÐçÙF,¹»Zq-Z�ág{â**Y@*ìX
Zq-oÅ'Z5ðuÆZ0+gZq-‚wÆŠzgZyaZÅXZâz}.â]ÅøáZ¤/gzZV‚wÅ —VGDP γ³³‚…p
Ìë�Xt GDP ë�XZÐgzZV†V6, GDP †V)gzZV†V(6,ÅYCìÂZÐig~aZzZgÅlZgZzg†VÅRŠzâV~p~ÐOW,ƒCìXZÐçÙF,¹»Z�ág{7â**Y@*ìX
Ún6if‚mØÒ†Þ^ GDP ÒçuÏnÏo GDP ΂…p
GDPÇ
»ÈßÍVÅâŠ~œpVÐìXtZçÙZzg)çÙúZï6,«ƒ@*ìXçÙúZï Zk — ʳ³¡|æe`f³³ç�V
‰òWæãÜsÅRz){Zzg)çÙúZï‰âj1CWߊÏÔ‡âãqªÔY$+qàz){Xz{#b‹Š�çÙúZï6,«™@*ìZÐ)çÙ#b‹Šë�XŠzâVÆùÃ`~#b‹Š¹Y@*ìX
Zzg#b‹Š~',Z{gZ„mìX GDP ŠzâV~ª — ÞjnräV
ÒoÚÃ^�oÊ¡|e`fç�Ò1]�^…mäÒo�ÓØÚn6u‚æ�V GDP
~�áï7HY@*ìXt#bz‹ŠÃOW,™D�X GDP )ig~AŠ+à �
ÀywaZzZgÅ„#b‹ŠÃOW,™Cì**�Zk~ZŸ† �
çÙ#b‹Š~XZâÅ)z~ZÌ7ƒCX �
¼Zâ»ZW,t̃@*ìX �
~ÌZŸ†ƒYìX GDP †V~ZŸ†ÅzzÐ �
8Economics-XII
¸òWæãÅ+Bh4ïG
GEÆaZôïD+ZÛ:XZŸ°Šg)aZzZg~(§i: X1
ŠzCÙ~+Bh4ïG
GEÐ6,ÌX (a)
²íZâYÅ–~Ã7�áï™**X (b)
pŠÆZEwÆag¿ˆaZzZgÃ�áï™**X (c)
Wæ㻧i X2
ÃWæãÐ6,ÌX (a)
Ð6,ÌX (Capital Gain) ZÝo« (b)
pŠZEwÆag¿ˆaZzZgÃ�áï™**X (c)
Ã�áï™**X (Inputed Services) }.â] Å aZzZg~z‚bÆfg)«ÅˆpŠ (d)
ÃFZyZYC§i: X3
ŠgxãZyZY]Ð6,Ì (a)
²íZâYZzgâàZU*NV6,G‰ZyZY]Ð6,ÌX (b)
ÃZyZY]Ð6,ÌX (c)
ZJyÐÝÎZÑ]›�Z!*]WæãÆŠZ],~gzZãÅ9C�: 1 ÎZwX
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9 Economics-XII
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10Economics-XII
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11 Economics-XII
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12Economics-XII
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13 Economics-XII
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14Economics-XII
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15 Economics-XII
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16Economics-XII
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17 Economics-XII
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18Economics-XII
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19 Economics-XII
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21 Economics-XII
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22Economics-XII
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zzCDƒñfsÃúZïWæãZzgvWæã~„ÙX X8
5i}»Q: (a)
),gÍVÃ"54jè FGEIE (b)
Vx™Zt (c)
zzC��HfsÃywaZzZg~�áïHYñÇ7? X9
yz*y~zZµ)±ËVÆœ (i)
yz*y~zZµ)±\g]{âVÆfg)ZkÆ»g.VÊ~9Z{ (ii)
Zq-yz*ãÆfg))o~zZµ�ÛxÐqÝΊ (iii)
¸òWæã»Z0+Zi{ÎDz‰Üfsþ§bZEwHYñÇ? X10
kyÅ�Ûz|#ÐqÝœ (i)
ÑR,~~ZÅxœS (ii)
u»g~ŒÛçV6,Ί (iii)
¸òWæã»Z0+Zi{ÎDz‰Üqgzfsþ§bZEwHYñÇ?zzC�X X11
ky»Vx™Zt (i)
e&4-?ç EGEFiÐqÝΊ (ii)
c[ÐOW,{ßÍVÆfg)qÝâàæŠ (iii)
wÆa°Š~ÎZÑ]qgzfsÐ�Ûz|#¥xÙX X1
EŸÒ>…æµ1D Ú‚m6
560 úZïц6,{؇ì7 (i)
23 Economics-XII
60 �ÛÎŠÏ (ii)
(–)30 fí{~p~ (iii)
1000 ŠgxãÜs»g~ (iv)
200 ',WæZ] (v)
60 šzZôL (vi)
¥xÙX NVAFC ŠgzfsZ°ZŠzÑgÐ X2
EŸÒ>…æµ1D Ú‚m6
40 çÙæŠ (i)
800 �Ûz|# (ii)
30 �ÛÎŠÏ (iii)
100 ',WæZ] (iv)
20 Z!ò&Wy~Z6u (v)
50 Z’ZðZ6u (vi)
500 :yh+ (vii)
200 ZLZEwÆaáÅyh+ (viii)
60 {xâwÅŠgWæZ] (ix)
ŠgzfsZ°ZŠzÑgЊgxãÜs¥xÙX X3
EŸÒ>…æµ1D Ú‚m6
24Economics-XII
200 aZzZgÅ7 (i)
