Sub or Din a Ti Ion

8/3/2019 Sub or Din a Ti Ion

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SubordinationSubordination


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We saw in chapter 5 that it is possible to have more than one sentence node in asentence.

e.g.the cat which is lying on the mat loves dogs.The example consist ofMAIN CLAUSE (S1) (the cat loves dogs)

and a SUBORDINATE CLAUSE (S2) (which is lying on the mat).

What is the word clause, subordinate, hypotactic and paratactic ??What is the word clause, subordinate, hypotactic and paratactic ??A CLAUSE may exist alone or it may join up with other clauses.

SUBORDINATE is to joining clauses together.

A style of speech or writing using lots of subordination is called HYPOTACTIC.

A style using little subordination is called PARATACTIC.


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SubordinationSubordination

Kate hugged the baby.

Jenny hit me.

The dog found a bone.

Most of our example sentences have consisted of one clause. That is we havetaken different subjects and said one thing about them.

The cat is mad.

The cat loves dogs.

We can join the clauses together to form one sentence by subordinate one clauseto another.

The catthatthatis mad loves dogs.


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e.g. The cat that is mad loves dogs.

In this example, the cat loves dogs becomes the main clause,

and that is mad is the subordinate clause.THAT is the relative pronoun.

e.g. The cat that loves dogs is mad.

The cat loves dogs has become less important than the cat is mad

In other words subordinate clause is often less important than the main clause.

Material in a subordinate clause can often be deleted if necessary.

e.g. The cat loves dogs.

The cat is mad.


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Types of SubordinateTypes of Subordinate

Relative Clause:

The relative clause post-modifies the head noun of a noun phrase.

In the example ofthe cat that loves dogs is mad the relative clause (that lovesdogs) and (it) post-modifies the noun cat.

The whole unitthe cat that loves dogs is a noun phrase functioning as the subjectof the sentence.

The cat that loves dogs (pres) is mad.

S P sCTo be sure that it is functioning as one constituent by substituting the pronoun it.

It is mad.

The subordinate clause that loves dogs is EMBEDDED in the main clause the cat ismad.

This embedded is a feature of all subordinate clauses.


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Another way of showing embedding without the elaboration of a tree diagram is bythe use ofsquare brackets.

e.g. [S1 The cat [S2that is mad] loves dogs]

One feature of relative clauses is that it is not necessary in every case for them tobe introduced by a subordinator this can be optional.

e.g. [S1 The film [S2that I saw last night ] was really good][S1 The film [S2 I saw last night ] was really good]

A relative clause always forms part of a larger NP and so takes on the function ofthat NP.

e.g. {The cat that is mad } (pres) loves dogsS P dO


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Adverbial Clause:

Subordinate adverbial clause add information in relation to manner, time, place andso on.

They tend to answer the questions How? When? Where? Why?e.g. Ill give you the next clue when youre ready.

Adverbial clauses begin with a subordinator. In example the subordinator is when.

There is no option to omit the subordinator in adverbial clauses.

[S1

[S2

When youre ready] Ill give you the next clue]The subordinate clause (S2) dominated by S1 and not VP.

The function of subordinate adverbial clauses is adverbiale.g. I will give you the next clue when you are ready.

S P iO dO Adv


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You can see from example that, as with some relative clauses, the subordinator isnot always essential.

Because a noun clause function as an obligatory element in a sentence, that is as asubject or an object.

The main clause cannot stand on its own, this is different from the main clauses in

sentences containing a subordinate relative or adverbial clause.


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Complement Clause:

Subject complement:A subordinate clause can also appear with an intensive verb and function as the

subject complement.

e.g. The most important thing (pres) is that youre happy.S P sC

The subordinate clause is functioning as an obligatory part of the sentence, so themain clause appears incomplete.

e.g. [The most important thing is [S2]]


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Complement of Adjective:

Subordinate clause can also complement adjectives.e.g. I am sure that she must have known him.

In this example the subordinate clause form part of the adjective phrase andtakes on the same function within the sentence.

e.g. I (pres) am sure that she must have known him.S P aC

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