Studio sul rilascio di microplastiche derivanti dai capi...

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Studio sul rilascio di

microplastiche derivanti dai

capi sintetici

R. Mossotti CNR ISMAC Biella

Mermaids Workshop 4 Novembre 2016


• Characterize and quantify microplastics contained in different laundry effluents.

• Estimate the influence of additives and detergents in lowering microplastics release.

• Evaluate the influence of textile characteristics that could affect fiber release.

• Increase the knowledge and the awareness of consumers and professionals with a set of policy recommendations (voluntary and mandatory ones) by following the guidelines of The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive - MSFD, 2008/56/EC.

MERMAIDS project


SURVEY ON DOMESTIC WASHING HABITS

831 questionnaires were handed out and 530 were selected as useful

Washing machine average load

Water used cycle

Washing Cycles per Week

Drying machine brand and capacity

Drying machine program

Washing machine brand

Washing program

Washing Temperature

Wash duration

Pretreatment

Centrifugation

MAIN TOPIC


Most common washing machine brand: Bosh, Whirpool, LG, Indesit and AEG

Washing Temperature more often used: 30-40°C

Washing duration: 60-90 minutes

Pretreatment specially used for white clothing

Centrifugation: 800-1000 rpm

6,7 Washes/household week

MAIN RESULTS

25% of respondents use the 70-80% of clothing made of natural fibers.

15% of respondents use clothing made of natural and synthetic fibers in the

same quantity.

26.5% only synthetic fibers.

WASHING CONDITIONS

CLOTHING


LAB STEP

TREND IN MICROFIBRES RELEASE ON SIMULATED

INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC WASHINGS

Linitest

Equipment

Standard

Fabric

CNR-ISMAC/LEITAT


DETERGENTS

•R: Reference (only distilled water)

•DL1: Detergent Liquid 1


•DL3: Detergent Liquid 3 for wool

•DL4: Detergent Liquid 4 for synthetic

textiles

•BL1: Bleach Liquid 1

•BL2: Bleach Liquid 2

•OL1: Oxy Liquid 1

•SL1: Softener Liquid 1

•OP1: Oxy Powder 1 (percarbonate)

•DP1: Detergent Powder 1

• IB: Sapo Igienbucato; pH washing

solution = 8.2

•OXI: Sapo OXITEX; pH washing

solution = 4.5

OPERATIVE CONDITIONS

• Temperature: 40°, 60°, 75°C, 90 °C

• Time:45 min, 60 min

• Balls:0,10,20, 25

• Distilled and hard water

TESTS

Woven and knitted

Standard Fabrics:

PET, PP, PA, PAC


Tygon Tubes

Filter Holder

Peristaltic Pump

FILTRATION STEP

PVDF Filter

with pore size

of 5 microns


FILTERS

PVDF Millipore filters with pore size of 5 μm

received from CNR – ISMAC

and from LEITAT

EVALUATION OF FIBRES AMOUNT Scanning Electron

Microscopy

SEM Analysis was performed by CNR-ICTP and CNR–ISMAC


SEM IMAGES OF FIBERS FRAGMENTS

COLLECTED ON FILTERS


Study of microfiber release

from a washing machine

• Washing of clothings based on syntetic fibers or blends with natural fibers,

using WASCATOR according to UNI EN 26330:1996

• Standard powder detergent ECE 1 g/l

• Bath ratio during washing 1:10

• 2 kg load

• T= 40°C

• Time = 60 min

• 4 rinses after the main washing process


ANALYSIS OF WASHING EFFLUENT

Fibers identification by light microscopy, FT-IR

Fiber quantification by DSC, TGA, chemical methods

Weighed


FINISHING OF STANDARD TEXTILES

Tested by CNR-ISMAC on Industrial scale by

using equipment supplied by Tintoria

Finissaggio 2000-Biella

Finishing Treatment of Polyester fabrics with Purlastic 889 and Polysilk CTE


Work Plan: LAB STEP

TREND IN MICROFIBRES RELEASE ON

PROFESSIONAL LAUNDRY MACHINE


DETERGENTS

•R: Reference (only distilled water)



•DL3: Detergent Liquid3

OPERATIVE CONDITIONS

• Temperature: 40°, 60°,

•Load 0,5kg

TESTS

PET Standard Fabrics

TREATED STANDARD

FABRIC

Professional washing machine (rent)

6,5 kg load with dosing pumps.

WASHING PROGRAM:

WASH & WEAR, 60°C, 55 min, 1200

rpm spin-dryer.


Conclusions & Next steps

EVALUATION OF THE

MICROPLASTICS RELEASE

COMING FROM A

COMMERCIAL LAUNDRY

• 2 white duvet made of polyester

• 2 fabrics made of polyester

fibers (reference and

treated with a finishing

treatment generally applied

in the commercial laundry)

4 FURTHER WASHINGS PERFORMED IN

REAL CONDITIONS (INDUSTRIAL

SCALE,WASHING MACHINE WITH

MAX LOAD 18 KGS )


FUTURE WORK Medium and Long-term goals

NEW GUIDELINES FOR INDUSTRIES AND CONSUMERS:

• BREF update (Best available techniques for the textile industry)

• Policy recommendations (coherently with European Policies concerning the marine environment, e.g. MSFD 2008/56/EC)

• Updates of the voluntary legislation (e.g. EU-Ecolabel, GPP)


Grazie per l’attenzione

Raffaella Mossotti

[email protected]

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