80 úZïц6,{؇ì7 (ii)
15 �Ûz|#L (iii)
20 �ÛÎŠÏ (iv)
5 çÙæŠ (v)
¥xÙX NNPFC ZŸ°ŠgÆfg) (b) Zzg NNPFC §iyaÆfg) (a) qgzfsWñzVÐ X4
EÒ†æ\…æµ1D
250 {Øyw7ú (i)
–50 {Ø',WæZ] (ii)
900 ¬ZEwya (iii)
aZzZgÅ7 (iv)
900 Z’Zðø (a
800 U*â~ø (b
400 �Oø (c
:ZyZY] (v)
400 Z’Zðø (a
300 U*â~ø (b
100 �Oø (c
80 ‡ìuât»ZEw (vi)
100 !*ßZôL (vii)
100 ¬ZEwya u»g~ (viii)
10 çÙæŠ (ix)
25 Economics-XII
–20 Ûzã˜uÐqÝ{ØúZïWæã (x)
FITA = 90 Crore (b) GDPFC = 2600 Crore (a) qç]h
ÛzyÐúZïWæã¥xÙX (b) Zzg (GDPMP) !*iZg76,ÀywaZzZg (a) fsWñzVÐ X6
EÒ†æ\…æµ1D
500 œ (i)
40 ',Wæ (ii)
1500 »g.V»Q: (ii)
2500 z‚bц6,ÀòaZzZg (iv)
90 !*¹Š*Ð{ØgzZVà (v)
300 Îy (vi)
400 Ί (vii)
120 ÛzyÃz‚bWæã (viii)
250 {Ø!*ßZôL (ix)
650 {Øywuât»g~ (x)
700 À‡ìuât»g~ (xi)
50 fí{~p~ (xii)
FIFA = Ò†æ\ 120 GDPMP = Ò†æ\ 3050 qç]h
¥xÙX (GDPMP) fs¥â]Ð!*iZgÅ76,ÀywaZzZg X7
EÒ†æ\…æµ1D
300 yw�Ûz|# (i)
100 ',Wæ (ii)
50 pŠÆZEwÆaaZzZg (iii)
110 Ðyh+, X �Ûx (iv)
26Economics-XII
70 Ðyh+, Y �Ûx (v)
30 ›âwÅŠgWæ (vi)
60 fí{~p~ (vii)
5i}ÃQ:Å+Bh4ïG
GEÙX (b) ywWæã (a) fsWñzVÅæŠÐ X8
EÒ†æ\…æµ1D
(–) 20 ÛzyÐ{Å{šðZïWæã (i)
10 {Ø',Wæ (ii)
50 {Ø!*ßZôL (iii)
20 ™ZtZzggZä (iv)
10 ‡ìuât»ZEw (v)
10&ÀêELY
L (vi)
400 ¬ZEwya (vii)
30 Ί (viii)
50 {Øyw‡ìuât»g~ (ix)
22 œ»z (x)
100 Óä¬Üsya (xi)
5 )„”{œ (xii)
23 ‘oWæã (xiii)
aZzZg§jÐòWæãÅ+Bh4ïG
GEÙX (b) ZyZY]§jÆfg) (a) fsWñzVÐ X9
EÒ†æ\…æµ1D
27 Economics-XII
15 Z’ZðøÆfg)!*iZg76,®ÿ NŠg~ZŸ† (i)
750 ¬ZEwya (ii)
150 ‡ìuât»ZEw (iii)
120 {Ø!*ßZôL (iv)
200 U*â~øÆfg)!*iZg76,ÀŠg~ZŸ† (v)
220 {Øyw‡ìuât»g~ (vi)
(–) 20 fí{~p~ (vii)
700 �OøÆfg)!*iZg7gÀŠg~ZŸ† (viii)
50 {Ø',Wæ (ix)
150 u»g~¬ZEwya (x)
20 ÛzyÐ{Øz‚bWæã (xi)
qgzfsWñzVÆfg)Wæã§iZzgya§jÐòWæã¥xÙX X10
EÒ†æ\…æµ1D
100 ÓäZ!òÜsya (i)
110 {Øuât»g~ (ii)
120 Àuât»g~ (iii)
800 ˜Z!òÜsya (iv)
70 {Ø',Wæ (v)
75 âÃy»Y™«µ1V~z (vi)
600 9Z{Zzg'׊zg~ (vii)
20 ΊÅZŠZ5 (viii)
28Economics-XII
200 Îy (ix)
25 gZä (x)
80 )Ëo« (xi)
30 ÛzyÐqÝ{ØúZïWæã (xii)
50 {Ø!*ßZôL (xiii)
130 o« (xiv)
fs¥â]ÐaZzZgÅ7¥xÙX X11
EÒ†æ\…æµ1D
100 úZïц6,{ØŠg~ZŸ† (i)
75 ŠgxãÜs (ii)
5 çÙæŠ (iii)
10 �ÛÎŠÏ (iv)
(20) aZzZg: (v)
Wæã¥xÙX (b) úZïц6,{ØywaZzZg (a) fs¥â]Ð X12
EÒ†æ\…æµ1D
300 ÓäøÃqÝywaZzZgÐWæã (i)
1000 '׊zg~Zzg9Z{ (ii)
20 ÛzyÃ{ØgzZVÃ (iii)
100 ™Zt (iv)
130 aZzZg~Z»ÇVÆfg)ΊÅZŠZ5 (v)
30 ¸òŒÛçV6,ΊÅZŠZ5 (vi)
50 ðL (vii)
40 Ó#ÖÆfg)gzZVÃ (viii)
29 Economics-XII
200 âÃyÆfg)YDƵ1V~zŠZg~ (ix)
100 œ (x)
20 )„”{œ (xi)
10 ÛzyÐ{ØúZïWæã (xii)
ÛzyÐúZïWæã¥xÙX (b) úZïц6,ÀywaZzZg (a) fs¥â]Ð X13
EÒ†æ\…æµ1D
800 5i}»Q: (i)
200 œ (ii)
50 „”{œ (iii)
1400 !*iZg76,ÀywaZzZg (iv)
150 ™Zt (v)
100 Ί (vi)
200 Àywuât»g~ (vii)
200 {؇ìuât»g~ (viii)
50 Z6u~p~ (ix)
60 ÛzyÐ{ØúZïWæã (x)
120 {Ø!*ßZôL (xi)
�( 6 °Š~ÎZßVÆi) NVAFC = �Ûz|# + Z6u~p~ – :ZEwya – �ÛÎŠÏ – {Ø!*ßZôL X1
= 560 – (–30) + 1000 + 60 + 60
= Rs. 1710 Lakh
NVAFC = �Ûz|# + Z6u~p~ – :ZEwya – �ÛÎŠÏ – {Ø!*ßZôL X2
30Economics-XII
= 800 + (–50) –500 –30 + 40
= Rs. 280 Lakh
