S T U D Y G U I D E 12

1. Structure of the Hearta. Write the correct labels in the spaces at the right.

1) ____________________________________________

2) ____________________________________________

3) ____________________________________________

4) ____________________________________________

5) ____________________________________________

6) ____________________________________________

7) ____________________________________________

8) ____________________________________________

9) ____________________________________________

10) ____________________________________________

11) ____________________________________________

12) ____________________________________________

13) ____________________________________________

14) ____________________________________________

15) ____________________________________________

16) ____________________________________________

17) ____________________________________________

18) ____________________________________________

b. Write the answers that match the statements in the spaces at the right.

1) Receives blood from venae cavae. ____________________________________________

2) Receives blood from pulmonary veins. ____________________________________________

3) Separates ventricles. ____________________________________________

4) Prevents backflow of blood from right ventricle

into right atrium. ____________________________________________

5) Prevents backflow of blood from left ventricle

into left atrium. ____________________________________________

6) Prevents backflow of blood from aorta into left

ventricle. ____________________________________________

7) Prevents backflow of blood from pulmonary

trunk into right ventricle. ____________________________________________

8) Restrain cusps of A-V valves. ____________________________________________

9) Pumps blood into pulmonary trunk. ____________________________________________

10) Pumps blood into aorta. ____________________________________________

107

2

9

10

11

121314

15

16

17

18

1

3

5

6

7

8

4

Aorta

Superior vena cava

Rt. pulmonary veins

Aortic semilunar valve

Right atrium

Tricuspid valve

Chordae tendineae

Inferior vena cava

Left pulmonary artery

Pulmonary trunk

Left pulmonary veins

Left atrium

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Left ventricle

Papillary muscle

Ventricular septum

Right ventricle

Right atrium

Left atrium

Ventricular septum

Tricuspid valve

Bicuspid valve

Aortic semilunar valve

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Chordae tendineae

Right ventricle

Left ventricle

2. Cardiac CycleWrite the answers that match the statements in the spaces at the right.

1) Contraction phase of the ventricles. ____________________________________________

2) Relaxation phase of the ventricles. ____________________________________________

3) Valves closing to produce first heart sound. ____________________________________________

4) Valves closing to produce second heart sound. ____________________________________________

5) Valves open during ventricular systole. ____________________________________________

6) Valves closed during ventricular systole. ____________________________________________

7) Valves open during ventricular diastole. ____________________________________________

8) Valves closed during ventricular diastole. ____________________________________________

3. Heart Conduction System and ElectrocardiogramWrite the answers that match the statements in the spaces at the right.

1) Small fibers carrying impulses to myocardium. ____________________________________________

2) Pacemaker of the heart. ____________________________________________

3) Thick fibers extending from A-V node. ____________________________________________

4) Transmits impulses to atria and A-V node. ____________________________________________

5) Transmits impulses to A-V bundle. ____________________________________________

6) Wave caused by depolarization of ventricles. ____________________________________________

7) Wave caused by repolarization of ventricles. ____________________________________________

8) Wave caused by depolarization of atria. ____________________________________________

4. Regulation of Heart Ratea. Write the answers that match the statements in the spaces at the right.

1) Autonomic center controlling heart rate. ____________________________________________

2) ANS division whose impulses increase heart rate. ____________________________________________

3) ANS division whose impulses decrease heart rate. ____________________________________________

4) Gender with faster heart rate. ____________________________________________

5) Nerve carrying parasympathetic fibers to the heart. ____________________________________________

b. Match the effect on heart rate with the factors listed.

