Study of different modalities of public toilets in Kathmandu Metroplolitan City
Transcript of Study of different modalities of public toilets in Kathmandu Metroplolitan City
Study on Modalities of Public Toilets in Kathmandu
Metropolitan City: Focus on City Service Centers and
Mobile Toilets
Presenter: Manish Basnet
Asia regional sanitation and hygiene practit ioners workshop
31 January – 2 February 2012, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Objectives & MethodologyOBJECTIVES• To study public latrines of City Service Centers
(CSCs) and Mobile Toilets based on management modality.
• Financial status and users’ perspectives and catalog the findings.
METHODOLOGY• Questionnaire Surveys of operators and users.
• Inspection based on indicators: – Physical Infrastructure status
– Hygiene Indicators
City Service Centers (CSCs)
• Concept of Public Private Partnership (PPP) and Build, Operate, Own and Transfer (BOOT).
• Only 3 constructed at Ratnapark, Khulamanch and Chabahil.
Mobile Toilets (MTs)• Mobile Toilets operated
under Public Private Partnership (PPP).
• Limited holding capacity of the tank – limited water use for cleaning and washing.
Findings
• Most of the questionnaire respondents (65%) preferred public latrines of CSCs.
• Currently, PPP and BOOT modality of CSCs - better modality.
• CSCs and MTs – relatively better services.
• CSCs and MTs profitable – good case for sustainability.
Issues• CSCs’ and MTs’ hygiene standard
is still below par .
• Fecal waste of CSCs directly discharged into city sewerage line; innovation to utilize fecal waste through on-site bio-gas plant.
• Lack of adequate water in CSCs for users cleanliness – rain water harvesting options.
• MTs - limited holding capacity and problems with waste disposal.
•Lack of adherence to stated agreement by KMC and the companies
Challenges• No public toilets are child-friendly/differently-able
friendly. Should be incorporated in ‘to be constructed public toilets’.
• Monitoring mechanism weak – Provision for investing certain percentage of profit in maintaining toilets.
• Public Toilet should be free – fares should be minimum.
• CSCs focused only in core city areas and has not addressed informal settlements. How to address this problem?