ŠgxãÜs = aZzZgÅ7 – NVAFC – {Ø!*ßZôL – �ÛÎŠÏ X3
= 200 – 30 – (15 – 5) – 20
= 200 – 30 – 10 – 20
= Rs. 90 Lakh
NAPFC X4
(a) §Tya = (iii) + (viii) + (i) + (ii) – (iv) – (vii) – (ix)
= 900 + 100 + 250 + (–50) – 80 – 90
= Rs. 1110 Crore
(b) ZŸ°Šg»§i = (iv) – (v) – (vi) – (vii) + (ix) + (x)
= 2100 – 800 – 80 – 100 + 10 + (–20)
= 2100 – 990
= Rs. 1110 Crore
GDPMP (a) X5
NDPFC = (ii) + (v) + (vi) + (vii)
= 1500 + 500 + 300 + 400
= 2700
GDPMP = NDPFC + CFC + NIT
CFC = (GFCF + ∆S) – 650
= (700 + 50) – 650
= 100
NIT = 250
GDPMP = 2700 + 100 + 250
= 3050
31 Economics-XII
(FIFA) ÛzyÐz‚bWæã (b) X6
GNPFC = GDPMP + NFiA – NIT
280 = 3050 + NFIA – 250
NFIA = 0
NFIA = FIFA – FIPA
0 = FIFA – 120
FIFA = 120 Crore
ywWæã (a) X7
= (ii) + (vi) + (ix) + (xi) – (iii)
= 10 + 400 + 50 +100 – 50
= Rs. 510 Crore
5i}»Q: (b)
= ywWæã – (iv) – (viii) – (vii) – (x) – (xii) – (xiii)
= 510 – 20 – 30 – 10 – 22 – 5 – 23
= Rs. 400 crore
¸òWæã X8
= (ii) + (iv) + (vi + x) – (viii) – (ix) – (viii)
= 600 + 200 + 110 + (–10) – (–20) – 70 – 10
NNPFC Wæã§jÐ X9
= (vii) + (vi) + (viii) + (ix) + (x) + (xiv) – (xii)
= 600 + 55 + 20 + 200 + 25 + 130 + (–(30)
= 1000 Cr
NNPFC ya§jÆfg)32Economics-XII
= (i) + (ii) + (iv) + (v) – (xiii) + (xi) – (xii)
= 100 + 110 + 800 + 70 – 60 + 10 + (–30)
= 1000 Cr
X10
NNPMP = (ii) + (x) + (viii) + (v) – (iv)
= 500 + 100 + 80 + (–20) – 20
= Rs. 640 Cr
Wæã = (NNPMP– vi) – (ix) + (iii) + (vii) + (i)
= 640 – 120 – 60 + 30 + 70 – 10
= Rs. 550 Cr
aZzZgÅ7 X11
NVAFC = aZzZgÅ7 – ŠgxãÜs – {Ø!*ßZôL – �ÛΊÏ
aZzZgÅ7 = NVAFC + ŠgxãÜs + NIT + �ÛΊÏ
= 100 + 75 + (20 – 5) + 10
= Rs. 200 Cr
úZïц6,ÀywaZzZg (a) X12
GDPFC = (i) + (ii) + (v) + (vi) + [vii + ix – viii]
= 800 + 200 + 150 + 100 + [(200 + 50) – 200]
= Rs. 1300 Cr
ÛzyÃúZïWæã (b)
GNPMP = GDPFC + ÛzyÐ{ØúZïWæã+{Ø!*ßZ‰L
1400 = 1300 + 120 + 60
= 1400 – 1480
= Rs. 80 Cr
33 Economics-XII
2- mçÞ8
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m^…Òãß1ŸñÐÞÓ^l
igÅZ+ÚÅ~°pÅY$Ëì�IŠáÆfg)Æîg6,tƒXYèig~¬xJqÅ �
S¤ƒCìXigÆZk»xäZâÆIŠáÅÓx6,.EVû™Šc*ìXigÆfg)„ZâZzg}.â]Åyh+�Ûz|#eìX
igÅg‡Ð%ZŠZq-oÆúZxÆ0*kz‰ÜÆZq-ºm`6,ÀigÅlZgÐìX ‡…Òo…‰‚V �
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igÅg‡=úZxÆ0*k™+ËVÆ0*kÔ¦
Zq-âà�œ¾äÆÑЬxúZxЦt™CìZzgZÝ»g~ÆaŒÛn : ÒÛ†�nØenßÔ �
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‚ÄÅúÐ%ZŠgCËVÅZk¤‰ÜÐìTÆfg)z{Z’Zð¦ÅãCŠ6,U*â~¦ÅzÝ �
~LRR ™D�XU*â~¦ÅzÝ™**‚ÄÅúB@*ìXËVÆfg)‚ÄÅúÆ¿Zzg
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Ñz¬]ÔNzwZzg@Ze$»g~™CìX34Economics-XII
Ú†ÒˆpenßÔÒ1Ò^Ý �
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igg‡Zzg‚ÄÃNzw™äzZÑ X4 ËV»JZzg4zZ,g X3
:tZ+ÑbΊìT6,%œ/~JˆgCËVÃîsæCŒÛn�ÛZë™D�X Bank Rate �
:tZ+ÑbΊìT6,%œ/~JˆgCËVÿæCŒÛn�ÛZë™D�X Repo Rate �
:tZ+ÑbΊìT6,o»%œ/~JˆgCËVÐŒÛn©8ìX Reverse Repo Rate �
:CÙZq-ˆgCJÃZL0*kÀ¦g¶»Zq-²+Ú%œ/~JÆ Cash Reserve Ratio(CRR) �
ë�X CRR 0*k‡â;¦™**ƒ@*ì