1) Increases 2) Decreases 3) No effect

_____ Epinephrine _____ Excess K _____ Insufficient Ca

_____ Old age _____ Acetylcholine _____ Excitement

_____ Fever _____ Anxiety _____ Thyroxine

_____ Physical conditioning _____ Increase in blood pressure _____ Norepinephrine

5. Types of Blood VesselsWrite the answers that match the statements in the spaces at the right.

1) Composed of endothelium only. ____________________________________________

2) Vessels with thickest walls. ____________________________________________

3) Vessels with valves. ____________________________________________

4) Carry blood from capillaries to heart. ____________________________________________

5) Carry blood from heart to capillaries. ____________________________________________

6) Vessels exchanging materials with tissues. ____________________________________________

7) Smallest and most numerous vessels. ____________________________________________

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Ventricular systole

Ventricular diastole

AV valves

Semilunar valves

Semilunar valves

AV valves

AV valves

Semilunar valves

Purkinje fibers

S-A node

A-V bundle

S-A node

A-V node

QRS wave

T wave

P wave

Cardiac control center

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Female

Vagus nerve

1

2

1

2

2

2

1

3

2

1

1

1

Capillaries

Arteries

Veins

Veins

Arteries

Capillaries

Capillaries

109

6. Blood Flow and Blood Pressurea. Write the answers that match the statements in the spaces at the right.

1) Systemic vessel with fastest blood flow. ____________________________________________

2) Vessels with slowest blood flow. ____________________________________________

3) Systemic vessel with greatest blood pressure. ____________________________________________

4) Primary force moving blood. ____________________________________________

5) Two additional forces that help return venous

blood to the heart. ____________________________________________

____________________________________________

6) Normal systolic blood pressure. ____________________________________________

7) Normal diastolic blood pressure. ____________________________________________

8) Autonomic center controlling diameter of blood

vessels. ____________________________________________

9) Systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure. ____________________________________________

10) Effect on precapillary sphincters by a local

decrease in oxygen and pH. ____________________________________________

11) Effect on precapillary sphincters by sympathetic

impulses. ____________________________________________

b. Indicate whether the following conditions cause an increase () or decrease () in blood pressure.

_____ An increase in peripheral resistance.

_____ A marked decrease in blood volume.

_____ A decrease in cardiac output.

_____ Dilation of a great many arterioles.

_____ A significant increase in plasma proteins.

_____ Sympathetic impulses to arterioles.

_____ Constriction of most arterioles.

_____ An increase in heart rate.

7. Circulation PathwaysTrace the pathway of blood from a ventricle of the heart to the organ indicated and back to an atrium of the

heart. Write the names of the correct heart chambers, arteries, and veins in the blanks.

1) Right little finger.

Left ventricle → ___________________________ → ___________________________ →____________________________________→ ____________________________________ →____________________________________ → ____________________________________ → right little finger

→ ____________________________________ → ____________________________________ →_________________________________ → _________________________________ → __________________________

→ ____________________________________ atrium.

2) Small intestine.

___________________ ventricle → ________________________________ → __________________________________

→ small intestine → ____________________________________ → ____________________________________→ liver → ____________________________________ →____________________________________→ right atrium.

Aorta

Capillaries

Aorta

Blood pressure

Skeletal muscle contractions

Respiratory movements

120 10 mm Hg

80 10 mm Hg

Vasomotor center

Pulse pressure

Dilation (open)

Vasoconstriction

Aorta a. Brachiocephalic a.

Rt. Subclavian a. Rt. Axillary a.

Rt. Brachial a. Rt. Ulnar a.

Rt. Basilic v. Rt. Axillary v.

Rt. Subclavian v. Rt. Brachiocephalic v. Superior vena cava

Right

Left

Hepatic portal v.

Superior mesenteric a.

Superior mesenteric v.

Aorta a.

Hepatic v.

Inferior vena cava

8. Systemic ArteriesLabel the figure by writing the names

of the numbered arteries in the spaces.