ZkÐ%ZŠ#ŸËVÃZKÀ¦g¶ÅZq-{m°œg¶ZL0*kCÙz‰ÜgppÅ¢zg] :SLR �
ƒCìX
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ì? instrument »�Šw RBI Ãy‚ X3
g<gf$ (b) (CRR) ÏWgWg (a)
A!*iZg»¿ (d) Zܹ»£ (c)
35 Economics-XII
�zZáÎZÑ] 1
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z{¦X»”wJÆfg)HY@*ìX �Z[:
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ig&‚ÄÅúÐH%ZŠì?Zq-°Š~VwÅæŠÐ#ŸËVÆfg)igÅúÆ X1
36Economics-XII
a',zñ»gÑñYäzZá¿ÅzŸs#ÙX
‚ÄÅúÐ%ZŠ#ŸËVÅZk¤‰ÜÐìTÆfg)z{Z’Zð¦ÅãCŠ6,U*â~¦ÅzÝ �Z[:™D�XU*â~¦ÅzÝ™**‚ÄÅúB@*ìX#ŸJÆfg)ÅYäzZàigÅú{mîgЊz!*ÂV6,«ƒCìX
Z’Zð¦ (i)
LRR (ii)
ìLRR = 20% (2) gz9 1000 = Z’Zð¦ (1) �ÛnÙ�u~ –$h½5ÿGI
GLigÅzŸs#:u~yaƒäzZàg¶Šz!*g{ËV~¦™Š~YCìX (3)
gz9ZŠJg 800 gz9gm,gzÆîg6,gÄ™ 200 gz9ìXJZk¦~Ð 1000 ây³�Z’Zð¦gz9u~yaƒäƈŠz!*g{J~zZ:¦ƒYNÐX#ŸJ 800 Š}Š,ÐXt
gz9ZŠJg 640 gz9gm,gzgÄ™ 160ª20% gz9» 800 gz9ƒYñÏXJZk 1800 ÅÀ¦Š}Š,ÐXt»xŠz!*g{ÐJŦ~ZŸ†™}ÇZzgt¿Î@*gYg~gìÇXÀigÅúXƒÏZk»ç‚Ä¢d$Æfg)HYñÇX
37 Economics-XII
3- mçÞ8
WæãZzggziÇg»çm^…Òãß1ŸñÐÞÓ^l
ë�XZÐÀZyZY]Å (AD) :Zq-u~Zâ}.â]ÅÀÔÃù¦Ô ÚrÛçÂo›×g �
~**0*Y@*ìX
ù¦ÔºmÁÜqgzfs�: �
(C) Üs»g~ZyZY] (i)
(F) ˜ZÝ»g~ (ii)
(G) ÓäZyZY] (iii)
(X-M) {Ø',Wæ (iv)
AD = C + I ŠzøzZàu~
Zq-u~ZâZzg}.â]ÅÀg‡ù¦g‡BCìXù¦g¦Åig~7Äò Ú³rÛçÂo…‰‚V �
aZzZgë�XªòWæãåù¦g‡Æ',Z',ƒCìX
AS = C + S
ù¦g‡oÅòWæãêCÙ™CìX �
AS = Y )¸òWæã(
C = F(Y) ÆÖ@·ZmêCÙ™@*ìX (C) ZzgÜs (Y) Üs·¶Wæã �
Üs = C
Wæã = Y
·Zm = F
Üs·¶)ÜsgDy(ŠznŃC�X �
38Economics-XII
APC Zz‰ÜsgDy (i)
MPC qâðÜsgDy (ii)
Zz‰ÜsgDyÃù¦ÜsZzgù¦WæãÅÚÅ~ªCÙHY@*ìX ]扼‘†Í…qv^áV
Break even point C=y
‰1ÚjÃ×Ð]aÜÞÏ^½ APC �
APC > 1 Z»ðÐic*Š{ƒ@*ìZ#J-ÜsÔòWæãÐic*Š{ƒ@*ìX APC (i)
ÔÜsòWæãÆ)z~ƒ@*ìX APC = 1 (ii)
ÜsòWæãÐÁƒ@*ì APC < 1 (iii)
ÁƒCYCìX APC Wæã~ZŸ±Æ‚B‚B (iv)
LÌ#7ƒ$ËÔYèWæã»#R6,ÌÃðZEwƒ@*ìX APC (v)
:ZkÐ%ZŠÜs~p~ÅWæã~p~ÐÚìX (MPC) u^�n^ño‘†Í…qv^á �
‰1ÚjÃ×Ð]aÜÞÏ^½ MPC �
Z¤/åyh+WæãÜsƒYCìA$ Ò1�…Ún^á…aj^a1! 1 ÒoÎnÛk‘ˆ]æ… MPC X1
MPC = 1 ª� ∆C = ∆Y
pZ¤/å'×h+WæãÅY™àYCìÂ
MPC = 0.1 ª� ∆C = 0
]Ún†Ò1ÚÏ^e×1‡m^�åaçioa1! MPC ƆmgÒo X2
¾d$¿ZKWæã»ic*Š{zya™©8ì²Z÷¿ZKWæã»Ázya™@*ìX
39 Economics-XII
tƒ$ËìYèu~ÁYƒCìX APS tc*Z»ðÐÁƒ$ËìXáZiyÐnR6, APS X3
WæãÆ(,"Æ‚B‚B(,fìX APS X4
:YZzgWæãÆ·ZmêCÙ™@*ìX e3kiË^ÂØ �
S = f (Y)
·Zm = f WæãÔ = Y YÔ = S — ŒV:
m^
S = S + MPS(Y)
WæãÅ#R6,Y = S
MPS Zzg APS Y·¶Šzn»ƒ@*ì: �
ÅS:] (APS) ]扼e3k…qv^á �
LÌZ»ðc*Z»ðÐic*Š{7ƒ$ËYèYLÌWæãÆ)z~c*WæãÐic*Š{7ƒ$ËX APS X1
S = 0 ì C = Y #ƒ$Ëì:)z~R`6,Z# APS X2
tƒ$ËìYèu~**Y APS tc*Z»ðÐÁƒ$ËìX)z~R`Ðn APS X3
ƒ$ËìX (Dissaving)
Wæã~ZŸ±Æ‚B‚B(,fìX APS X4
:Wæã~p~ÆË~Y~p~ÆÚƒÃqâðYgDy (MPS) u³^�n^ñoe3k…qv^á
ë�X
Å7#ZzgZ»ðÆÖ@~gLìX MPS
40Economics-XII
∆S = ∆Y Z¤/å'×h+WæãÅY™àYCìA$ MPS = 1 X1
∆S = 0 Z¤/å'×h+WæãÔÜs™àYCìA$ MPS = 0 X2
ZzgZz‰YgDy~!*bm (APC) Zz‰ÜsgDy
tåZ(„ƒ@*ìYèWæãÃc*ÂyaHY@*ìc*QWæãÅYÅYCìX APC + APS = 1
Y = C + S
Є™ä6, Y ŠzâV§s
1 = APC + APS
»qݦåZ»ðÆ',Z',ƒ@* APS Zzg APC Zk§b APS = 1 – APCc*APC = 1– APS ª�ìX
ZzgqâðYgDy~g (MPS) qâðÜsgDy
ÌMPS ÐÁƒ@*ìZka 1 嵃@*ìZzg MPC Z(åƒ@*ìYè MPC + MPS = 1
ÐÁƒ**ecX 1 µZzg
Y = C + S ª ∆Y = ∆C + ∆S
Є™ä6, ∆Y ŠzâV§s
1 = MPC + MPS
MPC = 1 – MPS
MPS = 1 – MPC
41 Economics-XII
Æ',Z',ƒ@*ìX 1 »qÝ-$4pî GI MPS Zzg MPC Zk§b
ZÝ»g~Æp��6uâ5ZU*P‰áÔWÑ]ÔZziZgz){Åyh+6,ya™**XZkÆpu �
Æfí}~ZŸ†™**ìX
ZÝ»g~Šz§bŃCì:
F,‰ZÝ»g~ X1
pŠUgZÝ»g~ X2
tz{ZÝ»g~ì�œ¾äÆ_."ÐÅYCìXZk§bÅZÝ»g~»Wæã i†Ænfo]‘ØÒ^…pV X1
ЦJmƒ@*ìX
tz{ZÝ»g~ì�WæãÅRÐOW,7ƒ@*ª�Üsœ¾äÆ_." ì³ç�Ú³íj^…]‘ØÒ^…pV X2
Ð7HY@*X
ZÝ»g~ÅqâðZqÃZÝ»g~Å°Z»ðÆÎäÐqÝ ]‘³ØÒ³^…pÒ³ou³^�n^ño]a×nkV �
ƒäzZáœÅµÑbÅ~zZãHYYìX
u~ƒZ3ÿXL{:Æfg)Zq-æ]~ÎY™ä»µ/æ]ÆÑzq~¯c* V ÚjçÎÄe3k �
Y@*ìZÐáµYë�X
u~�ÛñVÆfg)Zq-æ]~ÎZÝ»g~™ä»µ/æ]ÆÑzq Új³çγÄ]‘ØÒ^…pV �
~¯c*Y@*ìQÐáµÈZÝ»g~ë�X
}YÐ%ZŠWæã~ÐX™g¿ˆZkg¶ÐìTÅ+Bh4ïG
GEæ]Æ{86,Å i³Ã³Ûn×oe3kV �
YCìX
ÇZÝ»g~Ð%ZŠZÝ»g~6,ƒñZkyaÐì�ZÝ»g~ƒYä6,c* i³Ã³Ûn³×³o]‘ØÒ³^…pV �
æ]ÆWy~Y™Y@*ìX
tå AD = ASc*S = I WæãÅáZiyRz{WæãRì˜Vù¦ÔaZzZgÅRÆ',Z',ƒCìª �
gziÇgÅßg]~c*ÁgziÇgÅßg]~ƒ$ËìX
ZkÐ%ZŠuÅZ+ßg]ÐìT~CÙZq-¿�KãZzgf6îg6,ZIìà ÚÓÛØ…æ‡+^…V �
42Economics-XII
gzZVig~'׊zg~ÅÑb6,gziÇgïg;ìZzgz{¿»xÌ™äûgìX
t"gziÇg~ÅZ+ßg]ìZ#‡.Þßvñ�Š{gzZV'׊zg~ÅÑb6, …•³^Ò³^…]Þ³äe1…æ‡+^…pV �
»x™äûg7ƒDX
t"gziÇg~ÅZ+qªì˜V»x™äÆpZéq‡.ÞßvgzZV Æn†…•^Ò^…]Þäe1…æ‡+^…pV �
'׊zg~ÅÑb6,»x™äÆpZéq�pZ7»x7ïg;ìX
ÐÁƒ@*ìX AS ågziÇgÅR6,£/ AD bz~"gziÇg~z{qªìT~ �
ZÝ»g~~p~ÆË~Wæã~p~ÅÚÃZÝ»g~Ÿg[ë�X ]‘ØÒ^…p•^…hV �
Ðic*Š{ƒYñÂQÐiZZ+Ôë�X AS ÔågziÇg6,ù¦g‡ (AD) Z#ù¦Ô �
ågziÇgÅR6,ù¦g‡ÐÁƒCìZСÒ3ŒÒïGGEë�X (AD) Z#ù¦Ô �
Z�ÛZïÜÔÇù¦ÔZzgågziÇgÂZiyïñgppÆa¢zg~ìù¦ÔÆÖ@»�Ûtƒ@* �
ìXtù¦ÔÆiZZ+ÅeöìX$¨Ò5ÐöGG
GÜÇù¦ÔZzgågziÇgÂZiyïñgppÆa¢zg~ù¦ÔÆÖ@»�Ûtƒ@*ìt �
ù¦Ô~¶ÅeöìX
iZZ+ÔZzg**³ÔÃ9™äƧj:
igg‡~p~ Óäya~p~ƒV~p~
iZZ+ÔÔÃ9™äƧj
43 Economics-XII
ig¦§j â1C§jXJÑb~ZŸ† 1 XƒVÅlZg~ZŸ† 1
~ZŸ† CRR X2 Xu»g~ZyZY]~¶ 2
~ZŸ† SLR X3 Xu»g~ŒÛn~ZŸ† 3
XA!*iZg~u»g~ 4
Å–~ Securities
**³ÔÔÃÇ™äƧj
ig¦§j â1C§jXJÑb~¶ 1 XƒVÅlZg~¶ 1
¶~CRR X2 ZŸ† Xu»g~ZyZY]~ 2
~¶ SLR X3 ¶ Xu»g~ŒÛn~ 3
XA!*iZg~u»g~ 4
Ãyh+** Securities
�Šw�Z[zZáÎZÑ]z{Óxßv�»x™ä6,‡Šg�Zzg!*iZg~76,»x™äÅpZégnp�p»x7MZ¹ X1
)gŸ»gZ:"gziÇg (b) gŸ»gZ:"gziÇg (a)
Zy~ÐÃð7 (d) ZŠðgZgziÇg (c)
44Economics-XII
Šg`fs~ÐÃytƒYì? X2
(APS) Zz‰YgDy (b) (APC) Zz‰ÜsgDy (a)
(MPS) qâðYgDy (d) (MPC) qâðÜsgDy (c)
Üs·¶·Zmì: X3
7ÅRZzgÜs (b) WæãZzgY (a)
WæãÔYZzgÜs (d) WæãZzgÜs (c)
6,«ì²šzôfs6, MPC uât»g~Ÿg[ÅŠgÔ!*ßZôîg6, X4
MPS (b) APC (a)
Zy~ÐÃð7 (d) APS (c)
**³ÔÆqgzfs~ÐÃy‚³ƒ@*ì? X5
aZzZgZzggziÇgÅR~¶ (b) )Ÿ»gZ:"gziÇg~~ZŸ† (a)
qgz!*ÑX (d) ŠzâV (b) Zzg (a) (c)
fs~Ãy‚ig~0*Œ»lZgZ:iì X6
A!*iZgÅu¤/xV (b) g<gf$ (a)
qgz!*ÑX (d) SLR (c)
Z#ågziÇgaZzZgR6,ù¦Ôù¦g‡ÐÁƒYCìÂZÐë�: X7
**³Ô (b) iZZ+Ô (a)
qgz!*ÑX (d) Z�ÛZïÜ (c)
uât»g~Ÿg[ÅŠg‰‰‰‰‰‰ 0.75 ÅŠgì MPCZ# X8
45 Economics-XII
K = 5 (b) K = 4 (a)
K = 3 (d) K = 2 (c)
~(Break even point) ®s X9
C = Y (b) APC = 1 (a)
qgz!*ÑX (d) O = Y (c)
Ðic*Š{ƒÏZ¤/ 5 Å7 K X10
(b) MPC = MPS = 0.5 (a)
MPS < 0.2 (d) (c)
ìZ¤/ APC = MPC X11
Wæã~‚p~ > Üs~‚p~ (a)
Wæã~‚p~ = Üs~‚p~ (b)
Wæã~‚p~ < Üs~‚p~ (c)
qgz!*Ñ~Ãð7 (d)
�( 3-4 ¿�Z[zZáÎZÑ])ù¦ÔÅ°pÉÀŸ/õGZzgZkÆÁÜÆ!*g}~ÌÉÀŸ/õGX X1