1) ___________________________

2) ___________________________

3) ___________________________

4) ___________________________

5) ___________________________

6) ___________________________

7) ___________________________

8) ___________________________

9) ___________________________

10) ___________________________

11) ___________________________

12) ___________________________

13) ___________________________

14) ___________________________

15) ___________________________

16) ___________________________

17) ___________________________

18) ___________________________

19) ___________________________

20) ___________________________

21) ___________________________

22) ___________________________

23) ___________________________

24) ___________________________

25) ___________________________

26) ___________________________

27) ___________________________

28) ___________________________

29) ___________________________

30) ___________________________

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1

Arteries of theupper limb

Arteries of thehead and trunk

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Arteries of thelower limb

14

15

1617

18

192021

22

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24

25

26

27

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29

30

13

Subclavian

Axillary

Brachial

Radial

Ulnar

External iliac

Deep femoral

Femoral

Popliteal

Anterior tibial

Posterior tibial

Fibular

Dorsal pedis

Internal carotid

External carotid

Left common carotid

Brachiocephalic

Aortic arch

Pulmonary trunk

Left coronary

Right coronary

Thoracic aorta

Splenic

Celiac trunk

Renal

Superior mesenteric

Abdominal aorta

Interior mesenteric

Common iliac

Internal iliac

111

9. Systemic VeinsLabel the figure by writing the names

of the numbered veins in the spaces.

1) ___________________________

2) ___________________________

3) ___________________________

4) ___________________________

5) ___________________________

6) ___________________________

7) ___________________________

8) ___________________________

9) ___________________________

10) ___________________________

11) ___________________________

12) ___________________________

13) ___________________________

14) ___________________________

15) ___________________________

16) ___________________________

17) ___________________________

18) ___________________________

19) ___________________________

20) ___________________________

21) ___________________________

22) ___________________________

23) ___________________________

24) ___________________________

25) ___________________________

26) ___________________________

27) ___________________________

2

Veins of the upper limb

1

Veins of thelower limb

3

4

Veins of thehead and trunk

1314

1516

20

17

1819

21

2322

24

25

26

27

5

10

11

12

6

8

9

7

Subclavian

Cephalic

Axillary

Basilic

Median cubital

External iliac

Femoral

Great saphenous

Popliteal

Posterior tibial

Anterior tibial

Small saphenous

Internal jugular

External jugular

Left brachiocephalic

Superior vena cava

Right pulmonary

Grat cardiac

Small cardiac

Inferior vena cava

Hepatic

Splenic

Hepatic portal

Superior mesenteric

Inferior mesenteric

Left common iliac

Internal iliac

10. Disorders of the Heart and Blood VesselsWrite the disorders described by the statements in the spaces at the right.

1) Unusual heart sounds. ____________________________________________

2) Hardening of the arteries. ____________________________________________

3) Death of a portion of the myocardium. ____________________________________________

4) Abnormal heart rhythm. ____________________________________________

5) Inflammation of a vein. ____________________________________________

6) Chronic high blood pressure. ____________________________________________

7) Swollen veins due to defective valves. ____________________________________________

8) Balloonlike enlargement of blood vessel. ____________________________________________

9) Fatty deposits in walls of arteries. ____________________________________________

10) Edema of lungs, viscera, legs, and feet. ____________________________________________

11. Clinical Applications a. A 60-year-old man complains of chest pain during moderate exercise. The pain goes away after he

rests for a while. What is the likely cause of the pain? ____________________________________________

Without treatment, what complications may arise? ______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

b. An accident victim has lost considerable blood. His blood pressure is only slightly below normal, and

his pulse rate is elevated. How is the body compensating for the loss of blood? _____________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

c. A patient has a blood clot in the right femoral vein. If a part of the clot should break loose, where is it

likely to lodge? _______________________________________________________________________________

Would this be a serious complication? _________________________________________________ Explain.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

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Heart murmur

Arteriosclerosis

Myocardial infarction

Arrhythmia

Phlebitis

Hypertension

Varicose veins

Aneurysm

Atherosclerosis

Congestive heart failure

A partially blocked coronary artery.

He may have a heart attack.

The lost blood has been

replaced by the reserve blood supply in the spleen.

In a pulmonary artery.

Yes

If blood flow to the lungs is mostly blocked, oxygenation of blood is drastically reduced which may cause

death.