Zq-°Š~VwÅæŠÐZz‰ÜsgDyZzgqâðÜsgDy~�ÛtzZãÙX X2
ågziÇgÔgŸ»gZ:"gziÇg~Zzg)gŸ»gZ:"gziÇg~ÆŠgxy�ÛtzZãÙX X3
ZÝ»g~¢d$Hì?qâðÜsgDyZzgZÝ»g~¢d$ÆÖ@gC�X X4
aZzZgÔgziÇgZzg76,iZZ+ÔÆZW,ÿUzZãÙX X5
46Economics-XII
qgzfsÒ**]9�c*ß?zzÒyÙX X6
ƒCìX 0 ƒ@*ìÂqâðÜsgDyÅŠg 1 ZÝ»g~¢d$Z# (i)
Zz‰YgDyÅŠgLÌ#ÐÁ7ƒ$ËX (ii)
qgzfsÒ**]9�c*ß?zzÒyÙX X7
Z#qâðÜsgDy#ƒCì¢d$ÅŠgÌ#ƒCìX (i)
Ðic*Š{7ƒ$ËX 1 Zz‰YgDyÅŠgLÌ (ii)
�Šw�Z[zZáÎZÑ]WæãZzggziÇg³™äÆZßwÅãCŠì: X1
Ço{ (b) áµo{ (a)
Zy~ÐÃð7 (d) ŠzâV (b) Zzg (a) (c)
)z~ì: MPS X2
(b) (a)
(d) (c)
Šg`fs~ÐÃyÏ"gziÇg~ÃoÆfg)¤‰Ü~�áï7HY@*ì? X3
)gŸ»gZ:"gziÇg~ (b) 7æ{"gziÇg~ (a)
ñŠ"gziÇg~ (d) gŸ»gZ:"gziÇg~ (c)
47 Economics-XII
iZZ+ÔЃCì: X4
gziÇgÅR~¶ (b) gziÇgÅR~ZŸ† (a)
qgz!*Ñ~ÐÃð7 (d) gziÇgÅR~Ãðp~7 (c)
ÜsâZq-¦S�ƒ@*ìYè X5
ŠzâV�Ö� MPC Zzg APC (b) (,kì MPC QQìZzg APC (a)
(,kì MPC LgLìZzg APC (d) LgLì MPC QQìZzg APC (c)
%œ/~JZ�ÛZïÜÃNzw™@*ì: X6
g<gf$~ZŸ±Æfg) (b) JÑb~ZŸ±Æfg) (a)
qgz!*ÑX (d) ~ZŸ±Æfg) LSR (c)
ÆŠgxyz9ÃNzw™äÆâ1C§j�: AS Zzg AD ågziÇgR6, X7
qâð¢zgc*] (b) ÑbJ (a)
',Z{gZ„»ggzZð (d) u»g~ZyZY] (c)
~7+M‡ìƒYñÂZÐë�: AS Zzg AD Z¤/ågziÇgÂZiy~ X8
¾gziÇgÂZiy (b) iZZ+ågziÇgÂZiy (a)
ŠzâV (b) Zzg (a) (d) ÂZiy‡ìgìÇ (c)
™zhgz9»ZŸ†ƒY@*ìÂZÝ»g~ 500 ™zhgz9ÆZŸ†ÐòWæã~ 1000 Z¤/ZÝ»g~~ X9
Ÿg[ÅŠgƒÏ:
3 (b) 4 (a)
2 (d) 5 (c)
¾ÔÅqª~¾6,µZW,7,}Ç? X10
48Economics-XII
7R6, (b) aZzZgR6, (a)
qgz!*Ñ~ÐÃð7 (d) gziÇgR6, (c)
qç]e^l(c) X3 (c) X2 (a) X1
(d) X6 (c) X5 (c) X4
(c) X9 (d) X8 (c) X7
(d) X10
�zZáÎZÑ] 1
´çâ]~ù¦g‡ÐH%ZŠì? X1
Zq-uÅXaZzZg~Z»ÇVÆfg)Zq-ºmæ]~X¬Zâz}.â]Ƶ/ÈaZzZgÅ �Z[:ÀŠgÃù¦g‡ë�X
qâðÜsgDyÅ°pÙX X2
Üs~p~ZzgWæã~p~ÆÚƒÃqâðÜsgDyë�X �Z[:
ågziÇg»ÈC�X X3
ZkÐ%ZŠuÅZ+qªìT~CÙZq-¿�‡.ÞìZzgñ�Š{ig~'׊zg~ÅÑb6,»x™ä �Z[:Æa»gìÃgziÇgïY@*ìX
Å°pÉÀŸ/õGX CRR X4
#ŸËVŦ»z{Úƒì�Z¹%œ/~JÆ0*kgƒ@*ìX CRR �Z[:
g<gf$Å°pÙX X5
%œ/~JTÑb6,#ŸËVÿæCŒÛnŠï�ZÐg<gf$ë�X �Z[:
49 Economics-XII
Ðic*Š{YV7ƒ$Ë? 1 qâðÜsgDyÅŠg X6
YèÜs}p~Wæã~p~Ðic*Š{7ƒ$ËX �Z[:
�zZáÎZÑ] 3-4
gŸ»gZ:Zzg)gŸ»gZ:"gziÇg~ÆŠgxy�ÛtC�X X1
t"gziÇg~ÅZ+ßg]ìT~ßvñ�Š{gzZV'׊zg~ÅÑb6,»x …•³^Ò^…]Þäe1…æ‡+^…pV �Z[:™äûg7ƒDXz{ZK%èÐ"gziÇg�X
t"gziÇg~ÅZ+qªì˜V»x™äÆpZéq‡.ÞßvgzZV Æn†…•^Ò^…]Þäe1…æ‡+^…pV
'׊zg~ÅÑb6,»x™äÆa»g�pZ¹»x7ïg;ìX
ìXu~ZÝ»g~ZyZY')4èG
G 0.75 = (MPC) Zq-u~qâðÜsgDy X2
™zh»ZŸ†ƒ@*ìXòWæã~ÀZŸ†¥xÙX 75
�Z[:
gz9 700 ìXZ¤/ZÝ»g~ C = 300+0.8Y Zq-uÂZiy~ìXZk»Üs·¶ X3
ƒÂ¸òWæã¥xÙX C = 300 + 0.8Y �Z[:
Y = C + 1
Y = 300 + 0.8Y + 700 = Rs. 1250
C��qgzfsÒ**]9�c*ß?�Z[ÅzzÌÒyÙX X4
50Economics-XII
Z#qâðÜsgDy#ìÂZÝ»g~¢d$ÅŠgÌ#ƒÏX (i)
Zz‰YgDyLÌ#ÐÁ7ƒ@*X (ii)
Ðic*Š{ƒÏX 5 ƒÂZÝ»g~¢d$ÅŠg MPC > MPSZ# (iii)
ÅŠgLÌt7ƒCX (MPS) qâðYgDy (iv)
ƒ@*ìÂqâðÜsgDy#ƒ@*ìX 1 Z#ZÝ»g~¢d$ (v)
Ðic*Š{7ƒ$ËX 1 Zz‰YgDyÅŠg (vi)
ì ƒC 1 Ý»g~¢d$ÅŠg ZK = 1/1–MPC = 1/1–0 = 1 ì MPC = 0 ß:YèZ# (i) �Z[:
tƒ@*ìX APS ß:YèZ#**ƒC� (ii)
ƒX MPC > 0.8 9:Z¤/ (iii)
m^
Ðic*Š{:ƒX 0.8 Ðic*Š{ƒp 0.5 ÅŠg MPC 9:Z¤/Ì#ƒÇX MPS ƒÂ S = 0 ƒ@*ìXZ¤/ MPS = S/Y 9:Yè (iv)
K = 1/1–MPC = 1/1–0 = 1 9:Yè (v)
ƒ@*ìX APC + APS = 1 9:Yè (vi)
ZÝ»g~¢d$ZzgqâðÜsgDy~mÅzŸs#ÙX X5
ZzgZÝ»g~¢d$~¦JmìXZ¤/(,SƒðWæã»ic*Š{ MPC tªCÙ™@*ì� K = 1/1–MPC �Z[:
6,yaHYñÇÂZÝ»g~¢d$ÅŠgÌic*Š{ƒÏX consumptionz
zXc*Y@*ìX 20% ™zh»tŠZ½z¯@*ìZzg'×h+Wæã» 30 Zq-u»YÈ X6
YZzgÜs·¶¥xÙX
™zh 30 �Z[:
0.2 = MPS
51 Economics-XII
Üs·¶ Y·¶
MPC = 1 – 0.2 = 0. 8
C = C + by S = –30 + 0.2 Y
C = 30 + 0.8 Y
�zZáÎZÑ] 6
u~ºÔÊzg™ä~qgzfs»gzwÒyÙX X1
JÑb (ii) î!*iZg»ggzZð (i)
%œ/~JÆfg)A!*iZg~u»g~_5½3ð GGg¸Åyh+z�Ûz|#ÃA!*iZgÅ»ggzZðë�X �Z[:
Z#ºÔÅßg]~%œ/~Jcg¸Ãyh+@*ìÂZâ„7Å×g¶#ŸËVÃq݃CìXíËVÅŒÛnŠ¶ÅRö~ZŸ†ƒY@*ìZzgù¦Ô(,"кÔ~‡JgWY@*ìX
&45ë EEGÑbΊÅz{ÑbìT6,%œ/~J#ŸËVÃŒÛn�ÛZë™@*ìXºÔÅßg]~%œ/~JÑjVÃÁ™ŠêìXZkÐ#ŸJŒÛçV6,ΊÅÑb~¶ÑD�íßvic*Š{ŒÛnfe�TÐù¦Ô~ZŸ†ƒ@*ìX
u~iZZ+ÔÊzg™ä~qgzfs»gzwÒyÙX X2
JÑb (ii) ?!*iZg»ggzZð (i)
Z#iZZ+ÔÅßg]aZƒYCìÂ%œ/~Jcg¸Ã�Ûz|#™ŠêìXZ#ßvZ¹yh+™sB �Z[:
Æfg)ZŠZ5™D�Â#ŸËVÐig%œ/~JÆ0*k`Y@*ìXíËVŦÁƒYCìZzgZyÅŒÛnŠ¶ÅRö~¶WYCìZzgz{ÁŒÛnŠï�TÐù¦Ô~¶WCìX
iZZ+ÔÅqªÃŠg„™äÆa%œ/~JÑjV~ZŸ†™ŠêìXZkÐ#ŸJŒÛçV6,ΊÅÑb~ZŸ†™ä6,6gƒYD�íßë
YHnfe�TÐù¦Ô~¶WCìX
Zq-u~Z�ÛZïÜŠzg™ä~qgzfs»gzwÒyÙX X3
52Economics-XII
u»g~ya (i)
LRR (ii)
Z�ÛZïÜc*ºÔÅßg]~u»gÃúZòya~ZŸ†™**ec†êqgÂVÅyÔøVZzg (i) �Z[:
vÃVÅyz){XZkÐgziÇgÅR~ZŸ†ƒÇíWæã~ZŸ†ƒÇ�]yh+~ZŸ†»:L¶ÇXZk§bù¦Ô~ZŸ†ƒÇX
Ð%ZŠ¦Åz{²+‚ì&#ŸJ‡ây×~Å~%œ/~JÆ0*kc* LRR (ii)
ZL0*kgnp�XZ�ÛZïÜÅßg]~%œ/~J¦Å²+ÑbÁ™ŠêìíËVÆfg)ŒÛn�ÛZë™äÆa×~~ZŸ†ƒY@*ìZzgù·Ô~ZŸ†ƒY@*ìX
Z�ÛZïÜÊzg™ä~qâðÃt»Hgzwì? X4
qâðÃtÐ%ZŠHznÆfg)7ňJ-$ÆqíÐìXZ#âgX)qí(Áƒ@*ì �Z[:
ŒÛnheÅu(,|YCìXZ�ÛZïÜŠzg™äÆa%œ/~Jqd/õ IGÃÁ™ŠêìTÐZŠJgheÅ
¤‰Ü(,|YCìZzgù¦Ô~ÌZŸ†ƒY@*ìX6,yaƒ@*ìXZ¤/ZÝ (consumption) ‚~Üs 75 Zq-u~(,SƒðWæã» X5
gz9ƒÂqgzfsÅ+Bh4ïG
GEÙX 1000 »g~~ZŸ†Wæã~ÀZŸ† (i)
ÜsZyZY]~ÀZŸ† (ii)
MPC = 75% = 75/100 �Z[:3/4ª
MPS = 1–3/4 = 1/4
K = 1/MPS = 4
(i)
53 Economics-XII
(ii)
™zhgz9ìXqâðÜsgDyZzgqâðY 12000 Zq-u~WæãÅÂZiyR X6
ƒÏ? zhgz9ÆaXZzgZÝ»g~Šg»g ™ 20000 ìXuÅ5ÂZiyR 3:1 gDyÅÚ
™zhgz9 12000 = Šc*ì:WæãÅÂZiyR �Z[:
MPC:MPS = 3:1
™zhgz9 20000 = 5ÂZiyWæã
g<gf$ZzgJÑb~�ÛtÉÀŸ/õGX X7
g<gf$ZzgJÑbŠzâV»Èìz{ÑbT6,%œ/~J#ŸËVÃŒÛnŠêìXpg<gf$ �Z[:»m¿æCŒÛçVЃ@*ìZzgZk6,¿æCΊÅÑbÑ̓Cì²JÑb»mîsæCŒÛçVЃ@*ìZzgZk6,îsæCΊÅÑbÑ̓CìX
54Economics-XII
4- mçÞ8
u»g~PZzgum^…Òãß1ŸñÐÞÓ^l
âgaJ-ƒ@*ìÅæ]~Ó#ÖÅgzß1!ZzgZyZY]» 31 P:PZq-â1C‚w�JZ6,sÐ �
‚Ñ:Òyƒ@*ìX
PPPPÆÆÆÆZZZZëëë룣££œœœœ:::: ����
z‚bÅZiuâ„ X1
WæãZzgŠzªÅŠz!*g{Є X2
çÙZPx X3
u»g~»gz!*g~ZŠZg{»ZOx X4
çÙF,¹ X5
¾RZzg"gziÇg~~¶ X6
PPPPÆÆÆÆZZZZbbbbZZZZ ����
â1C)õÝ(P (a)
7)ZÝ(P (b)
õÝPu»gÅâ1CzßCVZzgâ1CZyZY]Å,ìX �
ZÝP:u»gÅ7zß1çVZzgZyZY]Å,ìX �
55 Economics-XII
er8æ‘çÖn^en^7
õÝzßà ZÝzß1V
ZŠJgZzgŠzu~f)ŠZgc*V �
L )LõÝ ŒÛçVÃzß1V �
Šzu~zß1V �
»gz!*g~õÝ � (Disinvestment) **ZÝ»g~ �
',ZÓgZ„ !*ßZô Ίzßw �
œ�
Ûzy´ÐæŠ �
:�
Ñ$k54øJ
GE�
:Zzgâ: �
õõõõÝÝÝÝzzzzßßßß1111VVVV ����
tu»gÆZU*NVÃÁ7™CX X1
tu»gÅf)ŠZg-V~ZŸ†7™CX X2
ZZZZÝÝÝÝzzzzßßßß1111VVVV ����
tu»gÆZU*NVÃÁ™ŠîìX X1
tu»gÅf)ŠZg-V~ZŸ†™ŠîìX X2
er8ì†5
õÝZyZY] ZÝZyZY]
56Economics-XII
Vw:9Z{ÔΊÅZŠZ5ZzgS Vw:ZjwŤ8-¯**Ô¥Ôi}ÔáÅyh+Zg~
õõõõÝÝÝÝZZZZyyyyZZZZYYYY]]]] ����
tu»gÆZU*NV~ZŸ†7™DX X1
tu»gÅf)ŠZg-V~Ãð¶7™DX X2
ZZZZÝÝÝÝZZZZyyyyZZZZYYYY]]]] ����
tu»gÆZU*NV~ZŸ†™D�X X1
tu»gÅf)ŠZg-V~¶™D�X X2
ÀõÝya – ÀõÝzß1V = õÝÄg{ �
õÝÄg{:Z#u»g»ÀõÝyaZkÅÀõÝzßCVÐic*Š{ƒX �
õõõõÝÝÝÝÄÄÄÄgggg}}}}ÆÆÆÆZZZZWWWW,,,,ZZZZ]]]] ����
tu»gÅñW,Š+ŠZg-V~ZŸ†™@*ìX X1
tu»gÅ)¢zg~ZyZY]ÅYïg~ŠêìX X2
tLÆ1ú~ZŸ†™@*ìX X3
Àya > QŠJgÆ´z{Àzß1V = âàÄg{þ �
ââââ1111CCCCÄÄÄÄgggg{{{{ÆÆÆÆZZZZWWWW,,,,ZZZZ]]]] ����
tZ�ÛZ¹ig~ZŸ†™@*ìX X1
oŒÛçVÆYw~úY@*ìX X2
toÅF,¹ÃÁ™@*ìX X3
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57 Economics-XII
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ZÝya (b) õÝya (a)
âàÄg{ (d) Z’ZðÄg{ (c)
58Economics-XII
PÄg{~�hŠc*YñÂ…Mì: Liabilities ZzgŠzu~ (Borrowings) Z¤/ZŠJg X5
ZÝÄg{ (b) õÝÄg{ (a)
âàÄg{ (d) Z’ZðÄg{ (c)
ZÝzß1!WMh� X6
(PF) 8Zp (b) !*iZg~ŒÛn (a)
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Äg{HƒÇ?
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59 Economics-XII
�zZáÎZÑ] 6
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60Economics-XII
(,~g¶Å¢zg]ƒCìXtyz*yÆPþ§bOW,™}Ï?
"ñÌ',‚]ÅzzТzg~ZâñpgŠãÅ£',!*Šƒ_�TÅzzÐZyÅ©Zzœµg� X2
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61 Economics-XII
ŒÛçVÅzZ3uâtyaYVì? X1
YèZkÐÓ#ÖÅf)ŠZg-V~¶WCìX �Z[:
ŒÛçVÅzßàZÝzß1VYVâãYCì? X2
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H�? (Capital Expenditure) Zݻg~ZyZY] X7
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�zZáÎZÑ] 3-4
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fg=�XZkÆaÓ#ÖZKLÅ0*ŒZzgúZòZyZY]‰Zñg~oƒp´VÑCìXZ÷zV6,âŠ{L»1úeZw™ZyÅWæãZzgZ5uÃÁ™$ËìZzg¾'VÆa#k»ñV6,KYäzZáúZòZyZY]~ZŸ†™ÆÓ#Ö¾'VÆ£gi0+ÏZzgZyÅ]yh+~ZŸ†™$ËìTÐWæãZzgŠzªÅ°x)zZ]~¶WñÏX
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64Economics-XII
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65 Economics-XII
110 ZÝZyZY] (v
õÝÄg{ = õÝya – õÝzß1V (a �Z[:
= 100 – 80
= Rs. 20 Cr.
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= Rs. 35 Cr.
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66Economics-XII
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67 Economics-XII
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70Economics-XII
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71 Economics-XII
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104Economics-XII
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106Economics-XII
Taxes Rates Under GST
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135 Economics-XII
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138Economics-XII
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140Economics-XII
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141 Economics-XII
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142Economics-XII
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144Economics-XII
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